CN103744782A - Method and device for acquiring program execution sequence - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes a method and device for obtaining a program execution sequence, wherein the method for obtaining a program execution sequence includes: selecting an instrumentation node for the program under test at the compilation stage and implanting a probe, writing a saving function in the probe, collecting Sequence function and restore function; when the program under test executes a branch according to the current test case, output the corresponding basic block information; Generate execution sequence information including line number information. In the embodiment of the present invention, by writing the save function and restore function in the probe through the instrumentation module, the instrumentation of the target code can be realized without modifying the source code of the program, and multiple test cases of the program can be obtained. Execute the sequence, which in turn can help testers to achieve software engineering tasks, such as error location.

Description

Method and device for acquiring program execution sequence

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of computer technology, in particular to a method and device for acquiring a program execution sequence.

Background technique

Program testing refers to the inspection of a computer program that has completed all or part of its functions and modules before it is officially used, so as to ensure that the program can run correctly according to the predetermined method. Currently used testing methods include white box testing and black box testing.

Among them, white box testing is also called structural testing or logic-driven testing, which mainly tests the internal structure of the program. Testers design test cases and test the logical path of the program based on the internal logical structure information of the program, and verify the execution results. The opposite of white box testing is black box testing, which is also called functional testing. Black-box testing does not consider the internal structure and internal characteristics of the software, but only focuses on the correctness of the interface input and output.

Coverage technology is one of the commonly used techniques in white-box testing. Logic coverage is a standard that indicates the degree of coverage of program logic by test cases during program execution. Code coverage mainly focuses on the degree of coverage of the internal logic of the program at runtime. According to different granularity, it can be divided into: statement coverage, decision coverage, condition coverage, decision/condition coverage, condition combination coverage, etc. Coverage testing can check the rationality of test case design by detecting whether the critical path of the program has been completely covered. Program instrumentation is a key technology that coverage testing relies on. The instrumentation technology makes it possible to collect runtime coverage information without affecting the logic characteristics of the program. According to the timing of instrumentation, program instrumentation techniques are mainly divided into two types: (1) Source code instrumentation: source code instrumentation is to directly modify the program source file and insert the corresponding stub code. Source code instrumentation requires a complete lexical analysis and syntax analysis of the source code to determine the location of the instrumentation. (2) Object code instrumentation: Compared with source code instrumentation, object code instrumentation will not affect the source code, but will affect the generated object code. However, there is usually no corresponding program structure in the object code. Based on the program instrumentation technology, coverage information at various granularity levels can be obtained in the coverage test.

In scientific research work, source code instrumentation is usually used to obtain the execution sequence, which can obtain accurate results and is easy to operate, but in industrial applications, it is usually not allowed to modify the source code of the program, so the source code cannot be used in industrial applications. The method of code instrumentation to obtain the execution sequence.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

Therefore, the first object of the present invention is to propose a method for acquiring a program execution sequence. This method realizes the instrumentation of the target code without modifying the source code of the program, and the execution sequence of the program can be obtained after the test case is executed, which in turn can help the tester to realize software engineering tasks, such as error location.

In order to achieve the above object, the method for obtaining the program execution sequence of the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes the following steps:

In the compilation stage, select the instrumentation node to implant the probe for the program under test, and write the save function, collection sequence function and restore function in the probe;

When the program under test executes a branch according to the current test case, output the corresponding basic block information; and

The execution sequence at the basic block diagram level is obtained according to the basic block information, and the execution sequence information including line number information is generated according to the execution sequence and the corresponding basic block diagram.

In the method for obtaining the program execution sequence in the embodiment of the present invention, by writing the save function and the restore function in the probe, the instrumentation of the target code can be realized without modifying the program source code, and the test case can be obtained after executing the test case. Multiple execution sequences of a program, which in turn can help testers achieve software engineering tasks, such as fault location.

In order to achieve the above object, the apparatus for acquiring a program execution sequence according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes: an instrumentation module, an execution module, and a generation module.

The device for obtaining the program execution sequence in the embodiment of the present invention writes the save function and the restore function in the probe through the instrumentation module, and can realize the instrumentation of the target code without modifying the source code of the program. By executing the test case After that, multiple execution sequences of the program can be obtained, which in turn can help testers to achieve software engineering tasks, such as error location.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easy to understand from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein,

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for acquiring a program execution sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a program execution sequence according to another embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a basic block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an acquisition device for a program execution sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for acquiring a program execution sequence according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present invention include all changes, modifications and equivalents coming within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be A mechanical connection can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

Any process or method descriptions in flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent modules, segments or portions of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process , and the scope of preferred embodiments of the invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which shall It is understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.

The method and device for acquiring a program execution sequence in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for acquiring a program execution sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the method for obtaining the program execution sequence includes the following steps:

S101 , selecting an instrumentation node for the program under test at the compilation stage to implant a probe, and writing a save function, a collection sequence function and a restore function into the probe.

Among them, the save function is used to save the register data in the memory before calling the collection sequence function; the restore function is used to restore the register data saved in the memory after calling the collection sequence function.

The purpose of writing the save function in the probe is to save the context scene of the collection sequence function; the purpose of writing the restore function in the probe is to restore the context scene of the collection sequence function; the purpose of writing the collection sequence function in the probe is to collect sequence of program execution.

In addition, before selecting a stub node for the program under test to implant probes, the method may further include: preprocessing the source file of the program under test, dividing the source file into basic blocks and branches, and drawing a basic block diagram.

After drawing the basic block diagram, determine the branch that needs to be inserted according to the basic block diagram, and then determine the insertion node according to the branch that needs to be inserted.

S102, when the program under test executes a branch according to the current test case, output corresponding basic block information.

A test case is composed of test data and expected results. Multiple test cases may be used in the embodiment of the present invention, and these test cases include test cases that are successfully executed and test cases that fail to execute. Different branch information can be obtained by executing different test cases.

When the program under test executes a branch according to the current test case, the basic blocks in the branch are executed.

S103. Obtain an execution sequence at the basic block diagram level according to the basic block information, and generate execution sequence information including line number information according to the execution sequence and the corresponding basic block diagram.

In this embodiment, when the basic block in the branch is executed, the collection sequence function will be triggered to collect the execution sequence of the basic block; then the execution file containing the execution sequence and the coverage of the stored program can be processed by an object-oriented, literal translation computer programming language information and basic block diagram information files to obtain easy-to-read execution sequence information, that is, execution sequence information including line number information.

The method for obtaining the execution sequence of the above program realizes the instrumentation of the target code without modifying the source code of the program. After executing the test case, the execution sequence of the program can be obtained, which in turn can help testers realize software engineering tasks, such as error location .

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a program execution sequence according to another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 2, the method for obtaining the program execution sequence includes the following steps:

S200, preprocessing the source file of the program under test, dividing the source file into basic blocks and branches, and drawing a basic block diagram.

Assume that the source file of the program to be tested in this embodiment is as follows:

The basic block (BB) diagram drawn by the code coverage tool is shown in Figure 3. From Figure 3, it can be seen that the program is divided into 9 basic blocks, namely BB0-BB8. Among them, BB0, BB2, BB7, and BB8 have no corresponding source code information. These are auxiliary basic blocks inserted by the compilation tool, and the corresponding branches (arc) are also virtual branches. According to the basic concept of a directed graph, the out-degree sum of each vertex is equal to its in-degree sum. Among them, BB0 is the virtual start entry node, BB8 is the virtual exit node, the in-degree sum of BB0 is 0, and the out-degree sum of BB8 is 0.

S201, selecting an instrumentation node for the program under test at the compilation stage to implant a probe, and writing a save function, a collection sequence function and a restore function into the probe.

In this embodiment, after drawing the basic block diagram as shown in FIG. 3 through step S200, the branches to be inserted can be determined according to the basic block diagram, and then the nodes to be inserted can be determined according to the branches to be inserted.

In the program compilation stage, probes are implanted at the determined insertion nodes, and in this embodiment, all edges of arc0-arc9 are to be inserted. The purpose of writing the save function in the probe is to save the context scene of the collection sequence function; the purpose of writing the restore function in the probe is to restore the context scene of the collection sequence function.

In addition, in this embodiment, the save function and the restore function use inline assembly (that is, insert assembly language into a high-level language such as C language), which can directly access registers and improve efficiency.

S202, when the program under test executes a branch according to the current test case, output corresponding basic block information.

A test case is composed of test data and expected results. Multiple test cases may be used in the embodiment of the present invention, and these test cases include test cases that are successfully executed and test cases that fail to execute. Different branch information can be obtained by executing different test cases.

S203. Obtain an execution sequence at the basic block diagram level according to the basic block information, and generate execution sequence information including line number information according to the execution sequence and the corresponding basic block diagram.

Execute the compiled program, and the output execution file containing the execution sequence at the basic block diagram level is:

demo.gcda0

demo.gcda1

demo.gcda2

demo.gcda4

demo.gcda2

demo.gcda4

demo.gcda2

demo.gcda4

demo.gcda3

demo.gcda5

demo.gcda7

demo.gcda9

Among them, the first column and the second column of the above execution file are separated by spaces, the first column is the file to which the branch belongs, and the second column is the branch corresponding to the arc number in the basic block diagram, that is, 0 means arc0 in Figure 3 , 1 means arc1 in Figure 3, 2 means arc2 in Figure 3, and so on.

In this embodiment, an object-oriented, literal translation computer programming language such as Python language can be used to process the execution file and the file storing the coverage information and basic block diagram information of the program to obtain easy-to-read execution sequence information that includes line number information. The execution sequence information is:

[2,3,4,5]

[5,7]

[5,7]

[5,7]

[10,11]

[13][19]

Wherein, the execution sequence information is recorded according to the execution order of the sequence, the square brackets represent a block, and the internal numbers represent the statements contained in the block.

S204, obtaining a plurality of execution sequence information, and locating the error of the program under test according to the execution sequence information.

Through steps S201-203, the execution sequence information corresponding to multiple test cases can be obtained, multiple graphs are generated according to the above execution sequence information, and the generated graphs are mined using the subgraph mining algorithm, and then the error location of the tested program is performed according to the mining results .

The method for obtaining the above program execution sequence, by writing the save function and the restore function in the probe, can realize the instrumentation of the target code without modifying the program source code, and can obtain multiple programs by executing the test case. Execution sequences, which in turn can help testers achieve software engineering tasks, such as bug localization.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for acquiring a program execution sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , the device for obtaining the program execution sequence includes: an instrumentation module 410 , an execution module 420 and a generation module 430 .

The instrumentation module 410 is used to select the instrumentation node implantation probe for the program under test at the compilation stage, and writes the preservation function, collection sequence function and restoration function in the above-mentioned probe; the execution module 420 is used for when the above-mentioned program under test according to When the current test case executes a branch, output the corresponding basic block information; the generation module 430 is used to obtain the execution sequence of the basic block diagram level according to the basic block information, and generate the execution sequence containing the line number information according to the above execution sequence and the corresponding basic block diagram sequence information.

Wherein, the save function is used to save the register data in the memory before calling the above collection sequence function; the above restore function is used to restore the register data saved in the memory after calling the above collection sequence function.

The purpose of writing the save function in the probe is to save the context scene of the collection sequence function; the purpose of writing the restore function in the probe is to restore the context scene of the collection sequence function; the purpose of writing the collection sequence function in the probe is to record sequence of program execution.

In addition, the device may further include: a drawing module 400, which is used to preprocess the source file of the program under test before the instrumentation module 410 selects the instrumentation node for the program under test to implant the probe, and the above source file Divide basic blocks and branches, and draw basic block diagrams. After the basic block diagram is drawn by the drawing module 400, the posting module 410 may determine the branches that need to be inserted according to the drawn basic block diagram, and then determine the above-mentioned posting nodes according to the branches that need to be inserted.

Further, the device may further include: a positioning module 440, as shown in FIG. 5, the positioning module 440 is used to obtain a plurality of execution sequence information after the above generation module 430 generates the execution sequence information including line number information, according to the above Execute the sequence information to locate the error of the above-mentioned program under test.

The above-mentioned device for obtaining the execution sequence of the program can obtain the execution sequence of the program under test through cooperation between the drawing module 400, the instrumentation module 410, the execution module 420, and the generation module 430. The specific implementation process can be seen in FIG. 1, which is not shown here. Repeat; through the cooperation between the drawing module 400, the instrumentation module 410, the execution module 420, the generation module 430 and the positioning module 440, the error location of the program under test can be performed according to the obtained execution sequence of the program under test. The specific implementation process can be Refer to FIG. 2 , which will not be repeated here.

The acquisition device of the above-mentioned program execution sequence writes the save function and restore function in the probe through the instrumentation module, which can realize the instrumentation of the target code without modifying the source code of the program, and the program can be obtained after executing the test case Multiple execution sequences, which in turn can help testers to achieve software engineering tasks, such as error location.

It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, firmware or their combination. In the embodiments described above, various steps or methods may be implemented by software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or combination of the following techniques known in the art: Discrete logic circuits, ASICs with suitable combinational logic gates, Programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), etc.

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. program is carried out an acquisition methods for sequence, it is characterized in that, comprising:

In the compilation phase, be that tested program is selected pitching pile node implantable probe, in described probe, write and preserve function, collect ordinal function and go back original function;

When described tested program is carried out branch according to current test case, export corresponding fundamental block information; And

According to described fundamental block information, obtain the execution sequence of fundamental block figure rank, according to described execution sequence, generate with corresponding fundamental block figure the execution sequence information that comprises line number information.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described preservation function, for before calling described collection ordinal function, is saved in register data in internal memory; The described original function of going back, for after calling described collection ordinal function, reduces the register data being kept in internal memory.

3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described, before the compilation phase is tested program selection pitching pile node implantable probe, described method also comprises:

The source file of tested program described in pre-service, divides fundamental block and branch to described source file, and draws fundamental block figure.

4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, describedly for tested program, selects pitching pile node implantable probe and comprises:

According to described fundamental block figure, determine the branch that needs pitching pile, according to the described branch that needs pitching pile, determine described pitching pile node.

5. the method as described in claim as arbitrary in claim 1-4, is characterized in that, described according to described execution sequence, generate with corresponding fundamental block figure the execution sequence information that comprises line number information after, described method also comprises:

Obtain multiple execution sequence informations, according to described execution sequence information, carry out the location of mistake of described tested program.

6. program is carried out an acquisition device for sequence, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Pitching pile module for being that tested program is selected pitching pile node implantable probe in the compilation phase, writes and preserves function, collects ordinal function and go back original function in described probe;

Execution module, for when described tested program is carried out branch according to current test case, exports corresponding fundamental block information; And

Generation module, for obtain the execution sequence of fundamental block figure rank according to described fundamental block information, generates with corresponding fundamental block figure the execution sequence information that comprises line number information according to described execution sequence.

7. device as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described preservation function, for before calling described collection ordinal function, is saved in register data in internal memory; The described original function of going back, for after calling described collection ordinal function, reduces the register data being kept in internal memory.

8. device as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:

Drafting module, for being before tested program is selected pitching pile node implantable probe in described pitching pile module, the source file of tested program, divides fundamental block and branch to described source file, and draws fundamental block figure described in pre-service.

9. device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described pitching pile module, specifically for:

The fundamental block figure drawing according to described drafting module determines the branch that needs pitching pile, according to the described branch that needs pitching pile, determines described pitching pile node.

10. the device as described in claim as arbitrary in claim 6-9, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:

Locating module, for after described generation module generates the execution sequence information that comprises line number information, obtains multiple execution sequence informations, according to described execution sequence information, carries out the location of mistake of described tested program.

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