CN103819276B - A kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241000195474 Sargassum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004159 Potassium persulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 241000206572 Rhodophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- -1 aldehyde compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
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- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBZYPBGPOGJMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6 anhydrogalactose Natural products CCC=CCC1C(CC(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(O)=O)CCC1=O IBZYPBGPOGJMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-BGPJRJDNSA-N 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-BGPJRJDNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCQFFOLNJVGHLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-Me ether-Punctatin+ Natural products O1C(O)C(O)C2OCC1C2O DCQFFOLNJVGHLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001428166 Eucheuma Species 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical group OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamtannin B-2 Natural products O=CC(O)C1OCC(O)C1O WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical group CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer and preparation method thereof.By weight, a kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer dosage of crosslinking agent 2 ~ 200 parts, initiator amount 3 ~ 200 parts, carrageenin consumption 1 ~ 100 part, vinylformic acid consumption 2 ~ 800 parts, diatomite consumption 10 ~ 900 parts, specific source of manure consumption 40 ~ 300 parts.The outer super absorbent resin surface irregularity of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer of the present invention and porous, internal layer carrageenin gel matrix surface is smooth and fine and close, water holdup and the water retention of soil can be increased, fall low-moisture evaporation, extend the watering period of soil, improve the utilization ratio of moisture, can keep soil from packing together simultaneously, have good slow-releasing, ultimate compression strength is high, is conducive to the production and transport of fertilizer and actual use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop fertiliser production Application Areas, more specifically point out, the present invention relates to a kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The Sustainable development of agricultural is the basis of human society, sustainable economic development.China has a large population in a small area, the limited amount of per capita land resources, particularly cultivated land resource, resolve food problem, just must improve the output on unit soil.Apply fertilizer for increases in grain production, to get agricultural profit and the aspect such as preservation of fertility serves active effect, it has been recognized that soil fertility keeps the importance to crop yield.Soil nutrient is the most important basic substance of soil fertility, and fertilizer is then the main source of soil nutrient, is thus also one of important substance basis of agricultural sustainable development.From 1977 to 2005, the consumption that China synthesizes nitrogenous fertilizer is every year increased to 2,621 ten thousand tons from 7,070,000 tons, but compare with the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of developed country 45%, the utilization ratio of China's farmland nitrogenous fertilizer is only 30% ~ 35%, low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer causes serious problem of environmental pollution, as soil acidification, body eutrophication and greenhouse gas emission etc.In the face of population, grain, resource, Environment and energy Five problems, the Sustainable development of agricultural is subject to paying attention to more and more widely, and exploitation slow release fertilizer is the effective way improving utilization rate of fertilizer.In numerous nitrogenous fertilizer, urea is used with relative low production cost on a large scale due to its higher nitrogen content.The slow release product of urea is generally divided into two classes: (1) urea and aldehyde compound generation condensation reaction, obtains urea aldehydes condensation slow release fertilizer; (2) polymer capsule process is carried out to urea granules.Wherein, polymer science and technology obtain in recent years and develop on a large scale very much, can be designed to film material fertilizer being carried out to controllable release, and therefore, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of polymer capsule has good development prospect.Along with the continuous enhancing of scarcity and people's environmental consciousness day by day of petroleum resources, utilizing reproducible natural resource to prepare environmentally friendly coated fertilizer has been one of important topic of current research.Vegetable polysaccharides is due to its wide material sources, recyclability, nontoxic inexpensive and biological degradability and be prepared to multiple matrix type composite material.
Carrageenin, also known as carrageenin, carrageeman, is be present in the lyophilic colloid in some red algaes, can extracts from the red algaes such as Eucheuma muricatum (Gmel.) Web． Van Bos．, is a kind of Linear Polymer polysaccharide having Important Economic to be worth.Red algae kind containing carrageenin basic structure reaches more than 80 and plants, different marine alga kinds contain the type of carrageenin and quantity different.The carrageenin in different red algae source has different fine structures, and its colloidal property is not identical yet; Even same source, different technique extraction conditions causes different molecular weight degradations, and product property is also discrepant, and therefore carrageenin is the title of a broad sense.Various carrageenin is all linear polysaccharides that the α-D-galactose unit of β-D-semi-lactosi and the Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-be connected connected by 1,3-is alternately formed by connecting.Wherein 1,3-connects unit with the appearance of 2-and 4-sulfuric ester form, also may not exist; Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-connection unit occurs with 2-and 6-sulfuric ester form, or with 2,6-di-sulfate, or occur with forms such as 3,6-Anhydrogalactose bases.On basic polymkeric substance, substituent multiple possibility makes the diversification of forms of carrageenin, but they can regard the mutation of several desirable representative polysaccharide as, and the carrageenin named has Kappa, Lambda, Iota, Mu, Nu, Theta, Xi type carrageenin etc.Carrageenin gel matrix is used widely in drug delivery system and special packet mould material, but as coated fertilizer, there is not been reported in agricultural.
Obtaining a kind of All Pure Nature gel matrix of ionomer by dripping carrageenan gum solution in the mixed aqueous solution to calcium chloride and Repone K, the physical strength of carrageenin gel can be improved like this and reduce its fragility.Except fertilizer, water is the important factor of another restriction agricultural development, and China is one of country that lack of water is the most serious in the world, and lack of water is considered to the chief threat of grain long-term safety.Diatom in diatomite has many different shapes, and as discoid, needle-like, tubular, pinniform etc., aerated density is 0.3 ~ 0.5g/cm
3, Mohs' hardness is 1 ~ 1.5 (diatomaceous skeletal particulate is 4.5 ~ 5mm), and porosity reaches 80 ~ 90%, can absorb the water of itself weight 1.5 ~ 4 times.Super absorbent resin is a kind of hydrophilic high molecular material, and it can absorb self hundred times even water of several thousand times, is formed water insoluble but can at the swelling tridimensional network of water camber, even if still have good water absorbing and retaining properties under elevated pressure.Due to the water absorbing and retaining properties of its uniqueness, super absorbent resin is widely applied in agroforestry, and it can improve Soil structure, reduces the watering period and improve efficiency of water application etc.
Summary of the invention
In order to utilize the feature of above-mentioned current material, and expanding its Application Areas, the invention discloses a kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Prepare a kind of water-maintaining slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of double-deck coating.Its kernel is source of manure particle, and internal layer coated fertilizer is carrageenin gel matrix, and outer coated fertilizer is carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acid/diatomite super absorbent resin.First, super absorbent resin is used as outer coated fertilizer, and this process also reduces the loss of fertilizer while maintaining super absorbent resin water-absorbing-retaining function.Secondly, carrageenin gel matrix is introduced in the preparation of slow release fertilizer, can reduce the production cost of product and improve the biodegradability of product.In addition, we wish that this coated fertilizer can delay the release of nitrogen, improve the consumption etc. of soil moisture and minimizing irrigation water.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: by weight, a kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer dosage of crosslinking agent 2 ~ 200 parts, initiator amount 3 ~ 200 parts, carrageenin consumption 1 ~ 100 part, vinylformic acid consumption 2 ~ 800 parts, diatomite consumption 10 ~ 900 parts, specific source of manure consumption 40 ~ 300 parts.
Described linking agent is glycidyl methacrylate, N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide, Vinylstyrene, vulcabond wherein a kind of or wherein weight ratio arbitrarily multiple mixture.
Described initiator is Potassium Persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, ammonium persulphate multiple mixture that is a kind of or wherein any weight ratio.
Described carrageenin is the multiple mixture of a kind of of Kappa, Lambda, Iota, Mu, Nu, Theta, Xi type carrageenin or wherein any weight ratio.
The described source of manure can be nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and composite fertilizer, as urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride etc.
A kind of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer, concrete preparation comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acid/diatomite super absorbent resin
Under nitrogen protection, carrageenin and water are dissolved 30 minutes by a certain percentage in a kettle., water temperature 80 DEG C.Shape after homogeneous transparent solution is dissolved into completely until carrageenin, be cooled to 60 DEG C, add a certain amount of vinylformic acid, N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide and diatomite powder, stir 10 minutes, then certain density ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added initiated polymerization in reactor.This polyreaction continues to stop after 3 hours at 80 DEG C, stores for future use after product drying, pulverizing, excessively 100 ~ 200 eye mesh screens.
(2) preparation of carrageenin gel matrix
Carrageenin is dissolved in distilled water, being prepared into carrageenin concentration is 0.1% (w/v) solution, the extruding of this polysaccharide soln is dropped to calcium chloride (3% is housed, and Repone K (3% w/v), in the reactor of w/v) mixing solutions, stir, this polysaccharide mixing solutions forms transparent gel matrix under the effect of ionomer, and this gel matrix is kept 30min in salts solution.
(3) preparation of slow release fertilizer
First, be that the source of manure particle within the scope of 2.0 ~ 2.5mm is placed in disk, rotary disk under the effect of atomized water by particle diameter, carrageenin gel matrix is wrapped on particle as inner investment material.Subsequently, will wrap up in transfer of granules to the 40 DEG C baking oven of one deck carrageenin gel matrix, after oven dry, repeated operation above until reach certain internal layer membrane wrapping thickness.Finally, 100 ~ 200 order carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acids/diatomite super absorbent resin powder is put into disk, rotary disk, super absorbent resin is made to be wrapped on particle as peplos material, thus obtain the double-contracting film fertiliser granulates of surface uniform densification, and in 40 DEG C of baking ovens dry for standby.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) outer super absorbent resin surface irregularity and porous, internal layer carrageenin gel matrix surface is smooth and fine and close;
(2) the water-absorbing-retaining experiment of coated fertilizer in soil shows, add water holdup and water retention that a small amount of coated fertilizer just can increase soil, fall low-moisture evaporation, extend the watering period of soil, improve the utilization ratio of moisture, can keep soil from packing together simultaneously;
(4) fertilizer place into the soil 25 days after source of manure release rate be 94%, illustrate that it has good slow-releasing;
(5) carrageenin gel matrix is biodegradable coated fertilizer, is applied in agricultural, contributes to alleviating the problem of environmental pollution caused owing to using non-degradable organic synthesis base polymer material;
(6) after coating, the ultimate compression strength of fertiliser granulates improves 10%, is conducive to the production and transport of fertilizer and actual use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer structure schematic diagram: (1) source of manure particle, (2) carrageenin gel coat, (3) carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acid/diatomite super absorbent resin layer;
Fig. 2 is the release rate time history plot of HFN001 nitrogen;
Fig. 3 is that different fertilizer adds rate of utilization to the effect diagram of specific retesion of soil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, in further detail the present invention is described.Embodiment below should be understood and be only not used in the restriction scope of the invention for illustration of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Prepare high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer.
(1) preparation of carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acid/diatomite super absorbent resin
By weight, under nitrogen protection, carrageenin 5g and water 500g is dissolved 30 minutes in a kettle., water temperature 80 DEG C.Be dissolved into shape after homogeneous transparent solution completely until carrageenin, be cooled to 60 DEG C, add 7g vinylformic acid, 12g linking agent N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide and 300g diatomite powder, stir 10 minutes.Then initiator 21g ammonium persulphate is added initiated polymerization in reactor.This polyreaction continues to stop after 3 hours at 80 DEG C, stores for future use after product drying, pulverizing, excessively 80 eye mesh screens.
(2) preparation of carrageenin gel matrix
Be dissolved in 40L distilled water by 40g carrageenin, being prepared into carrageenin concentration is 0.1% (w/v) solution.The extruding of this polysaccharide soln being dropped to and 40L Klorvess Liquid concentration is housed is in the reactor of 3% (w/v), stir, this polysaccharide mixing solutions forms transparent gel matrix under the effect of ionomer, and this gel matrix is kept 30min in salts solution.
(3) preparation of slow release fertilizer
First, be that the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate particle within the scope of 2.0 ~ 2.5mm is placed in disk, rotary disk under the effect of atomized water by particle diameter, carrageenin gel matrix is wrapped on dipotassium hydrogen phosphate particle as inner investment material.Subsequently, will wrap up in dipotassium hydrogen phosphate transfer of granules to the 40 DEG C baking oven of one deck carrageenin gel matrix, after oven dry, repeated operation above until reaching internal layer membrane wrapping thickness is 1mm.Finally, poly-for 80 order carrageenin grafting the third coal acid/diatomite super absorbent resin powder is put into disk, rotary disk, super absorbent resin is made to be wrapped on dipotassium hydrogen phosphate particle as peplos material, thus obtain the double-contracting film dipotassium hydrogen phosphate particle of surface uniform densification, and in 40 DEG C of baking ovens dry for standby.
The high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer HFK001 obtained.
Embodiment 2
Prepare high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer.
(1) preparation of carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acid/diatomite super absorbent resin
By weight, under nitrogen protection, carrageenin 0.6kg and water 80kg is dissolved 30 minutes in a kettle., water temperature 80 DEG C.Be dissolved into shape after homogeneous transparent solution completely until carrageenin, be cooled to 65 DEG C, add 0.7kg vinylformic acid, 1.2kg cross-linker divinylbenzene and 60kg diatomite powder, stir 15 minutes.Then initiator 2.1kg Potassium Persulphate is added initiated polymerization in reactor.This polyreaction continues to stop after 3 hours at 80 DEG C, stores for future use after product drying, pulverizing, excessively 100 eye mesh screens.
(2) preparation of carrageenin gel matrix
Be dissolved in 400L distilled water by 0.4kg carrageenin, being prepared into carrageenin concentration is 0.1% (w/v) solution.The extruding of this polysaccharide soln being dropped to and 400L Klorvess Liquid concentration is housed is in the reactor of 3% (w/v), stir, this polysaccharide mixing solutions forms transparent gel matrix under the effect of ionomer, and this gel matrix is kept 30min in salts solution.
(3) preparation of slow release fertilizer
First, be that the urea granules within the scope of 2.0 ~ 2.5mm is placed in disk, rotary disk under the effect of atomized water by particle diameter, carrageenin gel matrix is wrapped on urea granules as inner investment material.Subsequently, the urea granules having wrapped up one deck carrageenin gel matrix is transferred in 40 DEG C of baking ovens, after oven dry, repeats operation above until reaching internal layer membrane wrapping thickness is 1mm.Finally, 100 order carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acids/diatomite super absorbent resin powder is put into disk, rotary disk, makes super absorbent resin be wrapped on urea granules as peplos material, thus obtain the double-contracting film urea granules of surface uniform densification, and in 40 DEG C of baking ovens dry for standby.
The high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer HFN001 obtained.
Embodiment 3
Get embodiment 2 high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer HFN001 and measure its nitrogen release rate in soil.Fig. 2 is the release rate time history plot of high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer HFN001 nitrogen in soil.As can be seen from the figure, be embedded in soil after the 2nd, 15 and 25 days, in coated fertilizer, the release rate of nitrogen is respectively 41%, 75% and 94%, and these data show that coated fertilizer has good slow-releasing in soil.First 5 days, nitrogen showed rate of release fast, and this is owing to the dissolving of kernel urea granules.After coated fertilizer is placed into the soil, its outer coating super absorbent resin can absorb the soil solution and slowly swellingly become hydrogel.The moisture that super absorbent resin absorbs slowly diffuses in fertilizer core, dissolved urea particle.Meanwhile, swelling due to gel, polymer three-dimensional network structure is expanded more, and micropore becomes large, makes this part can rapid diffusion by the nutrient that dissolves, and is entered in soil by coated fertilizer.After 5 days, the rate of release of nitrogen is obviously slack-off, this is because along with the growth of time, in kernel, the concentration of nitrogen is more and more less, the osmotic pressure inside and outside fertiliser granulates reduces, and thus reduces the rate of release of nitrogen.In addition, a large amount of salt ions and soil small-particle are attracted in outer super absorbent resin coated fertilizer, and the release of these particles to nitrogen serves the effect that physics hinders.Meanwhile, due to the existence of these salt ions, make the water-intake rate of super absorbent resin than much medium and small at tap water, be unfavorable for nitrogen to external diffusion, thus nitrogen shows slow-releasing.And for not doing the urea granules of coating process, its just can discharge in 12h self 98% nitrogen.
Embodiment 4
Get embodiment 2 high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer HFN001 and measure its impact on specific retesion of soil.Great many of experiments shows, the super absorbent resin that adulterates in soil can reduce evaporation and the deep percolation of moisture, and the moisture volume of holding of soil is increased.In water-deficient area, super absorbent resin Absorbable rod large quantity of moisture slowly release moisture at period of drought between rainfall and irrigation period, extends the watering period, thus enhances the drought-resistant ability of plant.Different fertilizer rate of application on the impact of specific retesion of soil as shown in Figure 3.As seen from the figure, the maximum water holdup not adding the soil of coated fertilizer is 39%, and after adding the coated fertilizer of 1%, 2% and 3% respectively, the maximum water holdup of soil is respectively 46.1%, 53.0% and 58.2%.Along with the increase of coated fertilizer rate of application, the amount of the super absorbent resin coated fertilizer wherein contained also increases, and therefore the water holdup of soil also increases gradually.Compared to control experiment (do not add fertiliser granulates in soil, other condition is identical), fertiliser granulates just effectively can improve the water holdup of soil under very little rate of application.Meanwhile, we also observe, and water is much slower than the speed of the soil by not adding fertiliser granulates by the speed being added with the soil of fertiliser granulates.Above experimental result shows, this fertiliser granulates has good water absorbing properties in soil, and the moisture that can significantly improve soil is held rate and is decreased through and oozes dew and the moisture loss that causes, is applied in agroforestry, can effectively store rainwater or irrigation water, thus improve the utilization ratio of water resources.
Embodiment 5
Get embodiment 2 high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer HFN001 and measure its impact on soil water-retaining rate.Do not add the soil of fertiliser granulates, its water retention is 46%, under state of nature after dry 10 days, almost loses all moisture; And adding the soil of 1%, 2% and 3% fertiliser granulates respectively, its water retention is respectively 66%, 85% and 92%, and under state of nature after dry 10 days, its water retention is still 21%, 42% and 61%.As can be seen here, this coated fertilizer not only has good water-retaining capacity after adding soil, also has good water retention capacity simultaneously.This characteristic of fertiliser granulates mainly gives the credit to super absorbent resin in its coated fertilizer and diatomite coupling, it can absorb a large amount of moisture of storage, and stored moisture is slowly released with the reduction of soil moisture, it is made fully to be absorbed by crop, slow down the evaporation of soil moisture simultaneously, effectively improve the utilization ratio of water resources.Therefore, the fertiliser granulates prepared by this experiment has good application prospect in the area that arid, lack of water or daily evaporation amount are large.
Claims (1)
1. a high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer, is characterized in that:
(1) concrete preparation comprises step:
(1.1) preparation of carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acid/diatomite super absorbent resin
By weight, under nitrogen protection, carrageenin 0.6kg and water 80kg is dissolved 30 minutes in a kettle., water temperature 80 DEG C; Be dissolved into completely after homogeneous transparent solution until carrageenin, be cooled to 65 DEG C, add 0.7kg vinylformic acid, 1.2kg cross-linker divinylbenzene and 60kg diatomite powder, stir 15 minutes; Then initiator 2.1kg Potassium Persulphate is added initiated polymerization in reactor; This polyreaction continues to stop after 3 hours at 80 DEG C, stores for future use after product drying, pulverizing, excessively 100 eye mesh screens;
(1.2) preparation of carrageenin gel matrix
Be dissolved in 400L distilled water by 0.4kg carrageenin, being prepared into carrageenin concentration is 0.1%w/v solution; The extruding of this polysaccharide soln being dropped to and 400L Klorvess Liquid concentration is housed is in the reactor of 3%w/v, and stir, this polysaccharide mixing solutions forms transparent gel matrix under the effect of ionomer, and this gel matrix is kept 30min in salts solution;
(1.3) preparation of slow release fertilizer
First, be that the urea granules within the scope of 2.0 ~ 2.5mm is placed in disk, rotary disk under the effect of atomized water by particle diameter, carrageenin gel matrix is wrapped on urea granules as inner investment material; Subsequently, the urea granules having wrapped up one deck carrageenin gel matrix is transferred in 40 DEG C of baking ovens, after oven dry, repeats operation above until reaching internal layer membrane wrapping thickness is 1mm; Finally, 100 order carrageenin grafted polyacrylic acids/diatomite super absorbent resin powder is put into disk, rotary disk, super absorbent resin is made to be wrapped on urea granules as peplos material, thus obtain the double-contracting film urea granules of surface uniform densification, and in 40 DEG C of baking ovens dry for standby, obtain high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer;
(2) high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer was embedded in soil after the 2nd, 15 and 25 days, and in coated fertilizer, the release rate of nitrogen is respectively 41%, 75% and 94%;
(3) add the soil of 1%, 2% and 3% high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer respectively, its maximum water holdup is respectively 46.1%, 53.0% and 58.2%;
(4) add the soil of 1%, 2% and 3% high-moisture-retention slowly-releasing Sargassum polysaccharides fertilizer respectively, its water retention is respectively 66%, 85% and 92%, and under state of nature after dry 10 days, its water retention is respectively 21%, 42% and 61%.
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