CN103918957A - 一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法 - Google Patents
一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法,按照以下步骤进行:步骤1:首先制备微酸性电解水复配溶液;步骤2:将谷物类植物的块茎按照常规方法制备切分加工;步骤3:再用微酸性电解水复配溶液浸泡处理薯片2-5min。本发明的有益效果是可有效降低油炸植物块茎类食品的丙烯酰胺含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油炸谷物类食品制作技术领域,涉及一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法。
背景技术
2002年,瑞典国家食品管理局和瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学联合发表声明称在某些高温油炸食品(如炸薯条、炸土豆片、谷物、面包等)中发现含量很高的丙烯酰胺,之后挪威、英国、瑞士和美国等国家也相继报道了类似结果。国际癌症研究机构将丙烯酰胺列为2A类致癌物,人或动物机体在高暴露量的情况下神经系统会受到一定的损害。在动物实验中,丙烯酸胺已经被证实具有生殖毒性、致突变性和致癌性。
对食品中丙烯酰胺研究主要集中在富含淀粉的食品中,并且发现这类食品中丙烯酰胺含量较高。食品中丙烯酷胺的残留量与加工烹调方式、温度、时间、水分等有关,不同食品加工方式和条件不同,不同批次生产出的相同食品,其丙烯酰胺含量也会有很大不同。对热加工食品中丙烯酰胺产生机理的研究表明,丙烯酰胺是由游离的天冬酰胺通过美拉德反应而形成的,这一途径被称为天冬酰胺途径。如今这一机理基本得到确认。
根据丙烯酰胺形成的上述理论,如果去除食品原料中的游离的天冬酰胺或者抑制美拉德反应的进行,热加工时食品中丙烯酰胺的形成就会受到抑制。对富含淀粉的植物块茎食品原料进行有效的前处理,可以降低此类油炸食品的丙烯酰胺含量,提高食品的安全性能。
许多研究表明,在热加工过程中降低或抑制丙烯酰胺产生的途径主要有两种,一是通过改变热加工的条件,包括热加工方式、时间、温度、添加食品添加剂等来实现;二是通过改变食品的加工属性来实现。一些研究人员在土豆烘烤的实验中研究发现,当反应体系的pH值为8时,丙烯酰胺的含量最高,可通过添加柠檬酸降低体系的pH值来抑制美拉德反应中Schiff碱的形成,从而进一步影响丙烯酰胺的形成。还有人探讨了有机酸、亚硫酸等对丙烯酰胺产生的抑制作用。但是这些化学试剂的添加往往会造成其不同程度的残留,并且影响到加工后食品的风味。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法,解决了现有的谷物类植物块茎加工中丙烯酰胺过高的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是按照以下步骤进行:
步骤1:首先制备微酸性电解水复配溶液;
步骤2:将谷物类植物的块茎按照常规方法制备切分加工;
步骤3:再用微酸性电解水复配溶液浸泡处理薯片2-5min。
本发明的特点还在于步骤1中微酸性电解水复配溶液的制备采用电解质浓度为1%的CaCl2与水的溶液,电解电压为24V,电解电流为0.1A,然后进行电解,所得微酸性电解水理化指标达到pH为5.0至6.5,有效氯浓度为2至10mg/l,然后按照体积比添加VC和Ve,VC:电解水为1:200-1000、Ve:电解水为1:500-1500,震荡混匀后得到微酸性电解水复配溶液。
进一步,谷物类植物块茎包括马铃薯或红薯。
本发明的有益效果是可有效降低油炸植物块茎类食品的丙烯酰胺含量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法详细实施步骤为:
步骤1:微酸性电解水复配溶液的制备:采用电解质浓度为1%的CaCl2与水的溶液,电解电压为24V,电解电流为0.1A,然后进行电解,所得微酸性电解水理化指标达到pH为5.0至6.5,有效氯浓度为2至10mg/l。按照体积比添加VC(VC:电解水为1:200-1000)、Ve(Ve:电解水为1:500-1500),震荡混匀后得到微酸性电解水复配溶液。
步骤2:将谷物类植物的块茎按照常规方法制备切分加工,优选将新鲜马铃薯、红薯按照常规方法制备切分加工成片状;
步骤3:用微酸性电解水复配溶液浸泡片状的谷物块茎,如马铃薯、红薯片2-5min(分钟),完成油炸前处理。
接下来可对浸泡处理后的马铃薯、红薯片进行热加工,如油炸等。本发明采用微酸性电解水、Vc以及VE的复合溶液为处理体系,对切分后的马铃薯、红薯等植物块茎进行浸泡前处理,可有效降低油炸后的丙烯酰胺含量,且保持油炸食品的风味。
对本发明方法进行以下实验验证:
将新鲜马铃薯、红薯洗净,晾干或用纱布吸干表面水分,去皮,用刀片制备成0.25cm厚薄均匀的片,再用刀片切成3.5cm×2.0cm大小,清水洗去表面淀粉,吸干表面多余水分。分别称取50g,其一置于蒸馏水中5min,作为空白对照,其二置于微酸性电解水复配溶液中浸泡2-5min,分别沥干,置于170℃花生油中油炸10min,取出冷却,装入封口袋中。粉碎、冻干后备用。
丙烯酰胺的提取与纯化:准确称取5.0g粉碎均质的油炸马铃薯片样品于50mL的塑料离心管中,加30mL0.1%的甲酸水溶液,于涡轮混合仪上旋涡震荡20min后再在低速离心机上5000r/min离心20min,撤去油层取上清液于5mL塑料离心管中;在-24℃条件下冷冻10-12h,常温解冻后在高速离心机上15000r/min离心20min,取上清液过0.45μm的水系针筒式微孔滤膜,再取2mL滤液过经预先处理的固相萃取小柱(预处理是先让2mL甲醉全部通过小柱,然后让2mL水全部通过小柱),待样液全部通过小柱后用1mL水冲洗,弃去滤液,最后用2mL洗脱液(10%甲醇+90%水+0.1%甲酸)洗脱,弃去最初的0.5mL滤液,收集剩余的滤液用于液相色谱分析。
丙烯酰胺色谱检测条件:流动相由A、B、C三相组成,A:B:C=98.9:1:0.1,其中A为超纯水,B为乙睛,C为0.1%的乙酸水溶液。流速:0.15mL/min。进样量:30μL。保留时间:8.4min。检测波长:202nm。柱温:26℃。
实验结果:每组重复三次,数据以平均值±标准偏差表示,采用邓肯法进行多重比较。结果以抑制率表示,,具体计算公式为:
抑制率(%)=(对照组-处理组)/对照组×100%。
结果如表1所示微酸性电解水复配溶液对油炸马铃薯片产生丙烯酰胺的抑制作用,与蒸馏水浸泡5min相比,用微酸性电解水复配溶液浸泡后制得的油炸薯片丙烯酰胺含量均有降低,2min处理和5min处理的抑制率分别为0.35和0.6876。
表1
注:不同字母表示存在统计上的差异(P<0.05),此实例采用复配溶液为:微酸性电解水+1:400VC+1:1000VE。
表2为不同微酸性电解水复配溶液对油炸马铃薯片产生丙烯酰胺的抑制作用。
表2
注:不同字母表示存在统计上的差异(P<0.05),此实例采用复配溶液分别为:1微酸性电解水+1:200VC+1:1000VE;2微酸性电解水+1:250VC+1:750VE;3微酸性电解水+1:400VC+1:1000VE;4微酸性电解水+1:600VC+1:1500VE;5微酸性电解+1:800VC+1:800VE;6微酸性电解水+1:800VC+1:1000VE。
由以上实验可看出,本发明提供的微酸性电解水复配溶液用于油炸薯片的丙烯酰胺抑制剂在使用时,其中对丙烯酰胺的抑制率是通过测定比较无处理和处理后的马铃薯片在热处理加工过程中产生的丙烯酰胺含量来确定的,其中丙烯酰胺含量采用液相色谱法进行。经测定表明,该前处理方法对丙烯酰胺的抑制率在35%至68%左右。本发明的用途具有很好的工业实用性,操作简单,安全性好。
Claims (3)
1.一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法,其特征在于:按照以下步骤进行:
步骤1:首先制备微酸性电解水复配溶液;
步骤2:将谷物类植物的块茎按照常规方法制备切分加工;
步骤3:再用微酸性电解水复配溶液浸泡处理薯片2-5min。
2.按照权利要求1所述一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中微酸性电解水复配溶液的制备采用电解质浓度为1%的CaCl2与水的溶液,电解电压为24V,电解电流为0.1A,然后进行电解,所得微酸性电解水理化指标达到pH为5.0至6.5,有效氯浓度为2至10mg/l,然后按照体积比添加VC和Ve,VC:电解水为1:200-1000、Ve:电解水为1:500-1500,震荡混匀后得到微酸性电解水复配溶液。
3.按照权利要求1所述一种降低油炸谷物类食品丙烯酰胺含量的前处理方法,其特征在于:所述谷物类植物块茎包括马铃薯或红薯。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105394655A (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-16 | 云南农业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯食品中丙烯酰胺形成的协同阻断方法 |
| CN117796520A (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-02 | 湖南省产商品质量检验研究院 | 丙烯酰胺抑制剂及其应用、降低食品中丙烯酰胺的方法 |
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| CN1770982A (zh) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-05-10 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 降低氨基化合物加热过程中丙烯酰胺生成量的方法 |
| US20080299273A1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2008-12-04 | Ajay Rajeshwar Bhaskar | Method of reducing acryalmide by treating a food product |
| CN101773232A (zh) * | 2010-01-08 | 2010-07-14 | 中国农业大学 | 强酸性电解水的一种新用途 |
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| US20080299273A1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2008-12-04 | Ajay Rajeshwar Bhaskar | Method of reducing acryalmide by treating a food product |
| CN1770982A (zh) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-05-10 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 降低氨基化合物加热过程中丙烯酰胺生成量的方法 |
| CN101773232A (zh) * | 2010-01-08 | 2010-07-14 | 中国农业大学 | 强酸性电解水的一种新用途 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105394655A (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-16 | 云南农业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯食品中丙烯酰胺形成的协同阻断方法 |
| CN117796520A (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-02 | 湖南省产商品质量检验研究院 | 丙烯酰胺抑制剂及其应用、降低食品中丙烯酰胺的方法 |
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