CN114191151A

CN114191151A - An osseointegrated implant prosthesis with a combination of porous and solid structures

Info

Publication number: CN114191151A
Application number: CN202111444533.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许猛; 石岩; 姬涛; 赵雪林
Original assignee: Fourth Medical Center General Hospital of Chinese PLA
Current assignee: Fourth Medical Center General Hospital of Chinese PLA
Priority date: 2021-11-30
Filing date: 2021-11-30
Publication date: 2022-03-18

Abstract

The invention discloses an osseointegrated implant prosthesis combining a porous structure and a solid structure, which comprises a central solid layer and an outer layer; wherein the outer layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the central solid layer; the central solid layer and the outer layer are both made of metal materials. The invention designs the implant into a porous structure to reduce the elastic modulus, but the uniform porous structure can cause the side length of the period of osseointegration and even the normal growth of bone tissue in some pores.

Description

Osseointegration implantation prosthesis combining porous structure and solid structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an osseointegrated implant prosthesis combining a porous structure and a solid structure.

Background

By the end of 2020, the total population of 230 countries in the world reaches 76 hundred million, and with the increasing aging process of population, traumatic diseases are increased continuously, and a large number of people amputate the upper limbs and the lower limbs to keep life due to factors such as industrial injuries, diseases, traffic accidents, wars and the like every year in the world, but the people have the defects of incomplete exercise and walking ability, which seriously affect the work and life of patients, bring great burden to the psychology, family and society of the people, and amputated patients usually need to wear artificial limbs to realize the reconstruction of walking exercise function in order to integrate into normal life and production. Conventional prostheses are shell prostheses that use a socket external to the amputation stump to connect to the prosthesis. The inability of the socket to evenly distribute load bearing to such prostheses is difficult to meet biomechanical requirements and often leads to skin inflammation and even ulceration due to local uneven forces and friction. In addition, because the receiving cavity is closed, local sweating and malodor are often caused, and the life quality of a patient is seriously influenced. A number of disadvantages of shell prostheses has called for clinical and scientific researchers to propose a more biomechanically friendly and convenient prosthesis design as soon as possible. In the 50 s of the 20 th century, professor Branemark, sweden, found that titanium was difficult to remove after some time of insertion into the rabbit femur, and that good anchoring was achieved with bone and metal, he defined this combination as integration of the prosthesis with the bone: i.e. the implant is in permanent bony contact with the living bone tissue. The implanted bone-integrated artificial limb cancels the receiving cavity of the traditional artificial limb, uses the technology of dental implant for reference, one end of the implanted bone-integrated artificial limb is inserted into the inner cavity of the stump bone, and the other end of the implanted bone-integrated artificial limb extends out of the body through the skin and is connected with the artificial limb.

Artificial implants are often used in surgery to replace a patient's failure site. Clinically, the metal material is usually used as an implantation part, comprises titanium alloy, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloy and the like, is mainly used as an artificial joint, a bone substitute and the like, and replaces damaged or diseased hard tissues of a patient.

However, the titanium alloy and the stainless steel material have large elastic modulus and are easy to generate stress shielding effect with human bones, and long-term use also easily causes slippage between the implanted prosthesis and bone tissues to cause difficult integration and easy infection. Therefore, a porous implant prosthesis is produced, and although the porous material solves the problems of stress shielding and the falling-off of the implant body and the bone tissue of a human body, the growth period of the bone tissue of the porous material is long, and the bone tissue in certain pores can not grow, so that great inconvenience is brought to the mind and body of a patient.

Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to provide a metal artificial limb which can improve the integration effect, shorten the integration period and reduce the infection rate, and the artificial limb is prepared by combining a solid structure and a porous structure which are easy to form.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a metal prosthesis combining a solid structure and a porous structure by 3D printing to improve the integration effect, shorten the integration period, reduce the infection rate, and make the preparation of the prosthesis easy to form.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an osseointegrated implant prosthesis of a combination of porous and solid structures comprising a central solid layer and an outer layer;

wherein the outer layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the central solid layer; the central solid layer and the outer layer are both made of metal materials.

Furthermore, a plurality of pores are irregularly arranged on the outer layer.

Further, the porosity of the outer layer is 20% to 80%.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the proposal can lead the elastic modulus of the osseointegrated artificial limb to be close to that of human bones, enhance the integration firmness of bone tissues and the artificial limb and avoid the occurrence of stress shielding effect.

Further, the central solid layer and the outer layer are both cylindrical structures, and the radius ratio of bottom surface circles of the central solid layer to the bottom surface circles of the outer layer is 1: 1.5-5.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the above-mentioned limit can shorten the integration period and raise the integration efficiency compared with porous material.

Furthermore, the material of the central solid layer and the material of the outer layer are both metal materials.

Furthermore, the metal material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-100% of tantalum and 0-80% of other metals.

Still further, the other metal is one or more of titanium, cobalt and iron.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the metal tantalum adopted by the invention has good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and osseointegration, and the combination of the tantalum and other metals can utilize the advantages of the tantalum and can also reduce the cost.

Further, the osseointegration implant prosthesis combining the porous structure and the solid structure is prepared in a 3D printing mode.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the 3D printing can accurately control the porosity of the osseointegration prosthesis and the shape and size of the osseointegration, and the qualification rate of finished products is improved.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention designs the implant into a porous structure to reduce the elastic modulus, but the uniform porous structure can cause the side length of the period of osseointegration and even the normal growth of bone tissue in some pores.

The metal artificial limb with the solid and porous structure, which is prepared by 3D printing, can effectively improve the integration effect, shorten the integration period, reduce the infection rate and enable the artificial limb to be easily molded.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an implant prosthesis according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing apparatus employed in the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Examples

wherein, the outer layer is wrapped on the outer surface of the central solid layer; the central solid layer and the outer layer are both made of metal materials.

In one embodiment, the outer layer is irregularly provided with a plurality of pores.

In another embodiment, the porosity of the outer layer is between 20% and 80%.

In one embodiment, the central solid layer and the outer layer are both cylindrical structures, and the ratio of the radius of the bottom surface circle of the central solid layer to the radius of the bottom surface circle of the outer layer is 1: 1.5-5.

In one embodiment, the central solid layer and the outer layer are both made of metal material.

In another embodiment, the metal material is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-100% of tantalum and 0-80% of other metals.

Example 1

Adopting a 3D printing method to prepare the osseointegration implantation prosthesis combining the porous and solid structures made of metal materials, wherein the metal materials comprise: 20% of tantalum, 20% of titanium, 20% of cobalt and 40% of iron, the porosity of the outer layer is 30%, the radius ratio of the bottom circles of the central solid layer and the outer layer is 1:3, the diameter of the outer layer is 10mm, and the elastic modulus is 38.2 GPa.

Example 2

Adopting a 3D printing method to prepare the osseointegration implantation prosthesis combining the porous and solid structures made of metal materials, wherein the metal materials comprise: the porosity of the outer layer is 40%, the radius ratio of the bottom circles of the central solid layer and the outer layer is 1:4, the diameter of the outer layer is 20mm, and the elastic modulus is 36.6 GPa.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An osseointegrated implant prosthesis of a combination of porous and solid structures comprising a central solid layer and an outer layer;

2. An osseointegrated implant prosthesis of claim 1 in combination with a porous and solid structure, wherein the outer layer is irregular with a plurality of pores.

3. An osseointegrated implant prosthesis of claim 2 in which the porosity of the outer layer is between 20% and 80%.

4. An osseointegrated implant prosthesis combining porous and solid structures according to claim 1, wherein the central solid layer and outer layer are of cylindrical configuration and the ratio of the radii of the circles on the bases of the central solid layer and outer layer is 1: 1.5-5.

5. An osseointegrated implant prosthesis of claim 1 in which the central solid layer and outer layer are both of a metallic material.

6. An osseointegrated implant prosthesis with a combination of porous and solid structures according to claim 5, characterized in that the metallic material consists of the following raw materials in mass percent: 20-100% of tantalum and 0-80% of other metals.

7. An osseointegrated implant prosthesis of a porous and solid structure in combination according to claim 5, wherein the other metal is one or more of titanium, cobalt, iron in combination.

8. The porous and solid configuration combined osseointegrated implant prosthesis of claim 1, wherein the porous and solid configuration combined osseointegrated implant prosthesis is prepared by 3D printing.