CN103193324A - Purification method of aquaculture sewage and ecological floating bed based on method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for purifying aquaculture sewage, which is characterized in that: in the drainage channel of aquaculture sewage, a group of ecological floating beds are sequentially arranged along the drainage channel, the width of the ecological floating bed is smaller than the width of the drainage channel, and the depth is between Between 90%-100% of the water depth of the drainage channel; the ecological floating bed includes a surface purification area, a middle purification area, and a bottom purification area, and the surroundings of the surface purification area and the bottom purification layer are closed with materials with water holes The surface purification area is separated from the middle purification area, and emergent plants are planted in it, and biological fillers are provided, and the outer diameter of the biological filler particles is greater than the inner diameter of the water hole; the middle purification area is surrounded by fishing nets, The bottom is separated from the bottom purification area by fishing nets, and filter-feeding fish are cultivated in the middle purification area; the bottom bottom purification area is closed and provided with ceramsite, the outer diameter of the ceramsite is greater than the inner diameter of the water hole, and The ceramsite is used as a medium for planting submerged plants.

Description

A purification method for aquaculture sewage and an ecological floating bed based on the method

technical field

The invention relates to a method for purifying aquaculture sewage and an ecological floating bed based on the method, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture.

Background technique

To ensure the quality of aquatic products, we must start from the source of production - the breeding waters. With the development of the economy, the ecological environment of the water area has been seriously damaged. According to data, more than 70% of the lakes in our country are polluted to varying degrees, about 1/3 of the lakes are eutrophic, and more than 3,000 kilometers of rivers Segment fish and shrimp are basically extinct. Facing the serious situation of deteriorating fishery ecological environment, in addition to environmental protection and other departments to strengthen law enforcement and reduce various land-based pollution, marine and fishery departments should first take various effective measures to minimize the damage caused to aquaculture itself. pollute.

The capacity of the breeding waters is limited. Due to the blind expansion of the breeding scale, the ecological balance of the waters is destroyed, resulting in reduced yields, aggravated diseases, and reduced quality.

At present, the sewage from aquaculture farms and nursery farms in my country is basically discharged directly without treatment. In addition, there are a large number of farms in many places and the distance is close. The water inlets and outlets between farms are often close at hand. The quality of water for living and production cannot be guaranteed.

Part of the river pollution comes from aquaculture sewage discharge. At the same time, traditional aquaculture consumes a lot of water resources. In order to control and improve the water quality of the river, the present invention proposes a technical solution for purifying the sewage discharge channel flowing from the aquaculture pond into the river. .

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the sewage of aquaculture farms and nursery farms has not been effectively treated, and even directly discharged, in addition, the number of farms in many places is large and the distance is short, and the water inlets and drains between the farms It is often close at hand, and the quality of water for living and production cannot be guaranteed at all; the existing farming method consumes a lot of water resources, resulting in a waste of water resources.

The present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A method for purifying aquaculture sewage. In the drainage channel of aquaculture sewage, a group of ecological floating beds are sequentially arranged along the drainage channel. The width of the ecological floating bed is smaller than the width of the drainage channel, and the depth is between 90% of the water depth of the drainage channel. Between -100%; Described ecological floating bed comprises surface layer purification area 2, middle layer purification area 5, bottom layer purification area 4, and the surroundings of described surface layer purification area 2 and bottom layer purification layer 4 are sealed with the material that has water hole 3; The surface layer purification zone 2 is separated from the middle layer purification zone 5, in which emergent plants 201 are planted, and a biological filler 202 is provided, and the outer diameter of the biological filler 202 particles is greater than the inner diameter of the water hole 3; the middle layer purification zone 5 Surrounded by fishing nets, the bottom is separated from the bottom purification area 4 by fishing nets, and filter-feeding fish 501 are cultured in the middle purification area 5; The diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the water hole 3, and the submerged plants 401 are planted with the ceramsite 402 as the medium.

The distance between each ecological floating bed is 3-5 times of the length of the ecological floating bed.

The width of the ecological floating bed is 2/3 of the water surface width of the drainage channel.

The ecological floating bed is fixedly connected to the bank of the drainage channel.

The height ratio of the surface purification zone 2, the middle purification zone 5, and the bottom purification zone 4 is about 2:3:1.

The material with the water hole 3 is an acrylic plate.

The fishing net is polyethylene mesh.

The density of the filter-feeding fish 501 is not more than 0.4kg/cubic water body.

The ecological floating bed has a rectangular structure, and a floating frame 1 is arranged on the upper part, and its aspect ratio is 2:1-4:1.

The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art, and to invent a treatment device for purifying water and a method for using it in the subsidiary sewage discharge channels of standardized aquaculture ponds. A box-type biological floating bed can be used for different water layers.

The working principle of the present invention: the aquaculture wastewater is discharged through drainage channels, and when flowing through the biological floating bed of the present invention, the surface layer purification zone 2 passes through the biological fillers, emergent plants, etc. in the aquaculture wastewater, which can remove negative elements such as ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in the aquaculture wastewater , and transform it into growth elements for plants to absorb; the middle layer purification zone 5 can filter suspended matter through the filter-feeding fish 501 in it, and at the same time, through the submerged plants 401 growing upward from the bottom layer, a certain amount of dissolved oxygen can be recovered , in order to prevent filter-feeding fish 501 self-excretion from polluting the water body, the quantity of filter-feeding fish 501 should not be too dense, preferably less than 0.4kg/m3 water body; Bottom purification zone 4 is provided with ceramsite 402, helps rich Breakdown of nutrients. After three layers of different targeted purification, the sewage can meet the requirements of environmental protection discharge or recycling.

The test results show that placing the ecological floating bed in the drainage channel to purify the sewage discharged from aquaculture has obvious effects. Set the inlet of the drainage channel (the outlet of pond wastewater discharge) and the outlet as sampling points, and collect water samples from two points once a week for water quality analysis for 2 consecutive months. Among them, the average removal rate of total nitrogen reaches 21%; the average removal rate of total phosphorus reaches 8%; the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reaches 17%; the average removal rate of nitrite nitrogen reaches 11%.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) The cost of the ecological floating bed is low, the investment is small, the purification effect of the breeding wastewater is obvious, and the cost performance is very high.

2) Avoid the direct discharge of breeding wastewater, and improve the quality of water for living and production near the farm.

3) It enables the recycling of aquaculture wastewater, which greatly saves water resources.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic top view of an ecological floating bed.

Figure 2 is a schematic elevation view of the ecological floating bed.

Fig. 3 is a schematic elevation sectional view of the ecological floating bed.

Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the aquaculture wastewater drainage channel and the ecological floating bed inside.

Among them, 1. Floating frame, 2. Surface purification area, 3. Water holes, 4. Bottom purification area, 5. Middle purification area, 201. Emerging plants, 202. Biological filter material, 401. Submerged plants, 402, ceramsite, 501, filter-feeding fish.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Referring to Fig. 4, a group of ecological floating beds is set in the drainage channel of the aquaculture wastewater, and the distance between each ecological floating bed is 3-5 times of the length of the ecological floating beds. The width of the ecological floating bed is 2/3 of the width of the water surface of the drainage channel; the depth of the floating bed is more than 90% of the depth of the water body in the drainage ditch.

Referring to Figure 2, the underwater part is composed of three functional areas, and the depth ratio is about 20cm:60cm:10cm. Both the surface layer and the bottom layer are an acrylic box, and several water holes 3 are drilled on the four sides of the box to ensure the unimpeded flow of water; the middle is surrounded by polyethylene mesh.

Biofiller 202 is placed in the box in the surface purification area. The type of biofiller 202 is generally three-dimensional elastic seasoning, and some emergent plants or floating plants can be planted inside, such as iris, water hyacinth, water hyacinth, etc.; Put some filter-feeding fish in the polyethylene net, such as silver carp, with a density not exceeding 0.4kg/cubic water body; place ceramsite in the bottom purification area box as a substrate, and plant submerged plants on it, such as Elodea.

Referring to Fig. 2-3, the water in the surface purification zone 2 enters the box through the water hole 3, absorbs ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. through the adsorption of the biological filler 201 and the root system of the emergent plant 201, and then flows out from the water hole 3; the emergent plant 201 absorbs surface water pollution elements and converts them into growth elements, which can produce additional aesthetic value and economic benefits, and have a certain auxiliary effect on the improvement of the regional environment.

Referring to Fig. 2-Fig. 3, when the water flow in the middle purification zone 5 passes through the net, the filter-feeding fish stocked in the net can regulate the suspended particles and excess plankton in the water through their feeding habits;

Referring to Figures 2-3, the stems and leaves of the submerged plants planted in the bottom purification zone 4 release oxygen through photosynthesis in the middle purification zone 5 to restore the dissolved oxygen content in the water. The water in the bottom purification zone 4 passes through the water hole 3 on the outside of the box, and when it passes through the ceramsite matrix, nitrification and denitrification reactions can occur to remove ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, and help to decompose the deposition of organic nutrients in the bottom of the water .

The test results show that the ecological floating bed of the present invention is placed in the drainage channel of the breeding wastewater to purify the wastewater discharged from the farming, which has obvious effects. Set the inlet of the drainage channel (the outlet of pond wastewater discharge) and the outlet as sampling points, and collect water samples from two points once a week for water quality analysis for 2 consecutive months. Among them, the average removal rate of total nitrogen reaches 21%; the average removal rate of total phosphorus reaches 8%; the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reaches 17%; the average removal rate of nitrite nitrogen reaches 11%.

Claims (9)

1. A purification method for aquaculture sewage, characterized in that: In the drainage channel of aquaculture sewage, a group of ecological floating beds are arranged sequentially along the drainage channel, the width of the ecological floating bed is smaller than the width of the drainage channel, and the depth is between 90%-100% of the water depth of the drainage channel; The ecological floating bed includes a surface purification area (2), a middle purification area (5), and a bottom purification area (4). The surface purification area (2) and the bottom purification layer (4) are surrounded by water holes ( 3) material closure; The surface purification area (2) is separated from the middle purification area (5), in which emergent plants (201) are planted, and biological fillers (202) are provided, and the outer diameter of the particles of the biological fillers (202) is larger than that of the filter. inner diameter of the water hole (3); The middle purification area (5) is surrounded by fishing nets, and the lower part is separated from the bottom purification area (4) by fishing nets, and filter-feeding fish (501) are cultivated in the middle purification area (5); The bottom purification area (4) is closed below, with ceramsite (402), the outer diameter of the ceramsite (402) is larger than the inner diameter of the water hole (3), and the ceramsite (402) is used as the medium Plant submerged plants (401). 2. The purification method of aquaculture sewage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between each ecological floating bed is 3-5 times of the length of the ecological floating bed. 3. The purification method of aquaculture sewage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the ecological floating bed is 2/3 of the water surface width of the drainage channel. 4. The purification method of aquaculture sewage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ecological floating bed is fixedly connected to the bank of the drainage channel. 5. The purification method of aquaculture sewage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the surface purification zone (2), the middle purification zone (5), and the height ratio of the bottom purification zone (4) are about 2:3: 1. 6. The method for purifying aquaculture sewage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material with the water holes (3) is an acrylic plate. 7. The purification method of aquaculture sewage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: said fishing net is a polyethylene mesh. 8. The method for purifying aquaculture sewage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the density of the filter-feeding fish (501) does not exceed 0.4kg/cubic water body. 9. An ecological floating bed based on the purification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ecological floating bed has a rectangular structure, and the upper part is provided with a floating frame (1), and its aspect ratio is 2:1-4 :1.

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