CN114211004A - PVA-based composite film layer on surface of 3D printed stainless steel workpiece and preparation method - Google Patents
PVA-based composite film layer on surface of 3D printed stainless steel workpiece and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece and a preparation process thereof, wherein the composite film layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer is a PVA gel surface layer which simultaneously has a first pit-shaped texture and a component texture, the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture comprises antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles. According to the technical scheme, the PVA-based composite film layer is prepared on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece, and the PVA-based composite film layer is prepared on the metal surface by combining the additive manufacturing concept, so that compared with the traditional additive manufacturing, the process for producing complex parts is simplified to a great extent, the surface stability of the formed PVA-based composite film layer texture is remarkably improved, and the high-efficiency surface additive modification technology is expected to be provided for the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing metal surface treatment, and particularly relates to a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As an additive manufacturing technology with great development prospects in recent years, the metal 3D printing technology is increasingly applied in some fine industry fields and key products. The surface properties of 3D printed metal materials become the key to their application. The surface engineering technology is an effective means for improving the surface performance of the processed material by the traditional process, and the research on the surface treatment of the 3D printing material is less.
At present, the surface treatment of 3D printed metal workpieces mostly follows the material reduction manufacturing concept, the process is long in time consumption and limited by the limitations of surface structure change, irregular appearance and the like, and the surface processing difficulty of the obtained workpieces is high. Because the dimensional accuracy and the shape accuracy of 3D processing and forming are higher, the deformation of surface treatment is greatly limited due to the forming accuracy, so that the application of the diffusion coating surface treatment involving high-temperature treatment and the coating treatment needing surface polishing pretreatment is greatly limited, and the surface performance and the application range of the 3D printed metal workpiece are seriously influenced.
Therefore, how to provide a surface film layer and a processing method which are not affected by the surface roughness of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece and can improve the surface performance of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece without polishing pretreatment will have important influence on the application of 3D printed metal workpieces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece and a preparation method thereof.
The invention discloses a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece, which adopts the following main technical scheme:
the composite film layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer is a PVA gel surface layer which is provided with a first pit-shaped texture and a component texture at the same time, the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture comprises antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles.
The 3D printed stainless steel surface, except for the dimple-shaped texture and the component texture areas, the PVA-based composite film layer has a surface roughness of no more than 1 micron.
The surface of the 3D printing stainless steel substrate is completely covered by the PVA-based composite film layer.
The depth of the dimple-shaped texture is no more than 10 microns.
The component textured area is flush with a surface of the composite film layer that does not include the dimple-shaped textured area.
As another alternative, the height of the constituent textured area is lower than the surface of the composite film layer that does not include the dimple-shaped textured area.
The wear resistant particles in the composition texture are located outside the friction reducing particles.
A preparation method of a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece: preparing a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece by adopting a metal 3D printer;
(2) directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of a stainless steel workpiece: preparing PVA gel, directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece obtained in the previous step, and controlling the average height of the PVA gel bottom layer not to exceed the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece;
(3) preparing a pit-shaped texture on the surface layer of PVA gel: when the PVA gel bottom layer obtained in the last step is converted from a fluid state into a semisolid state, laying the PVA gel on the surface layer again, and controlling the surface of the PVA gel surface layer not to be lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece as a standard; when the surface PVA gel is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, a method of mechanically pressing the surface PVA gel into the surface of the surface PVA gel by adopting a smooth pressing head and maintaining the pressure until the PVA gel is completely solidified is adopted, so that a first pit-shaped texture and a second pit-shaped texture which are uniformly distributed are obtained;
(4) preparing a PVA gel surface layer component texture: preparing antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles, uniformly filling the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles into the second pit-shaped texture obtained in the previous step at intervals according to a regular arrangement method, compacting to form a component texture, and then carrying out treatment of local extrusion and local heating and resolidification on a component texture area to ensure that the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles are well combined with the second pit-shaped texture, so that the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed;
(5) finishing of PVA gel surface layer: and (3) finishing the PVA gel surface layer by adopting a mechanical mode to remove individual sharp protrusions.
Further, in the step (4), the friction reducing particles and the wear resistant particles in the composition texture area completely fill the second pit-shaped texture at the corresponding position or pits still exist in the center of the composition texture.
And the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles in the component texture area are firstly prepared into a briquetting and then placed into the second pit-shaped texture.
Compared with the prior art, the PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece and the preparation method have the following advantages:
the PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece printed by the 3D printer is combined with the additive manufacturing concept, the PVA-based composite film layer is manufactured on the surface of the metal, compared with the traditional material reduction manufacturing, the process for producing complex parts is simplified to a great extent, and the surface stability of the formed PVA-based composite film layer texture is obviously improved. The preparation of the PVA-based composite film layer utilizes the characteristic that the transition of the physical form of PVA changes along with the temperature, improves the bonding strength between the gel and the surface of stainless steel, has simple and convenient preparation process, and effectively reduces the surface roughness of a non-texture area by utilizing the PVA gel.
The surface layer of the PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece prepared by the material and the process method simultaneously has a first pit-shaped texture and a component texture, and in the process of rubbing the surface of the part with a friction pair, the superposed structure of the shaped texture and the component texture promotes secondary lubrication and assists in taking off wear debris, and meanwhile, micro-hydrodynamic action is generated. The existence of the micro-texture can reduce the contact length between the surface of the workpiece and a friction pair, reduce the friction coefficient, and simultaneously, the micro-texture also plays a role in collecting cutting particles in the cutting process, thereby not only effectively reducing the interface friction and the abrasion, but also effectively prolonging the service life of the stainless steel part.
In the component texture, the antifriction particles are positioned in the center, the wear-resistant particles are positioned outside the antifriction particles, and the wear-resistant particles are in direct contact with the inner surface of the second pit-shaped texture. The two kinds of particles penetrate into the friction contact surface due to extrusion and dragging, so that the direct contact of the two bodies of the friction pair is changed into the two-three-body composite contact, and the friction is changed into a sliding-rolling composite friction form from sliding friction. Due to the existence of the component texture, on one hand, the pinning effect can be formed on the second pit shape texture by using the high-hardness wear-resistant particles, and on the other hand, the support and protection are formed on the middle soft antifriction particles, so that the acting time of the component texture is prolonged.
The PVA-based composite film layer has remarkable advantages in the aspect of preparing the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece, and can be suitable for improving the surface roughness and the surface performance of various irregular surfaces including uneven surfaces by utilizing the ductility and the flexibility of the film layer in a fluid state, so that the limitation of traditional mechanical polishing and surface treatment on the irregular surfaces such as the uneven surfaces is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pit shape texture of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a first dimple-shaped texture and a component texture of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the friction reducing particles and the wear resistant particles in the first embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the friction reducing particles and the wear resistant particles in example three of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, the PVA-based composite film layer 2 on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece 1 according to the present invention includes a bottom layer 21 and a surface layer 22, wherein the bottom layer 21 is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer 22 is a PVA gel surface layer having a first pit-shaped texture 221 and a component texture 222 at the same time, the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture 223 includes anti-friction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225.
The surface roughness of the PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece is not more than 1 micrometer except for the areas of the pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 223.
The surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece substrate 1 is completely covered by the PVA-based composite film layer 2.
The depth of the dimple-shaped texture 221 is no more than 10 microns.
The area of constituent texture 223 is flush with the surface of the composite film layer 2 that does not include the area of dimple-shaped texture 222.
As another alternative, the height of the composition texture 223 area is lower than the surface of the composite film layer 2 that does not include the pit-shaped texture 222 area.
The wear particles 225 in the composition texture 223 are located outside of the friction reducing particles 224.
A preparation method of a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece: preparing a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece 1 by adopting a metal 3D printer;
(2) preparing a PVA gel bottom layer 21 directly on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1: preparing PVA gel, directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer 21 on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1 obtained in the previous step, controlling the average height of the PVA gel bottom layer 21 not to exceed the highest outline peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1 as a standard, and leaving a chance for a subsequent PVA gel surface layer 22 to be in direct contact with a part of a substrate, thereby improving the bonding strength of the PVA gel;
(3) preparing a PVA gel surface pit-shaped texture 221: when the PVA gel bottom layer 21 obtained in the last step is converted from a fluid state into a semisolid state, laying the PVA gel on the surface layer again, and controlling the surface of the PVA gel surface layer 22 not to be lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1 as a standard so that the surface of the stainless steel substrate is basically covered by the PVA-based composite film layer; when the surface PVA gel is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, a method of mechanically pressing the surface PVA gel into the surface PVA gel by adopting a smooth pressing head and maintaining the pressure until the PVA gel is completely solidified is adopted to obtain a first pit-shaped texture 221 and a second pit-shaped texture 222 which are uniformly distributed;
(4) preparation of PVA gel surface component texture 223: preparing antifriction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225, uniformly filling the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225 into the second pit-shaped texture 222 obtained in the previous step at intervals according to a regular arrangement method, compacting to form a component texture, and then performing treatment of local extrusion and local heating and resolidification on a component texture 223 area to enable the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225 to be well combined with the second pit-shaped texture 222, so that the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed;
(5) finishing of PVA gel skin layer 22: the PVA gel surface layer 22 is finished mechanically to remove individual sharp protrusions. In order to better adjust and control the surface roughness of the PVA film, the surface appearance can be adjusted in the step by combining a local reheating mode, so that the roughness of the PVA-based composite film on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece 1 meets the application requirement.
Further, in the step (4), the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225 in the area of the component texture 223 completely fill the corresponding second pit-shaped texture 222 or pits still exist in the center of the component texture 223.
The friction reducing particles 224 and wear resistant particles 225 in the area of composition texture 223 are first prepared as a compact and then placed into the second dimple-shaped texture 222.
The process of the invention is described in further detail below by way of preferred examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.
Example one
The PVA-based composite film layer 2 for the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1 through 3D printing comprises a bottom layer 21 and a surface layer 22, wherein the bottom layer 21 is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer 22 is a PVA gel surface layer which is provided with a first pit-shaped texture 221 and a component texture 222 at the same time, the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture 223 contains antifriction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 3, preparing pit-shaped texture on the PVA gel surface layer 22: heating the PVA gel bottom layer 21-60 ℃ obtained in the previous step, standing and cooling at room temperature, laying the PVA hydrogel on the surface layer again when the hydrogel is converted from a fluid state into a semisolid state, and controlling the surface of the hydrogel surface layer 22 not lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1 as the standard; the surface layer hydrogel is physically cooled, when the surface layer hydrogel is converted from a fluid state into a semisolid state, a smooth pressing head is adopted to mechanically press the surface layer PVA gel into the surface layer PVA gel, the pressing depth is 8 microns, and a first circular pit-shaped texture 221 and a second square pit-shaped texture 222 which are uniformly distributed as shown in figure 2 are obtained. The texture density ranges of the circular first pit-shaped texture 221 and the square second pit-shaped texture 222 are both 5% -40%, and the shapes of the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the second pit-shaped texture 222 can be selected from circular, square, oval, triangular or hexagonal shapes according to needs.
And 4, step 4: preparation of PVA gel surface component texture 223: preparing a composite component texture of the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225, wherein MoS can be selected as the component of the antifriction particles 2242At least one of solid lubricating particles such as Cu and graphene, and the wear-resistant particles 225 can be at least one of hard wear-resistant particles such as nano-diamond and tungsten carbide; preparing composite particles with the antifriction particles 224 positioned in the center and the wear-resistant particles 225 positioned outside the antifriction particles 224, preparing the particles into a briquetting, as shown in fig. 3, according to a regular arrangement method, uniformly filling the particles at intervals into the square second pit-shaped texture 222 obtained in the previous step, compacting to form a component texture 223, then locally extruding the component texture 223 area by using a smooth plane press head, and performing local heating and resolidifying treatment, so that the antifriction particles 224, the wear-resistant particles 225 and the second pit-shaped texture 222 are well combined, the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the structure formed by overlapping the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 222 can effectively promote secondary lubrication and store abrasive dust, thereby avoiding three-body wear and further prolonging the service life of the stainless steel workpiece 1.
And 5: and (3) flattening the surface of the PVA gel by adopting a press machine, and removing individual sharp protrusions. In the process, the treatment can be carried out in a manner of matching with local heating according to the requirement.
The prepared PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece has a first pit texture 221 and a component texture 223, the textures are alternately and uniformly distributed, and as shown in FIG. 4, the component texture 223 comprises antifriction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225. The anti-friction particles 224 in the component texture 223 are located at the center, and the wear-resistant particles 225 are located outside the anti-friction particles 224, so that the high-hardness wear-resistant particles 225 can be used for forming a pinning effect on the second pit-shaped texture 222, supporting and protecting the middle soft anti-friction particles 224, and prolonging the acting time of the component texture. The component texture 223 area is flush with the surface of the composite film layer 2 not containing the pit-shaped texture area, that is, the height of the component texture 223 area is flush with the upper surface of the composite film layer 2, and only the area of the first pit texture 221 on the surface of the composite film layer 2 has a sinking space.
Example two
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that step 2 is a preparation step for directly preparing the PVA gel underlayer 21 on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1. In the embodiment, a freeze-thaw physical crosslinking method is adopted for directly preparing the PVA gel composite film layer 2 on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1. Dissolving 15g of PVA in cold water, heating to 75 ℃ until the PVA is completely dissolved, adding boric acid aqueous solution with the PVA mass fraction of 0.5-1%, and quickly stirring for 0.5h to obtain the PVA hydrogel precursor. And (3) preparing a film with the thickness of 40 mu m on the surface of stainless steel by a PVA hydrogel precursor through a casting method. And further processing the film by freeze-thaw physical crosslinking, wherein the freeze-thaw program is set to-18C, 12 h, 15C and 4h respectively, and the number of freeze-thaw cycles is 3 times, so as to prepare the PVA composite film layer 2. The height of the component texture 223 area is lower than the surface of the composite film layer 2 not containing the pit-shaped texture area, that is, the height of the component texture 223 area is lower than the upper surface of the composite film layer 2, so that the component texture 223 area has a sunken space, thereby forming a special area where the component texture and the shape texture coexist, and simultaneously playing a role in improving the tribological performance of the component texture and the shape texture.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 5, this example is different from the first example in the manufacturing steps in that the structures of the friction reducing particles and the wear resistant particles are different in step 4. The composite particles in the embodiment are composed of the antifriction particles 224, the wear-resistant particles 225 and the hollow structures 226, and the hollow structures 226 are designed so that the shape texture still exists in the middle of the component texture 223, which is beneficial to the collection of the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225 at the position after being worn and shed in the friction and wear process, and can continue to play a role in the later period, thereby further improving the antifriction and wear resistance performance.
Claims (10)
- The PVA-based composite film layer for the surface of the stainless steel workpiece for 3D printing is characterized by comprising a bottom layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer is a PVA gel surface layer simultaneously provided with a first pit-shaped texture and a component texture, the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture contains antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles.
- 2. The PVA-based composite film layer of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface of claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the PVA-based composite film layer is no more than 1 micron, excluding the dimple-shaped texture and the component texture regions.
- 3. The PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece is completely covered by the PVA-based composite film layer.
- 4. The PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the pit-shaped texture is not more than 10 microns.
- 5. The PVA-based composite film layer of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface of claim 1, wherein the composition texture area is flush with a surface of the composite film layer that does not comprise the dimple-shaped texture area.
- 6. The PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the height of the composition texture area is lower than the surface of the composite film layer not comprising the pit-shaped texture area.
- 7. The PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the wear resistant particles in the composition texture are located outside the friction reducing particles.
- The preparation method of the PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece through 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:(1) preparing a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece: preparing a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece by adopting a metal 3D printer;(2) directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of a stainless steel workpiece: preparing PVA gel, directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece obtained in the previous step, and controlling the average height of the PVA gel bottom layer not to exceed the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece;(3) preparing a pit-shaped texture on the surface layer of PVA gel: when the PVA gel bottom layer obtained in the last step is converted from a fluid state into a semisolid state, laying the PVA gel on the surface layer again, and controlling the surface of the PVA gel surface layer not to be lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece as a standard; when the surface PVA gel is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, a method of mechanically pressing the surface PVA gel into the surface of the surface PVA gel by adopting a smooth pressing head and maintaining the pressure until the PVA gel is completely solidified is adopted, so that a first pit-shaped texture and a second pit-shaped texture which are uniformly distributed are obtained;(4) preparing a PVA gel surface layer component texture: preparing antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles, uniformly filling the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles into the second pit-shaped texture obtained in the previous step at intervals according to a regular arrangement method, and compacting to form a component texture;(5) finishing of PVA gel surface layer: and finishing the PVA gel surface layer in a mechanical mode.
- 9. The method for preparing the PVA based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 8, wherein in the step (4), the antifriction particles and the wear resistant particles in the texture area completely fill the corresponding second pit-shaped texture or pits still exist in the center of the texture area.
- 10. The method for preparing the PVA based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 8, wherein in the step (4), the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles in the texture composition area are prepared into a compact and then placed into the second pit-shaped texture.
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| CN114959691A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-30 | 北京工商大学 | Surface modification equipment for 3D printing of titanium alloy and surface modification method thereof |
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