CN103803708B - Inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater mullet - Google Patents

Abstract

Seawater barracuda purification and restoration of inland eutrophic freshwater waters, involving seawater fish transplantation, purification and restoration of inland freshwater waters, transplantation and release of seawater barracudas in enclosed areas of inland eutrophic freshwater waters, prohibition Fishing measures, build a food chain of decaying food with barracuda as the core, purify and repair by swallowing organic matter and cyanobacteria in dormancy and germination stages to filter-feed planktonic algae, increase the transfer and flow channels of organic matter in water areas, and remove sediments in water areas. The organic matter is exported to the water body and sediment through the barracuda, reducing the background value of organic matter and blue-green algae in the water, allowing the barracuda to grow and proliferate for many years, giving full play to the carbon sink fishery value of the barracuda, strengthening the purification and restoration ability of the barracuda, and achieving the effect of controlling algae, purifying and repairing waters ; This case strengthens the function of fish transplantation for water purification and restoration, improves the ability of water purification and restoration, and has no risk of species invasion. It is a water purification restoration and algae control method suitable for lakes, rivers, reservoirs, landscape water bodies, and characteristic waters of wetland systems.

Description

Seawater barracuda purification method for inland eutrophic freshwater waters

technical field

The present invention relates to a method for purifying and repairing inland eutrophic freshwater waters for fish, and in particular to a method for transplanting a marine fish in near-shore estuaries—barracuda to inland eutrophic waters and purifying and repairing the water environment. It is suitable for purification, restoration and algae control methods and activities of inland eutrophic freshwater waters characterized by lakes, rivers, reservoirs, landscape water bodies, and wetland systems.

Background technique

In 2006, among the 408 surface water monitoring sections of 197 rivers in my country's seven major water systems (including national border rivers), the proportions of sections with water quality ranging from Grade IV to V and inferior to Grade V were 28% and 26%, respectively. The water quality of the Liaohe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, and Songhua River is poor, and the Haihe River is seriously polluted. The health of the water ecosystem of major rivers has been significantly affected. The eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs is serious, forming a lake water environment problem characterized by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. Among the 27 key lakes (reservoirs) controlled by the state, 5 lakes (reservoirs) have Class V water quality, accounting for 19%; 13 lakes (reservoirs) have inferior Class V water quality, accounting for 48%. Recent surveys show that 54% of lakes in the Asia-Pacific region are eutrophic, and the proportions of eutrophic lakes in Europe, Africa, North America and South America are 53%, 28%, 48% and 41%, respectively, and 60% in my country. Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake are in moderate eutrophication state. The eutrophication of lakes will directly lead to the decline of water quality, the decline of function, and the imbalance of water ecosystem; the treatment of eutrophication has not achieved the complete recovery of water quality and ecology in any lake, that is, eutrophication is an irreversible process. The problem of lake eutrophication is prominent, blue-green algae blooms occur frequently, river-type water sources have many safety hazards, and sudden water pollution incidents are extremely prone to occur. In my country, 1/4 of urban water plants use lakes or reservoirs as water sources. Pollution and eutrophication make limited fresh water resources more scarce, drinking water safety is threatened, and pose a threat to public health. At the same time, the quality of rural drinking water in my country The situation is not optimistic. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection's 2011 survey on the environmental conditions of centralized drinking water sources in cities above the prefecture level, about 3.57 billion cubic meters of water sources were not up to standard, accounting for 11.4% of the total water supply.

Due to overfishing, the fishery resources in natural fishery waters have declined seriously, and the biodiversity has declined significantly, leading to fish miniaturization, resulting in a significant reduction in fish species and numbers, destroying the food network system in water areas, forming the accumulation of eutrophication substances, and gradually shifting from outside to outside. Source pollution evolves to endogenous pollution that exceeds the purification capacity of water areas. Overfishing may form stable but unwanted new consumers and producers through food webs. Aquatic animals transform and utilize nutrients in natural fishery waters. The capacity is gradually declining, and the purification and treatment capacity of aquatic animals is increasingly unable to meet the requirements of pollution discharge. Economic construction has caused a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to be excessively imported into natural fishery waters. The accumulation of eutrophication in natural waters is becoming more and more serious. Public water ecosystems are out of balance, in which case changing eutrophication will require habitat restoration, food chain repair or relatively drastic measures to reduce cumulative effects and bring the system back to its previous state. In recent years, our country has vigorously improved the lake environment, and the methods of purifying and restoring waters mainly include physical and biological methods. The physical method mainly includes mechanical salvage, sediment dredging, and artificial aeration. This method consumes more manpower, material and financial resources, and is not suitable for large areas of water; the biological method is to rationally adjust the aquatic food chain, use nutrition and predation, and The interaction between organisms achieves the purpose of purifying and restoring waters. The biological method has the advantages of no pollution, low consumption, and sustainability, so it has received more and more attention.

Usually carry out comprehensive treatment measures including: sewage interception, ecological dredging, return of fish to the lake, power return of water, ecological restoration, lakeside improvement, and construction of forest belts around the lake, etc. The effect of exogenous regulation on improving water quality is not significant; while Using biological endogenous means, that is, using fish, shrimp, shellfish, and algae as the main experimental organisms for water ecological restoration, the effect is more obvious. The main measures for ecological restoration of natural waters are: (1) Lakeside wetland treatment technology centered on wet plants: use vegetation buffer zone to intercept, absorb and transform pollutants; use artificial wetland to make pollutants precipitate, degrade and be absorbed Absorbed by aquatic organisms (mainly microorganisms). (2) An ecological technology that directly controls algae based on increasing zooplankton. (3) Ecological restoration technology for shallow waters to restore aquatic plants and cultivate grass-type ecosystems. The above ecological restoration technical measures show that higher aquatic animals have not received enough attention in the restoration of water ecosystems, and higher aquatic animals such as fish can just overcome the limitation of water depth, especially fish can take care of both shallow water and deep water. The ability to repair in a larger water area. Ignoring the reduction in the number and species of fish, the weakening and lack of function of the fish food chain, and ignoring the role of fish in water purification and restoration to reduce the cumulative effect of pollutants are the reasons for the unsuccessful restoration of water bodies in the past ten years. Using fisheries to control water, restore and rebuild water ecosystems, restore the structure of water ecosystems, reduce lake internal pollution, realize lake water functions and service values, and maintain a stable and healthy aquatic ecosystem can achieve goals beyond the reach of external means . Therefore, it is a win-win development path for fishery and environmental protection to formulate the optimal fishery scale and production mode and develop a "water-centered" clean water fishery to ensure a good ecological environment of waters and sustainable use of fisheries.

Among the methods of endogenous algae control and restoration of water bodies, microbial methods promote the decay and decomposition of cyanobacteria in natural water bodies, but there are ecological risks; crustacean methods are difficult to cultivate, form and maintain appropriate population densities in natural waters; After corruption, it can be absorbed and digested by fish to be degraded into small molecular substances. It can be transformed and utilized before the cyanobacteria and organic matter are decomposed and degraded. At present, the main method of bioremediation of water body is the purification and restoration method of aquatic plants, especially the water hyacinth captive algae control restoration scheme is the competition method of this algae control restoration scheme. The serious defect of this scheme is the harvesting and treatment of water hyacinth and other aquatic plants that grow every year It takes a lot of manpower, and it is difficult to recycle harvested water hyacinth and other aquatic plant products, which is easy to form new pollution. Carry out the integration and demonstration of technology integration and demonstration of pollution source and water pollution load reduction in rivers entering the lake, and carry out technology integration of cyanobacteria bloom control and ecological restoration in lakes and reservoirs and demonstration, and gradually improve the water environment quality of the lake area.

In recent years, the environmental cleaning project has been developed rapidly. The core is to use aquatic plants, filter-feeding animals, and omnivorous animals as cleaning organisms to strengthen the environmental cleaning function and reduce the concentration of pollutants in natural waters and living waters. In public freshwater waters, on the basis of modern ecological theory, according to the specific environmental conditions of the water body, appropriate fish species and quantities can be artificially stocked to improve the composition of fish communities in the waters and ensure ecological balance, so as to protect the water environment, and can make full use of the fish productivity of the water body.

There is a lack of multifunctional fish species that can purify, repair and control algae in freshwater waters. So far, only a few fish such as silver carp, bighead carp, tilapia and pomfret have been reported as algae control fish in freshwater waters. Barracuda (Lizahaematocheila), also known as Trichogramma mullet is a large marine fish in near-shore estuaries. It is distributed in the coastal areas of my country. It is more abundant in the north and less in the south. It is lively and likes to jump. It lives in estuaries and harbors and can enter fresh water. Phototaxis and flowtaxis, the suitable salt range of barracuda is 0-38‰, it can live in waters with a water temperature of 3°C-35°C, and the optimum water temperature is 12°C-25°C. The barracuda is large, with remarkable growth potential and water purification ability. It can survive in the freshwater environment and can only reproduce in seawater. Seawater barracuda has not been reported in the literature as a freshwater purification and restoration fish. There is no report on the innovative application of barracuda as a multifunctional fish for purifying, restoring and controlling algae in inland eutrophic freshwater waters characterized by lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and constructed wetlands.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the lack of purification and repair ability of the existing large water surface environment, the species of fish that purify and repair algae control in the freshwater water environment is rare, the food chain of water purification fish is lacking, and the ability of fish to transform organic matter to purify water is insufficient, and to provide a seawater The method for purifying and repairing inland eutrophic freshwater water environment by barracuda strengthens the ability of water purifying and repairing algae control. This method is low in cost, easy to operate, and does not have secondary pollution; Species, so the species of purification and restoration organisms have been added, but they can only grow but not reproduce in fresh water, and there is no increase in the number of barracudas; increase the production of aquatic products in the process of transforming and utilizing organic matter in the water environment, and purify and restore water bodies , in freshwater waters to play the carbon sink fishery value of barracuda, increase economic and social benefits, the population of barracuda decreases with fishing, and there is no ecological risk of species invasion.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

Seawater pike purification and restoration of inland eutrophic freshwater waters, transplanting and releasing seawater pike in enclosed areas of inland eutrophic freshwater waters, taking measures to prohibit fishing, allowing pike to grow and proliferate for many years, increasing the chances of pike purification and restoration time, build a food chain with saprophytic food with barracuda as the core, purify and restore it in a coordinated manner by swallowing organic matter, cyanobacteria in dormancy and germination stages, and filtering planktonic algae, increasing the organic matter in eutrophic freshwater sediments through shuttles The transfer and flow path of the fish output water body and bottom material reduces the background value of organic matter and blue-green algae in the water area, and reduces the endogenous pollution of the water area; seawater barracuda plays a triple role in water purification, restoration and algae control in freshwater waters, greatly improving the ability of water purification and restoration. Fish play a carbon sink fishery value in freshwater waters and achieve the effect of algae control, purification and restoration of waters; seawater barracudas cannot reproduce in freshwater environments, and there is no risk of species invasion. It is suitable for lakes, rivers, reservoirs, landscape water bodies, and wetland systems. Water restoration methods for trophic freshwater waters.

Transplant seawater pike in inland eutrophic freshwater waters, directly convert organic matter in situ into excellent pike protein, increase water purification and restoration of pike, and reduce eutrophication in freshwater waters. The waters play a carbon sink fishery value for barracuda.

The waters that give play to the value of pike carbon sink fishery are inland eutrophic freshwater waters characterized by lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, wetlands, and artificial wetlands in water sources. After the ovaries of seawater pike develop to stage IV in freshwater , the changed freshwater ecological environment restricts the barracuda ovary from effectively transitioning to the V stage, and cannot reproduce offspring. The population will only decrease but not increase, which can effectively avoid the ecological risk of species invasion caused by the flooding of the barracuda population.

In the enclosure area, a saprophytic biological food chain with barracuda as the core is built to swallow, digest and utilize the organic matter in the water sediment before fermentation and decomposition, and create a material transfer energy flow path through which the barracuda exports the organic matter in the water sediment, reducing the organic matter in the water area The bottom value plays the role of water purification and restoration, and at the same time effectively reduces the pressure of microbial decomposition and purification in water areas. The enclosure area is set in inland eutrophic freshwater waters, which are relatively independent lakes, reservoirs or enclosure waters less than ^100km2 . Prevent the free entry and exit of the barracuda.

Fishing in the enclosed area is banned for 1-5 years. After the fishing ban is adopted, the barracuda is stocked at one time. Its low temperature resistance can ensure that the barracuda can continue to restore the water environment for many years in different water depths. The fishing size of the barracuda is limited to 3 kg Above, increase the contribution time of purification and repair of each barracuda, better exert the purification and repair potential of barracuda, enhance the purification and repair ability of barracuda, and increase the purification and repair effect by 5-50 times compared with the fishing of the year.

30 kg of barracuda per mu of water is used to build the food chain of barracuda detritus. During the process of growth and multiplication of barracuda, the organic debris in the food swallowed can account for 70-90% of the total weight, with an average of 85%. , continuously reduce the background value of organic matter in water areas, reduce the content of organic matter in sediments per square meter of water by 100-350 grams per year, and increase the output efficiency of organic matter in sediments in water areas by 50-80%.

Barracudas that survive 30 kg per mu of water can devour cyanobacteria in the dormant and germination stages every year, reduce the background value of cyanobacteria in the water, reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria, and filter-feed phytoplankton, transforming and utilizing cyanobacteria in situ in the waters It is a substance for fish body to control the flooding and outbreak of blue-green algae.

The barracuda controls the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria through three ways: directly swallowing algae, filtering algae, and reducing the organic matter deposited in the water; The basis for growth and reproduction; filter-feed planktonic algae, reduce the content of suspended and floating algae, and transform and utilize cyanobacteria in situ; swallow organic matter deposited in water areas, reduce the amount of pollution released by organic matter fermentation, reduce the decomposition pressure of microorganisms in water areas, and play a role in competing algae. The necessary nutrients, the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of algae, and reducing the labor intensity of man-made mechanical removal of organic matter in the water environment.

Barracuda transformation and utilization of cyanobacteria are cyanobacteria in the acidic gizzard stomach of the barracuda. Under the environment of pH 2.0, the colloidal sheath of cyanobacteria is acidified, and the cyanobacteria clusters are miniaturized under the contraction, agitation and grinding of gastric smooth muscle, and then digested in the intestinal tract Digested and absorbed under the action of enzymes, the symbiotic microorganisms in the back of the intestinal tract further decompose and utilize the swallowed cyanobacteria and organic matter, and the remaining substances after digestion and utilization by the barracuda make the organic matter in the water granulated and miniaturized, which is conducive to strengthening the decomposition ability of the microorganisms in the water.

In freshwater eutrophic waters, a method of purifying, repairing and controlling algae that directly applies the in-situ conversion of marine fish barracuda has been developed. The blue-green algae flood, the treatment method of purifying and repairing the water is more advanced, more direct, more efficient and more scientific.

Seawater barracuda purifies and repairs the inland eutrophic freshwater waters method by the following steps: ①The water area that exerts the value of barracuda carbon sink fishery is the inland eutrophication characterized by lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, wetlands, and artificial wetlands of water sources In desalination of freshwater waters, after the female fish ovary development stage IV of seawater barracuda in the freshwater environment, the changed freshwater ecological environment restricts barracudas from being able to effectively transition to stage V and reproduce offspring, which can effectively avoid the risk of species invasion; ② in inland rich Transplant seawater barracuda into nutrient-rich freshwater waters, directly convert organic matter in situ into excellent fish protein in inland eutrophic freshwater waters, increase the role of barracuda in water purification and restoration, reduce the degree of eutrophication in water areas, and play a role The carbon sink fishery value of barracuda; ③Construct a food chain of detritus food with barracuda as the core in the enclosure area, digest and utilize the organic matter in the water sediment before fermenting and decomposing, and increase the organic matter of the sediment exported to the water area through the barracuda Transfer the energy flow path, reduce the background value of organic matter in the water area, and play the role of water purification restoration. The enclosed area is a relatively independent lake, reservoir or enclosed water area less than 100km ² ; After the fishing measures, the low-temperature resistance of the barracuda enables the barracuda to be stocked at one time to continuously restore the water environment for many years in different water depths. The fishing size of the barracuda is limited to more than 3 kg, and the contribution of each barracuda to purification and repair is increased. Make good use of the purification and restoration potential of barracuda, enhance the purification and restoration ability of barracuda, and increase the purification and restoration effect by 5-50 times compared with the fishing of the year; The organic debris in the barracuda swallowed food can account for 70-90% of the total weight, with an average of 85%. During the growth and proliferation of the barracuda, the organic matter in the water is continuously reduced every year, and the organic matter content in the sediment per square meter of water is reduced by 100-350 grams per year. The output efficiency of organic matter in water sediments is increased by 50-80%. ⑥ Barracudas with 30 kg per mu of water can swallow cyanobacteria in the dormant and germination stages every year to reduce the background value of cyanobacteria in the water area, reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria, and filter-feed phytoplankton algae, transforming and utilizing cyanobacteria in situ in the water area It is the substance of the fish body to control the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria; ⑦ Barracuda not only controls the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria by directly swallowing and filtering algae, but also controls the cyanobacteria by reducing the nutrients needed by cyanobacteria by reducing the organic matter deposited in the water Flooding and outbreaks; barracudas devour cyanobacteria in dormancy and germination stages, reducing the background value of cyanobacteria in waters, reducing the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria; filtering phytoplankton, reducing the content of suspended and floating algae, and transforming and utilizing cyanobacteria in situ; swallowing water sediments Organic matter, reduce the pollution release caused by the fermentation of organic matter, reduce the decomposition pressure of microorganisms in the water area, compete for the nutrients needed by algae, inhibit the proliferation of algae, reduce the labor intensity of artificial mechanical removal of organic matter in the water area environment, and reduce the risk of cyanobacteria pollution Transfer amount; 8. Barracuda transformation and utilization of cyanobacteria is that cyanobacteria are in the acidic gizzard stomach of barracuda, under the environment of PH2.0, acidify the colloidal sheath of cyanobacteria, and make the cyanobacteria group miniaturization under the contraction agitation grinding of gastric smooth muscle, then Digested and absorbed under the action of intestinal digestive enzymes, the symbiotic microorganisms in the back of the intestine further decompose and utilize the swallowed cyanobacteria and organic matter; the remaining substances after digestion and utilization by the barracuda make the organic matter in the water granulated and miniaturized, which is conducive to strengthening the decomposition of microorganisms in the water Ability; ⑨Developed in-situ direct application of marine fish barracuda in situ in eutrophic waters, which has the triple effect of purification, restoration and control of algae, compared with the indirect inhibition of cyanobacteria flooding and indirect purification and restoration compared with the aquatic plant method of competing for nutrients The water treatment method is more advanced, more direct, more efficient and more scientific.

The comparative advantages between biological algae control methods embody advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention:

①A large area of aquatic plants reduces the capacity of the aquaculture water body, absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, and competes with cyanobacteria for nutrients. It does not directly control and transform cyanobacteria, and the recovery rate of water bodies with heavy eutrophication is not high; The competition of plants to control algae will cause new problems such as species invasion.

②Microbiologically controlled algae are decomposed and utilized after the algae are corrupted and fermented, and the relevant nutrients are returned to the water environment. There are health risks and ecological risks at the same time, and it cannot be applied on a large scale.

③ Increase the number of zooplankton in the water to control the algae content. It is difficult to control the proliferation of zooplankton, and the later utilization of zooplankton is a new problem. The effect is not obvious in large water surfaces and deep water bodies, and the success rate is not high.

④ Fish such as silver carp and bighead carp feed on large cyanobacteria. They do not have a digestive organ such as a stomach. They have weak digestion ability and low algae control efficiency. They cannot swallow small molecule cyanobacteria. The degree of digestion and utilization is low. This is the reason why silver carp and bighead carp algae control has not been widely used.

Some fish can directly swallow and digest cyanobacteria, and transform and utilize them before the cyanobacteria decay. The reported algae control results of silver carp, bighead carp, tilapia and other freshwater fish all reflect the limitations of application and promotion. Silver carp and bighead carp lack the ability to swallow small cyanobacteria, and their ability to digest the swallowed cyanobacteria is poor, and there are also cyanobacteria flooding events in the main tilapia culture ponds.

The present invention has the following progressive features:

1. The present invention expands the types of repaired waters, introduces barracudas that reproduce in seawater but cannot reproduce in fresh water into eutrophic waters, and use them as clean and repaired fish, which is an innovation and application of freshwater waters repaired biological species.

2. The benefit of the present invention is to apply the carbon sink fishery value of barracuda to freshwater waters, use the introduced barracuda to build and strengthen the function of fish food chain, swallow rotten substances, reduce the background value of blue-green algae in the water area, transform and utilize blue-green algae and Organic matter, purify the water environment.

3. The present invention builds a detritus food chain in eutrophic waters, strengthens the pike's ingestion, digestion and absorption of organic matter in freshwater sediments, builds a water detritus food chain centered on pike, promotes the decomposition and utilization of organic matter, and optimizes The way of material and energy circulation in the water ecosystem. After the barracuda transforms and utilizes the organic matter deposited in the freshwater waters, it takes the organic matter out of the water ecosystem and reduces the degree of eutrophication of the water body.

4. The application of seawater barracuda in freshwater eutrophic waters in the present invention, although it is an alien species, the characteristic that barracuda can only reproduce in seawater determines that the number of barracuda will not increase, and the characteristics of high-quality protein of barracuda are suitable for Human beings use it to effectively control the biomass of barracudas through fishing, and there is no risk of ecological invasion.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described in detail through the following implementation examples, but the technical content described in this implementation example is illustrative rather than limiting, and should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

①The waters where the fishery value of barracuda carbon sequestration is utilized are inland eutrophic freshwater waters characterized by lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, wetlands, and water source artificial wetlands. Seawater barracudas in freshwater environment after the fourth stage of ovary development of female fish , the changed freshwater ecological environment restricts the barracuda to be unable to effectively transition to the V stage and reproduce offspring, which can effectively avoid the risk of species invasion; In the water area, the in-situ resource conversion of organic matter in the water area is converted into excellent fish protein, which increases the water purification and restoration effect of the barracuda, reduces the degree of eutrophication in the water area, and brings into play the carbon sink fishery value of the barracuda; The core decomposing food biological food chain, digests and utilizes the organic matter of the sediment in the water before fermenting and decomposing it, increases the energy flow path of the material transfer and energy flow of the organic matter in the sediment through the barracuda output water area, reduces the background value of the organic matter in the water area, and plays the role of water purification and restoration. The enclosed area is a relatively independent lake, reservoir or enclosed water area less than ^100km2 ; ④ Fishing in the enclosed area is prohibited for 1-5 years. The water environment has been continuously repaired for many years within the water depth range, and the fishing specification of barracuda is limited to more than 3 kg, so as to increase the contribution of purification and restoration of each barracuda, better exert the purification and restoration potential of barracuda, and enhance the purification and restoration ability of barracuda. The purification and repair effect brought by the fishing in the current year has increased by 5-50 times; ⑤ In the enclosure area, 200 3-4 cm barracuda fry are stocked per mu. 30 kg, which can control the flooding of blue-green algae and promote the purification of the waters; in each mu of water, the second-year-old barracuda needs an initial stocking amount of 10 kg, which can control the flooding of blue-green algae and promote the purification of the waters. The size of the barracuda will reach 750 by the end of the year In each mu of waters, three-year-old pike need an initial stocking amount of 5 kg to control the flooding of blue-green algae and promote the purification of waters. By the end of the year, the size of pike will reach about 1500 g; The fish builds the food chain of barracuda detritus, and the organic detritus in the food swallowed by the barracuda can account for 70-90% of the total weight, with an average of 85%. 100-350 grams of organic matter content is reduced, and the output efficiency of organic matter in water sediments is increased by 50-80%. ⑥ Barracudas with 30 kg per mu of water can swallow cyanobacteria in the dormant and germination stages every year to reduce the background value of cyanobacteria in the water area, reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria, and filter-feed phytoplankton algae, transforming and utilizing cyanobacteria in situ in the water area It is the substance of the fish body to control the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria; ⑦ Barracuda not only controls the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria by directly swallowing and filtering algae, but also controls the cyanobacteria by reducing the nutrients needed by cyanobacteria by reducing the organic matter deposited in the water Flooding and outbreaks; barracudas devour cyanobacteria in dormancy and germination stages, reducing the background value of cyanobacteria in waters, reducing the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria; filtering phytoplankton, reducing the content of suspended and floating algae, and transforming and utilizing cyanobacteria in situ; swallowing water sediments Organic matter, reduce the pollution release caused by the fermentation of organic matter, reduce the decomposition pressure of microorganisms in the water area, compete for the nutrients needed by algae, inhibit the proliferation of algae, reduce the labor intensity of artificial mechanical removal of organic matter in the water area environment, and reduce the risk of cyanobacteria pollution Transfer amount; 8. Barracuda transformation and utilization of cyanobacteria is that cyanobacteria are in the acidic gizzard stomach of barracuda, under the environment of PH2.0, acidify the colloidal sheath of cyanobacteria, and make the cyanobacteria group miniaturization under the contraction agitation grinding of gastric smooth muscle, then Digested and absorbed under the action of intestinal digestive enzymes, the symbiotic microorganisms in the back of the intestine further decompose and utilize the swallowed cyanobacteria and organic matter; the remaining substances after digestion and utilization by the barracuda make the organic matter in the water granulated and miniaturized, which is conducive to strengthening the decomposition of microorganisms in the water Ability; ⑨Developed in-situ direct application of marine fish barracuda in situ in eutrophic waters, which has the triple effect of purification, restoration and control of algae, compared with the indirect inhibition of cyanobacteria flooding and indirect purification and restoration compared with the aquatic plant method of competing for nutrients The water treatment method is more advanced, more direct, more efficient and more scientific.

Example 2

①Transplant barracuda in freshwater eutrophic waters of lakes, seawater barracudas cannot reproduce in freshwater environments, and there is no risk of species invasion; ②Transplant seawater barracudas in inland eutrophic freshwater waters, and directly In the water area, the in-situ resource conversion of organic matter in the water area is converted into excellent fish protein, which increases the water purification and restoration effect of the barracuda, reduces the degree of eutrophication in the water area, and brings into play the carbon sink fishery value of the barracuda; The core decomposing food biological food chain, digests and utilizes the organic matter of the sediment in the water before fermenting and decomposing it, increases the energy flow path of the material transfer and energy flow of the organic matter in the sediment through the barracuda output water area, reduces the background value of the organic matter in the water area, and plays the role of water purification and restoration. The enclosed area is relatively independent lakes, reservoirs or enclosed waters less than ^100km2 ; ④The enclosed area is stocked with 200 3-4 cm barracuda fry per mu. The biomass of the fish reaches 30 kilograms, which can control the flooding of blue-green algae and promote the purification of the waters; fishing in the enclosed area has been banned for one year. After the fishing ban is adopted, the low temperature resistance of the barracuda enables the barracuda to be stocked once in different water depths. Continuously repairing the water environment for many years, increasing the purification and restoration contribution of each barracuda, better exerting the purification and restoration potential of the barracuda, and enhancing the purification and restoration ability of the barracuda, which is 5 times higher than the purification and restoration effect brought by fishing in the past year, and every year The content of organic matter in the sediment itself per square meter of water is reduced by 100 grams from 1000 grams; ⑤ Use 30 kilograms of barracuda per mu of water to build a barracuda detritus food chain, and the organic detritus in the food swallowed by barracudas can account for 70-90% of the total weight %, with an average of 85%. During the growth and multiplication of barracuda, the organic matter in the water area is continuously reduced every year. The organic matter content in the water area per square meter per year is reduced by 100 grams, and the output efficiency of the organic matter in the water area is increased by 50%. A 30kg barracuda can swallow blue-green algae in the dormant and germination stages, reduce the background value of blue-green algae in the water, reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of blue-green algae, and transform and utilize blue-green algae in a coordinated way to filter and feed planktonic algae, so as to control the flooding and outbreak of blue-green algae; ⑦ barracuda The control of the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria is achieved by directly swallowing and filtering algae and reducing the sedimentary organic matter in the water; barracudas devour the cyanobacteria in the dormant and germination stages, reducing the background value of cyanobacteria in the water area and reducing the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria; Eat planktonic algae, reduce the content of suspended and floating algae; swallow organic matter deposited in the water area, reduce the amount of pollution released by the fermentation of organic matter, compete for the nutrients needed by algae, inhibit the proliferation of algae, and reduce the labor intensity of artificial mechanical removal of organic matter in the water environment; ⑧ Barracuda transformation and utilization of cyanobacteria is that the cyanobacteria enters the acidic gizzard stomach of the barracuda. Under the environment of pH 2.0, the colloidal sheath of the cyanobacteria is acidified, and the cyanobacteria clusters are miniaturized under the contraction, agitation and grinding of the gastric smooth muscle, and then digested in the intestinal tract Digestion and absorption under the action of enzymes, the symbiotic microorganisms in the back of the intestinal tract further decompose and utilize the swallowed cyanobacteria and organic matter; ⑨Developed a method of purification, restoration and control of algae that directly applies the ingestion and transformation of marine fish barracuda in freshwater eutrophication waters, which has Purification in eutrophic waters The multiple effects of repairing and controlling algae are more direct and efficient than the purification and repairing water treatment method that aquatic plants indirectly compete for nutrients through the action of microorganisms and inhibit the blooming of blue-green algae.

Example 3

①Transplant barracuda in freshwater eutrophic waters of rivers, seawater barracuda cannot reproduce in freshwater environment, and there is no risk of species invasion; ②Transplant seawater barracuda in inland eutrophic freshwater waters, and directly In the water area, the in-situ resource conversion of organic matter in the water area is converted into excellent fish protein, which increases the water purification and restoration effect of the barracuda, reduces the degree of eutrophication in the water area, and brings into play the carbon sink fishery value of the barracuda; The core decomposing food biological food chain, digests and utilizes the organic matter of the sediment in the water before fermenting and decomposing it, increases the energy flow path of the material transfer and energy flow of the organic matter in the sediment through the barracuda output water area, reduces the background value of the organic matter in the water area, and plays the role of water purification and restoration. The enclosed area is relatively independent lakes, reservoirs or enclosed waters less than ^100km2 ; ④The enclosed area is stocked with 200 3-4 cm barracuda fry per mu. The biomass of fish reaches 30 kg, which can control the flooding of cyanobacteria and promote the purification of waters; in each mu of water, the second-year-old barracuda needs an initial stocking amount of 10 kg, which can control the flooding of cyanobacteria and promote the purification of waters. The size of the barracuda reaches about 750 grams. Fishing in the enclosed area has been banned for 2 years. After the ban is adopted, the low temperature resistance of the barracuda enables the barracuda to be stocked once to restore the water environment for many years in different water depths, limiting the life of the barracuda. The fishing specification is more than 3 kilograms, which increases the purification and restoration contribution of each barracuda, better exerts the purification and restoration potential of barracuda, and enhances the purification and restoration ability of barracuda, which is 10 times higher than the purification and restoration effect brought by fishing in the past year. The content of organic matter in the sediment per square meter of water is reduced from 1000 grams to 200 grams; ⑤ 30 kilograms of barracudas are used per mu of water to build a barracuda detritus food chain, and the organic detritus in the food swallowed by barracudas can account for 70-90% of the total weight %, with an average of 85%. During the growth and proliferation of barracudas, the organic matter in the water area is continuously reduced every year. The organic matter content in the sediment organic matter per square meter of water area is reduced by 200 grams per year, and the output efficiency of organic matter in the water area sediment is increased by 60%. A 30kg barracuda can swallow blue-green algae in the dormant and germination stages, reduce the background value of blue-green algae in the water, reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of blue-green algae, and transform and utilize blue-green algae in a coordinated way to filter and feed planktonic algae, so as to control the flooding and outbreak of blue-green algae; ⑦ barracuda The control of the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria is achieved by directly swallowing and filtering algae and reducing the sedimentary organic matter in the water; barracudas devour the cyanobacteria in the dormant and germination stages, reducing the background value of cyanobacteria in the water area and reducing the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria; Eat planktonic algae, reduce the content of suspended and floating algae; swallow organic matter deposited in the water area, reduce the amount of pollution released by the fermentation of organic matter, compete for the nutrients needed by algae, inhibit the proliferation of algae, and reduce the labor intensity of artificial mechanical removal of organic matter in the water environment; ⑧ Barracuda transformation and utilization of cyanobacteria is that the cyanobacteria enters the acidic gizzard stomach of the barracuda. Under the environment of pH 2.0, the colloidal sheath of the cyanobacteria is acidified, and the cyanobacteria clusters are miniaturized under the contraction, agitation and grinding of the gastric smooth muscle, and then digested in the intestinal tract Digestion and absorption under the action of enzymes, intestinal tract The symbiotic microorganisms in the latter stage further decompose and utilize the swallowed cyanobacteria and organic matter; ⑨Developed a method of purifying, repairing and controlling algae that directly applies the ingestion and transformation of marine fish barracuda in freshwater eutrophic waters, and has the ability to purify, restore and control algae in eutrophic waters It has multiple effects, and it is more direct and efficient than the water purification and restoration treatment method that aquatic plants indirectly compete for nutrients through the action of microorganisms and inhibit the flooding of cyanobacteria.

Example 4

①Transplant barracuda in freshwater eutrophic waters of the reservoir, seawater barracuda cannot reproduce in freshwater environment, and there is no risk of species invasion; ②Transplant seawater barracuda in inland eutrophic freshwater waters, directly In the water area, the in-situ resource conversion of organic matter in the water area is transformed into excellent fish protein, which increases the water purification and restoration effect of the barracuda, increases the output efficiency of organic matter in the sediment of the water area by 80%, reduces the degree of eutrophication in the water area, and exerts the carbon sink fishery of the barracuda value; ③Construct a food chain of decomposing food with barracuda as the core in the enclosure area, swallow and digest the organic matter in the water sediments before fermenting and decomposing them, increase the material transfer energy flow path of the organic matter in the sediments through the barracuda output waters, and reduce The background value of organic matter in the water area can play the role of water purification and restoration. The enclosure area is relatively independent lakes, reservoirs or enclosure waters less than 100km ² ; The size of barracuda reaches 150 grams, and the biomass of barracuda per mu of water reaches 30 kg, which can control the flooding of blue-green algae and promote the purification of waters; It can control the flooding of cyanobacteria and promote the purification of the waters. The size of the pike will reach about 750 grams at the end of the year; in each mu of water, the three-year-old pike needs an initial stocking amount of 5 kg to control the flooding of cyanobacteria and promote the purification of the waters. At the end of the year, the size of barracuda reached about 1,500 grams; fishing in the enclosed area was banned for 3 years. After the ban on fishing was adopted, the low temperature resistance of barracudas enables the barracudas once stocked to continue to restore the water environment for many years in different water depths, limiting the barracuda The fishing specification is more than 3 kilograms, which increases the purification and restoration contribution of each barracuda, better exerts the purification and restoration potential of barracuda, and enhances the purification and restoration ability of barracuda, which is 10 times higher than the purification and restoration effect brought by fishing in the past year. The content of organic matter in the sediment itself per square meter of water per year is reduced by 300 grams from 1000 grams; ⑤ 30 kilograms of barracudas are used per mu of water to build a barracuda detritus food chain, and the organic detritus in the food swallowed by barracudas can account for 70-70% of the total weight 90%, with an average of 85%. During the growth and proliferation of barracudas, the organic matter in the water area is continuously reduced every year. The content of organic matter in the sediment per square meter of water is reduced by 300 grams per year, and the output efficiency of organic matter in the water area is increased by 80%. ⑥Transplantation per mu of water area A 30kg surviving barracuda can devour blue-green algae in the dormant and germination stages, reduce the background value of blue-green algae in the water area, reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of blue-green algae, and transform and utilize blue-green algae in a collaborative way of filtering and feeding planktonic algae to control the flooding and outbreak of blue-green algae; ⑦ shuttle Fish control the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria by directly swallowing and filtering algae and reducing the sedimentary organic matter in the water; the barracuda swallows the cyanobacteria in the dormancy and germination stages, reducing the background value of cyanobacteria in the water area and reducing the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria; Filter-feed planktonic algae, reduce the content of suspended and floating algae; devour organic matter deposited in waters, reduce the amount of pollution released by the fermentation of organic matter, compete for the nutrients needed by algae, inhibit the proliferation of algae, and reduce the labor intensity of man-made mechanical removal of organic matter in the water environment; ⑧ Barracuda Transformation The use of cyanobacteria is that the cyanobacteria enters the acidic gizzard stomach of the barracuda. Under the environment of PH2.0, the colloidal sheath of the cyanobacteria is acidified, and the cyanobacteria group is miniaturized under the contraction, agitation and grinding of the gastric smooth muscle, and then the digestive enzymes in the intestine After digestion and absorption, the symbiotic microorganisms in the back part of the intestinal tract further decompose and utilize the swallowed cyanobacteria and organic matter; ⑨Developed a method of purification, restoration and control of algae that directly applies the ingestion and transformation of marine fish barracuda in freshwater eutrophication waters. The multiple effects of purifying and repairing algae control in the purified water are more direct and efficient than the purification and repair water treatment method in which aquatic plants indirectly compete for nutrients through the action of microorganisms and inhibit the flooding of cyanobacteria.

Example 5

①Transplant barracuda in freshwater eutrophic waters characterized by lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Seawater barracudas cannot reproduce in freshwater environments, and there is no risk of species invasion; ②Transplant seawater barracudas in inland eutrophic freshwater waters, directly In inland eutrophic freshwater waters, the in-situ resource conversion of organic matter in the water area into excellent fish protein increases the water purification and restoration effect of barracuda, and the output efficiency of organic matter in water sediments increases by 80%, reducing the degree of eutrophication in the water area and exerting The carbon sink fishery value of barracuda; ③Construct a food chain of detritus food with barracuda as the core in the enclosure area, digest and utilize the organic matter in the water sediment before fermenting and decomposing, and increase the organic matter of the sediment exported to the water area through the barracuda Transfer the energy flow path, reduce the background value of organic matter in the water area, and play the role of water purification restoration. The enclosure area is relatively independent lakes, reservoirs or enclosure waters less than 100km2 ^; At the end of the year, the size of the barracuda will reach 150 grams, and the biomass of the barracuda per mu of water will reach 30 kg, which can control the flooding of blue-green algae and promote the purification of the water; in each mu of water, the second-year-old barracuda needs 10 kg The initial stocking amount of cyanobacteria can control the flooding of blue-green algae and promote the purification of waters. By the end of the year, the size of barracuda will reach about 750 grams; in each mu of water area, the initial stocking amount of three-year-old barracuda needs 5 kg to control the flooding of blue-green algae , to promote the purification of the waters, the size of the pike will reach about 1,500 grams by the end of the year; fishing in the enclosed area has been banned for 5 years, and after the measures are taken, the low temperature resistance of the pike makes it possible for the pike to be stocked once for many years in different water depths. In the water environment, the fishing specification of barracuda is limited to more than 3 kilograms, to increase the contribution of purification and restoration of each barracuda, to better exert the purification and restoration potential of barracuda, and to enhance the purification and restoration ability of barracuda, compared with the purification and restoration brought by fishing in the past year The effect is increased by 20 times, and the organic content of the sediment per square meter of water per year is reduced by 350 grams from 1000 grams; It accounts for 70-90% of the total weight, with an average of 85%. During the growth and multiplication of barracuda, the organic matter in the water is continuously reduced every year. The organic matter content in the sediment per square meter of water is reduced by 100-350 grams per year, and the output efficiency of organic matter in the water sediment is increased by 80. %; ⑥ 30 kg of barracudas per mu of water can swallow cyanobacteria in dormancy and germination stages, reduce the background value of cyanobacteria in the water area, reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria, and transform and utilize cyanobacteria in a coordinated way to filter and feed on planktonic algae to control The flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria; ⑦The barracuda controls the flooding and outbreak of cyanobacteria by directly swallowing and filtering algae and reducing the sedimentary organic matter in the water; , reduce the basis for the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria; filter-feed planktonic algae, reduce the content of suspended and floating algae; devour organic matter deposited in waters, reduce the pollution release caused by organic fermentation, compete for the nutrients needed by algae, inhibit the proliferation of algae, and reduce man-made machinery clear water environment The labor intensity of organic matter; ⑧The transformation and utilization of cyanobacteria by barracuda is that cyanobacteria enters the acidic gizzard stomach of barracuda, and under the environment of pH2.0, acidifies the colloidal sheath of cyanobacteria, and makes the cyanobacteria group small under the contraction, agitation and grinding of gastric smooth muscle and then digested and absorbed under the action of intestinal digestive enzymes, and the symbiotic microorganisms in the back part of the intestinal tract further decompose and utilize the swallowed cyanobacteria and organic matter; The method of purifying and repairing algae control has multiple effects of purifying, repairing and controlling algae in eutrophic waters, which is more direct and efficient than the method of purifying and repairing waters where aquatic plants indirectly compete for nutrients through the action of microorganisms and inhibit the flooding of cyanobacteria.

This case has the exclusive right to transplant barracuda in inland freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, landscape water bodies, and artificial wetlands characterized by eutrophic waters, and has the exclusive right to realize the value of barracuda carbon sink fishery in freshwater waters. In freshwater eutrophication waters, the size, quantity, and use of barracuda transplantation areas do not affect the interests of this case. This case also has the exclusive right to use barracuda to improve water quality and increase the output of aquatic products in natural eutrophic freshwater waters for the purpose of economic and social activities. Both the supply and demand sides, the giving and the receiving parties all violated the rights and interests of this case.

Claims (10)

1. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater mullet, comprises following feature: eutrophication freshwater enclosure region, inland transplant and releasing seawater mullet; Take measure of prohibiting fishing, allow mullet perennation breed, increase the time that mullet purification is repaired, building with mullet is the detritus food Food chain of core; Eat organic and resting stage, the blue-green algae of germination period and the cooperative mode of filter food planktonic algae carries out purification reparation, increase eutrophication freshwater Organic Matter In Sediments exports water body and substrate transfer flowpaths by mullet, reduce waters organic matter and blue-green algae background values, cut down waters endogenous pollution; Seawater mullet plays water purification reparation control algae three efficacy at freshwater, significantly improves waters purification repair ability.

2. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that moving at inland eutrophication freshwater growing seawater mullet, direct is mullet fish body protein by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 80%, reduce freshwater Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet at freshwater.

3. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the waters playing mullet carbon remittance Fishery value is the inland eutrophication freshwater with lake, rivers, reservoir, pond, wetland characteristics, seawater mullet is irreproducible offspring in fresh water environment, effectively can avoid the species invasion risk that mullet population is spread unchecked.

4. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that constructing in enclosure region with mullet is the detritus Food chain of core, to eat digestibility and utilization before Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation in waters is decomposed, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, effectively alleviate the decomposing, purifying pressure of waters microorganism simultaneously, enclosure region is arranged on inland eutrophication freshwater, for relatively independent lake, reservoir or be less than 100km ²enclosure waters, enclosure stops the freeing in and out of mullet.

5. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that prohibiting fishing 1-5 in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, contribution time is repaired in the purification improving every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthening mullet purification repair ability, improving 5-50 doubly than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought then.

6. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, organic debris in food of eating in mullet growing multiplication process can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, to eat in the mullet anniversary waters organic matter, the organic background values in continuous reduction waters, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 100-350 gram every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 50-80%.

7. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that every mu of waters is moved can eat in the anniversary blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and filter food planktonic algae, be fish body material in waters original position by blue-green algae trans-utilization, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae.

8. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet according to claim 1 purification, it is characterized in that mullet control blue-green algae to spread unchecked and break out be worked in coordination with by mode, simultaneously the minimizing waters depositional organic matter mode of directly eating and filter food algae.

9. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae is in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of pH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further, surplus materials after mullet digestibility and utilization makes waters organic matter particle miniaturization, be conducive to the capacity of decomposition strengthening waters microorganism.

10. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that fresh water eutrophic water develop original position directly apply marine fishes mullet eat transformation purification repair algae control method, at eutrophication freshwater, there are triple effects that control algae is repaired in purification, suppress blue-green algae to be spread unchecked than waterplant method competition nutritive substance, the treatment process that waters is repaired in purification is more advanced more directly more efficiently more scientific.