CN1039211A - Stretch blow molding method and its machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermoplastic material parison is fed to a dispensing station in the center of a stationary or orbitable stretch blow mold that is arranged in a circular pattern. Movable or fixed means transfer the parisons from the dosing station to the mould cavities ready to receive the parisons, and movable take-off means are provided for lifting the finished stretch blow moulded articles from the respective moulds and transferring them to the take-off station. The transfer and extraction device can be assembled in one piece and works in the following way: the process of removing one or more articles from one or more first moulds takes place simultaneously with the process of placing one or more parisons in one or more second moulds.

Description

This invention relates to improvements in methods and machinery for the manufacture of hollow plastic articles, and in particular to improvements in methods and machinery for the manufacture of blow molded articles of thermoplastic material. More specifically, the present invention relates to method and machine improvements that can be effectively applied to the manufacture of stretch blow molded articles, that is, thermoplastic parisons are mechanically stretched biaxially in a blow mold cavity, and blown with compressed air. products obtained by swelling.

A stretch blow molding machine typically has several molds in which cavities are formed to hold thermoplastic parisons. The pattern works in conjunction with a nozzle that injects a constant amount of pressurized gas into the parison, and a mechanical stretching device that injects the parison before, during, or after the expansion process with the pressurized gas. Make the parison elongate. In many presently known machines, the form is mounted on a turntable which is indexable about a vertical axis, so that the form passes sequentially through a loading station which loads the thermoplastic parison into the cavity of the form. The parison is then subjected to biaxial stretching by the machine and expanded by pressurized gas to assume a shape conforming to the surface forming the mold cavity. Typically, the parison completes its transformation into a hollow plastic product, such as a bottle, about three-quarters of a revolution around the turret axis of the corresponding pattern. The resulting plastic product is then removed from the corresponding mold cavity so that each mold is empty before it reaches the filling position.

The conventional methods and machines outlined above have the advantage that articles can be produced at regular intervals. If there are 4 molds on the turntable, the machine will produce 4 products every time the turntable turns.

The speed at which the turntable rotates about the vertical axis and the number of divisions it makes depends on several parameters. One of the parameters is the time required to turn the parison in the mold cavity into a stretch blow molded article. Furthermore, the period per turn of the turntable depends on the time required to place the parison into the mold cavity and to remove the newly produced hollow product from the corresponding mold. Thus, if the turntable rotates continuously, the speed of the rotary motion depends on at least three variables. On the other hand, if the turntable rotates intermittently, the length of the regular pauses in the operation of the machine depends on the time required to put the parison in and take out the hollow product, and the intermittently rotating turntable is in two phases. The speed of rotation between adjacent stops depends on the time required to complete the machine's biaxial stretching and pneumatic blowing operations (that is, converting the parison into a hollow part), and the maximum acceleration and deceleration allowed by the mold. The turntable cannot withstand sharp accelerations and decelerations, since this would inevitably have an adverse effect on the position of the parison in the corresponding mold cavity. The peripheral speed of a continuously or intermittently rotating turntable is proportional to its diameter. ^* All these factors limit the traditional stretch blow molding machine. Make it impossible to produce many or more products per unit time.

Another disadvantage of stretch blow molding machines in which the mold is placed on a continuously or intermittently rotating turret is the supply of hot water, coolant, compressed gas and electricity, as well as the placement of the parison into the mold cavity and removal from the mold. There are many problems in taking out the hollow product in the cavity. For example, there is a need to provide means for carrying electric current between fixed and moving parts, as well as means for supplying pressurized gas (such as compressed air) to expand the parison in the mold cavity, as well as supplying hot water and suitable Coolant devices must also be placed between fixed and moving parts. Also, serious difficulties arise with regard to the sealing of the passages of pressurized gas flowing into the parison enclosed in the cavity of the mold. The electrically operated monitoring devices and signal generators on the turntable must in turn transmit the signals to stationary components located outside the turntable. All of these make the traditional blow molding machine bulky, expensive and complex in structure.

Another disadvantage of the traditional blow molding machine is that it cannot produce two or more different types of hollow stretch blow molded products at the same time. In this way, each mold cavity is the same, so

^* The original text is inversely proportional, according to common sense, it should be directly proportional. Some mechanical stretching devices are also the same. On the other hand, the growing demand for blow molded hollow thermoplastic articles of various sizes and shapes has far exceeded the expected output. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve processing methods and machines by which large quantities of the above-mentioned products can be produced per unit time. One of the reasons for the increasing popularity of hollow thermoplastic articles is that they can be manufactured and disposed of ecologically.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved process capable of producing a large number of blow molded articles per unit time.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of simultaneously producing different types of blow molded articles.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method in which the pressurized gas used to inflate the parison is less prone to leakage than in the production of blow molded articles by the above known methods.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved method of stretch blow molding hollow articles of thermoplastic material.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method which simplifies the insertion of thermoplastic parisons into the mold cavity and the removal of blow molded articles from the mold cavity.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved machine for carrying out the above method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine with new and improved means for placing parisons into blow molding cavities, and with new means for removing formed parisons from old cavities. , an improved device.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a machine having new and improved controls for its motion and other components, and means for operatively converting thermoplastic parisons into blow molded or stretch blow molded articles New and improved installation of tools.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine with new and improved means for synchronizing the movements of the moving parts in order to increase the output of the machine and improve the quality of blow molded articles.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a machine having new and improved means for simplifying the feeding of the parisons and having new and improved means for simplifying the introduction of pressurized gas into the parisons.

It is an aspect of the present invention to provide a method of manipulating thermoplastic parisons and blow molded articles, including stretch blow molded articles. The method comprises the steps of: delivering the parison to a batching station; positioning a plurality of blow molds (at least two) around the batching station; transferring a single parison from the batching station to a single mold; The parison in the mold is made into a blow molded product; and the product is removed from the corresponding mold.

The step of removing the article from the mold can be carried out immediately before the transfer step of the parison into the mold, that is, the step of sending the parison into the cavity of the mold that was empty at the time, followed by the newly produced After the step of removing the finished product from the mold, there is a very short interval in between.

The step of forming the parison from one of the at least two molds into a blow-molded article may be carried out simultaneously with the step of feeding the parison into the other of the two molds, or vice versa.

The conveying step includes conveying the parison along an arc-shaped track before the parison enters the mold, specifically, conveying along a closed circular track (such as a garden circular track). The removal step includes transferring the articles in the respective molds towards or away from the center of the circular track.

The positioning step includes placing the molds on a circumference around the dispensing table, and the transferring step includes clamping the parisons on the dispensing table, and feeding these clamped parisons into the molds.

The removal step includes lifting the parison out of the form.

According to the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the method of the present invention also includes a clamping step (for example, The molds can be fixedly mounted on a fixed support), and the step of transferring the parison into one of the molds can occur simultaneously with the process of forming the product from the parison in the other mold.

The transfer and removal steps are preferably carried out by at least one conveyor running continuously between the batching table and the mold, and the at least one conveyor has a first stage for receiving the parison at the batching table and placing the parison in the mold. A tool (eg, first jaw), and a second tool (eg, second jaw) that receives the article from the form.

The transferring step also includes transferring the parisons on the dispensing table to the form in a predetermined order (ie, according to a predetermined plan), and the removing step further includes removing the products from the form in a predetermined order.

The transfer step may use movable grippers for individual parisons, while the removal step includes lifting the product from the corresponding mold and sending the lifted product to a product storage and/or ejection device (e.g. to bottles, vials or similar containers on belt conveyors).

It is also possible to select the transport step in such a way that several parisons are removed from the batching table simultaneously. The removing step may also include simultaneously removing the article from at least two molds.

The transfer step can transfer the parison on the batching table to the mold by pneumatic means (either vacuum or pressurized gas). Similarly, the removal step can also use pneumatic means (either vacuum or pressurized gas) to send the product in the mold into the warehouse, or to the outfeed conveyor. Alternatively, the transfer step can also gravity transport the parison, and the removal step can also gravity remove the article from the corresponding mold. It is also possible to combine gravity and pneumatic conveying for transferring the parisons to the mold and/or for removing the article from the corresponding mold.

Another feature of the present invention is to provide a machine for manipulating thermoplastic parisons and blow molded articles, particularly stretch blow molded articles. The improved machine includes a device called a batching table; a device for feeding the parison into the batching table; a plurality of blow molds placed around the batching table; transferring the parison on the batching table into the mold to make it Devices that become blow-molded articles; and devices that remove products from the mould. The machine also includes a support for supporting the forms, the support being fixed, and the transfer means being mounted movable relative to the batching table and the forms mounted on the support. Alternatively, the machine may also have means for moving the form relative to the batching table (such as a mobile support designed as a turntable). The moving means may provide a predetermined track for the molds, and the transfer means of the machine has a means for transferring the parisons into the molds on the first part of the track. The extraction device of this machine also has a means for removing the product from the mold on the second part of the track.

The conveying means (eg in the form of one or several chutes) can be fixed relative to the support. Alternatively, the conveyor on the machine is movable relative to the support. The movable transfer means includes jaws for holding the parison and means for moving the jaws between the batching table and the mold. The transfer device can be arranged such that the grippers on it can hold two or more parisons simultaneously. The means for moving the jaws may be designed to move the jaws at least at a constant speed. The take-out device may or may not be arranged on the conveying device.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conveying means includes grippers holding the parisons and between the dispensing table (where the grippers grip the parisons) and the form (where the grippers release the parisons) A device for moving the clamp. The machine also has control means for controlling the aforementioned moving means. The conveyor of this machine has a lever with a plurality of arms and means for rotating the lever about a predetermined axis located between the two arms. The gripper is provided on one arm and the extraction device is provided on the other arm. The control device is a device that makes the axis rotate along a substantially circular orbit around the batching table. Each arm includes a first part or section rotatable about an axis, and a second part or section rotatable and/or movable relative to the first part or section. The gripper and extraction means are mounted on the second part or section of the corresponding arm. The control means is designed to align the take-off means with the form containing the product and simultaneously align the jaws with the parison located on the batching table.

The dies on the improved machine are open and closed dies. Each mold includes a plurality of modules that form a cavity that houses the parison and the blow-molded article. At least one module in each form is movable relative to at least one other module between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, a parison can be placed in the cavity, or an article can be removed from the cavity. In the closed position, the parison or article is secured within the chamber. The machine according to the invention is provided with means for moving at least one module in each mold between an open position and a closed position, as well as manipulating means for actuating said moving means. The manipulation device includes a cam and a follower. In order to simplify the handling means it preferably further comprises a rotary member or other suitable means for moving the cam means relative to the form. The cam device comprises at least one annular cam surrounding the batching table. The rotating member preferably rotates around an axis on the batching table. The rotating member has a horizontal end wall and an annular wall mounted on or integral with the end wall. The cam and follower of the manipulator has a set of cam and follower combination located on the end wall, which is used to move a module of the mold between the open and closed positions of the mold, and the ring of the rotating member The wall may provide or carry one or more cam and follower combinations for controlling the operation of the apparatus for blowing the parisons into hollow articles.

The cam can be made as a grooved cam.

The blowing device includes valves for allowing pressurized gas to flow into the parison in the cavity of the mold, and means for operating the valves. The manipulator is driven by a follower which follows a cam on the annular wall of the rotating member. The manipulating device comprises the holders of the valves, and means for reciprocating the holders and the valves they hold relative to the parison in the mold cavity, said reciprocating movement being caused by the rotation of the rotating member and the resulting Caused by the displacement produced by the follower following the cam. Each holder has means to seal the parison in the mold cavity to prevent gas from escaping from the parison when the valve is open.

The blowing device also includes means for mechanically stretching the parison in the mold cavity, this stretching means being driven by a follower which follows a cam located on the annular wall of the rotary member. The blowing unit of this machine also has a step-up transmission interposed between the stretching device and the corresponding follower, the transmission comprising an input element, an output element and an intermediate element. The input element is kinematically connected with the corresponding follower (for example, connected by a linkage that transmits motion); the output element is kinematically connected with the corresponding tensioning device; and the intermediate element is driven by the input element and transmits the motion to the The output element is transmitted in such a way that the movement distance of the output element is greater than the movement distance of the input element. At least one element of the transmission is a belt and pulley drive. The belt and pulley drive of the intermediate element can be designed such that it has a large diameter pulley driven by the input element, a small diameter pulley driven by the output element and an endless flexible element wound around both pulleys. The transmission also includes a frictional coupling between the input element and the corresponding driver, and/or a frictional coupling between the output element and the tensioning device.

The cam of the operating device of the control valve is a single lobe cam, which pushes the follower to open the corresponding valve. The sides of the lobe form an angle of 100-135° with the rest of the cam, preferably the angle is close to 135°.

The cam on the annular wall of the rotating member that opens and closes the trigger valve is preferably installed at a lower height than the cam that controls the movement of the mechanical stretching device. The cam controlling the movement of the stretching means preferably includes a first section having a lower height than the second section. When the stretching device is in a certain position (such as the non-operating position), the corresponding follower is pushed by the first section, and when the stretching device of the mold is in another position (such as the operating position) , the follower is pushed by the second section. The length of the first section may be equal to or approximately close to the length of the second section. Between the first section and the second section, a gradual transition zone is preferably provided, and the inclination angle of the transition zone relative to the above two sections is between 40° and 60°.

The transfer device comprises at least one chute for the parisons. The chute has an angle of inclination sufficient to ensure that the parisons entering the chute slide under the force of gravity into the cavity of the open mold. It is also possible to provide a conveying device that sends the parison on the batching table along one or several chutes into the opened and emptied mold cavity pneumatically and/or mechanically. For example, the transfer device can be equipped with a chute for each form. The upper end of each chute is close to the batching table, while the lower end is close to the corresponding mold. This transfer device also has a gate that can close the lower end of the chute and can be opened, or other suitable devices, so as to ensure that the parison can only be opened when the mold close to the chute is opened, and its chamber is ready to receive. Only when the parison can leave the corresponding chute.

The pattern can form a complete ring around the batching station. Alternatively, the machine can have only two, three or a smaller number of patterns. The dispensing table may be located at or near the center of the circular array of forms.

The improved machine of the present invention, its structure and mode of operation, as well as other features and advantages will be better understood after a perusal of the following detailed embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the machine of the present invention, which operates in a ring-shaped arrangement of fixed molds;

Figure 2 is a schematic elevational view of a second type of machine in which the form is mounted on a rotary support forming a turntable;

Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the third machine, which has a fixed mold and also has a combined device for transferring the parison and taking out the product;

Figure 4 is an enlarged partial vertical sectional view seen along the direction of the arrow from the IV-IV line of Figure 3;

Fig. 5 is the expanded view of two cams in the machine shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;

Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a third machine in which the means for transferring the parison into the mold cavity comprises a set of fixed chutes;

Figure 7 is a similar schematic plan view of a fourth machine in which the transfer means has only a single chute which is rotatable around the parison batching table.

Referring first to Fig. 1, a stretch blow molding machine is shown, which includes a plate-shaped support 1 supporting a set of molds 6, which form a circle around the parison batching table 2 Ring 5. In the radial direction of the ring 5 formed by the mold 6, there is an endless conveyor belt 27, the parison 22 is sent to the batching table 2 through the endless conveyor belt 27, and the drawn blank blow molded product 9 is taken out from the mold by the take-out device 10. Take out in the mold 6, send to the discharge table 3, just send to the starting section of endless conveyer belt 8. The blow molding machine also has a transfer device 15 for transferring the parison 22 from the batching station 2 to the mold 6 selected in a predetermined order. The machine also has means for blowing the parison, which includes means for mechanically stretching the parison 22 in the cavity of the corresponding mold 6, and means for introducing a quantity of pressurized gas (such as compressed air) into the parison. device, to ensure that the shape of each product 9 conforms to the surface shape surrounding the cavity in the corresponding mold 6.

The dispensing table 2 occupies or is close to the center 4 of the ring 5 formed by the dies 6 and the discharge table 3 is on the outside close to the boundary portion 7 of the support 1 . A conveyor belt 8 at the outfeed station 3 can transport the products 9 to the warehouse. The take-out device 10 is used to lift the product 9 from the corresponding mold cavity, and then transfer the lifted product to the conveyor belt 8 located at the discharge table 3 along an arc track or other passages. The extraction device 10 as shown can be rotated at an angle about a vertical pivot member 11 adjacent to the border portion 7 of the support 1 and close to the discharge table 3 . The free end of the take-out device 10 is provided with grippers or grippers 12 which grip the formed product 9 and transfer it to the conveyor belt 8 . The extraction device 10 as shown comprises a long modular arm assembled from several hinged sections (or parts) (sections 13 and 14 are shown in Figure 1) so that This arm can move its jaws 12 forward and into the cavity of the selected mold 6 . Once the product 9 is lifted from the cavity of the corresponding mold 6, the extraction device 10 is rotated about the axis of the pivot member 11, moving the gripper 12 to a continuously driven or The intermittently driven conveyor belt 8 is above the receiving end. Two or more take-out devices 10 can be equipped on the machine, and each take-off device 10 is all placed on the appropriate position, and is taken out by it in the mold cavity of a group of molds that are made up of two or more molds 6. Products9. In another way, or, in the above-mentioned operation process, the pattern 6 arranged in the ring 5 is rotated around the batching table 2, so that the pattern 6 is transferred to the combined arm positioned at the take-out device 10 sequentially or selectively. Within the range of motion of the clamp 12 on the 13+14.

Conveyor 15 has gripper 24 on the free end 23 of its elongated composite arm 16, and elongated composite arm 16 can rotate about the vertical axis defined by vertical pivot member 18, and pivot member 18 is mounted on the position by the type In the bearing 17 of the garden ring 5 inside that die 6 is arranged. The arm 16 is assembled from several segments (two segments 20 , 21 are shown in FIG. 1 ) which are hinged to one another by means of one or more joints 19 . The conveying device 15 is designed in such a way that its grippers 24 grip the parison 22 at the batching table 2 and feed the gripped parison into the cavity of the selected mold 6 . The means for opening and closing the jaws of the pliers 24 can be of conventional design and are not specifically shown in the drawings. The same design applies to the device for opening and closing the jaws of the tongs 12 which are part of the removal device 10 . It goes without saying that the blow molding machine also has suitable means for rotating the arm 16 of the transfer device about the axis of the pivot member 10, and for increasing or shortening the distance between the pivot member 18 and the jaws of the clamp 24. , so that the transfer device 15 can clamp the parison 22 on the batching table 2, and transfer the clamped parison to the device in the empty cavity of the selected mold 6.

Preferably, the mold 6 is designed in such a way that, in order to make the parison into a hollow product 9, such as a bottle, vial or similar container for a fluid medium, the parison 22 is first expanded with compressed air. It is biaxially stretched or elongated. Figure 1 shows that each mold 6 comprises two modules 25, 26, at least one of which is movable relative to the other so as to assume an open position in which clamps 24 can hold the mold. The blank 22 is placed into the corresponding mold cavity, or the clamp 12 can remove the formed article 9; or it assumes the closed position, in which the parison 22 is properly closed in the mold cavity and is ready to be stretched by the stretching device. Apply the action, and receive the necessary amount of pressurized gas.

According to a preferred embodiment, the forms 6 are fixed, that is to say there is no relative movement between the forms, between them and the support 1, nor together with the support 1 . Then it is necessary to design one or several transfer devices 15 in such a way that it can transfer the parison 22 from the batching table 2 to the cavity of any one of the molds 6 on the ring 5, and The or each extraction device 10 lifts the formed article 9 from any selected mold 6 . The active lengths of the arms of the removal device 10 and transfer device 15 as shown can be changed within a certain range, which is necessary to ensure that the clamps 12 can move between the discharge table 3 and any selected mold 6, and ensure that It is necessary for the jaws 24 to move between the batching station 2 and any selected die 6 . Of course, the above only applies to the case of the machine shown in FIG. This mode of operation can be seen from Fig. 2, that is, the gripper 24 on the arm 16 of the transfer device 15 clamps the parison 22 from the feeding conveyor belt 27, and puts it into a selected mold 6. In the mold cavity; the take-out device 10 lifts the product 9 out of the mold cavity and transfers it to the conveyor belt 8 located at the discharge table 3 .

The form 6 among Fig. 2 is mounted on a support made into ^a turntable 49 driven in rotation by a gear transmission 50 ^* driven by a variable speed motor or other suitable motor 51 ^* . The turntable 49 sequentially or selectively moves the model 6 to the first positioning location and the second positioning location. The arm 16 of transfer device 15 delivers the parison 22 taken off from the supply conveyor belt 27 to a first positioning location, and at a second positioning location, the mold 6 is opened or has been opened so that the extraction device 10 can The product 9 is extracted from the corresponding mold cavity and this extracted product is transferred to the conveyor belt 8 located at the discharge station 3 . The molds 6 can be indexed to these two positioning locations one after the other or in any desired sequence. There can also be two or more positioning locations where the parison 22 is delivered, and at the same time, there can also be two or more positioning locations for taking out the product from the mold cavity. An advantage of the machine shown in FIG. 2 is that it can accommodate a large number of forms 6 . And this machine has provided such a kind of possibility, and promptly, uses conveying device 15 to have two or more arms 16 (only one draws in the figure) or has a pair of adorned two or more grippers 24 (not shown) for placing the parison 22 into two or more molds 6 at the same time. Similarly, the removal device 10 can also be designed to simultaneously remove a plurality of products 9 from two or more mold cavities.

Another advantage of the machine shown in Figure 2 is that it can be equipped with substantially stationary transfer means 15 and removal means 10, respectively. Like this, the distance that the tongs of conveying device 15 must travel and the distance that the tongs of take-out device 10 must travel will be much shorter than the distance that these tongs must travel in the machine of Fig. 1, in Fig. 1 In the machine, the form 6 is mounted on a fixed support 1 . However, the versatility of the machine shown in Figure 2 would be greatly increased if the devices 10 and 15 in Figure 2 were movable relative to the turntable 49 so that they could be easily reached into any selected form 6 on the turntable. By superimposing the movement of the devices 10, 15 and the movement of the turntable 49, it is possible to minimize the period of time required for the newly formed product 9 to be removed from the corresponding mold cavity (i.e. The part is removed from the cavity as soon as the parison blowing step is completed), and the parison is inserted into a new

^* Original text is 150,151, now changes the required time in the model 6 that the person of correction is emptied by the label of Fig. 2 to 50,51, improves the production efficiency of machine shown in Fig. 2. Especially when a large number of molds are supported on the turntable, its peripheral speed is relatively low at this time, so in the process of putting the parison 22 into the mold cavity, and when the product 9 is removed from the mold cavity During the process of taking out, the turntable 49 can keep moving.

FIG. 3 shows a modified machine having three equally spaced open and close molds 6 distributed around the circumference of a dosing table 63 surrounding the parison 22. FIG. The transfer device 15 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is replaced by a different transfer device, this transfer device is a kind of lever type transfer device 52, and the lever 52 has two arms protruding from the vertical axis of rotation 51 to opposite sides, The rotating shaft 51 can move along a circular orbit as shown by the dotted line 62 . Each arm is made up of several parts or segments. Thus, one of the arms has a first section (first part) 53 connected to the pivot 51 and a second section (second part) 54 connected to the first section 53 by a pivot 56 . The free end of the second section 54 is equipped with a clamp 55 for removing the parison 22 from the dispensing table 63 . The other arm of the lever 52 has a first section (first part) 57 mounted on the rotating shaft 51 and a second section (second part) 59 hinged with the first section 57 by a pivot 58 . The free end of the second section 59 is provided with grippers 60 for removing the product 61 from the cavity of the adjacent mold 6 . The jaws 60 are movable up and down to remove the product 61 from the cavity of the adjacent mold 6 .

While the rotating shaft 51 moves along the circular track 62, the lever 52 can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 51. The means for moving the shaft 51 along the circular track 62 are not shown in FIG. 3 . The second segments 54 and 59 are rotatable relative to the corresponding first segments 53 and 57 when the shaft 51 is at rest and/or when the shaft 51 moves along the track 62 . The direction of discharge of the product 61 from the machine shown in Figure 3 is indicated by arrow A. The gripper 60 places the article 61 on a conveyor which moves in the direction indicated by arrow A, performing the task of the conveyor belt 8 in FIGS. 1 and 2 . The working process is preferably arranged such that the action of lifting the formed product 61 from the corresponding mold cavity occurs simultaneously with the action of clamping the parison 22 on the batching table 63 with the tongs 55 . As soon as the parison 22 is placed in an open mold 6 , the modules 25 , 26 of this mold are closed and the stretching and blowing operations begin to blow the parison into an article 61 . The form 6 is mounted on an annular wall member 102 provided on the support 1 . The feed conveyor for the parisons 22 is indicated by arrow B.

Figure 4 shows the means 64 for controlling the movement of the mold modules 25, 26 between open and closed positions, and the means for making the parison 22 into an article 61, as well as the modules 25, 26 for controlling the mold Devices for opening and closing, and operation of blow molding devices.

The control device 64 comprises three cams and cam followers 65 , 66 and 67 . Part 67 is used to open and close the modules 25, 26 of the mold 6; part 66 is used to regulate the amount of pressurized gas entering the parison 22; part 65 is used to initiate and control the movement of the tensile member 78, which 78 elongates the parison 22 in the cavity of the corresponding mold 6 . The control unit 64 also has a cup-shaped rotating member 68 having a horizontal end wall or bottom wall 70 and an annular wall 69 extending upwardly from the end wall 70 and having two grooved cams 74 on an outer surface 72 of the annular wall. , 75, these two grooved cams 74 and 75 form part of parts 65 and 66 respectively. A grooved cam 71 on the bottom surface 73 of the end wall 70 then forms part of the part 67 . The hub 112 of the cup-shaped rotating member 68 is rotatable in anti-friction bearings or other suitable bearings 113 which are mounted on the support 1 .

The above-mentioned annular wall 102 is provided on the support 1, which is used in common by the three molds 6, or, separate vertical walls 102 can also be provided for the three molds. An annular or separating wall 102 supports the roller followers of the follower members 65, 66 and 67 movable thereon. A roller follower 84 is accommodated in the grooved cam 74 and a roller follower 83 is accommodated in the grooved cam 75 . The device 76 for moving the parts of the blowing device as the cup-shaped rotating member 68 rotates relative to the wall 102 (that is, relative to the mold 6) includes a set of linkages, levers and the like, which are controlled by Moving parts 83 and 84 drive them to move. It should be noted that the cam 75 of the follower 83 is located below the cam 74 of the follower 84 .

The upper follower 84 transmits the motion to a compressed gas connection 77 which houses a holder and operator 114 for the valve 200 when pressurized gas, such as compressed air, is to be introduced into the mold When the parison 22 is inside the cavity, the valve 200 must be opened. Holder 114 has means for sealingly engaging projection 80 on parison 22 to prevent escape of pressurized gas when inflating the parison within the cavity of mold 6 and causing it to expand. When the retainer 114 is lowered into sealing engagement with the projection 80 by the movement of the follower 83, the valve 200 is automatically opened thereupon.

The follower 84 initiates and controls the movement of the tensile member 78 . Each mold 6 is provided with a separate tensile member 78 and a separate holder 114 .

The holder 114 shown in Figure 4 is associated with one end of a pivotable lever 79 mounted on a pivot 81 of the wall 102, the short arm of which is associated with a link 82 for transmitting motion, This linkage 82 is driven by a follower 83 of the cam 75 . Movement-transmitting link 82 moves up and down a relatively small distance to enable holder 114 and valve 200 to move up and down a relatively large distance. When the holder 114 is lowered into sealing engagement with the raised portion 80 of the parison 22 in the adjacent mold 6, the valve 200 is automatically opened. When all the pressurized gas of the required flow rate has been input, the cup-shaped rotating part 68 makes the follower 83 pivot the lever 79 in the counterclockwise direction (as shown in Figure 4), so the clamper 114 is lifted upwards, Leaving the raised portion 80, at the same time, the valve 200 is automatically closed, stopping the supply of pressurized gas to the parison 22 (while before that, the parison has become the article 61). The part 67 then opens the corresponding mold 6 so that the gripper 60 can lift the product 61 out of the mold cavity, ready to send it to the conveyor belt which carries out the product 61 in the direction indicated by the arrow A.

A follower 84 on the cam 74 is connected to a link 85 which transmits motion, which in turn transmits motion to an input element 87 of a set of upshift transmissions 86 . The upshift transmission also has an output member 88 and an intermediate (transmitting) member 89 . The output element 88 may be used to move the pinch member 99 of the stretch member 78 at the corresponding stretch blow molding station. The purpose of the intermediate element 89 in the transmission 86 is to convert short displacements of the input element 87 into longer displacements of the output element 88 and the tensile member 78 .

A friction coupling 94 is arranged between the movement-transmitting link 85 and the input element 87 of the transmission 86 . The input element 87 is a belt drive having two toothed pulleys 90, 91 and an internally toothed belt 93 wound around the two toothed pulleys. The friction coupling device 94 is in contact with the outer surface of the internally toothed belt 93 . The outer surface of the inner toothed belt is very rough to ensure sufficient frictional force with the coupling device 94 . The friction coupling device 94 is one, or may have a friction pad mounted on the link 85 for transmitting motion, and presses against the outer surface of the inner toothed belt 93 .

The output element 88 of the transmission 86 also has two toothed pulleys 97 and an internally toothed belt wound around these two toothed pulleys. An internally toothed belt 98 transmits the motion to a pinch member 99 which pushes against the tensile member 78 .

The intermediate member 89 of the transmission 86 includes a large diameter pulley 95 and a small diameter pulley 97 (which may be, for example, an extension of the upper pulley of the output member 88) coaxial with and fixed to the pulley 90 of the input member 87. are coupled together; the pulley 97 transmits torque to the output member 88. An internally toothed endless belt 96 is wound on the pulleys 95 and 97 of the intermediate member 89 to ensure that the tensile member 78 can move a longer distance as the coupling 94 moves up and down a shorter distance. The pinch member 99 may be the same member as the coupling device 94, i.e. it may comprise a friction pad with a rough surface which bears against the rough outer surface of the endless internally toothed belt 98 of the output element 88, Thus, the tension member 78 is driven to move up and down, and the up and down movement of the tension member 78 depends on which part of the contour curve of the cam 74 is driving the follower 84 to move along the track of the cam 74 . Pinch member 99 may be secured to tensile member 78 .

A parison 22 being blown into an article 61 is shown in FIG. 4 . Tensile member 78 is shown in a retracted position in which its lower end is clear of the bottom wall of biaxially stretched parison 22 . When the raised portion 80 and the holder 114 are in sealing engagement, the valve 200 opens, allowing pressurized gas to enter the parison 22 . The holder 114 may have one or more sealing rings that directly engage the raised portion 80 of the parison 22 in the cavity of the adjacent mold 6 . Obviously, the tensile member 78 is fully retracted from the product 61 just produced before the product 61 is lifted out of the cavity of the corresponding mold 6, or removed. At this time, the follower of the cam 71 located on the bottom surface of the end wall 70 of the cup-shaped rotating member 68 holds the modules 25, 26 of the mold 6 in the open position.

The lower part of the link 82 for transmitting movement in FIG. Wall 102 in the figure constitutes a complete garden or combined fence (seeing Fig. 3 ) around three molds 6, and these three molds 6 surround batching platform 63 and track 62 again, and track 62 is above The track of motion of the rotating shaft 51 of the lever 52 that conveys parison and takes out workpiece is housed. As mentioned above, a pair of movement-transmitting members 82, 85 is provided separately for each form 6. As shown in FIG. However, the cup-shaped rotating member 68 and its recirculating ring cams 71, 74 and 75 are common to the three molds 6. The contours of two of the three ring cams, cam 74 and cam 75 , are shown in FIG. 5 in the form of an expanded view.

The cams 74 and 75 are profiled so as not to cause sharp accelerations or decelerations of the linkages 82, 85 transmitting the motion at the three blow molding stations. It is desirable to ensure that the links 82, 85 move at a constant rate which is easily obtained by proper choice of the cams 74 and 75 profile. As shown in Figure 5, the cam 75 has a lobe 103, when the rotating member 68 rotates around its vertical axis and the lobe 103 reaches the corresponding mold 6, the lobe 103 makes the corresponding follower 83 clamp The tool 114 is lowered so that it engages the raised portion 80 of the adjacent parison 22 . The sides 104, 105 of the lobe 103 are preferably at an angle of 100-150° to the horizontal plane of the end wall 70 and the remainder 106 of the cam 75, preferably close to or exactly 135°.

The cam 74 has a first section 112 of lower height, and second sections 107, 108 at the ends of a higher height. The roller follower 84 tracks along the segment 112 while the corresponding tensile member 78 remains in the raised position. The transition region between the two sections 107 - 108 and 112 of the cam 74 is preferably gradual and smooth and forms an angle of 40-60° with respect to the horizontal plane of the end wall 70 . The two transition regions are, or can be, symmetrical to each other.

The maximum angle of the lobe 103 of the cam 75 and the angular difference between the two segments 107-108 and 112 of the cam 74 determine the vertical travel distance of the gripper 114 and the tensile member 78, respectively. In general, the aforementioned height difference should be small in order to avoid excessive acceleration of the links 82 and 85 transmitting the motion.

Also shown in Figure 4 is a gear 168 which forms part of the means for driving the cup-shaped rotating member 68 about its vertical axis. For clarity, only three dies 6 are shown in Figure 3; but the machine in Figures 3 and 4 may comprise two, four or more dies without departing from the essence of the invention.

The conveyor belt 27 of the device feeding the parison 22 to the batching table 2 or 63 can be arranged horizontally above the support 1 . However, it is also possible to arrange this feeding device horizontally below the support of the mold 6, and provide suitable means (such as mechanical lifting means or suction means, these means are not shown in the figure) to move the parison 22 from the The feeding device of height below support 1 mentions the position that height is higher than support, so that clamp parison with clamp 24 or 55.

Fig. 6 shows, can replace movable conveying device (for example as conveying device 15 among Fig. 1) with conveying device 28, and conveying device 28 has one group of fixed chutes 29, and the upper end of each chute 29 is close to batching platform 2, and its The lower end 30 is close to the corresponding form 6 . Each chute 29 forms a channel in which the parison 22 slides by gravity from the batching table 2 to the corresponding mold 6 . The lower end 30 of the chute 29 is equipped with a releasable (for example retractable) locking device, or a material blocking device, or a gate 31, which is used to block the parison 22 close to the corresponding mold 6, and when adjacent Once the mold cavity is ready to receive a new parison, that is, as soon as the newly manufactured product is removed, the gate 31 is automatically retracted.

The parison 22 can be moved away from the discharge end of the feed conveyor 27 by means of appropriate mechanical or pneumatic means, such as nozzles injecting compressed air, and the parison is sent from the conveyor 27 to a selected location. The chute 29 and/or making the parison advance in the chute can also use both gravity and pneumatic action. With the opening of the corresponding mold 6, or after a period of delay after the opening of the mold 6, the locking device 31 can be automatically released (for example, retracted). Or before retracting, the products 9 or 61 that have just been formed are taken out from the mold cavity and provided. After the lock device is opened, the parison can leave the chute 29 and enter the adjacent mold cavity.

Figure 7 shows part of another stretch blow molding machine. In this machine, the device that is used to send the parison 22 into the selected mold 6 has only a single chute 33, the upper end 32 of this chute 33 is close to the batching table 2, and a locking device 35 is equipped with on its lower end . The upper end 32 can rotate around the vertical axis 34, so that the locking device 35 can travel along an arc track near the annularly arranged molds 6, which are arranged around the batching table 2 and are fixedly installed on the support. Seat 1. The device that is used to make single chute 33 rotate around axis 34 can be a stepper motor or any other suitable device, and it can make chute 33 turn over the angle of a required size, makes locking device 35 align and Close to that mold 6 whose cavity is to receive the parison 22 . The indexing alignment device operates according to a predetermined program. The working process is preferably arranged in such a way that after the mold 6 is opened, the locking device 35 is automatically moved to a suitable position, so that the locking device is opened so that the parison 22 enters the cavity of the mold. An automatic delay time, which is necessary to remove the newly formed article from the mold.

The parison 22 can slide away from the chute 33 by gravity and enter the adjacent mold cavity (that is, the inclination angle of the slideway of the chute 33 is properly selected), or, by means of a suitable configuration, it can inject compressed air or inject other suitable fluids. Orient the nozzle to help the parison enter the mold cavity. It is also possible to add a mechanical introduction device or use it instead of a nozzle for spraying compressed air or other fluids.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , the extraction device 10 may be, but need not necessarily be, a support 1 which is accessible from the outside of the form 6 . For example, it may be movably arranged in the area 4 within the circular train 5 of the pattern 6 . This variant is similar to the structure shown in Figure 3, in which the lever 52 is both part of the transfer device for feeding the parison 22 into the mold 6, and is also used to remove the product 61 from the mold cavity. part of the device. The advantage of the structure shown in FIG. 3 is that the extraction device with the grippers 60 is located closer to all the molds 6 ^* than the extraction device 10 in FIG. 1 . On the other hand, the device 10 of FIG. 1 has the advantage that it can be removed without hindering the delivery of the parison 22 by the feed conveyor 27 and the transfer of the parison 22 from the batching table 2 to the mold 6. in the cavity.

It is also possible to further improve the above machine in such a way that the discharge table 3 is arranged in the space 4 within the annular train 5 of the molds 6 arranged around the batching table 2 or 63 .

^* The original text is 3, which is an error of 6-translator

For example, an opening (not shown) can be provided in the support 1 of FIG. Just drop from this opening, and be caught by the collection container that is positioned at support 1 below; Furthermore, a horizontal conveyor belt for products 9 or 61 can also be set above the batching table 2, and equipped with a take-out device 10 with appropriate devices, so that the just-made products 9 taken out can be lifted to this elevated shelf The articles may be attracted to the conveyor belt at the height of the conveyor belt, or the articles may be held on the conveyor belt in any other suitable manner. The advantage of the just described way of removing the product 9 or 61 is that the removal device 10 or the device acting for removal has to cover a relatively short distance from the cavity of the mold 6 to the discharge table higher than the batching table 2 .

All improved method embodiments and all improved machine embodiments have the advantage that the number of blow-molded articles produced per unit of time is greater than with previously known machines and according to heretofore The yield of known methods is high. The reason for this is that the parisons 22 are always transported to a central location within the queue of the forms, regardless of whether the forms are stationary or rotated around the parison compounding table. Even if the mold makes a step-by-step circular motion around the batching table, since the mold is still in a static state when the parison is placed in the mold cavity and/or when the finished product is taken out of the mold cavity, this improvement improves The output of the machine is also high. It is also within the scope of the invention to keep the form 6 in motion during insertion of the parison and removal of the finished blow molded article.

An important advantage of the embodiments of the invention using fixed molds (including the machines of Figures 1 and 3 to 7) is that mounting the molds in this way simplifies the input of pressurized gas, heating liquid, coolant, and simplifies alignment of the mold. The supply of electrical energy to electrically operated or current-consuming parts on or near the form. This is easy to understand because the conduit used to supply pressurized gas to the holder (such as 114) of the valve (such as 200) does not have to include fixed and moving parts, the conduit can run from a fixed source of pressurized gas to each gripper. It is sufficient to use a short flexible conduit so that the gripper 114 can move up and down the distance necessary to tightly engage the sealing member of the gripper with the raised portion 80 of the parison 22 and from the Easy removal of blow molded products from the mold cavity is necessary. Furthermore, if the moving means used to move the gripper 114 and the tensile member 78 relative to the form 6 are co-operating with the fixed form, the construction of these moving means is simple and inexpensive. It has been found that the service life of the sealing elements used with the stationary mold is the expectation of the sealing elements used to prevent the pressurized gas in the machine from escaping from the moving mold during the process of blowing the parison into a hollow product. several times the lifespan.

Another reason for requiring the form to be fixed is that this simplifies the design of the components used to supply the form with heating and cooling fluid, specifically water. It is known that the adaptability and utilization of the improved machine can be increased hundreds of times by using a set of stationary forms with a parison batching station in the center. The improved machine has the same effect in terms of operating economy. Blow molding machines with fixed molds are very simple, compact and reliable. Its control is simple and cheap, and requires much less energy than traditional blow molding machines in which the mold moves around the garden. In addition, the control is more reliable and the precision of operation is much higher than that of a blow molding machine with circular movement of the model.

Another important advantage of the improved machine, whether it uses fixed or movable moulds, is that it can be easily adjusted to blow two or more different types of blows in one simultaneous operation. Plastic products. This can be done using the same few parisons, or using two or more parisons of different types and/or different sizes. The adjustment of the blowing process is very simple and reliable, ensuring that the wall thickness of each blow-molded product reaches or is very close to the optimal wall thickness required. In this way, significant economical benefits are achieved with regard to the consumption of thermoplastic material, since the amount of material required to make a single article can be calculated precisely in advance.

Since the control devices (including detectors, sensors, adjustment devices, measuring devices and other devices) used in machines with fixed molds are not subjected to excessive stress and can be fixedly installed near the controlled parts, therefore The detectors, sensors and similar components used in the machine of the invention are of a high quality of work and they are able to control the operation of the machine with a precision hitherto unmatched by blow molding machines. Thus, the improved machine can be controlled by a computerized control system. However, it is also within the scope of the present invention to use semi-automatic or manually operated controls in the machine. Regardless of the type of control device selected (whether it is program-controlled, semi-automatically controlled or manually controlled), the machine can individually select the best heating and/or cooling procedures for each model; individual selection type The time that the blank is sealed in each mold cavity, if the improved machine is a stretch blow molding machine, the degree of biaxial stretching of the blank can also be adjusted individually; or, any one can be selected individually Or all parameters that affect product quality and machine efficiency. For example, the control means of the machine can individually select the temperature profile of each mold 6 taking into account the properties of the thermoplastic material of the different parisons fed into each mold. If the machine of the present invention is used to make containers such as bottles, it can produce high quality bottles that are 5% to 20% lighter than bottles of the same size produced by conventional machines.

Each of the machines shown can be operated in such a way that the parison 22 is immediately inserted into this vacated form 6 as soon as the newly manufactured product 9 or 61 is taken out. This mode of operation is independent of whether the machine uses a fixed form or a set of forms that move around the parison dispensing table as a circle. The mode of placing the parison 22 and taking out the product 9 or 61 just described can reduce the number of necessary interruptions of the pattern's circular movement when the pattern is in circular motion, because at least one parison can be placed in each interrupted movement, and at the same time At least one product can be removed. The reduction of the number of interruptions in the movement of the mold circle helps the machine to run more smoothly, helps to increase the output of the machine, and helps to improve the reliability of the blowing process, because the parison in the mold cavity does not have to be as the currently known , Modeling as a machine that moves around the garden is often accelerated and decelerated.

Locating the parison dispensing table 2 or 63 at or near the center of a circle of stationary or rotating forms also has important advantages. For example, when the parisons are supplied in the hitherto known manner, the parison dispensing table to which the new parisons are fed is arranged outside the circular track of the rotating mold. Therefore, it is always necessary to slow down the speed of movement of the mold that will receive the parison, or to block the mold in specific ways, likewise, in conventional machines, when removing the finished product from the mold cavity. The repeated acceleration and deceleration of the form requires extensive controls and entails a great deal of wear and tear on the moving parts. Moreover, as already pointed out above, conventional blow molding machines are not suitable for the simultaneous production of two or more different types of blow molded articles, since this would make the control and control of electrical energy, heating fluid, coolant and pressurized gas Regulation is more complicated.

The machine shown in Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 7 also has other advantages, namely, the weight of the moving parts (such as the device 10, 15 in Figure 1, the lever 52 in Figure 3, and the chute 33 in Figure 7) It is only a very small part of the combined weight of the form and its swivel support. This reduces the energy required by the devices that move the parts, and also enables the devices to move the parts at a much higher speed than a turntable containing a large number of patterns. Furthermore, the acceleration or deceleration of the transfer device and/or the take-out device takes much less time than the acceleration or deceleration of a large number of molds mounted on a rotary support.

Without further analysis, the above-mentioned content has disclosed the gist of the present invention so fully that people can easily apply the present invention to various occasions without losing its characteristics by virtue of existing knowledge. From a technical point of view, these features constitute the essential characteristics of the present invention's contribution to the technical field, both general and specific. Therefore, this application should and actually also falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (72)

1. A method of manipulating thermoplastic blanks and making blow molded articles, comprising a feeding step of feeding a parison to a batching table; a positioning step of placing a plurality of blow molds around the batching table; feeding a single parison from a batching table The transfer step of the station into the individual mold; the blowing step of making the parison in the corresponding mold into a blow-molded article; and the extraction step of taking the article out of the corresponding mold. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of removing the article from the form immediately precedes the step of transferring the parison into the corresponding form. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said positioning step includes placing at least two molds around the batching station, and the step of blowing the parison in one of the at least two molds is the same as placing The step of feeding the parison into the other of the two molds takes place simultaneously, and vice versa. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said conveying step is to convey the parison along an arc-shaped track before the parison is put into the mold. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said arcuate track is a circular track, and the removing step includes transferring the article from the corresponding mold to the center of the circular track. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said arcuate track is a circular track and the removing step includes conveying the product away from the center of the circular track. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said positioning step includes placing the form on a ring surrounding the batching table, and the transferring step includes clamping the parison on the batching table and clamping The parison is sent to the mold located on the ring. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing step includes lifting the article out of the corresponding mold. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising clamping the form so that it remains stationary relative to the movement of the batching table during the steps of feeding, conveying, blowing and taking out and the transfer of the parison to one of the molds occurs simultaneously with the blowing of the parison in the other mold into an article. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said transferring and removing steps include at least one continuously operating conveyor between the batching table and the mold. And this conveyor is equipped with tools for receiving parisons at the batching table and for placing the received parisons into the molds and for receiving products from the molds. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said transferring step includes transferring the parisons on the dispensing table into the mold in a predetermined order, and the removing step includes transferring the products in the mold in a predetermined order Remove from the form. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of transferring utilizes a single parison movable gripper. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing step includes lifting the product from the corresponding mold and delivering the lifted product to a product storage and discharge device. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of transferring includes simultaneously removing a plurality of parisons from the dispensing station. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the removing step includes removing the article from at least two molds simultaneously. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of transferring includes pneumatically transferring the parison from the batching table into the mold. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing step includes pneumatically removing the article from the mold. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of conveying includes conveying the parison using gravity feed. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing step includes expelling the product using gravity. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of conveying includes conveying the parison with pressurized gas. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing step includes expelling the product with pressurized gas. 22. Machines for manipulating thermoplastic blanks and blow-molded articles, especially stretch-blow-molded articles, comprising means for constituting a batching table; means for feeding parisons to the batching table; Blow molding moulds; means for transferring parisons from the batching station into the molds for blowing them into blow-molded articles; and means for removing the articles from the moulds. 23. A machine as claimed in claim 22, further comprising a stand for supporting the form. 24. A machine as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that the support is fixed and the transfer means is movable relative to the batching table and the molds mounted on the support. 25. The machine of claim 23 further comprising means for moving the form relative to the batching table. 26. Machine according to claim 25, characterized in that the moving means forms a predetermined track for the form; the conveying means comprises means for transferring the parison into the form in the first part of the track; and the extracting means comprises The device that ejects the product from the mold located in the second section of the track. 27. A machine as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that the transfer means is fixed relative to the support. 28. A machine as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that the transfer means is movable relative to the support. 29. The machine of claim 22 wherein the transfer means includes a plurality of jaws for gripping the plurality of parisons and means for moving the jaws between the dispensing table and the mold. 30. The machine of claim 22 wherein the transfer means includes a plurality of grippers for gripping a plurality of parisons. 31. The machine of claim 22 wherein the transfer means includes a plurality of jaws gripping a plurality of parisons and means for moving the jaws at least at a constant speed between the dispensing table and the mold. 32. A machine as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the transfer means comprises a plurality of grippers for gripping a plurality of parisons, and in that the removal means are provided on the transfer means. 33. The machine of claim 22, wherein the transfer means includes a plurality of clamps for clamping a plurality of parisons, and a dispensing station where the clamps hold the parisons and where the clamps release the parisons Means for moving these clamps between the molds, and means for controlling said moving means. 34. Machine according to claim 33, characterized in that the conveying means comprises a lever having a plurality of arms and means for rotating the lever about an axis arranged between the arms, the clamp being arranged on one of the arms , while the removal device is set on the other arm. 35. A machine as claimed in claim 34, characterized in that the control means includes means for rotating said shaft about the batching table along a substantially circular orbit. 36. Machine according to claim 34, characterized in that each arm comprises a first part which is rotatable about an axis and a second part which is rotatable relative to the first part, the gripper and extraction means being mounted on the second part of the respective arm. partly on. 37. The machine of claim 34 wherein the control means includes means for aligning the take-off means with a mold containing the article and for aligning the jaws with a parison located on the batching table. 38. A machine as claimed in claim 37, characterized in that the formers are openable and closable. 39. The machine of claim 22, wherein each mold is an open and closed mold, the mold having a plurality of modules to form the cavity for receiving the parison and the article, in the open position and in the closed position At least one module of each mold can move relative to at least one other module. In the open position, the parison can be placed in the chamber or removed from the chamber. In the closed position, the parison or product confined within the chamber. 40. The machine of claim 39, further comprising means for moving at least one of the at least two modules of the form between open and closed positions, and means for controlling the movement of the moving means. 41. The machine of claim 40 wherein the control means comprises a cam and a cam follower. 42. The machine of claim 41 wherein the control means further includes means for moving the cam means relative to the form. 43. The machine of claim 42 wherein the cam means comprises at least one annular cam surrounding the batching table. 44. A machine as claimed in claim 40 wherein the control means includes a rotary member and means for driving the rotary member to rotate about an axis on the batching table. 45. The machine according to claim 44, wherein the rotating member comprises an end wall, the control means further comprising cam means on the end wall and follower means following the movement of the cam, and said means rotate with The rotation of the parts can manipulate the movement of one module in each of the two molds relative to the other module of the corresponding mold. 46. Machine according to claim 45, characterized in that the rotating member further comprises an annular wall and additional cam means mounted on the annular wall, and means for blowing the parison into an article, the blowing means having An additional follower following the movement of the additional cam. 47. A machine as claimed in claim 46, characterized in that the additional cam means on the annular wall comprises at least one grooved cam. 48. Machine according to claim 46, characterized in that the blowing means comprise a valve for the flow of pressurized gas into the parison of the mold cavity, and means for actuating the valve, the actuating means being driven by an additional follower . 49. A machine according to claim 48, characterized in that the manipulating means comprises a retainer for retaining the valve, and that the retainer can be moved with the rotation of the rotating member and the consequent displacement of the additional follower. Reciprocating motion relative to the parison in the mold cavity. 50. A machine according to claim 49, wherein each gripper includes means for sealing the parison in the mold cavity so as to prevent gas from escaping from the parison when the valve is open . 51. Machine according to claim 46, characterized in that the blowing means comprise means for mechanically stretching the parison in the mold cavity, the stretching means being driven by said additional follower means. 52. A machine as claimed in claim 51, characterized in that the blowing means further comprise a step-up transmission between the stretching means and the additional follow-up means. 53. The machine according to claim 52, characterized in that the up-speed transmission means comprises an input element driven by an additional follow-up means, an output element coupled to the stretching means and acting with it, and driven by the input element. And transmit this movement to the output element, and make the movement distance of the output element greater than the intermediate element of the movement distance of the input element. 54. The machine of claim 53 wherein at least one element of the transmission is a belt and pulley drive. 55. The machine according to claim 53, characterized in that the intermediate element is a belt and pulley drive having a large diameter pulley driven by the input element, a small diameter pulley driven by the output element and an annular flexible belt wound around the pulley. element. 56. The machine of claim 53 wherein the transfer means further includes a frictional coupling between the additional follower means and the input member. 57. A machine as claimed in claim 48, further comprising a frictional coupling between the additional follower and the blowing means. 58. A machine as claimed in claim 48 wherein the additional cam means on the annular wall comprises a single lobe which drives the additional follower means to open the valve. 59. Machine according to claim 58, characterized in that the two sides of the lobes are at an angle of 100-150° to the rest of the additional cam means on the annular wall. 60. The machine of claim 59 wherein at least said one angle is approximately 135°. 61. The machine of claim 48, wherein the additional cam means on the annular wall includes a first cam and a second cam, and the additional follower means includes a first follower and a follower following the movement of the first cam. The second follower of the second cam movement, the end wall is basically horizontal, and the rotating member rotates around the vertical axis. The above-mentioned first follower is connected with the holder and acts together. The height of the first cam is lower than The height of the second cam, the blowing device also includes a device for mechanically stretching the parison in the die cavity, and a device driven by the second follower to move the stretching device relative to the die. 62. The machine of claim 61 wherein the second cam is an annular cam and includes a first section at a first height and a second region at a second height different from the first height part. 63. The machine of claim 62 wherein the height of the first section is lower than the height of the second section. 64. The machine of claim 62 wherein the length of the first section on the circumference of the annular wall is equal to or approximately equal to the length of the second section. 65. The machine of claim 62 wherein the second cam further includes a gradual transition between the first and second sections. 66. Machine according to claim 65, characterized in that the transition zone is inclined at an angle of between 40 and 60° with respect to said two sections. 67. Machine according to claim 22, characterized in that the transfer means comprises at least one chute for the parisons. 68. Machine as claimed in claim 67, characterized in that the chute has such an inclination that gravity ensures that the parison entering the chute slides into the mold. 69. The machine of claim 22 wherein the transfer means includes at least one chute and means for pneumatically transferring the parisons in the chute from the batching station to the selected mold. 70. The machine of claim 22, wherein the transfer means is provided with a chute for each form, each chute having an upper end adjacent to the dispensing table and a lower end adjacent to the corresponding form, the transfer means also Includes releasable latch at the lower end of the chute. 71. The machine of claim 22 wherein the form forms a ring around the batching station. 72. The machine of claim 71 wherein the dosing table is located at or near the center of said ring.

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