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CN114056252A - 尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料 - Google Patents

尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料 Download PDF

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CN114056252A
CN114056252A CN202110733726.6A CN202110733726A CN114056252A CN 114056252 A CN114056252 A CN 114056252A CN 202110733726 A CN202110733726 A CN 202110733726A CN 114056252 A CN114056252 A CN 114056252A
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layer
cellulose
decorative
cover layer
cover
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L.莱沃尔多莫斯基
M.戈特施林
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Volkswagen Automotive Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/14—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1228—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material
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    • B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B23/08—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种装饰面层材料(1)、尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料，具有可见侧的由细菌合成的纤维素构成的纤维素覆盖层(3)。按照本发明，所述纤维素覆盖层(3)是多层结构的组成部分，在所述多层结构中，纤维素覆盖层(3)通过粘合层(7)与载体层(5)连接。

Description

尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种装饰面层材料(Bezugsmaterial)、尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料，所述装饰面层材料具有可见侧的由细菌合成(bakteriellsynthetisiert)的纤维素构成的纤维素覆盖层。这种内饰构件例如包括门衬里、仪表板、壁部件、托架部件、方向盘、顶蓬等。所述装饰面层材料备选也可以是用于交通工具座椅的座椅套。本发明还涉及一种用于制造这种装饰面层材料的方法，所述方法具有
-提供步骤，在所述提供步骤中，提供平面状的未加工的纤维素层作为型坯，
-压光步骤，在所述压光步骤中，平面状的未加工的纤维素层被压光，并且形成纤维素覆盖层，
-最终加工步骤，在所述最终加工步骤中对纤维素覆盖层进行最终加工，例如通过粉末法或者喷涂法以颜色漆对所述纤维素覆盖层的可见侧进行涂层，和
-接合步骤，在所述接合步骤中，通过居间(或者说中间)设置粘合层将纤维素覆盖层与载体层(或者说承载层)连接。
背景技术
交通工具的内饰构件可以在其可见侧上被装饰面层材料蒙覆，所述装饰面层材料使内饰构件具有精致的美学外观和提高的机械耐抗性。装饰面层材料例如可以由真皮、人造革、薄膜、木质材料或纺织品制成。上述材料的材料特性在可伸展性以及强度方面满足对使用在交通工具的内饰构件中的装饰面层材料的要求。
特别是真皮装饰面层材料的制造涉及复杂的加工步骤，其中原料皮革经过全面的工艺流程(软化、浸于石灰水中、酸蚀、酸洗(Pickeln)、鞣制、修整)直至加工成可供使用的皮革装饰面层材料。这种加工是能源密集型的，并且涉及使用形成生态负担的过程化学制品。此外，真皮是动物产品。
通常已知一种备选的由细菌合成的纤维素制造的生态装饰面层材料。然而所述生态装饰面层材料的材料特性并不符合在交通工具内部空间中使用的要求。例如由专利文献DE 20 2017 106 871 U1已知一种腰包，所述腰包具有至少部分地由细菌式的纤维素制造的基体。
由专利文献DE 10 2010 050 311 A1已知一种具有生态纤维素层的伤口敷料。例如由专利文献DE 10 2008 046 644 A1或者EP 2 547 372 B1已知细菌合成的纤维素的制造。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种装饰面层材料以及用于制造这种装饰面层材料的方法，所述方法与现有技术相比能够以降低的能量耗费制造并且造成的生态负担降低。
所述技术问题通过一种装饰面层材料、尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料解决，所述装饰面层材料具有可见侧的由细菌合成的纤维素构成的纤维素覆盖层，按照本发明规定，所述纤维素覆盖层是多层结构的组成部分，在所述多层结构中，所述纤维素覆盖层通过粘合层与载体层连接。
所述技术问题还通过一种用于制造按照本发明的装饰面层材料的方法解决，所述方法具有
-提供步骤，在所述提供步骤中，提供平面状的未加工的纤维素层(Roh-Celluloseschicht)作为型坯，
-压光步骤，在所述压光步骤中，平面状的未加工的纤维素层被压光，并且形成纤维素覆盖层，
-最终加工步骤，在所述最终加工步骤中对纤维素覆盖层进行最终加工，例如通过粉末法或者喷涂法以颜色漆对所述纤维素覆盖层的可见侧进行涂层，和
-接合步骤，在所述接合步骤中，通过居间设置粘合层将纤维素覆盖层与载体层连接。
本发明的出发点为一种装饰面层材料，所述装饰面层材料具有(位于)可见侧(上)的由细菌合成的纤维素构成的纤维素覆盖层。按照本发明，纤维素覆盖层是多层结构的组成部分，在所述多层结构中，纤维素覆盖层通过粘合层与载体层连接。
以此方式提供生态的装饰面层材料作为对于由皮/人造革构成传统的装饰面层材料的备选方案，所述生态的装饰面层材料由细菌式的纤维素构成的表面层、例如纺织的强化结构(优选由天然纤维构成的编结物)以及起连接作用的粘合层构成。
在一种技术上的实现方案中，装饰面层材料的载体层可以具有横向于装饰面层材料的厚度方向提高的抗撕裂性。以此方式能够针对在交通工具内饰区域中使用时的要求提高装饰面层材料的材料特性。尤其是通过载体层提高了汽车方面在撕裂扩展载荷(或者说再断裂强度)上的要求(DIN EN ISO377-1)。
载体层优选可以是纤维半成品、例如编结物、机织物(Gewebe)、针织物或者纤维网(或者说无纺布)。纤维半成品可以在制造装饰面层材料时以干燥状态被提供、即不具有粘合剂。
在第一变型设计方案中，纤维半成品可以由天然纤维、尤其是由亚麻、棉、苎麻、天丝制造。在一种备选的变型设计方案中，纤维半成品可以由合成纤维制造。尤其是由聚酯纤维(或者说涤纶)、尼龙或者类似材料制造。此外，纤维半成品可以具有由合成纤维以及天然纤维构成的纤维混合物。
针对在交通工具内饰区域中的材料要求优选的是，粘合层由能弹性地弯曲(nachgiebig，或者说伸缩)的材料、尤其是泡沫材料、例如PU泡沫实现。这种能弹性地弯曲的泡沫材料针对载体层在纤维素覆盖层上的提高的附着性以及针对改善的触觉是有利的。
一种用于制造按照本发明的装饰面层材料的方法可以具有以下工艺环节：在提供步骤中首先可以提供由平面状的未加工的纤维素层构成的型坯。在接下来的压光步骤中对所述平面状的未加工的纤维素层进行加工，并且形成纤维素覆盖层。在接下来的最终加工步骤中可以通过粉末法或者喷涂法以颜色漆对纤维素覆盖层的可见侧进行涂层。接着进行接合过程，在所述接合过程中，通过居间设置粘合层将纤维素覆盖层与载体层连接。
优选可以在发泡装置中进行接合步骤。纤维素覆盖层和载体层为此作为嵌入件相互间隔距离地置入发泡装置的模具型腔中。接着进行发泡过程，在所述发泡过程中，通过实现为泡沫材料的粘合层对纤维素覆盖层和载体层进行后发泡(
Figure BDA0003140701910000031
或者说后发泡成型)。
附图说明
以下根据附图描述本发明的实施例。
在附图中：
图1示出了装饰面层材料的材料结构；并且
图2在框图中示出了用于制造图1所示的装饰面层材料的工艺环节。
具体实施方式
在图1中在简略的示意性剖视图中示出了装饰面层材料1的材料结构。因此，装饰面层材料总共构造为三层，并且具体地具有可见侧的纤维素覆盖层3以及载体层5和居间布置的粘合层7。在图1中，粘合层7由泡沫材料、例如PU(聚氨酯)泡沫制造。
粘合层并非必须是泡沫层。在之后的加工中很可能进行附加的泡沫涂覆(参见传统的将皮革或者人造革进一步加工为最终构件的步骤)。
装饰面层材料1可以具有例如1至7mm的层厚s并且设计用于在交通工具内饰区域中使用。装饰面层材料1例如可以蒙覆内护板件、例如仪表板、门衬里、壁部件、托架部件、顶蓬等。作为对此的备选，装饰面层材料1也可以用作交通工具座椅的座椅套。
在图1中，纤维素覆盖层3由细菌合成的纤维素制造。载体层优选可以是纤维半成品、例如编结物、机织物、针织物或者纤维网。纤维半成品优选可以完全由天然纤维9制造。尤其是由亚麻、棉、苎麻、天丝制造。纤维9备选地和/或附加地也能够例如由聚酯纤维或者尼龙合成地制造。
接着根据图2描述用于制造图1所示的装饰面层材料1的方法。因此，首先在提供步骤中提供平面状的未加工的纤维素层11作为型坯。所述未加工的纤维素层在培养容器中在处于其中的并且接种有细菌培养物的培养基与空气的分界面处进行培养，接着取出纤维素层，并且在从培养容器中取出之后经受杀菌的处理介质的作用并且在必要时进行清洁。
所述未加工的纤维素层11在压光步骤中被压光并且形成纤维素覆盖层3。接着进行最终加工步骤，在所述最终加工步骤中，通过粉末法或者喷涂法以颜色漆13对纤维素覆盖层的可见侧进行涂层。纤维素覆盖层3接着与纤维半成品5共同置入发泡模具15的模具型腔中，并且在两个层3、5之间具有自由空间17。接着在发泡过程中通过实现为PU泡沫的粘合层7对纤维素覆盖层3和载体层5进行后发泡成型。
附图标记清单
1 装饰面层材料
2 纤维素覆盖层
5 载体层
7 粘合层
9 纤维
11 未加工的纤维素层
13 颜色漆
15 发泡装置
17 自由空间
s 装饰面层材料的材料厚度

Claims (8)

1.一种装饰面层材料、尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料，所述装饰面层材料具有可见侧的由细菌合成的纤维素构成的纤维素覆盖层(3)，其特征在于，所述纤维素覆盖层(3)是多层结构的组成部分，在所述多层结构中，所述纤维素覆盖层(3)通过粘合层(7)与载体层(5)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰面层材料，其特征在于，所述载体层(5)提高了所述装饰面层材料(1)横向于装饰面层材料的厚度方向的抗撕裂性。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰面层材料，其特征在于，所述载体层(5)是纤维半成品、尤其是干燥的纤维半成品、例如编结物、机织物、针织物或者纤维网。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装饰面层材料，其特征在于，所述纤维半成品由天然纤维(9)、尤其是由亚麻、棉、苎麻、天丝制造。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的装饰面层材料，其特征在于，所述纤维半成品由合成纤维(9)、尤其是由聚酯纤维、尼龙或者类似材料制造。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的装饰面层材料，其特征在于，所述粘合层(7)是能弹性地弯曲的泡沫材料、例如PU泡沫。
7.一种用于制造根据前述权利要求之一所述的装饰面层材料(1)的方法，所述方法具有
-提供步骤，在所述提供步骤中，提供平面状的未加工的纤维素层(11)作为型坯，
-压光步骤，在所述压光步骤中，平面状的未加工的纤维素层(11)被压光，并且形成纤维素覆盖层(3)，
-最终加工步骤，在所述最终加工步骤中对纤维素覆盖层(3)进行最终加工，例如通过粉末法或者喷涂法以颜色漆(13)对所述纤维素覆盖层的可见侧进行涂层，和
-接合步骤，在所述接合步骤中，通过居间设置粘合层(7)将纤维素覆盖层与载体层(5)连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接合步骤在发泡装置(15)中进行，在所述发泡装置中，纤维素覆盖层(3)和载体层(5)相互间隔距离地被置入模具型腔中，并且接着通过实现为泡沫材料的粘合层(7)对所述纤维素覆盖层(3)和载体层(5)进行后发泡。
CN202110733726.6A 2020-08-07 2021-06-30 尤其是用于交通工具的内饰构件的装饰面层材料 Pending CN114056252A (zh)

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