CN103258428B - A kind of method realizing traffic behavior collection based on ETC equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于ETC设备实现交通状态采集的方法,在高速公路沿线合理布设多个基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备,利用车辆装载的ETC车载设备,通过基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备的DSRC-XXCJ信号的覆盖区域,被连续发射的所述DSRC-XXCJ微波信号唤醒,与基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备发生信息交互过程;这个交互过程包括通信链路链接、通信交易和通信链路的释放;所述DSRC-XXCJ微波信号采用全双工通信;其中基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备从ETC车载设备上获取唯一标识车辆的OBUID,并将该OBUID及交互时间上传至后台管理中心;后台管理中心由上传数据分析出当前路段的交通流量及拥堵程度。本发明可以解决使用ETC车载终端作为信息采集源,来实现交通流量统计、交通拥堵程度分析等服务的技术问题。
The invention discloses a method for realizing traffic state acquisition based on ETC equipment. A plurality of DSRC-based traffic information acquisition equipment is rationally arranged along the expressway, and the ETC vehicle-mounted equipment is used to pass the DSRC of the DSRC-based traffic information acquisition equipment. -The coverage area of the XXCJ signal is awakened by the continuous emission of the DSRC-XXCJ microwave signal, and an information interaction process occurs with the DSRC-based traffic information collection device; this interaction process includes communication link linking, communication transactions and release of communication links ; The DSRC-XXCJ microwave signal adopts full-duplex communication; wherein the traffic information collection device based on DSRC obtains the OBUID of the uniquely identified vehicle from the ETC vehicle-mounted equipment, and uploads the OBUID and the interaction time to the background management center; the background management center Analyze the traffic flow and congestion level of the current road section from the uploaded data. The invention can solve the technical problem of using the ETC vehicle-mounted terminal as an information collection source to realize services such as traffic flow statistics and traffic congestion degree analysis.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种交通管理与信息采集的方法。The invention relates to a traffic management and information collection method.
背景技术Background technique
实时、完整、高效的交通数据采集与交互是智能交通的基础要求。目前,公路网信息采集总体处于初级和粗放式的状态,公路沿线布设的检测器功能单一,且完好率低,初步估计故障率达80%,而交调点设备价格昂贵、布设密度低,覆盖范围不足;交通数据的综合处理以及挖掘能力不高,行业信息资源仅达到初级共享,无法实现对交通运行状态的综合掌控。Real-time, complete and efficient traffic data collection and interaction are the basic requirements of intelligent transportation. At present, the road network information collection is generally in a primary and extensive state. The detectors deployed along the road have a single function and a low integrity rate. The initial estimated failure rate is as high as 80%. Insufficient scope; the comprehensive processing and mining capabilities of traffic data are not high, industry information resources can only be shared at the primary level, and comprehensive control of traffic operation status cannot be realized.
而目前,ETC系统已基本覆盖全国高速公路网络,如何使有限的投入能充分发挥出更大社会效益,已经成为进一步推动ETC发展必须考虑的问题。当ETC应用进入大规模发展阶段后,车载终端相对不低的价格和相对单一的服务功能,是影响ETC用户增长率的一个关键因素,也是提升ETC系统运营效率的一个制约因素。At present, the ETC system has basically covered the national highway network. How to make the limited investment fully exert greater social benefits has become a problem that must be considered to further promote the development of ETC. When the ETC application enters the stage of large-scale development, the relatively low price and relatively single service function of the vehicle-mounted terminal are a key factor affecting the growth rate of ETC users and a restrictive factor to improve the operating efficiency of the ETC system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于ETC设备实现交通状态采集的方法,以解决使用ETC车载终端作为信息采集源,来实现交通流量统计、交通拥堵程度分析等服务的技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for realizing traffic state collection based on ETC equipment, so as to solve the technical problem of using ETC vehicle-mounted terminal as an information collection source to realize services such as traffic flow statistics and traffic congestion degree analysis.
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:In order to realize the foregoing invention object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种基于ETC设备实现交通状态采集的方法,在高速公路沿线合理布设多个基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备,利用车辆装载的ETC车载设备,通过基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备的DSRC-XXCJ信号的覆盖区域,被连续发射的所述DSRC-XXCJ信号唤醒,与基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备发生信息交互过程;这个交互过程包括通信链路链接、通信交易和通信链路的释放;所述DSRC-XXCJ信号采用全双工通信;其中基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备从ETC车载设备上获取唯一标识车辆的OBUID,并将该OBUID及交互时间上传至后台管理中心;后台管理中心由上传数据分析出当前路段的交通流量及拥堵程度。A method for realizing traffic state collection based on ETC equipment. A plurality of DSRC-based traffic information collection equipment is reasonably arranged along the expressway, and the ETC vehicle-mounted equipment is used to pass the DSRC-XXCJ signal of the DSRC-based traffic information collection equipment. The coverage area is awakened by the continuous emission of the DSRC-XXCJ signal, and an information interaction process occurs with the DSRC-based traffic information collection device; this interaction process includes communication link links, communication transactions, and communication link releases; the DSRC- The XXCJ signal adopts full-duplex communication; the DSRC-based traffic information collection equipment obtains the OBUID that uniquely identifies the vehicle from the ETC vehicle-mounted equipment, and uploads the OBUID and the interaction time to the background management center; the background management center analyzes the current situation based on the uploaded data. The traffic flow and congestion level of the road section.
所述DSRC-XXCJ信号同时可在多个频点间跳频;了保持多个车载单元的同时接入,基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备轮流在两个频点发送BST信号。The DSRC-XXCJ signal can hop between multiple frequency points at the same time; in order to maintain the simultaneous access of multiple vehicle-mounted units, the DSRC-based traffic information collection equipment sends BST signals at two frequency points in turn.
所述DSRC-XXCJ信号同时支持两种接口,一个是有线的网口,一个是无线模块,采用有线或无线的方式上传信息至后台管理中心;在使用中,所述有线或无线链路传输数据,互相可以随时切换到另外一条链路。The DSRC-XXCJ signal supports two interfaces at the same time, one is a wired network port, and the other is a wireless module, which uploads information to the background management center in a wired or wireless manner; in use, the wired or wireless link transmits data , each other can switch to another link at any time.
所述的拥堵度包括:根据路段行程时间、路段平均行程车速、车辆行程速度和高速公路拥挤程度实时判别。The congestion degree includes: real-time judgment according to road segment travel time, road segment average travel speed, vehicle travel speed and expressway congestion degree.
本发明的优点是使用ETC车载终端作为信息采集源,来实现交通流量统计、交通拥堵程度分析等服务,为交通状态采集提供新的技术手段;使有限的投入能充分发挥出更大社会效益,有效地提升ETC系统运营效率。The invention has the advantage of using the ETC vehicle-mounted terminal as an information collection source to realize services such as traffic flow statistics and traffic congestion degree analysis, and provide new technical means for traffic state collection; so that limited investment can fully exert greater social benefits, Effectively improve the operational efficiency of the ETC system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的基于DSRC传感装备的公路交通信息采集系统示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the highway traffic information collection system based on DSRC sensing equipment of the present invention.
图2是本发明的车载单元与路测单元的系统框图。Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of the vehicle-mounted unit and the drive test unit of the present invention.
图3是本发明的路测单元与后台管理中心的应用服务器的系统框图。Fig. 3 is a system block diagram of the drive test unit and the application server of the background management center in the present invention.
图4是本发明的计算模型的示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the computational model of the present invention.
具体是实施方式Specifically the implementation
本发明的系统描述参见图1,在高速公路沿线合理布设基于DSRC的交通信息采集设备(DSRC-XXCJ),称路测设备。车辆装载ETC车载设备(ETC-OBU)通过DSRC-XXCJ信号的覆盖区域,被微波信号唤醒,与DSRC-XXCJ设备发生信息交互过程。这个交互过程包括通信链路链接、通信交易、通信链路的释放。DSRC-XXCJ设备从车载设备上获取唯一标识车辆的OBUID,并将该OBUID及交互时间上传至管理中心。管理中心由上传数据分析出当前路段的交通流量及拥堵程度。Referring to Fig. 1 for the system description of the present invention, the traffic information collection equipment (DSRC-XXCJ) based on DSRC is rationally arranged along the expressway, which is called road test equipment. The vehicle-mounted ETC on-board equipment (ETC-OBU) passes through the coverage area of the DSRC-XXCJ signal, is awakened by the microwave signal, and undergoes an information exchange process with the DSRC-XXCJ equipment. This interactive process includes communication link connection, communication transaction, and communication link release. The DSRC-XXCJ equipment obtains the OBUID that uniquely identifies the vehicle from the on-board equipment, and uploads the OBUID and the interaction time to the management center. The management center analyzes the traffic flow and congestion level of the current road section from the uploaded data.
整个采集系统由交通信息采集设备(DSRC-XXCJ)、ETC车载设备(ETC-OBU)、后台管理中心组成。The whole collection system is composed of traffic information collection equipment (DSRC-XXCJ), ETC on-board equipment (ETC-OBU), and background management center.
参见图2、3,其中,ETC-OBU为ETC系统中的车载设备,保持不变。DSRC-XXCJ采用全双工通信,同时可发送5.8GHz和5.79GHz两个频点。DSRC-XXCJ同时支持两种接口,一个是有线的网口,一个是无线模块,可采用有线或无线的方式上传信息至后台管理中心。See Figures 2 and 3, where the ETC-OBU is the on-board equipment in the ETC system and remains unchanged. DSRC-XXCJ adopts full-duplex communication and can transmit two frequency points of 5.8GHz and 5.79GHz at the same time. DSRC-XXCJ supports two interfaces at the same time, one is a wired network port and the other is a wireless module, which can upload information to the background management center in a wired or wireless way.
信息采集应用执行过程Information collection application execution process
1、路上DSRC-XXCJ设备按照ETC应用协议通过DSRC轮流在两个频点5.8GHz和5.79GHz不停地向路上发送BST信息。BST信息的编码格式如表1所示。1. The DSRC-XXCJ equipment on the road continuously sends BST information to the road at two frequency points 5.8GHz and 5.79GHz in turn through DSRC according to the ETC application protocol. The encoding format of BST information is shown in Table 1.
2、ETC-OBU进入DSRC-XXCJ设备的DSRC通信区域时被唤醒,接收BST信息,并按照ETC应用协议向DSRC-XXCJ设备发送VST信息。VST信息的编码格式如表2所示。2. ETC-OBU wakes up when it enters the DSRC communication area of DSRC-XXCJ equipment, receives BST information, and sends VST information to DSRC-XXCJ equipment according to the ETC application protocol. The encoding format of VST information is shown in Table 2.
3、DSRC-XXCJ设备从VST中提取ETC-OBU的OBUID。3. The DSRC-XXCJ device extracts the OBUID of the ETC-OBU from the VST.
4、DSRC-XXCJ设备定时(时间间隔可设置)组织信息,向管理中心提交该时段过往ETC-OBU的OBUID包,且每个OBUID后都附带信息获取时的时间戳。4. The DSRC-XXCJ equipment regularly organizes information (the time interval can be set), and submits the OBUID packets of past ETC-OBUs during this period to the management center, and each OBUID is followed by a time stamp when the information was obtained.
DSRC-XXCJ与管理中心之间的信息包格式:The format of the information packet between DSRC-XXCJ and the management center:
①起始码:2字节,CCH CCH;①Start code: 2 bytes, CCH CCH;
②数据包:定长,格式为:②Data packet: fixed length, the format is:
③校验码:2字节,CRC校验,校验多项式为X16+X12+X5+1,使用的初始值为FFFFH;③Check code: 2 bytes, CRC check, the check polynomial is X 16 +X 12 +X 5 +1, the initial value used is FFFFH;
④结束码:2字节,B3H B3H。④End code: 2 bytes, B3H B3H.
1、管理中心定时(可配置)对多个DSRC-XXCJ设备上传的信息包进行处理,依据DSRC-XXCJ设备的ID来判断交通信息采集点的位置/路段,及上下行方向;并通过OBUID的关联关系判定某路段上行(或下行)方向的拥堵程度、流量等交通状态。1. The management center regularly (configurable) processes the information packets uploaded by multiple DSRC-XXCJ devices, and judges the location/road section of the traffic information collection point, and the uplink and downlink direction according to the ID of the DSRC-XXCJ device; and through the OBUID The association relationship determines the traffic status such as the congestion degree and flow in the uplink (or downlink) direction of a road section.
交通状态判定方法Judgment method of traffic status
(1)路段行程时间:(1) Road section travel time:
计算模型如图4:The calculation model is shown in Figure 4:
行程时间为:Ti=TBi-TAi The travel time is: T i =T Bi -T Ai
单车平均行程速度为: The average travel speed of a bicycle is:
设在分析周期(如10分钟)内,经过该路段的ETC车辆数为N,则区间(空间)平均行程时间为: Assuming that within the analysis period (such as 10 minutes), the number of ETC vehicles passing through this road section is N, the average travel time of the interval (space) is:
式中:D为试验路段的距离;In the formula: D is the distance of the test section;
A,B分别表示车辆驶入点和驶出点;A and B represent the entry point and exit point of the vehicle respectively;
I表示分析周期内驶入的ETC车辆OBU_ID所对应的编号;I represents the number corresponding to the OBU_ID of the ETC vehicle that enters the analysis period;
Ti为编号为i的车辆经过驶入点和驶出点断面的时间差;T i is the time difference between the entry point and the exit point section of the vehicle numbered i;
N表示试验时间段经过试验路段的总车辆数。N represents the total number of vehicles passing through the test section during the test period.
(2)路段平均行程车速:(2) The average travel speed of the road section:
某时段内路段平均行程车速的计算模型如下:The calculation model of the average travel speed of the road section in a certain period of time is as follows:
路段平均行程速度为:
式中:D为试验路段的距离;In the formula: D is the distance of the test section;
I表示分析周期内驶入的ETC车辆OBU_ID所对应的编号;I represents the number corresponding to the OBU_ID of the ETC vehicle that enters the analysis period;
Ti为编号为i的车辆经过驶入点和驶出点断面的时间差;T i is the time difference between the entry point and the exit point section of the vehicle numbered i;
N表示试验时间段经过试验路段的总车辆数。N represents the total number of vehicles passing through the test section during the test period.
(3)车辆行程速度:车辆经过某路段的平均行程速度计算模型如下:(3) Vehicle travel speed: The calculation model of the average travel speed of a vehicle passing through a road section is as follows:
式中:D为试验路段的距离;In the formula: D is the distance of the test section;
I表示分析周期内驶入的DSRC浮动车OBU_ID所对应的编号;I represents the serial number corresponding to the OBU_ID of the DSRC floating vehicle entering within the analysis period;
Ti为编号为i的车辆经过驶入点和驶出点断面的时间差;T i is the time difference between the entry point and the exit point section of the vehicle numbered i;
(4)高速公路拥挤程度实时判别:路段拥挤度描述路网内交通流的拥挤程度,是反映路网运行状态的重要指标。路段时间平均速度(路段平均行程车速)越高,表示拥挤程度越低。(4) Real-time judgment of expressway congestion degree: road section congestion degree describes the congestion degree of traffic flow in the road network, and is an important indicator reflecting the operation status of the road network. The higher the time average speed of the road section (the average travel speed of the road section), the lower the degree of congestion.
路段拥挤度等级划分标准如表3。Table 3 shows the road segment congestion grade classification standard.
本发明的具体改进如下:Concrete improvement of the present invention is as follows:
(1)路侧单元支持全双工通信,DSRC-XXCJ连续发BST,提高唤醒成功率,降低唤醒时间。(1) The RSU supports full-duplex communication, and DSRC-XXCJ sends BST continuously to improve the wake-up success rate and reduce the wake-up time.
现有的ETC协议采用的是半双工通信,路侧单元发BST后需一般等待30ms,一般需要2~3个左右的唤醒周期,在高速公路车速较快如120km/H的情况下,考虑路侧单元与车载单元有效通信距离为10m,其有效通信时间只有300ms,唤醒车载设备的时间占到了三分之一左右的时间。在全双工模式下,由于收发分离,可以规定连续发BST信号,这样可将唤醒时间降低至20ms以内,有效提高车载单元的唤醒成功率。The existing ETC protocol uses half-duplex communication. After the roadside unit sends BST, it generally needs to wait for 30ms, and generally needs about 2 to 3 wake-up cycles. The effective communication distance between the roadside unit and the vehicle-mounted unit is 10m, and the effective communication time is only 300ms, and the time to wake up the vehicle-mounted equipment accounts for about one-third of the time. In full-duplex mode, due to the separation of sending and receiving, BST signals can be sent continuously, which can reduce the wake-up time to less than 20ms, and effectively improve the wake-up success rate of the vehicle unit.
支持多车载单元同时接入,提高采样率。现有ETC国标定义了车载单元两个发送频点,5.79和5.80,在路侧单元支持全双工通信后,路侧单元可以轮流在两个频点发送BST信号,这样可以保持两个车载单元的同时接入。路侧单元接收部分采用宽带接入后再以数字解码的方式分离出两个通道的信号。考虑现有的ETC车载单元只支持两个通道频点,不改变车载单元设备的情况下,采样率也可至少提高一倍。Support simultaneous access of multiple vehicle units to increase the sampling rate. The existing ETC national standard defines two transmission frequencies for vehicle-mounted units, 5.79 and 5.80. After the roadside unit supports full-duplex communication, the roadside unit can send BST signals at the two frequency points in turn, so that two vehicle-mounted units can be kept simultaneous access. The receiving part of the road side unit adopts broadband access and then separates the signals of two channels by means of digital decoding. Considering that the existing ETC vehicle-mounted unit only supports two channel frequency points, the sampling rate can be at least doubled without changing the equipment of the vehicle-mounted unit.
(2)路侧单元支持有线、无线双通道通信(2) Roadside unit supports wired and wireless dual-channel communication
可以有效提高通信的可靠性,考虑到正在使用中的有线或无线链路传输数据过程中可能意外故障,此时需要考虑链路倒换,切换到另外一条链路时能够继续传输数据。It can effectively improve the reliability of communication. Considering that the wired or wireless link in use may fail unexpectedly during data transmission, link switching needs to be considered at this time, and data can continue to be transmitted when switching to another link.
根据业务类型自适应带宽典型的,例如应用层与路侧单元之间需要实时传送大数据量,此时如果两者之间采用的是无线通信方式,双方要能协商切换到高带宽的有线网络。Adaptive bandwidth based on business type is typical, for example, real-time transmission of large amount of data is required between the application layer and the roadside unit. At this time, if the wireless communication method is used between the two, the two parties must be able to negotiate and switch to a high-bandwidth wired network .
表1 BST示例Table 1 BST example
表.2 VST示例Table.2 VST example
表.3table 3
注:当速度为0并且断面交通量也为0时,路段为畅通状态。Note: When the speed is 0 and the cross-section traffic volume is also 0, the road section is in a smooth state.
国省干线公路路段拥挤度等级划分标准Criteria for Classification of Congestion Levels of National and Provincial Arterial Highway Sections
注:当速度为0并且断面交通量也为0时,路段为畅通状态。Note: When the speed is 0 and the cross-section traffic volume is also 0, the road section is in a smooth state.
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CN102272809B (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2014-10-08 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Vehicle short-range wireless communication device and road-to-vehicle short-range wireless communication system |
CN101923779B (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2014-08-20 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Sensor network-based intelligent public traffic scheduling and monitoring system |
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