CN103807009A - Solar energy and alternative fuel complementary distributed internal combustion engine cooling heating and power system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power system and method in which solar energy and alternative fuels are complementary. Refrigeration system, flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device, tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger and cylinder jacket water plate heat exchanger. Utilizing the present invention, the solar energy and alternative fuels used complement each other to realize the conversion of solar energy into fuel chemical energy; the photo-converted syngas fuel is stored, and coupled with the internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power cogeneration system, not only the energy storage density is high, but the volume of the energy storage device is also high. It is small, and at the same time achieves the multi-functional purpose of low-cost, high-efficiency solar cooling, heating, and electricity co-supply, rather than separate high-cost solar power generation, cooling, and heating, so it effectively solves the problem of existing solar thermal utilization storage problems of difficulty, high cost and low efficiency.

Description

Distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power system and method complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels

technical field

The invention relates to the technical fields of multi-energy complementarity and new energy, energy saving and emission reduction, in particular to a distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power system and method that complement solar energy and alternative fuels.

Background technique

The use of solar thermal energy for power generation, refrigeration and heating is one of the main measures to achieve the goal of non-fossil energy accounting for about 15% of primary energy consumption in my country by 2020. However, due to the low energy density, discontinuity and difficulty in energy storage of solar energy, the utilization rate of solar energy is low, and the degree of development and utilization is severely limited. Especially for solar thermal power generation, regardless of the trough-type or tower-type solar thermal power generation technology, the technical bottlenecks such as high cost and low efficiency caused by the high heat flux density absorber with high temperature instability and low temperature of the power generation working medium are the key factors for solar thermal power generation. The main root cause of inability to scale applications. In addition, when solar thermal energy is used alone for heating or cooling, there is a contradiction between the instability and discontinuity of solar energy and the relative stability of heating and cooling requirements.

Solar thermal utilization and other resources complement each other, especially solar energy and fossil energy, which is a main way to solve the problem of low and discontinuous utilization of solar energy. Internationally, the complementarity between solar thermal energy and fossil energy is that when the solar energy does not reach the required temperature or there is no solar energy, the fossil fuel is directly burned to supply energy. This simple complementary technology of solar thermal collection and direct combustion of fossil fuels is widely used in solar heating, cooling and solar thermal power generation systems. However, it does not pay attention to the matching and matching of energy grades in the complementary process of different resources. It is just a simple superimposed utilization of different resources.

The combined cooling, heating and power system with the internal combustion engine as the power core is currently a distributed energy system with good application prospects. Compared with gas turbines, internal combustion engines not only have low installation costs, but also have relatively good part-load characteristics under low-load operating conditions. However, at present, most of the cooling, heating and power systems with gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines as the power core have serious pollutant emission problems. In addition, in winter, the excessively high temperature exhaust waste heat (400-600°C) is directly used for heating, resulting in a large waste of waste heat. Therefore, how to achieve efficient and stable operation under variable conditions, that is, to ensure that the power generation of the complementary system is stable under variable conditions and the net solar power is close to the design value, and at the same time realize the full and effective use of solar resources has become a complementary technology for solar energy and thermal power stations. Important technical issues that urgently need to be resolved.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a distributed internal combustion engine cold heating and power system and method complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels, so as to solve the problems of difficult energy storage, high cost and low efficiency of existing solar heat utilization.

(2) Technical solutions

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power system in which solar energy and alternative fuels complement each other. Gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300, flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 and cylinder jacket water plate heat exchanger 17, in which:

The energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels uses the trough condenser 4 to concentrate and project the solar energy onto the tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough condenser 4, and drives the tubular endothermic reactor 5 Alternative fuels decomposed or reformed into solar fuels;

Solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, including gas internal combustion engine 11 and generator 12,

The solar fuel generated by the energy storage system 100 of complementary reactions between solar energy and alternative fuels directly drives the internal combustion engine 11 to generate electricity, and releases high-temperature heat through combustion in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 11, which is converted into electrical energy by the generator 12 and output;

The solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 includes a flue gas heat exchanger 13 and a steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14. The waste heat of the flue gas after the solar fuel is burned in the internal combustion engine 11 for power generation passes through the flue gas heat exchanger 13 Generate steam to drive the steam-type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 to refrigerate and output;

The flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 and the substitute fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 when the solar radiation is insufficient or cloudy and rainy all enter the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, and the flue gas waste heat provides The heat of reaction required for the conversion of the alternative fuel into a hydrogen-rich fuel makes all the alternative fuel converted into a hydrogen-rich fuel and enters the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas waste heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 respectively;

The exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 16, the steam generated by the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the flue gas sent from the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 pass through the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to heat the feed water to generate domestic hot water;

The jacket water plate heat exchanger 17, the jacket water of the internal combustion engine 11 heats the feed water through the jacket water plate heat exchanger 17 to generate domestic hot water, and the generated domestic hot water is simultaneously provided to the preheating evaporator 3 for use.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention also provides a distributed cooling and heating method for internal combustion engines in which solar energy and alternative fuels are complementary, which is applied to the above-mentioned system, and the method includes:

The energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels adopts the trough-type concentrator 4 to concentrate and project the solar energy onto the tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough-type concentrator 4, and drives the Decomposition or reformation of alternative fuels into solar fuels;

The solar fuel produced by the energy storage system 100 of complementary reactions between solar energy and alternative fuels directly drives the internal combustion engine 11 in the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 to generate electricity, and releases high-temperature heat through combustion in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 11. 12 converted into electrical energy and output;

The waste heat of the flue gas after the combustion of the solar fuel in the internal combustion engine 11 generates steam through the flue gas heat exchanger 13 in the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 to drive the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 The vapor type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 is refrigerated and exported.

(3) Beneficial effects

As can be seen from the foregoing technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power system in which solar energy and alternative fuels are complementary, and the solar energy and alternative fuels used are complementary to realize the conversion of solar energy into fuel chemical energy. The power of the internal combustion engine is the combustion after the secondary conversion of the alternative fuel, not the direct combustion of the alternative fuel. The photo-converted syngas fuel is stored and coupled with the internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power cogeneration system, which not only has a high energy storage density and a small volume of the energy storage device, but also achieves low-cost, high-efficiency solar cooling, heating, and electricity. Purpose; Moreover, according to the change of cooling and heating load, by adjusting the flue gas volume of solar fuel combustion, it can be used for both solar heat and power cogeneration and cooling and power cogeneration. The invention is not independent high-cost solar power generation, cooling and heating, so it effectively solves the problems of difficult energy storage, high cost and low efficiency of existing solar thermal utilization.

2. The present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating system complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels, which has the characteristics of small capacity, high comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy, and good economy. For a heat collection area of 325m ² , a cogeneration system that combines a trough solar absorption reaction system with a heat collection power of 140kW and an internal combustion engine with a rated power of 380kW. If the annual running time of solar energy is set to 2500h, the solar radiation intensity is 600W/m ² , and the methanol fuel is 2000 yuan/ton. The annual power supply of the complementary system can reach 903,000 kWh, the annual cooling capacity can reach 532,000 kWh, the annual heat supply can reach 724,000 kWh, the annual primary energy saving rate can reach 30.2%, and the annual comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the complementary system can reach 70- 80%. The net power generation efficiency of solar energy reaches 25-28%, far exceeding the 10-17% level of solar power generation alone. If the cold price is 0.45 yuan/kWh, the heat price is 0.3 yuan/kWh, and the electricity price is 1.08 yuan/kWh, the distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power cogeneration system with a capacity of 380kW complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels has a unit investment cost of about 5,000 yuan Yuan/kW, the investment payback period is about 8 years, which is far lower than the investment cost of existing solar thermal power generation technology.

3. The present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power system that is complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels. If compared with a single solar photovoltaic power generation, solar heating, and cooling production technology, it is conservatively considered that the solar heat collection efficiency of the complementary system is 50%, and the solar energy The heat collection efficiency of heating and cooling is 70%, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is 15%. In the case of the same cooling, electricity, and heat output, this complementary distributed energy supply system can save 24% of the solar heat collection area, that is to say, the area occupied by the solar mirror field and the investment cost will be reduced by 24% compared with production.

4. The present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power system that complements solar energy and alternative fuels, uses solar energy and alternative fuels to complement each other, realizes high-efficiency and high-quality utilization of medium and low temperature solar energy through internal combustion engine cooling and heating, and breaks through the independent power generation, cooling and heating of solar energy The technical bottleneck of high cost and low efficiency. With the characteristics of miniaturization, flexibility, decentralization, good economy and environmental protection, it can be widely used in small-scale power supply, cooling and heating in remote areas such as deserts and border posts, and has important economic and social value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power system that provides complementary solar energy and alternative fuels according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power method provided by the present invention which is complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels.

Reference signs:

100 Energy storage systems with complementary reactions between solar energy and alternative fuels:

1. Raw material tank, 2. Raw material pump, 3. Preheating evaporator, 4. Slot type condenser, 5. Tube type endothermic reactor, 6. Condenser, 7. Gas-liquid separator, 8. Compressor, 9. Gas storage tank, 10. Circulation pump;

200 solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system:

11 internal combustion engine, 12 generator;

300 solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system:

13 flue gas heat exchanger, 14 steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit;

15 Flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device;

16 Exhaust waste heat recovery heat exchanger;

17 cylinder jacket water plate heat exchanger.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The core idea of the present invention is: firstly, by integrating the thermochemical complementarity of solar energy and alternative fuel conversion, canceling the traditional energy storage device for solar heat utilization; Provide users with cold, heat, and electricity at the same time, and realize the comprehensive utilization of medium and low temperature solar energy with high efficiency and low cost.

In the present invention, firstly, the accumulated solar energy at 150-300°C is reformed or cracked by alternative fuels through complementary tubular endothermic reactors, and then upgraded to high-grade secondary hydrogen-rich fuels (H ₂ , CO ₂ , CO) form of chemical energy. The solar fuel enters the small or medium-sized internal combustion engine for combustion through the compressor and the gas storage tank, and drives the generator set to generate electricity, thus realizing the high-efficiency thermal power generation of medium and low temperature solar energy. In summer, the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas after solar fuel combustion provides cooling load in summer through the waste heat boiler and lithium bromide waste heat absorption refrigeration system to complete the cooling utilization of solar fuel waste heat, and the exhaust gas and cylinder jacket cooling water provide hot water load. In winter, the waste heat of cylinder jacket water and part of exhaust gas provide heating and domestic hot water load through heat exchangers.

As shown in Figure 1, the distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power system with solar energy and alternative fuels complementary provided by the present invention includes an energy storage system 100 for complementary reactions between solar energy and alternative fuels, a solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, and solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption Type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300, flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 and cylinder jacket water plate heat exchanger 17.

Its main connection mode is: the energy storage system 100 of the complementary reaction between solar energy and alternative fuels is respectively connected with the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 and the cylinder jacket water plate heat exchanger 17 through pipelines, and the solar fuel internal combustion engine generates electricity. The system 200 is respectively connected with the energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels, the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300, the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 and the cylinder jacket water plate heat exchanger 17 through pipelines. The flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 is respectively connected with the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 , the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 and the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 through pipelines. All connecting pipes are provided with valves for control.

The energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels includes a raw material tank 1, a raw material pump 2, a preheating evaporator 3, a trough condenser 4, a tubular endothermic reactor 5, a condenser 6, a gas-liquid separator 7, a compressed air Machine 8, gas storage tank 9 and circulation pump 10. The energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels adopts the trough-type concentrator 4 to concentrate and project the solar energy onto the tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough-type concentrator 4, and drives the Alternative fuels are broken down or reformed into solar fuels. Alternative fuels are methanol and dimethyl ether etc. After solar thermochemical reaction, it is converted and directly stored as solar fuels such as H ₂ , CO ₂ , and CO. The solar energy is collected by the trough condenser 4 and projected to the tubular absorption reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough condenser 4; the substitute fuel in the raw material tank 1 is mixed and sent to the preheating evaporator 3 by the raw material pump 2 Carry out preheating, evaporation and overheating, and the formed raw material gas enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5, absorbs 150 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ solar heat energy in the tubular endothermic reactor 5, and performs decomposition or reforming reaction; The products at the outlet of the thermal reactor 5, including H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ and unreacted materials, enter the condenser 6 for cooling and cooling, and the gas-liquid mixture produced enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to realize gas-liquid separation, and the gas-liquid separator 7 The generated fuel enters the solar fuel gas storage tank 9 through the compressor 8 .

The solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 includes a gas internal combustion engine 11 and a generator 12 . In the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, the solar fuel generated by the energy storage system 100 in which solar energy and alternative fuels are complementary reacts and the air from the outside enters the internal combustion engine 11 for combustion after passing through an air mixer and a gas compressor, releasing high-temperature heat and generating The high-temperature flue gas generates electricity through the generator set 12 to realize power output. Among them, the high-temperature flue gas contains H ₂ O, N ₂ , O ₂ and a small amount of CO ₂ . The internal combustion engine 11 burns solar fuel, and the exhausted flue gas enters the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 .

The solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 includes a flue gas heat exchanger 13 and a steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 . In the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300, the flue gas heat exchanger 13 converts the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 into steam, and drives the steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 to realize refrigeration in the summer cooling season, and completes Refrigeration utilization of exhaust heat from internal combustion engines; hot water for heating is generated during the winter heating season, and the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 16 heats the feed water to generate domestic hot water to complete the heating utilization of exhaust heat from internal combustion engines.

The jacket water plate heat exchanger 17 utilizes the jacket water of the internal combustion engine 11 to heat the feed water to generate domestic hot water, and the generated domestic hot water is simultaneously provided to the preheating evaporator 3 to meet the heat requirements for fuel preheating and evaporation .

The flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 is parallel to the energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels. When the solar radiation is insufficient or it is cloudy and rainy, start the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the alternative fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 and the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 all enter the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, and the flue gas The waste heat provides the reaction heat required to convert the alternative fuel into hydrogen-rich fuel, so that all the alternative fuel is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel and enters the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas waste heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 16 respectively, The flue gas heat exchanger 13 generates steam, and drives the steam-type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 to realize cooling in the summer cooling season; heats feed water in the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to generate domestic hot water. In the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, methanol can be converted into synthesis gas to ensure fuel supply during the operation of the internal combustion engine.

In the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 and the substitute fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 when the solar radiation is insufficient or cloudy and rainy all enter the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, and the flue gas The waste heat provides the reaction heat needed to convert the alternative fuel into hydrogen-rich fuel, so that all the alternative fuel is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel and enters the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas waste heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 respectively.

In the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the flue gas waste heat provides the reaction heat required for methanol fuel to be converted into hydrogen-rich fuel, so that all alternative fuels are converted, so as to ensure that the combustion of fuel entering the internal combustion engine 11 is the combustion of hydrogen-rich fuel, rather than alternative fuel. direct combustion of fuel.

The steam generated by the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the flue gas sent from the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 heat the feed water through the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to generate domestic hot water.

The distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power system that complements solar energy and alternative fuels provided by the present invention can operate in different ways through the control system under different loads and different occasions, and has the ability to jointly realize high-efficiency and high-quality power generation of medium and low temperature solar energy, Cooling and heating functions.

The complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels has the function of energy storage, but no heat storage device is required. When the solar energy is sufficient, the preheating and evaporation process of methanol fuel is provided by solar energy; on cloudy days and winter, it is provided by waste heat such as exhaust gas of internal combustion engine and cylinder jacket cooling water. Solar-driven alternative fuels are a reaction process through material circulation, not a material-pass reaction process. When the solar radiation is higher than the design radiation intensity, the fuel gas tank can be used to store the excess produced synthesis gas.

According to the change of cooling and heating load, the distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention, which is complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels, can be used for combined heat and power supply or combined cooling and power supply by adjusting the amount of steam generated by the flue gas heat exchanger 13 . When there is no cooling and heating load, the cooling and heating subsystems can be decoupled through the control device, and the internal combustion engine that complements the solar energy and alternative fuels can generate electricity independently.

In the energy storage system 100 of complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels, the tubular endothermic reactor 5 adopts two modes of one-pass reaction and material circulation reaction. In terms of control strategy, under the conditions of maximizing the utilization of solar energy and maximizing the material flow rate, according to the variation of solar radiation, by turning on and off the raw material circulation pump 10, two modes of one-pass reaction and material circulation reaction can be adopted. When the solar radiation intensity is very high and the temperature required for the complete reaction of the alternative fuel can be satisfied, the circulating pump 10 is turned off, and a one-pass conversion operation mode is adopted; the products from the outlet of the tubular endothermic reactor 5 include H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ and The unreacted materials enter the condenser 6 to cool down, and the gas-liquid mixture produced enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to realize gas-liquid separation, and the fuel generated by the gas-liquid separator 7 enters the solar fuel gas storage tank 9 through the compressor 8. When the solar radiation intensity cannot guarantee the complete conversion under the maximum flow rate of the material, the circulation pump 10 is turned on, and the mode of material circulation and partial reaction of the material is adopted; the unreacted material enters the raw material tank 1 from the gas-liquid separator 7, and the After the substitute fuel is mixed, it is sent to the preheating evaporator 3 by the raw material pump 2 for preheating, evaporation and superheating, and the formed raw material gas enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5 for recycling.

The reaction products at the outlet of tubular endothermic reactor 5 are mainly H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ and unreacted methanol fuel. The reaction product is cooled by the condenser 6 and separated by the gas-liquid separator 7 , and the solar fuel mainly composed of H ₂ , CO, and CO ₂ is compressed into the gas storage tank 9 . The unreacted reaction product enters the raw material tank 1, and is recycled through the raw material pump 2, the preheating evaporator 3 and the tubular endothermic reactor 5.

The outlet pipeline of the gas storage tank 9 of the energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels is connected with the fuel inlet pipeline of the internal combustion engine 11 . The solar fuel burns in the internal combustion engine 11 cylinders, releases high-temperature heat, drives the internal combustion engine, and converts it into high-quality electric energy for utilization. The internal combustion engine 11 burns solar fuel, which is the combustion of secondary fuel with composition change and calorific value increase brought about by reforming or pyrolysis of alternative fuel driven by solar energy.

Methanol fuel preheating, evaporation process can be provided by solar energy heat, cloudy day and winter, can adopt the waste heat provided by the cooling water of jacket water plate heat exchanger 17.

Based on the system shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of the distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power method provided by the present invention, which is complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels. The method includes:

Step 1: The energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels adopts the trough condenser 4 to concentrate and project the solar energy onto the tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough condenser 4, and drives the tubular endothermic reactor Alternative fuels in 5 decompose or reform into solar fuels;

Step 2: The solar fuel generated by the energy storage system 100 of the complementary reaction between solar energy and alternative fuels directly drives the internal combustion engine 11 in the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 to generate electricity, and releases high-temperature heat through combustion in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 11 , and passes through the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 The generator 12 is converted into electrical energy and output;

Step 3: The waste heat of the flue gas after the solar fuel is burned in the internal combustion engine 11 for power generation is generated by the flue gas heat exchanger 13 in the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 to drive the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption lithium bromide refrigeration system The steam-type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 in the system 300 refrigerates and outputs.

In step 1, the energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels includes a raw material tank 1, a raw material pump 2, a preheating evaporator 3, a trough condenser 4, a tubular endothermic reactor 5, a condenser 6, Gas-liquid separator 7, gas compressor 8 and gas storage tank 9, wherein: solar energy is collected through trough-type concentrator 4, and projected to tubular absorption reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of trough-type concentrator 4; After the fuel is mixed, it is sent to the preheating evaporator 3 by the raw material pump 2 for preheating, evaporation and superheating, and the formed raw material gas enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5 and absorbs 150°C ～300℃ solar heat energy, for decomposition or reformation reaction; the products from the outlet of tubular endothermic reactor 5, including H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ and unreacted materials, enter the condenser 6 to cool down and produce gas-liquid The mixture enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to realize gas-liquid separation, and the fuel generated by the gas-liquid separator 7 enters the solar fuel gas storage tank 9 through the compressor 8 .

Further, the energy storage system 100 for the complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuels also includes a circulation pump 10, connected between the gas-liquid separator 7 and the raw material tank 1, when the solar radiation intensity cannot guarantee the complete conversion of the material under the maximum flow rate , turn on the circulation pump 10, adopt the mode of material circulation and material partial reaction; the unreacted material enters the raw material tank 1 from the gas-liquid separator 7, and after mixing with the alternative fuel in the raw material tank 1, it is sent to the preheating evaporation via the raw material pump 2 Preheating, evaporation and superheating are carried out in the reactor 3, and the raw material gas formed enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5 for recycling. When the solar radiation intensity is very high and the temperature required for the complete reaction of the alternative fuel can be satisfied, the circulating pump 10 is turned off, and a one-pass conversion operation mode is adopted; the products from the outlet of the tubular endothermic reactor 5 include H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ and The unreacted materials enter the condenser 6 to cool down, and the gas-liquid mixture produced enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to realize gas-liquid separation, and the fuel generated by the gas-liquid separator 7 enters the solar fuel gas storage tank 9 through the compressor 8.

In the method shown in Figure 2, when the solar radiation is insufficient or it is cloudy and rainy, the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 is started, and the alternative fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 and the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 all enter the flue gas. Gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the flue gas waste heat provides the reaction heat required for the conversion of alternative fuels into hydrogen-rich fuels, so that all the alternative fuels are converted into hydrogen-rich fuels and enter the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas waste heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and The exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 16 generates steam in the flue gas heat exchanger 13, and drives the steam-type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 to realize cooling in the summer cooling season; the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 16 heats feed water to generate domestic hot water. In the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the waste heat of the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 provides the reaction heat needed to convert the alternative fuel into a hydrogen-rich fuel, so that all the alternative fuels are converted to ensure that the fuel entering the internal combustion engine 11 is hydrogen-rich fuel. Combustion of fuel, rather than direct combustion of alternative fuels.

The flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 and the alternative fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 all enter the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 when the solar radiation is insufficient or it is cloudy and rainy. The heat of reaction of the alternative fuel is converted into hydrogen-rich fuel and enters the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas waste heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 respectively. The jacket water of the internal combustion engine 11 is heated by the jacket water plate heat exchanger 17 to generate domestic hot water, and the generated domestic hot water is simultaneously provided to the preheating evaporator 3 for use. The steam generated by the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the flue gas sent from the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 heat the feed water through the tail gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to generate domestic hot water.

Let's take a specific example to illustrate. A border post area in the west needs electricity, heating, domestic hot water and cooling. The annual average irradiance intensity in this region is about 400W/m ² during the period when solar energy is available. The annual average electricity load (annual year) is 110kW, the annual average domestic hot water load is 70kW, the cooling load is 100kW (cooling season), and the heating load is 80kW (heating season).

If the distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating power system proposed by the present invention is complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels, the main equipment and parameters of the scheme that can be used are shown in Table 1 according to the load conditions.

Table 1 main equipment and parameters

In this embodiment, the net solar power generation is 116kW, the refrigeration is 110kW, the annual full-load operation time is 8760 hours, the annual power supply is 1 million kWh, the annual methanol consumption is 650 tons, the annual cooling capacity is 320,000 kWh, and the annual heating capacity is 240,000 kWh. The hot water supply capacity is 520,000 kWh. The system can pay back the investment within 7 years.

If the methanol burning system is adopted, the grid electricity is purchased and the methanol boiler is used to heat domestic hot water. According to the grid power efficiency of 30.4% (after considering the 8% grid loss), the efficiency of the methanol hot water boiler is 85%, then in the case of the same output as the joint production, the separate production system needs to consume a total of 800 tons of methanol. It can be seen from this that the energy saving rate of the distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power system complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels provided by the present invention can reach 23%.

If methanol is decomposed with 20% waste heat of flue gas in summer cooling season and winter heating season, the annual power supply is 1 million kWh, the annual cooling capacity is 260,000 kWh, the annual heating capacity is 190,000 kWh, and the annual heating capacity is 500,000 kWh kWh, the annual methanol consumption is 650 tons, and the system can recover the investment within 8 years.

If the methanol burning system is adopted, the grid electricity is purchased and the methanol boiler is used to heat domestic hot water. According to the grid power efficiency of 30.4% (after considering the 8% grid loss), the efficiency of the methanol hot water boiler is 85%, then in the case of the same output as the joint production, the separate production system needs to consume a total of 789 tons of methanol. It can be seen from this that the energy saving rate of the distributed internal combustion engine cooling, heating and power system complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels provided by the present invention can reach 20.2%.

The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (21)

1. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of a solar energy and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, this system comprises that energy-storage system (100), solar energy fuel combustion machine power generating system (200), the absorption lithium bromide absorption chiller system of solar energy fuel fume afterheat (300), flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), the using waste heat from tail gas of solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction reclaim heat exchanger (16) and jacket water plate type heat exchanger (17), wherein:

The energy-storage system (100) of solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction, adopt slot light collection mirror (4) that Salar light-gathering is projected to the tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) of arranging along slot light collection mirror (4) focal line upper, drive the alternative fuel decomposition in tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) or be restructured as solar energy fuel;

Solar energy fuel combustion machine power generating system (200), comprise gas internal-combustion engine (11) and generator (12), the solar energy fuel that the energy-storage system (100) of solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction produces directly drives internal-combustion engine (11) generating, burn and discharge heat of high temperature by internal-combustion engine (11) cylinder combustion, be converted into electric energy output through generator (12);

The absorption lithium bromide absorption chiller system of solar energy fuel fume afterheat (300), comprise flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) and steam type double-effect lithium bromide cooling machine set (14), solar energy fuel is the fume afterheat after combustion power generation in internal-combustion engine (11), produce steam through flue gas heat-exchange unit (13), drive steam type double-effect lithium bromide cooling machine set (14) freeze and export;

Flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), the flue gas that internal-combustion engine (11) is discharged and all enter flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15) through the alternative fuel of preheating evaporator (3) preheating when not enough or cloudy day rains at solar energy irradiation, fume afterheat provides alternative fuel to be converted to the reaction heat that hydrogen-rich fuel needs, make alternative fuel all be converted to hydrogen-rich fuel and enter internal-combustion engine (11), remaining fume afterheat enters respectively flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) and using waste heat from tail gas reclaims heat exchanger (16);

Using waste heat from tail gas reclaims heat exchanger (16), and the flue gas of sending here in the steam that flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) produces and flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15) reclaims heat exchanger (16) heated feed water through using waste heat from tail gas and produces domestic hot-water;

Jacket water plate type heat exchanger (17), the jacket water of internal-combustion engine (11) produces domestic hot-water by jacket water plate type heat exchanger (17) heated feed water, and the domestic hot-water of generation offers preheating evaporator (3) simultaneously and uses.

2. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 1 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, the energy-storage system (100) of described solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction comprises head tank (1), feedstock pump (2), preheating evaporator (3), slot light collection mirror (4), tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), condenser (6), gas-liquid separator (7), gas compressor (8) and gas holder (9), wherein:

Solar energy is assembled through slot light collection mirror (4), projects the tubular type absorption reactor thermally (5) of arranging along the focal line of slot light collection mirror (4); Alternative fuel in head tank (1) is after mixing, deliver to and in preheating evaporator (3), carry out preheating, evaporation and overheated by feedstock pump (2), the virgin gas forming enters tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), in tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), absorb 150 ℃～300 ℃ solar thermal energies, decompose or reforming reaction; From the product of tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) outlet, comprise H ₂, CO, CO ₂and unreacted material, enter in condenser (6) and cool, the gas-liquid mixture producing enters gas-liquid separator (7) and realizes gas-liquid separation, and the fuel that gas-liquid separator (7) generates enters solar energy fuel storing gas tank (9) through gas compressor (8).

3. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 2 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, the energy-storage system (100) of described solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction also comprises recycle pump (10), be connected between gas-liquid separator (7) and head tank (1), when solar irradiance intensity can not guarantee the conversion completely under material peak rate of flow, ON cycle pump (10), the mode of employing Matter Transfer and material partial reaction; Unreacted material enters head tank (1) from gas-liquid separator (7), after mixing with the alternative fuel in head tank (1), deliver to and in preheating evaporator (3), carry out preheating, evaporation and overheated through feedstock pump (2), the virgin gas forming enters tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), recycles.

4. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 3 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, when solar irradiance intensity is very large, can meet alternative fuel complete reaction needs temperature, close recycle pump (10), adopt once by transforming the method for operation; From the product of tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) outlet, comprise H ₂, CO, CO ₂and unreacted material, enter in condenser (6) and cool, the gas-liquid mixture producing enters gas-liquid separator (7) and realizes gas-liquid separation, and the fuel that gas-liquid separator (7) generates enters solar energy fuel storing gas tank (9) through gas compressor (8).

5. according to the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of the solar energy described in any one in claim 1 to 4 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, described alternative fuel is methyl alcohol and dimethyl ether, through solar heat chemolysis or reforming reaction, transforms and directly save as solar energy fuel H ₂, CO ₂and CO.

6. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 1 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, in described solar energy fuel combustion machine power generating system (200), the solar energy fuel that the energy-storage system (100) of solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction produces with from outside air through air mixer and gas compressor laggard enter internal-combustion engine (11) burning, discharge heat of high temperature, the high-temperature flue gas producing, through generator set (12) generating, is realized electric power output.

7. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 6 and alternative fuel complementation, is characterized in that, in described high-temperature flue gas, contains H ₂o, N ₂, O ₂, and a small amount of CO ₂.

8. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 6 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, in described internal-combustion engine (11), burning is solar energy fuel, and the flue gas of discharge enters into flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15).

9. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 1 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, in the absorption lithium bromide absorption chiller system of described solar energy fuel fume afterheat (300), the flue gas that flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) is discharged internal-combustion engine (11) is converted into steam, freeze and drive season steam type double-effect lithium bromide cooling machine set (14) to realize refrigeration in summer, complete the refrigeration utilization of internal-combustion engine smoke discharging residual heat; Heating season produces heating hot water in the winter time, reclaims heat exchanger (16) heated feed water produce domestic hot-water through using waste heat from tail gas, completes the heating utilization of internal-combustion engine smoke discharging residual heat.

10. the distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of solar energy according to claim 1 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, described jacket water plate type heat exchanger (17) utilizes the jacket water heated feed water of described internal-combustion engine (11) to produce domestic hot-water, and the domestic hot-water of generation offers preheating evaporator (3) simultaneously and meet the heat demand of preheating of fuel and evaporation.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of 11. solar energy according to claim 1 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, the energy-storage system (100) of described flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device and described solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction is parallel, in the time of solar energy irradiation deficiency or cloudy raining, start flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), the flue gas of discharging through alternative fuel and the internal-combustion engine (11) of preheating evaporator (3) preheating all enters flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), fume afterheat provides alternative fuel to be converted to the reaction heat that hydrogen-rich fuel needs, make alternative fuel all be converted to hydrogen-rich fuel and enter internal-combustion engine (11), remaining fume afterheat enters respectively flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) and using waste heat from tail gas reclaims heat exchanger (16), produce steam at flue gas heat-exchange unit (13), freeze and drive season steam type double-effect lithium bromide cooling machine set (14) to realize refrigeration in summer, reclaim heated feed water in heat exchanger (16) at using waste heat from tail gas and produce domestic hot-water.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power system of 12. solar energy according to claim 11 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, in described flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), the fume afterheat that internal-combustion engine (11) is discharged provides alternative fuel to be converted to the reaction heat that hydrogen-rich fuel needs, alternative fuel is all changed, the fuel combustion that enters internal-combustion engine (11) with assurance is the burning of hydrogen-rich fuel, but not the direct burning of alternative fuel.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 13. 1 kinds of solar energy and alternative fuel complementation, is applied to system claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method comprises:

It is upper that the energy-storage system (100) of solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction adopts slot light collection mirror (4) that Salar light-gathering is projected to the tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) of arranging along slot light collection mirror (4) focal line, drives the alternative fuel decomposition in tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) or be restructured as solar energy fuel;

The solar energy fuel that the energy-storage system (100) of solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction produces directly drives internal-combustion engine (11) generating in solar energy fuel combustion machine power generating system (200), burnt and discharged heat of high temperature by internal-combustion engine (11) cylinder combustion, the generator (12) in solar energy fuel combustion machine power generating system (200) is converted into electric energy output;

Solar energy fuel is the fume afterheat after combustion power generation in internal-combustion engine (11), and the flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) in the absorption lithium bromide absorption chiller system of solar energy fuel fume afterheat (300) produces steam,

Drive the steam type double-effect lithium bromide cooling machine set (14) in the solar energy absorption lithium bromide absorption chiller system of fuel fume afterheat (300) freeze and export.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 14. solar energy according to claim 13 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, the energy-storage system (100) of described solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction comprise head tank (1), feedstock pump (2), preheating evaporator (3), slot light collection mirror (4),

Tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), condenser (6), gas-liquid separator (7), gas compressor (8) and gas holder (9), wherein:

Solar energy is assembled through slot light collection mirror (4), projects the tubular type absorption reactor thermally (5) of arranging along the focal line of slot light collection mirror (4); Alternative fuel in head tank (1) is after mixing, deliver to and in preheating evaporator (3), carry out preheating, evaporation and overheated by feedstock pump (2), the virgin gas forming enters tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), in tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), absorb 150 ℃～300 ℃ solar thermal energies, decompose or reforming reaction; From the product of tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) outlet, comprise H ₂, CO, CO ₂and unreacted material, enter in condenser (6) and cool, the gas-liquid mixture producing enters gas-liquid separator (7) and realizes gas-liquid separation, and the fuel that gas-liquid separator (7) generates enters solar energy fuel storing gas tank (9) through gas compressor (8).

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 15. solar energy according to claim 14 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, the energy-storage system (100) of described solar energy and alternative fuel complementary interaction also comprises recycle pump (10), be connected between gas-liquid separator (7) and head tank (1), when solar irradiance intensity can not guarantee the conversion completely under material peak rate of flow, ON cycle pump (10), the mode of employing Matter Transfer and material partial reaction; Unreacted material enters head tank (1) from gas-liquid separator (7), after mixing with the alternative fuel in head tank (1), deliver to and in preheating evaporator (3), carry out preheating, evaporation and overheated through feedstock pump (2), the virgin gas forming enters tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5), recycles.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 16. solar energy according to claim 15 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, when solar irradiance intensity is very large, can meet alternative fuel complete reaction needs temperature, close recycle pump (10), adopt once by transforming the method for operation; From the product of tubular type heat absorption reaction device (5) outlet, comprise H ₂, CO, CO ₂and unreacted material, enter in condenser (6) and cool, the gas-liquid mixture producing enters gas-liquid separator (7) and realizes gas-liquid separation, and the fuel that gas-liquid separator (7) generates enters solar energy fuel storing gas tank (9) through gas compressor (8).

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 17. solar energy according to claim 13 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, in the time of solar energy irradiation deficiency or cloudy raining, start flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), the flue gas of discharging through alternative fuel and the internal-combustion engine (11) of preheating evaporator (3) preheating all enters flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), fume afterheat provides alternative fuel to be converted to the reaction heat that hydrogen-rich fuel needs, make alternative fuel all be converted to hydrogen-rich fuel and enter internal-combustion engine (11), remaining fume afterheat enters respectively flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) and using waste heat from tail gas reclaims heat exchanger (16), produce steam at flue gas heat-exchange unit (13), freeze and drive season steam type double-effect lithium bromide cooling machine set (14) to realize refrigeration in summer, reclaim heated feed water in heat exchanger (16) at using waste heat from tail gas and produce domestic hot-water.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 18. solar energy according to claim 17 and alternative fuel complementation, it is characterized in that, in described flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15), the fume afterheat that internal-combustion engine (11) is discharged provides alternative fuel to be converted to the reaction heat that hydrogen-rich fuel needs, alternative fuel is all changed, the fuel combustion that enters internal-combustion engine (11) with assurance is the burning of hydrogen-rich fuel, but not the direct burning of alternative fuel.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 19. solar energy according to claim 13 and alternative fuel complementation, is characterized in that, the method also comprises:

The flue gas that internal-combustion engine (11) is discharged and all enter flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15) through the alternative fuel of preheating evaporator (3) preheating when not enough or cloudy day rains at solar energy irradiation, fume afterheat provides alternative fuel to be converted to the reaction heat that hydrogen-rich fuel needs, make alternative fuel all be converted to hydrogen-rich fuel and enter internal-combustion engine (11), remaining fume afterheat enters respectively flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) and using waste heat from tail gas reclaims heat exchanger (16).

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 20. solar energy according to claim 19 and alternative fuel complementation, is characterized in that, the method also comprises:

The jacket water of internal-combustion engine (11) produces domestic hot-water by jacket water plate type heat exchanger (17) heated feed water, and the domestic hot-water of generation offers preheating evaporator (3) simultaneously and uses.

The distributed internal-combustion engine cool and thermal power method of 21. solar energy according to claim 19 and alternative fuel complementation, is characterized in that, the method also comprises:

The flue gas of sending here in the steam that flue gas heat-exchange unit (13) produces and flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device (15) reclaims heat exchanger (16) heated feed water through using waste heat from tail gas and produces domestic hot-water.