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CN1141835C - Method for protecting multimedia video data - Google Patents

Method for protecting multimedia video data Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1141835C
CN1141835C CNB021151067A CN02115106A CN1141835C CN 1141835 C CN1141835 C CN 1141835C CN B021151067 A CNB021151067 A CN B021151067A CN 02115106 A CN02115106 A CN 02115106A CN 1141835 C CN1141835 C CN 1141835C
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frame
watermark
video
dimensional
perform
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CN1377180A (en
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刘红梅
黄继武
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for protecting multimedia video data, which is a kind of digital watermark technology based on wavelet transformation and digital communication technology and belongs to the field of multimedia signal processing. The present invention comprises the following steps that the video data is decomposed by means of the wavelet transformation; a watermark is preprocessed by the digital communication technology; a wavelet transformation domain is embedded with the watermark; video data embedded with the watermark is obtained through inverse wavelet transformation. Compared with the original video data, human eyes can not distinguish both differences and a digital watermark provides a distinguishable means for the problem, wherein the watermark can be any meaningful digital file. The present invention can protect the video data or the files propagated through Internet.

Description

A kind of method of protecting multimedia video data
The present invention relates to a kind of multimedia video data guard method, is a kind of digital watermark technology based on wavelet transformation, digital communication technology, belongs to field of multimedia signal processing.
In recent years, digital watermark technology had embodied its importance in many applications, and had obtained paying attention to widely.Although the research of present most of data hiddens and document concentrate on image watermark, digital video watermarking and Information Hiding Techniques also are being subjected to increasing attention.
The type that hides Info in the digital watermarking algorithm can be a random sequence, also can be significant content (as text, image, video, audio frequency etc.).The watermark that is made of the former can only provide the answer of " watermark is arranged " or " no watermark ", the secret information of lbit also promptly only is provided, thereby its application is restricted.In most of application scenarios, the information that requires to embed is readable or visual, as meaningful character string (possessory name, address, sign etc.), image (trade mark, seal etc.), video (scene that has the TV user of certain access rights just can see) etc., therefore meaningful data hiding has application scenario widely.
Digital watermarking algorithm can be divided into two classes: need the private system of original media and do not need the publicly-owned system of original media.Usually, because the auxiliary of original media arranged, the robustness of private system is better than blind-detection system, yet because in most of application scenarios, difficulty is all compared in obtaining of original media, makes blind-detection system have more applications and be worth.Because the huge data volume of video, Blind Detect Algorithm is even more important for video watermark.
The video watermark algorithm is divided into two kinds according to watermarked data field: compression domain algorithm and uncompressed domain algorithm.Wherein most of algorithm belongs to the latter.It is main that present most video watermark algorithms adopt random sequence, less even significant watermarking algorithm also exists the hiding data amount, and sane inadequately deficiency.One of them famous method is a kind of direct method watermarked in non-compression video that Hartungand Girod proposes, and for ntsc video, the data transfer rate of watermark is 528byte/s, and the data that every frame can embed are 17.6byte.Do not having under the situation under attack, the bit error rate that detects data is 5 * 10 -7Watermarking algorithm on another famous compressed video territory is that Hartung andGirod proposes, and for ntsc video, watermarked data transfer rate is several bytes each second, and when the MPEG-2 compressed bit stream was 7Mbps, bit error rate (BER) was 5 * 10 -3In addition, existing most of video watermark algorithm directly expands to video with the algorithm on the image and obtains.Therefore lack effective frame synchronizing, the performance that the antagonism time shaft is attacked a little less than.
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of multimedia signal dispose method, make the detection that hides Info not need original media; Reduced the error rate of the information that detects; Solve the distinctive robustness problem of video watermark simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the inventive method adopts following watermark to embed and extract two processes, the watermark embed process step is as follows: 1) luminance component with every frame in the video sequence carries out 3 grades of 2-D DWT (Discrete WaveletTransform), extracts DWT low frequency sub-band coefficient; 2) error correction coding is carried out in watermark; 3) the DWT low frequency sub-band coefficient of each frame of video carries out 3-D (Dimension) and interweaves; 4) in the DWT low frequency sub-band coefficient after pretreated digital watermarking is embedded into 3-D interweaves; 5) the DWT low frequency sub-band coefficient after the embed digital watermark being carried out the 3-D reciprocal cross knits; 6) four jiaos at low frequency sub-band coefficient figure embed the synchronizing informations of passing through error correction codings; 7) wavelet inverse transformation obtains watermarked frame of video;
The watermark extraction process step is as follows: 1) luminance component with every frame in the video sequence carries out 3 grades of 2-D DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform), extracts DWT low frequency sub-band coefficient; 2) extract synchronizing information and decoding, recover synchronously according to synchronizing information; 3) the DWT low frequency sub-band coefficient of each frame of video carries out 3-D (Dimension) and interweaves; 4) extract the information that embeds; 5) carry out error-correcting decoding, obtain watermark.
Watermark can be the digital document of text, numeral, figure or signature, by certain scanning sequency it is formed the data of one dimension when embedding.
Below the inventive method is further described.
Watermark embed process of the present invention is:
1) luminance component with every frame in the video sequence carries out 3 grades of 2-D DWT conversion, obtains 10 subbands
{ LH i, HL i, HH i, LL 3, i=1-3}, wherein LL 3Subband is that the low pass of original video frame is approximate, and the present invention selects LL 3
Sub-band coefficients embeds information;
2) watermark W is carried out the BCH error correction coding, generate X.The present invention adopts the BCH code of (r, 8) form,
Wherein r represents that BCH code is long.The present invention is with a code book with 256 BCH code words, S m, 0≤m<256,
Come 256 probable values of a corresponding byte.Treat each byte W of hiding data i, corresponding in the set of signals
A prototype signal S m, be mapped as a BCH code word: W i &RightArrow; BCHcoding X i { x ij ; x ij &Element; { 0,1 } , 0 &le; j < r }
Compromise capacity and the error correcting capability of considering frame of video of definite needs of r.R is big more, the Hamming distance between two code words
From big more, error correcting capability is strong more, but suppressible data volume can be more little simultaneously.It is 61 that the present invention selects r.With
Hexadecimal representation, the generator polynomial of BCH is:
g(z)={2759262D5D?506D}
According to the error correction coding principle, the Hamming distance between above-mentioned any two BCH code words is 27, can correct 13
Individual random error.X{X iCan regard a bit stream as.
3) at every frame LL 3Sub-band coefficients figure extracts at the middle part coefficient block of a N * N, and wherein N is 2 power power,
Again the coefficient block of N frame is put together, form the three-dimensional coefficient block B of a N * N * N, such one
Three-dimensional coefficient block adopts three-dimensional sliding window interweaving method to interweave, the N * N * N coefficient that has obtained interweaving
Piece B '.If what embed is significant information, but not random sequence, then frame losing or large-scale video cut
Disconnected, the continuous mistake (information bit of many embeddings has all been lost) of the position that will cause hiding Info is corresponding to communication
In burst error.The interweaving encoding technology is the effective ways of opposing burst error in the communication theory.So this
Bright introducing 3-D interleaving technology is to strengthen the robustness of watermark signal to antiburst error.
4) X is embedded among the B ' successively by bit, generates B "; The present invention proposes with representative information bit " 0 " to be embedded
Minimum 4 significance bits of the value displacement wavelet conversion coefficient integer part of " 1 ".Wherein representative information position " 1 "
The value of " 0 " is respectively " 1100b " and " 0100b ".If watermark image meets with to attack distortion appears, only
The variation of wavelet coefficient of wanting hiding data is in-4~3 scope, and then embedding data can correctly be examined
Measure.
5) " carry out the 3-D reciprocal cross and knit, the reciprocal cross organization method is identical with deinterleaving method with B;
6) will carry out with the frame number fn of a byte representation as BCH error correction coding identical in the step 2, generation length is
The fn ' of 61 bits, and in four jiaos of embeddings of the low frequency sub-band coefficient figure of each frame.The present invention uses respectively
Minimum 5 significance bits of " 11000b " and " 01000b " displacement wavelet conversion coefficient embed the synchronizing information position
" 0 " and " 1 ".
7) wavelet inverse transformation obtains watermarked frame of video.
The leaching process of watermark does not need original video among the present invention, and step is as follows:
1)DWT。The luminance component of each frame of video to be detected is carried out 3 grades of wavelet decomposition obtain 10 subbands.
Select the low frequency sub-band coefficient.
2) extract synchronizing information, recover frame synchronization.Extract 61 coefficients of each frame DWT low frequency sub-band four angle part
The 5th least significant bit of integer part carries out BCH decoding then and obtains frame number as synchronizing information.
According to the principle that frame number increases progressively the order of each frame is adjusted.If adjusting the frame number of adjacent two frames in back is respectively
I and J, if J-I ≠ 1, the LL of I frame 3The LL of I frame and J frame is gone in the subband interpolation 3Between the subband, repeat
J-I-1 time, with realize correct synchronously.
3) 3-D interweaves.Extract the piece of N * N in the LL3 wavelet coefficient that Synchronous Processing is crossed, wherein N is 2 power
Power, the piece of the N * N of N frame is formed the three-dimensional coefficient block B of a N * N * N *, to B *Carry out 3-D
Interweave, generate B *
4) detect the actual information that embeds.Note coef *Be B *In wavelet coefficient to be detected, x *For detecting the watermark letter
Breath.Coef *The 4th significance bit of integer part of absolute value promptly be x *, all x *Form bit stream
x **
5) BCH decoding.If embedding data is character strings, then with x *Be divided into length and be 61 subsequence, right
Pass through at S in each subfamily mThe code word of middle search and its Hamming distance minimum can obtain the watermark word
Joint.
The present invention and existing video watermark technology relatively have following advantage:
1), rises as BCH chnnel coding, 3-D interleaving technology and simultaneous techniques combination with the technology in the digital communication theory
Introduce in the video watermark algorithm, reduced the error rate of the information that detects.
2) a kind of effective frame synchronizing has been proposed.Make the testing process can motor synchronizing, resisting video watermark effectively may
Attack on the time shaft that suffers is as frame losing, frame exchange, frame replacement etc.
3) data volume of the algorithm embedding of the present invention's proposition is bigger, and robustness is fine.For the CIF layout sequence, but every frame embedding
Go into about 16.8 bytes (redundancy section that does not comprise Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem Code).In the experiment, we are 352 * 288 of 96 frames
Sequence in, embedded 1150 characters.Under the situation of not attacked, watermarked can zero defect
Be restored.The robustness of watermarked video sequence behind the MPEG-2 coding is: smaller for motion
The Salesman sequence, when compression bit rate is 2.7Mb, CR (CompressionRatio)=11.16,
During PSNR=41.12dB, can detect the character string of embedding zero defect.For complicated movement, range of movement
Bigger Mobile sequence, when compression bit rate is 6Mb, CR=5.07, during PSNR=37.19dB, can indifference
Detect the character string of embedding wrongly.
Fig. 1-the 5th, the experimental result picture of video standard cycle tests Salesman and Mobile (every frame sign is 352 * 288, totally 96 frames).Watermark is that length is the text of 1150 bytes.
Fig. 1 is the digital watermarking figure of the video watermark algorithm that proposes of the present invention to video sequence Salesman.
Fig. 2 is the digital watermarking figure of the video watermark algorithm that proposes of the present invention to video sequence Mobile.
Fig. 3 is the robustness resolution chart (transverse axis be frame loss rate, the longitudinal axis be character error rate) of the video watermark algorithm that proposes of the present invention to frame losing.
(a) among the Salesman watermark to the robustness of continuous frame losing; (b) among the Salesman watermark to the robustness of interval frame losing.
Fig. 4 is that the video watermark algorithm that the present invention proposes is tested (transverse axis is a frame loss rate, and the longitudinal axis is a character error rate) to the robustness of frame losing
(a) among the Mobile watermark to the robustness of continuous frame losing; (b) among the Mobile watermark to the robustness of interval frame losing.
Fig. 5 is the robustness (transverse axis be the average peak signal to noise ratio of decoded video, the longitudinal axis be character error rate) of the video watermark algorithm that proposes of the present invention to the MPEG-2 coding
(a) robustness that watermark is encoded to MPEG-2 to watermark among robustness (b) Mobile of MPEG-2 coding among the Salesman.
Among Fig. 1, (a) be the original graph of the 20th frame of Salesman sequence, watermarked frame of video is presented among Fig. 1 (b), and its PSNR (Peak Signal Noise Ratio) is 49.23dB.The frame that has embedded watermark as seen from the figure visually with primitive frame insentience difference.Satisfy the requirement of invisibility.
Among Fig. 2, (a) be the original graph of the 17th frame of Mobile sequence, watermarked frame of video effect is presented among Fig. 2 (b), and its PSNR (Peak Signal Noise Ratio) is 49.26dB.The frame that has embedded watermark as seen from the figure visually with primitive frame insentience difference.Satisfy the requirement of invisibility.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively the watermark detection performance after Salesman and the frame losing of Mobile video sequence.Watermark embed process in the by specification obtains watermark video, then frame losing.Divide continuous frame losing and frame losing at interval.If one group is made up of 32 frames, then frame loss rate is:
Fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) have shown that respectively Salesman detects the character error rate of the watermark that obtains under the various frame loss rates of frame losing and frame losing at interval continuously.Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) have shown that respectively Mobile detects the character error rate of the watermark that obtains under the various frame loss rates of frame losing and frame losing at interval continuously.Contrasted employing 3-D interleaving technology among each figure (among Fig. 3 (a) and 4 (a) corresponding to interleave consecutive frame loss, among Fig. 3 (b) and 4 (b) corresponding to interleavediscrete flame loss) and the robustness when not adopting interleaving technology (among Fig. 3 (a) and 4 (a) corresponding to original consecutiveflame loss, among Fig. 3 (b) and 4 (b) corresponding to original discrete frame loss).As seen from the figure
1) for continuous frame losing, in fr<0.5 o'clock, the robustness that adopts the 3-D interleaving technology when not adopting interleaving technology has bright
Show and improve.After adopting 3-D to interweave, in 32 frames continuously the number of lost frames greater than 12 o'clock, detected watermark
Just go wrong.
2), similarly, in fr<0.5 o'clock, adopt the 3-D interleaving technology all when not adopting interleaving technology for the interval frame losing
Robustness has clear improvement.
3) when the attack of antagonism on the time shaft, utilizing synchronizing information to recover on the synchronous basis, adopt the algorithm that interweaves than not
Robustness when employing interweaves algorithm has clear improvement.And experiment shows that method that the present invention proposes is for the frame losing tool
Good robustness is arranged.
Fig. 5 is the robustness test result of the method that proposes of the present invention to the MPEG-2 compression.For the Salesman sequence, when compression bit rate is 2.7Mb, CR=11.16 during PSNR=41.12dB, can detect the character string of embedding zero defect.When compression multiple was within 13.81 times, the character error rate of the character string of detected embedding was less than 1%.Fig. 5 (a) has provided sane performance curve.For the Mobile sequence, when compression bit rate is 6Mb, CR=5.07 during PSNR=37.19dB, can detect the character string of embedding zero defect.Fig. 5 (b) has provided sane performance curve.By experimental result as can be known, the method for the present invention's proposition is better than some existed algorithms for the robustness of MPEG-2 coding.
Common processing also has the spatial domain to amplify to video watermark.The algorithm that this paper proposes after watermarked video sequence is exaggerated, the information that detects embedding that can zero defect.

Claims (3)

1、一种保护多媒体视频数据的方法,其特征在于该方法采用如下的水印嵌入和提取两个过程,水印嵌入过程步骤如下:1)将视频序列中每帧的亮度分量进行3级2维DWT,抽取DWT低频子带系数;2)将水印进行纠错编码;3)视频各帧的DWT低频子带系数进行3维交织;4)将步骤2中预处理后的数字水印嵌入到3维交织后的DWT低频子带系数中;5)将嵌入数字水印之后的DWT低频子带系数进行3维反交织;6)在低频子带系数图的四角嵌入经过纠错编码的同步信息;7)小波逆变换得到嵌入水印的视频帧;1, a kind of method for protecting multimedia video data, it is characterized in that the method adopts following two processes of watermark embedding and extracting, the watermark embedding process step is as follows: 1) carry out 3 levels of 2-dimensional DWT to the luminance component of each frame in the video sequence , extract the DWT low-frequency sub-band coefficients; 2) perform error correction coding on the watermark; 3) perform 3-dimensional interleaving on the DWT low-frequency sub-band coefficients of each frame of the video; 4) embed the preprocessed digital watermark in step 2 into the 3-dimensional interleaving 5) Perform 3-dimensional deinterleaving on the DWT low-frequency sub-band coefficients after embedding the digital watermark; 6) Embed error-corrected coded synchronization information in the four corners of the low-frequency sub-band coefficient map; 7) Wavelet Inverse transform to get the video frame embedded with watermark; 水印提取过程步骤如下:1)将视频序列中每帧的亮度分量进行3级2维DWT,抽取DWT低频子带系数;2)提取同步信息并进行纠错译码,根据同步信息恢复同步;3)视频各帧的DWT低频子带系数进行3维交织;4)提取嵌入的信息;5)进行纠错译码,得到水印。The steps of the watermark extraction process are as follows: 1) Perform 3-level 2-dimensional DWT on the luminance component of each frame in the video sequence, and extract the DWT low-frequency sub-band coefficients; 2) Extract the synchronization information and perform error correction decoding, and restore synchronization according to the synchronization information; 3 ) The DWT low-frequency sub-band coefficients of each frame of the video are interleaved in 3 dimensions; 4) Extract the embedded information; 5) Perform error correction decoding to obtain the watermark. 2、根据权利要求1所述的一种保护多媒体视频数据的方法,其特征是水印嵌入过程步骤如下:1)对视频序列中每帧的亮度分量进行3级2维DWT,得到10个子带{LHi,HLi,HHi,LL3,i=1-3},其中LL3子带是原始视频帧的低通近似,选择LL3子带系数嵌入信息;2)将待嵌入的水印W进行BCH纠错编码,将原始信号集中的一个原型信号,映射到一个BCH码字,得到W′,用比特流表示;3)在每帧LL3子带系数中部抽取一个N×N的2维系数块,再将N帧的系数块放在一起,形成一个N×N×N的3维系数块B,对这样一个3维系数块进行3维滑动窗交织,得到交织了的N×N×N系数块B′;4)依次扫描B′中的系数和W′中的信息位,通过修改系数整数部分的最低4个有效位的值嵌入信息位;5)采用相同的3维滑动窗交织算法对N×N×N系数块进行反交织;6)在LL3子带的四角嵌入经过BCH编码的视频帧号作为同步信息;7)通过2维IDWT得到嵌入水印的各视频帧;水印提取过程步骤如下:1)对待检测的视频序列中每帧的亮度分量进行3级2维DWT,得到10个子带{LHi,HLi,HHi,LL3,i=1-3},抽取其中LL3子带;2)抽取LL3子带四角嵌入的同步信息,并进行BCH译码,得到视频帧号,根据帧号进行帧插补、帧交换,恢复帧同步;3)在恢复同步的视频各帧的LL3子带系数中部抽取一个N×N的2维系数块,再将N帧的系数块放在一起,形成一个N×N×N的3维系数块B*,对这样一个3维系数块进行3维滑动窗交织,得到交织了的N×N×N系数块B**;4)依次提取系数块B**中系数整数部分的第4个最低有效位作为信息位,得到用比特流表示的W*;5)将W*进行BCH译码,得到可能失真的水印W**2, a kind of method for protecting multimedia video data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the watermark embedding process step is as follows: 1) carry out 3 grades of 2 dimensions DWT to the luminance component of every frame in the video sequence, obtain 10 sub-bands { LH i , HL i , HH i , LL 3 , i=1-3}, wherein the LL 3 subband is a low-pass approximation of the original video frame, and the LL 3 subband coefficients are selected to embed information; 2) the watermark W to be embedded is Perform BCH error correction coding, map a prototype signal in the original signal set to a BCH code word, and obtain W', which is represented by a bit stream; 3) Extract an N×N 2-dimensional system in the middle of the LL 3 sub-band coefficients in each frame Count blocks, and then put the coefficient blocks of N frames together to form a 3D coefficient block B of N×N×N, perform 3D sliding window interleaving on such a 3D coefficient block, and obtain the interleaved N×N× N coefficient block B'; 4) sequentially scan the coefficients in B' and the information bits in W', and embed the information bits by modifying the value of the lowest 4 significant bits of the integer part of the coefficient; 5) use the same 3-dimensional sliding window interleaving The algorithm deinterleaves N×N×N coefficient blocks; 6) Embeds the BCH-encoded video frame number in the four corners of the LL 3 subband as synchronization information; 7) Obtains each video frame embedded with watermark through 2-dimensional IDWT; watermark extraction The process steps are as follows: 1) Perform 3-level 2-dimensional DWT on the luminance component of each frame in the video sequence to be detected to obtain 10 sub-bands {LH i , HL i , HH i , LL 3 , i=1-3}, and extract the LL 3 sub-band; 2) extract the synchronization information embedded in the four corners of the LL 3 sub-band, and perform BCH decoding to obtain the video frame number, perform frame interpolation and frame exchange according to the frame number, and restore frame synchronization; 3) when restoring synchronization An N×N 2-dimensional coefficient block is extracted from the middle part of the LL 3 sub-band coefficients of each frame of the video, and then the coefficient blocks of N frames are put together to form a N×N×N 3-dimensional coefficient block B * . For such a The 3-dimensional coefficient block is interleaved with a 3-dimensional sliding window to obtain an interleaved N×N×N coefficient block B ** ; 4) sequentially extracting the fourth least significant bit of the integer part of the coefficient in the coefficient block B ** as an information bit, Obtain W * represented by bit stream; 5) Decode W * with BCH to obtain possibly distorted watermark W ** . 3、根据权利要求1或2所述的一种保护多媒体视频数据的方法,其特征是将视频每帧的帧号作为同步信息嵌入视频中,提取过程中利用该信息进行自同步。3. A method for protecting multimedia video data according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame number of each frame of the video is embedded in the video as synchronization information, and the information is used for self-synchronization during the extraction process.
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CN103854250A (en) * 2014-03-17 2014-06-11 广东石油化工学院 Self-synchronizing image watermarking method applied to wireless multimedia sensor network
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