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CN103974800A - 固定元件、用于将固定元件与构件焊接的方法以及构件连接体 - Google Patents

固定元件、用于将固定元件与构件焊接的方法以及构件连接体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103974800A
CN103974800A CN201380004039.4A CN201380004039A CN103974800A CN 103974800 A CN103974800 A CN 103974800A CN 201380004039 A CN201380004039 A CN 201380004039A CN 103974800 A CN103974800 A CN 103974800A
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retaining element
component
spherical
welding
foot areas
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J·范尼克尔克
S·艾格纳
H·瓦索德
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/08—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of welds or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/20—Stud welding
    • B23K9/201—Stud welding of the extremity of a small piece on a great or large basis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0642—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/47—Molded joint
    • Y10T403/471—And independent connection

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)

Abstract

固定元件，该固定元件具有设置用于与构件焊接的脚部区域以及从所述脚部区域突出的功能头部，所述功能头部由至少一个球形的或近似球形的元件形成。

Description

固定元件、用于将固定元件与构件焊接的方法以及构件连接体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的特征的固定元件、一种根据权利要求2之前序部分所述的用于将固定元件与构件焊接的方法以及一种根据权利要求3之前序部分所述的构件连接体。
背景技术
根据权利要求3之前序部分所述的构件连接体由较先的、未公开的DE102010040547.7已知。相关的现有技术还包括了DE102010028323A1、DE102009049602.5、DE102008038747A1、DE102009041161A1、DE102010028322A1以及DE102007044635A1。
在车辆车身的大批量生产中，基本上自动化地装配多种单独的车身件以及安装件、例如支承体等。在接合过程中，将两个或多个车身件首先借助于复杂的夹持和紧固技术相互定位并接着彼此连接，例如通过焊接、咬合或其它接合方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种固定元件、一种用于将固定元件与构件焊接的方法和一种具有这种固定元件的构件连接体，所述固定元件、方法或所述构件连接体可通用地用于连接构件、特别是车辆的车身件。
这一目的通过权利要求1或2或3所述的特征来实现。本发明的有利的设计方案和进一步改进方案可由从属权利要求得知。
根据本发明的固定元件具有脚部区域和从所述脚部区域突出的功能头部，所述功能头部由至少一个球形的或近似球形的元件形成。“球形”或“近似球形”的概念可在如下意义上极其广泛地理解，即，所述至少一个元件可完全地或部分地具有球形或截球形部分的形状或近似球形的形状。在此，“近似球形”的概念不局限于球面几何的数学概念。近似球形可例如完全泛指“凸状弯曲”。优选功能头部的所述至少一个球形地或者近似球形地构造的元件关于脚部区域的法线方向旋转对称。“球形的”或“近似球形的”概念完全一般地包括“圆形的”或“弯曲的”、尤其是“凸状弯曲的几何形”。
这种固定元件的脚部区域设置用于与构件焊接或者焊接到构件上，从而所述固定元件作为“阳性固定元件”从所述构件突出。
固定元件可以一件式地制造，亦即，脚部区域和功能头部可以在同一个生产过程中制造，例如通过冷挤压、电磁成型等。备选于此地，脚部区域和功能头部也可在分开的过程中制造并且接着相互连接成固定元件，例如通过电容器放电式焊接、拉弧焊接、电阻焊接等。
为了将这种固定元件焊接到构件上，首先将所述固定元件以其脚部区域的背离所述功能头部的(底)侧放置到构件上。接着将脚部区域与构件焊接。作为焊接方法，尤其可以考虑拉弧焊接法。但也可以想到其他的焊接方法、例如凸焊。
这种固定元件可以用于连接第一构件与第二构件。这样的“构件连接体”具有第一构件，固定元件从所述第一构件突出，如前所述。固定元件的脚部区域在此与第一构件焊接。
要与第一构件连接的第二构件具有用于容纳固定元件或固定元件之功能头部的阴性固定元件，或者可以规定第二构件与设置用于容纳阳性固定元件的阴性固定元件配合作用，所述阴性固定元件例如可以构造成夹具元件或类似物。
为了连接两个构件，将阳性固定元件沿插入方向插入阴性固定元件。固定元件的功能头部的所述至少一个球形的或近似球形的元件基本上横向于插入方向地具有相对于阴性固定元件的过量尺寸，从而使这两个构件在固定元件上或借助于所述固定元件彼此夹紧。
脚部区域可以有底座或板或板状元件的形状。由于固定元件的脚部区域与第一构件焊接，有利的是，脚部区域的背离所述功能头部的(底)侧沿离开功能头部的方向变细。脚部区域的(底)侧可以例如构造成圆锥形变细的，这尤其对拉弧焊接法中的焊接是有利的。对其他焊接方法，其他几何形可能是更有利的。对于电阻焊接可能有利的是，在脚部区域的(底)侧上
根据本发明的一种进一步改进方案，第一和/或第二构件是金属板构件、尤其是钢板、不锈钢板或铝板构件。所述固定元件也优选完全由金属、特别是由钢或铝构成。
该方法特别适合于车身制造，从而第一和/或第二构件可以是车身构件。但该方法也可用于在汽车工业以外的多种用途中，例如在“白色家电”、家具工业、建筑业或者说建筑物建造等领域中。
上述的构件连接体可以极其有利地用于“预固定”两个要彼此持久地、牢固地连接的(车身)构件。这两个构件可以借助于所述固定元件极其容易地“临时”插在一起或夹紧在一起并接着经由其他连接、例如经由焊接连接、通过螺纹连接、铆接等彼此持久地、牢固地连接。
附图说明
以下结合附图对本发明进行更详细的阐述。在此：
图1示出根据本发明的固定元件；和
图2示出在图1中示出的固定元件焊接到金属板构件上。
具体实施方式
图1示出固定元件1，该固定元件具有脚部区域2和功能头部3。脚部区域2和功能头部3可以由同一种材料制造。脚部区域2和头部区域3尤其可以一件式地制成。对此备选地，功能头部3也可以焊接到脚部区域2上。
如图1所示，功能头部3具有两个球形的部段3a、3b，这两个部段设置用于夹紧地插入到阴性固定元件中(例如到通孔或类似物中)。对此备选地，作为阴性固定元件也可以构成可夹持到所述两个部段3a、3b上的或所述两个部段之一3a或3b上的元件(保持夹)。
球形的部段3a、3b的中心点在图1中示出的实施例中位于脚部区域2的中轴线或对称轴线上。脚部区域2在此构造成底座状的、具有上部段2a和下部段2b的元件，所述上部段与球形的部段3a连接。如图1所示，下部段2b的底侧构造成圆锥形变细的，其中，图1中的圆锥角用符号α示出。
在图1中示出的固定元件可以例如以拉弧焊接方法焊接到金属板构件5上，如图2中所示。当如图1中所示，脚部区域的底侧构造成变细的时，可以实现质量上特别高品质的焊接连接。

Claims (9)

1.固定元件，该固定元件具有设置用于与构件焊接的脚部区域，以及从所述脚部区域突出的功能头部，所述功能头部由至少一个球形的或近似球形的元件形成。
2.用于将根据权利要求1所述的固定元件与构件焊接的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：
预备这样的固定元件，
将所述固定元件的脚部区域放置到构件上，更确切地说以脚部区域的背离所述功能头部的一侧，
焊接脚部区域与构件，特别是用拉弧焊接法。
3.构件连接体，具有
第一构件、特别是第一车辆构件，该第一构件具有从第一构件突出的阳性固定元件，
第二构件、特别是第二车辆构件，该第二构件具有设置用于容纳阳性固定元件的阴性固定元件，或该第二构件与设置用于容纳阳性固定元件的阴性固定元件配合作用，其中，阳性固定元件沿插入方向插入阴性固定元件中，
其特征在于，所述阳性固定元件具有与所述第一构件焊接的脚部区域和从脚部区域突出的功能头部，所述功能头部由至少一个球形的或近似球形的元件形成，所述球形的或近似球形的元件基本横向于插入方向地具有相对于阴性固定元件的过量尺寸，从而使这两个构件在固定元件上彼此夹紧。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的固定元件或方法或构件连接体，
其特征在于，所述脚部区域由底座状或板状的元件形成。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的固定元件或方法或构件连接体，
其特征在于：所述脚部区域的背离功能头部的一侧构造成沿离开功能头部的方向变细的、特别是呈圆锥形变细的。
6.根据权利要求3至5之一项所述的构件连接体，
其特征在于，第一和/或第二构件是金属板构件、尤其是钢板或铝板构件。
7.根据权利要求3至6之一项所述的构件连接体，
其特征在于，第一和/或第二构件是车身构件。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的固定元件或方法或构件连接体，
其特征在于，阳性固定元件是完全由金属、特别是由钢或铝构成的元件。
9.根据权利要求3至8之一项所述的构件连接体，
其特征在于，所述构件除了夹紧连接之外经由其他连接、特别是经由焊接连接而直接彼此固定地连接。
CN201380004039.4A 2012-03-01 2013-01-25 固定元件、用于将固定元件与构件焊接的方法以及构件连接体 Pending CN103974800A (zh)

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DE102012203217.7A DE102012203217B4 (de) 2012-03-01 2012-03-01 Verfahren zum Verschweißen eines Fixierelements mit einem Bauteil sowie Bauteilverbindung
DE102012203217.7 2012-03-01
PCT/EP2013/051406 WO2013127576A1 (de) 2012-03-01 2013-01-25 Fixierelement, verfahren zum verschweissen eines fixierelements mit einem bauteil sowie bauteilverbindung

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US20140294488A1 (en) 2014-10-02

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