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CN1143109C - 隔热壁 - Google Patents

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CN1143109C
CN1143109C CNB988102048A CN98810204A CN1143109C CN 1143109 C CN1143109 C CN 1143109C CN B988102048 A CNB988102048 A CN B988102048A CN 98810204 A CN98810204 A CN 98810204A CN 1143109 C CN1143109 C CN 1143109C
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CN1276050A (zh
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J・希拉斯
J·希拉斯
M·许特
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Abstract

由两个相隔一定距离布置的，至少基本上真空密封的内外层(13、14)构成的隔热壁，该内外层与一个沿其轮廓延伸的、横截面呈U形的连接型材(19)相互真空密封连接并与该连接型材一起包住一个可抽真空的夹层(20)，该夹层用可抽真空的隔热材料(21)填充，其中至少一个作为电线之类用的套管(31、32)通过该夹层延伸并相互连接设置在相隔一定距离的内外层(13、14)上的孔(15、16)，该套管(23、31)在其两个端段上设置有一个法兰状的拐弯段(24、32)，用该拐弯段将套管(23、31)真空密封固定在内外层(15、16)相互面对的内侧上。

Description

隔热壁
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由两个相隔一定距离布置的、至少基本上真空密封的内外层构成的隔热壁，该内外层与一个沿其轮廓延伸的连接型材真空密封连接并与该连接型材一起包住一个可抽真空的夹层，该夹层用可抽真空的隔热材料填充，其中该内外层的至少一层有一个孔，该孔与一个管段真空密封连接。
背景技术
众所周知，建立在真空技术上的隔热壁和外壳适用于一些家用电器，例如制冷装置和冷藏装置以及马弗炉灶的家用炉灶。在这类使用范围迄今为止已知的隔热壁和外壳都配有套管，这些套管例如用于将电源线和信号线或将制冷装置有效空间例如冷藏室或冷冻室的冷凝水经隔热壁向外引出。这种套管迄今为止都用管子制成，这种管子嵌入内外层的各一个孔中并在该处外侧真空密封焊接。
这种结构存在这样的问题：为了用常规焊接方法例如微束等离子焊接在大量生产过程中保证连接件的真空密封焊接，相互连接的部件必须具有相当高的配合精度。对连接的部件提出的形状误差和尺寸误差的要求给外壳和隔热壁的制造过程造成困难并使之放慢，从而明显增加制造成本。此外，实施这种已知的解决办法必须使内外层上设置的套管孔基本上相互对准定位，以免由于孔的错位在焊缝内引起应力。这种应力在一定情况下可导致在外壳使用期内焊接的不密封性。其次，对这种常规的套管结构必须考虑使用尽可能薄的连接管，才能使连接管的导热所引起的热桥保持尽可能小，但这不仅明显地给连接管与外壳内外层的焊接过程造成困难，也给外壳在制造过程中管子的处理造成困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，对上述类型的隔热壁提出一个实施方案，用该方案结合一些简单的建设性措施即可避免现有技术的缺点。
根据本发明，这个目的是这样实现的，管子段在其两个端段的一个端段上，设置了一圈法兰状的拐弯段，该管段用这圈拐弯段真空密封固定在该内外层的一层上。
通过套管作成具有至少在其两个端面的一个端面上设置法兰面构成的管件，即使在作为外壳用的内外层上设置的孔和管口由于某种制造误差或连接误差不能精确对准、从而使外壳上设置的孔与该孔对应的管口之间存在一定错位时，套管也可在批量生产过程中以高度的工艺可靠性实现长期真空密封固定在该内外层上。即使在孔的中心与管段的中心错位布置时，管段两个端面的一个端面上的法兰也可实现管段可靠焊接固定在该内外层的一层上。
根据本发明的一个有利改进方案，在配有孔的内外层之间布置相互连接该孔的管段用于电线之类的套管时，该管段在其两个自由端上设置一个法兰状的拐弯段，用该拐弯段可将该管段真空密封固定在该内外层相互面对的内侧上。
通过管段的这种结构可把构成实际套管的管段作成很薄的壁厚，以减少由于该套管的导热引起的热损失。由于该套管用法兰状的拐弯段实现固定，该拐弯段以其宽的支承面和牢固的结构可实现与隔热壁的内外层的可靠真空密封连接。这样就保证了消费品工业在成批生产时以高的过程速度进行工艺可靠的生产，从而降低生产成本。此外，可进一步的改进消除内外层上设置的孔的位置误差的可能性。
根据本发明的一个优选结构型式，当该管段和法兰状的拐弯段具有一个圆形的横断面时，则可特别简单和廉价地制造套管。管段的圆形横断面可使设置在该管段端段上的拐弯段例如作成廉价的冲压件，然后将这些冲压件与该管段进行真空密封连接。
根据本发明的下一个优选结构型式，管段和设置在该管段上的拐弯段作成整体。
在管段和法兰状的拐弯段为圆形横断面的情况下，套管例如可作成廉价的和精确的车削件。由于车削件的精确尺寸和形状，大大方便了套管放入隔热壁的内外层之间。
根据本发明又一个优选结构型式，管段具有一个至少基本上相当于孔的内径的横断面。
由于管段的横断面与孔的内径匹配，所以通过简单的定心工具就能使孔特别精确对准管段。此外，同时为电线或制冷剂的管通提供了一个能使其套管畅通无阻地通过隔热壁的套管横断面。
根据本发明的下一个优选结构型式，当内外层和管段及其拐弯段用优质钢或钢制成并用一种高能束焊接方法相互连接时，则可按简单的方式在隔热壁的内外层和管段的法兰状的拐弯段之间实现持久的真空密封连接。作为高能束焊接方法特别可用电子束焊接方法或激光束焊接方法。
根据本发明的又一个优选实施例，内外层和法兰状的拐弯段之间的焊接在法兰状的拐弯段的自由边缘的附近范围内进行。
在这种情况下，即使内外层上的孔由于加工缺陷引起相互明显错位、因而法兰状的拐弯段和与它对应的孔相对于其中心明显相互错位时，通过焊缝的这种布置也保证了内外层与法兰状拐弯段的真空密封连接。此外，使特别是作为套管用的管段中的空气进入减少到最低限度。
根据本发明的下一个优选结构型式，当法兰状的拐弯段的材料厚度至少相当于内外层的材料厚度时，则法兰状的拐弯段与隔热壁用优质钢或耐蚀钢制成的内外层可实现特别持久的和真空密封的焊接。法兰状的拐弯段的材料厚度选得越厚，则它在加工过程中进行处理时所具有的形状刚度就越大。
根据本发明的又一个优选结构型式，当隔热外壳按本发明的隔热壁构成时，则制冷装置的隔热外壳特别便于制作、工艺可靠并可回收，有利于环境保护。
根据本发明的最后一种有利结构型式，当马弗炉灶按本发明的隔热壁构成时，则一种家用炉灶的马弗炉同样特别便于制作、工艺可靠、价廉而可回收。
下面结合附图简化示出的一个实施例来详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1一种家用制冷装置的隔热外壳的侧视图，在其外壳后壁内设置有电线等的一根套管并在其压缩机室范围内设置有一个真空管接头。
图2相对于图1旋转90°示出的套管范围内的隔热外壳的部分断面图；
图3在抽真空管的范围内的隔热外壳放大了比例的部分断面图；
图4相对于隔热外壳内外层的一层内设置的一个孔错位的套管侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1表示一种适用于家用电冰箱或冷藏柜的隔热外壳10，在该外壳中设置了一个通过一扇门11可达的有效空间12。该有效空间有一个作为内壁用的内层13，离该内层以一定距离设置了一个作为外壁用的外层14，该外层象内层13那样用0.4毫米厚的优质钢板或耐蚀钢板加工而成。内外层13和14在其与门11对置的后侧分别设置了一个横截面为圆形的、直径相等的孔15或16。根据第一种布置方式，这两个孔至少接近于同轴对置。在离孔16的距离内，在空出压缩机室的一个台阶17的水平段上设置了另一个横截面为圆形的穿通外层14的孔18。
外层14和相隔一定距离的内层13与一个用优质钢板或耐蚀钢板制成的连接型材19一起围成一个可抽真空的夹层20，该连接型材通过焊接真空密封固定在内外层的面向门11的自由边缘上。为了支撑内外层13和14，该夹层用一种板状的可抽真空的隔热材料21填充，这种隔热材料例如可用开孔聚氨酯泡沫或开孔聚苯乙烯泡沫制成。相互连接这两个孔15和16的一个管形的套管22穿通埋入隔热材料21中，该套管例如用来从有效空间12引出电线或制冷剂管道。
如图2所示，套管22具有一个作为空心圆筒形构成的管段23，该管段的孔口截面基本上与孔15和16的截面配合，且其管轴通过两个孔15和16的中心延伸。管段23在其两端具有与管体一起成型的法兰状的拐弯段24，该拐弯段沿管段23的外轮廓设置并用其外侧紧贴在内外层13和14的面向夹层20的内侧。横截面呈圆形的法兰状的拐弯段24用于借助一种高能束焊接方法真空密封连接套管22与内外层13和14。其中一条用该焊接方法产生的封闭的圆形焊缝S1布置在拐弯段24的自由边缘的附近范围内并分别焊透要连接的连接件。即使在管段23的圆形的圆周截面相对于孔15或16的中心具有一个中心错位ΔS或孔15或16变成椭圆形状或管段的孔口截面具有一个变形ΔF(参见图4)的情况下，套管22上的拐弯段24结合拐弯段24边缘范围内布置的焊缝S1也能使套管22与内外层13和14实现真空密封连接。由于拐弯段24和布置的焊缝S1可使管段23的孔口截面的中心和孔16的中心之间的中心错位在孔15或16的孔口截面直径的20％左右的范围内获得补偿。
对图3所示的用优质钢或耐蚀钢制成的抽真空管30也存在这种补偿可能性。该管真空密封固定在外层14的外侧并由一个空心圆筒形的管段31和一个在其端段上整体一起成型的法兰状拐弯段32组成，该拐弯段完全吻合在管段31上，管段31用其管轴对准横截面呈圆形的孔18的中心。其孔口截面基本上配合管段31的孔口截面，所以孔18和真空管30的管段31的孔口截面位于一条直线上。抽真空管30用它的拐弯段32通过高能束焊接真空密封固定在外层14的外侧上，其中一条由焊接过程产生的焊缝S2环形设置在拐弯段32的自由边缘的附近范围内并焊透拐弯段32和外层14。为了在外壳10大批生产过程中保证可靠的焊接过程，拐弯段32和拐弯段24的材料厚度S2至少应为内层13或外层14的材料厚度S1的两倍。
套管22或抽真空管30与设置的拐弯段24或32的真空密封固定不仅适用于制冷装置的隔热外壳，而且也完全适用于家用炉灶的马弗炉灶的隔热外壳，其中马弗炉灶的内外层也象外壳10的内外层那样，可用优质钢板或耐蚀钢板制成，但马弗炉灶的内外层支撑用的、抽真空以后的隔热材料必须符合炉灶范围产生的温度要求。
内外层和法兰状的拐弯段之间的焊接连接也可设想为沿拐弯段的自由边缘进行角焊。

Claims (10)

1.由两个相隔一定距离布置的、真空密封的内外层构成的隔热壁，该内外层与一个沿其轮廓延伸的连接型材相互真空密封连接并与该连接型材一起包住一个可抽真空的夹层，该夹层可抽真空的隔热材料填充，其中该内外层的至少一层有一个孔，该孔与一个管段真空密封连接，其特征为，该管段(31)在其两个端段的一个端段上设置了一圈法兰状的拐弯段(32)，管段(31)用该拐弯段真空密封在内外层(13、14)的一层上。
2.按权利要求1的隔热壁，在配有孔的内外层之间的夹层内布置的一个相互连接该孔的管段用于电线之类的套管，其特征为，该管段(23)在其两个自由端上设置了一个法兰状的拐弯段(24)，用该拐弯段可将管段(23)真空密封固定在内外层(13、14)相互面对的内侧。
3.按权利要求1的隔热壁，其特征为，管段(23、31)和法兰状的拐弯段(24、32)具有一个圆形的横断面。
4.按权利要求1至3任一项的隔热壁，其特征为，管段(23，31)和设置在该管段上的拐弯段(32或24)作成一个整体的零件。
5.按权利要求3的隔热壁，其特征为，管段(23、31)具有一个相当于孔(15、16、18)内径的横断面。
6.按权利要求1的隔热壁，其特征为，内外层(13、14)和管段(23、31)及其拐弯段(32或24)用优质钢或耐蚀钢制成并用高能束焊接方法相互连接。
7.按权利要求6的隔热壁，其特征为，内外层(13、14)和法兰状的拐弯段(24、32)之间的焊接连接在法兰状的拐弯段(24、32)的自由边缘的附近范围内进行。
8.按权利要求3的隔热壁，其特征为，法兰状的拐弯段(32或24)的材料厚度至少相当于内外层(13、14)的材料厚度。
9.具有一个隔热外壳的制冷装置，其特征为，该隔热外壳(10)按权利要求1至8任一项构成。
10.具有一个用一扇门可关闭的并由一个马弗炉灶围成的烘烤室的家用炉灶，其特征为，该马弗炉灶按权利要求1至8任一项构成。
CNB988102048A 1997-10-16 1998-10-15 隔热壁 Expired - Fee Related CN1143109C (zh)

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DE19745860A DE19745860A1 (de) 1997-10-16 1997-10-16 Wärmeisolierende Wandung
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