CN114057476A - 一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,属于瓷砖生产技术领域,包括如下步骤:进行取料,选取足量的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂,取砂料与胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨;本发明通过在瓷砖配方内适当提高氧化铝的含量,同时添加适量的胚体增强剂,可有效降低制备的瓷砖的变形度,提高材料的高温抗变形能力及干燥强度,同时降低胚体的热膨胀系数,使后期材料和釉的膨胀系数更加匹配,保证釉面质量,提高釉面成型速率,同时设置有对于浆料的过筛与多次的去铁过程,过筛可有效除去球磨时没有磨细的粗颗粒和一些杂质,多次除铁可有效避免瓷砖表面形成黑点、熔洞、杂质等缺陷的情况,同时保证瓷砖的白度,提高瓷砖质量,提高该方法的应用效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于瓷砖生产技术领域,尤其涉及一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺。
背景技术
瓷砖是一种常见的建筑材料,在进行装修时,对于墙面与地面都需要贴瓷砖,贴服的瓷砖可对于墙体与地面起到良好的装饰以及保护的作用,瓷砖根据其质量的不同也会进行分类,瓷砖主要的原材料为粘土与石英砂等等。
针对瓷砖生产工艺的研究,中国专利(CN201611011767.X)公开了一种瓷砖生产工艺,将原料倒入研磨机中进行研磨,并在搅拌机中进行搅拌,以提高原料的均匀程度,加入水进行搅拌,水的质量为原料质量的34%—37%;搅拌时间为0.5h—1h;以将原料搅拌为流体状态,便于成型。
中国专利(CN202010924724.0)还公开了一种瓷砖生产工艺,该方法能够针对泥浆颗粒进行对流式干燥处理,通过干燥塔配合收集单元使得泥浆颗粒在高温气体的冲击下完成干燥;该方法能够将泥浆颗粒进行多级干燥,且能够将干燥完成的泥浆颗粒统一收集。但现有的瓷砖生产技术,无法有效降低瓷砖的变形量,瓷砖的高温抗变形能力及干燥强度有待进一步提升,同时由于胚体的热膨胀系数与釉的膨胀系数不匹配,导致瓷砖质量不佳。
进一步的,在现有技术中,胚体增强剂的组分含量一般在1%以下,并且实验证明在一定范围内胚体增强剂的含量越高其陶瓷的表面硬度越强,但是如果超过一定范围,由于砂料与胚体在研磨、混合与干燥不充分的条件下,由于胚体干燥强度不够,干燥不均匀,会导致胚体研磨干燥后的粉料颗粒距离增大,以至于陶瓷成型后颗粒距离增大,反而降低陶瓷的强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:为了解决现有的瓷砖生产技术,无法有效降低瓷砖的变形量,瓷砖的高温抗变形能力及干燥强度有待进一步提升,同时由于胚体的热膨胀系数与釉的膨胀系数不匹配,导致瓷砖质量不佳的问题,而提出的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1、进行取料,选取足量的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂;
S2、取所述砂料与所述部分胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨,在球磨过程中按批次多次加入胚体与砂料,以上批次按照等差数列的方式,先少量加入,然后逐渐增加加入量,当加入量到达预先设定的阈值时,再逐渐减小加入量,进而达到充分研磨,一段时间后,加入一定量的水,对于混合料进行混合成浆;
S3、成浆后,加入所述胚体增强剂,继续进行混合一段时间得到混合浆料;
S4、将所述混合浆料导入浆池内,对于所述混合浆料进行过筛,过筛后对于所述混合浆料进行多次去铁;
S5、将去铁后的所述混合浆料导入至匀质装置内进行均匀化处理得到均匀化浆料;
S6、将所述均匀化浆料导入干燥塔内,同时干燥塔内导入高温热风,热风风向与所述均匀化浆料的导入方向相反,产生对流,高温热风为螺旋风向吹入,并保证其于浆料的吹入角度锐角,在浆料干燥过程中进一步将其打散匀化,对于所述均匀化浆料进行充分干燥,形成粉料;
S7、将干燥后的所述粉料导入料仓内,存放一段时间;
S8、将所述粉料导入至压制成型装置内进行压制成型为压制料;
S9、成型后,将含有一定水分的所述压制料置于分区干燥线上进行干燥,并保持所述压制料内一定的水份含量;
S10、将所述压制料取出,静置一段时间后,对其表面进行上釉得到半成品釉面瓷砖;
S11、将所述半成品釉面瓷砖置于烧结炉内,对其进行最终烧制;
S12、烧制完成,取出成品瓷砖即可。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S1中,添加的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂的重量份数分别为50-70份、80-90份、40-50份与10-15份,所述泥料包括黑泥与白泥,所述黑泥用于提高材料的可塑性,所述白泥用于提高材料的白度,所述砂料为SiO2,所述胚体为Al2O3、CaO、MgO与KNaO的混合料,所述胚体增强剂为羧甲基纤维素钠。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S2中,取所述砂料与所述胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨,所述预先设定的阈值为原料总质量的75-85%;20-30min后,加入所述砂料与所述胚体质量总和的38%-46%的水,对于混合料进行混合成浆。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S3中,成浆后,加入所述胚体增强剂,继续混合10-20min得到混合浆料。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S4中,将所述混合浆料导入浆池内,对于所述混合浆料进行过筛,过筛后对于所述混合浆料进行四次去铁。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S6中,将所述均匀化浆料导入干燥塔内,同时干燥内导入550-650℃的热风,热风风向与所述均匀化浆料的导入方向相反,产生对流,对于所述均匀化浆料进行充分干燥,形成粉料。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S7中,将干燥后的所述粉料导入料仓内,存放1-2d,使干燥后的所述粉料内的残留水分均匀化。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S9中,成型后,将含有一定水分的所述压制料置于分区干燥线上进行干燥,分区干燥线上设置三种温度,分别为220℃、270℃与320℃,并保持所述压制料内的3-5%水份含量。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S10中,将所述压制料取出,静置2-3h后,对其表面进行上釉。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述:
所述S11中,将所述半成品釉面瓷砖置于烧结炉内,在1120-1280℃温度条件下,对其进行最终烧制。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中,通过在瓷砖配方内添加适量的胚体增强剂,可有效降低制备的瓷砖的变形度,提高材料的高温抗变形能力及干燥强度,同时降低胚体的热膨胀系数,使后期材料和釉的膨胀系数更加匹配,保证釉面质量,提高釉面成型速率,胚体增强剂内高分子之间依靠氢键和范德华力形成网状结构,表现出很好的粘结性,在瓷砖生产过程中,在浆料粒子表面形成水化膜,增强浆料的可塑性及胚体的粘结强度,有效提高瓷砖的强度,同时设置有对于浆料的过筛与多次的去铁过程,过筛可有效除去球磨时没有磨细的粗颗粒和一些杂质,多次去铁可有效避免瓷砖表面形成黑点、熔洞、杂质等缺陷的情况,同时保证瓷砖的白度,提高瓷砖质量。
进一步的,由于在球磨时多次加入所述砂料与所述部分胚体,并且按照有规律的先增大后减小的方式进行加料,保证其研磨的均匀性,在降低球磨粒度的同时进一步实现匀料;同时在均匀化浆料导入干燥塔内之后,干燥热风以螺旋状按一定角度吹入,进一步实现浆料的干燥与匀化,进而可以保证陶瓷原料中泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂研磨、混合与干燥的充分研磨,进而增强胚体干的燥强度,保证胚体研磨干燥后的粉料颗粒距离均匀,因此可以一定程度上提高增强胚体的含量从而实现提高陶瓷硬度。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提供一种技术方案:一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1、进行取料,选取足量的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂,其中,泥料有两种分别为黑泥与白泥,黑泥用于提高材料的可塑性,白泥用于提高材料的白度,砂料为SiO2,胚体为Al2O3、CaO、MgO与KNaO的混合料,胚体增强剂为羧甲基纤维素钠,添加的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂的重量份数分别为50份、80份、40份与15份;
S2、取所述砂料与所述部分胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨,在球磨过程中按批次多次加入胚体与砂料,以上批次按照等差数列的方式,先少量加入,然后逐渐增加加入量,当加入量到达预先设定的阈值时,再逐渐减小加入量,进而达到充分研磨,20min后,加入砂料与胚体质量总量的38%的水,对于混合料进行混合成浆;
S3、成浆后,加入胚体增强剂,继续进行混合10min;
S4、将混合浆料导入浆池内,对于浆料进行过筛,过筛后对于浆料进行四次去铁;
S5、将去铁后的浆料导入至匀质装置内,对于浆料进行均匀化处理;
S6、将所述均匀化浆料导入干燥塔内,同时干燥塔内导入高温热风,热风风向与所述均匀化浆料的导入方向相反,产生对流,高温热风为螺旋风向吹入,并保证其于浆料的吹入角度锐角,在浆料干燥过程中进一步将其打散匀化,对于所述均匀化浆料进行充分干燥,形成粉料;
S7、将干燥后的粉料导入料仓内,存放1d,使干燥后的粉料内的残留水分均匀化;
S8、将粉料导入至压制成型装置内,对于粉料进行压制成型;
S9、成型后,将含有一定水分的压制料置于分区干燥线上进行干燥,分区干燥线上分为三种温度,分别为220℃、270℃与320℃,并保持压制料内的3%水份含量;
S10、将压制料取出,静置2h后,对其表面进行上釉;
S11、上釉后,将半成品釉面瓷砖置于烧结炉内,在1120℃条件下进行最终烧制;
S12、烧制完成,取出成品瓷砖即可。
实施例2
本发明提供一种技术方案:一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1、进行取料,选取足量的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂,其中,泥料有两种分别为黑泥与白泥,黑泥用于提高材料的可塑性,白泥用于提高材料的白度,砂料为SiO2,胚体为Al2O3、CaO、MgO与KNaO的混合料,胚体增强剂为羧甲基纤维素钠,添加的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂的重量份数分别为60份、85份、45份与13份;
S2、取所述砂料与所述部分胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨,在球磨过程中按批次多次加入胚体与砂料,以上批次按照等差数列的方式,先少量加入,然后逐渐增加加入量,当加入量到达预先设定的阈值时,再逐渐减小加入量,进而达到充分研磨,25min后,加入砂料与胚体质量总量42%的水,对于混合料进行混合成浆;
S3、成浆后,加入胚体增强剂,继续进行混合15min;
S4、将混合浆料导入浆池内,对于浆料进行过筛,过筛后对于浆料进行四次去铁;
S5、将去铁后的浆料导入至匀质装置内,对于浆料进行均匀化处理;
S6、将所述均匀化浆料导入干燥塔内,同时干燥塔内导入高温热风,热风风向与所述均匀化浆料的导入方向相反,产生对流,高温热风为螺旋风向吹入,并保证其于浆料的吹入角度锐角,在浆料干燥过程中进一步将其打散匀化,对于所述均匀化浆料进行充分干燥,形成粉料;
S7、将干燥后的粉料导入料仓内,存放1-2d,使干燥后的粉料内的残留水分均匀化;
S8、将粉料导入至压制成型装置内,对于粉料进行压制成型;
S9、成型后,将含有一定水分的压制料置于分区干燥线上进行干燥,分区干燥线上分为三种温度,分别为220℃、270℃与320℃,并保持压制料内的3-5%水份含量;
S10、将压制料取出,静置2-3h后,对其表面进行上釉;
S11、上釉后,将半成品釉面瓷砖置于烧结炉内,在1200℃条件下进行最终烧制;
S12、烧制完成,取出成品瓷砖即可。
实施例3
本发明提供一种技术方案:一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1、进行取料,选取足量的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂,其中,泥料有两种分别为黑泥与白泥,黑泥用于提高材料的可塑性,白泥用于提高材料的白度,砂料为SiO2,胚体为Al2O3、CaO、MgO与KNaO的混合料,胚体增强剂为羧甲基纤维素钠,添加的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂的重量份数分别为70份、90份、50份与10份;
S2、取所述砂料与所述部分胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨,在球磨过程中按批次多次加入胚体与砂料,以上批次按照等差数列的方式,先少量加入,然后逐渐增加加入量,当加入量到达预先设定的阈值时,再逐渐减小加入量,进而达到充分研磨,30min后,加入砂料与胚体质量总量的38-46%的水,对于混合料进行混合成浆;
S3、成浆后,加入胚体增强剂,继续进行混合20min;
S4、将混合浆料导入浆池内,对于浆料进行过筛,过筛后对于浆料进行四次去铁;
S5、将去铁后的浆料导入至匀质装置内,对于浆料进行均匀化处理;
S6、将均匀化的浆料导入干燥塔内,同时干燥内导入650℃的热风,风向与导入的浆料的方向相反,产生对流,对于浆料进行充分干燥,形成粉料;
S7、将干燥后的粉料导入料仓内,存放2d,使干燥后的粉料内的残留水分均匀化;
S8、将粉料导入至压制成型装置内,对于粉料进行压制成型;
S9、成型后,将含有一定水分的压制料置于分区干燥线上进行干燥,分区干燥线上分为三种温度,分别为220℃、270℃与320℃,并保持压制料内的5%水份含量;
S10、将压制料取出,静置3h后,对其表面进行上釉;
S11、上釉后,将半成品釉面瓷砖置于烧结炉内,在1280℃条件下对其进行最终烧制;
S12、烧制完成,取出成品瓷砖即可。
实施例1-3中,通过在瓷砖配方内适当提高氧化铝的含量,同时添加适量的胚体增强剂,可有效降低制备的瓷砖的变形度,提高材料的高温抗变形能力及干燥强度,同时降低胚体的热膨胀系数,使后期材料和釉的膨胀系数更加匹配,保证釉面质量,提高釉面成型速率,胚体增强剂内高分子之间依靠氢键和范德华力形成网状结构,表现出很好的粘结性,在瓷砖生产过程中,在浆料粒子表面形成水化膜,增强浆料的可塑性及胚体的粘结强度,有效提高瓷砖的强度,同时设置有对于浆料的过筛与多次的去铁过程,过筛可有效除去球磨时没有磨细的粗颗粒和一些杂质,多次去铁可有效避免瓷砖表面形成黑点、熔洞、杂质等缺陷的情况,同时保证瓷砖的白度,提高瓷砖质量。
对于实施例1-3中制备得到的瓷砖进行硬度测试,与未添加胚体增强剂的条件下采用完全相同的原料配比完全相同的生产工艺得到的瓷砖硬度进行对比,得到的结果如下表,其中邵氏硬度(未添加)代表在未添加胚体增强剂的条件下制备的瓷砖的邵氏硬度,邵氏硬度(已添加)代表在同等条件下添加胚体增强剂的瓷砖的邵氏硬度。
| 编号 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
| 邵氏硬度(已添加) | 86D | 82D | 80D |
| 编号 | 实施例1’ | 实施例2’ | 实施例3’ |
| 邵氏硬度(未添加) | 77D | 75D | 70D |
测试结果表明,已添加胚体增强剂相比于未添加胚体增强剂生产的瓷砖可有效提高9.3-14.3%的硬度。
其中,针对于加入胚体增强剂与未添加胚体增强剂生产的瓷砖的釉面成型速率进行测试,得到的结果如下表:
根据测试结果表明,已添加胚体增强剂相比于未添加胚体增强剂生产的瓷砖可有效提高12.1-17.4%的釉面成型速率,表明添加胚体增强剂生产的瓷砖与釉面的匹配度更高。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、进行取料,选取足量的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂;
S2、取所述砂料与所述部分胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨,在球磨过程中按批次多次加入胚体与砂料,以上批次按照等差数列的方式,先少量加入,然后逐渐增加加入量,当加入量到达预先设定的阈值时,再逐渐减小加入量,进而达到充分研磨,一段时间后,加入一定量的水,对于混合料进行混合成浆;
S3、成浆后,加入所述胚体增强剂,继续混合一段时间得到混合浆料;
S4、将所述混合浆料导入浆池内,对所述混合浆料进行过筛,过筛后对所述混合浆料进行多次去铁;
S5、将去铁后的所述混合浆料导入至匀质装置内进行均匀化处理得到均匀化浆料;
S6、将所述均匀化浆料导入干燥塔内,同时干燥塔内导入高温热风,热风风向与所述均匀化浆料的导入方向相反,产生对流,高温热风为螺旋风向吹入,并保证其于浆料的吹入角度锐角,在浆料干燥过程中进一步将其打散匀化,对于所述均匀化浆料进行充分干燥,形成粉料;
S7、将干燥后的所述粉料导入料仓内,存放一段时间;
S8、将所述粉料导入至压制成型装置内进行压制成型为压制料;
S9、成型后,将含有一定水分的所述压制料置于分区干燥线上进行干燥,并保持所述压制料内一定的水份含量;
S10、将所述压制料取出,静置一段时间后,对其表面进行上釉得到半成品釉面瓷砖;
S11、将所述半成品釉面瓷砖置于烧结炉内,对其进行最终烧制;
S12、烧制完成,取出成品瓷砖即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S1中,添加的泥料、砂料、胚体与胚体增强剂的重量份数分别为50-70份、80-90份、40-50份与10-15份,所述泥料包括黑泥与白泥,所述黑泥用于提高材料的可塑性,所述白泥用于提高材料的白度,所述砂料为SiO2,所述胚体为Al2O3、CaO、MgO与KNaO的混合料,所述胚体增强剂为羧甲基纤维素钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S2中,取所述砂料与所述胚体置于球磨机内,进行球磨,20-30min后,加入所述砂料与所述胚体质量总和的38%-46%的水,对于混合料进行混合成浆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S3中,成浆后,加入所述胚体增强剂,继续混合10-20min得到混合浆料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S4中,将所述混合浆料导入浆池内,对所述混合浆料进行过筛,过筛后对于所述混合浆料进行四次去铁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S6中,将所述均匀化浆料导入干燥塔内,同时干燥内导入550-650℃的热风,热风风向与所述均匀化浆料的导入方向相反,产生对流,对于所述均匀化浆料进行充分干燥,形成粉料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S7中,将干燥后的所述粉料导入料仓内,存放1-2d,使干燥后的所述粉料内的残留水分均匀化。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S9中,成型后,将含有一定水分的所述压制料置于分区干燥线上进行干燥,分区干燥线上设置三种温度,分别为220℃、270℃与320℃,并保持所述压制料内的3-5%水份含量。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S10中,将所述压制料取出,静置2-3h后,对其表面进行上釉。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度瓷砖的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述S11中,将所述半成品釉面瓷砖置于烧结炉内,在1120-1280℃温度条件下,对其进行最终烧制。
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