CN1031713C - 9-嘌呤基膦酸衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents
9-嘌呤基膦酸衍生物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1031713C CN1031713C CN91104477A CN91104477A CN1031713C CN 1031713 C CN1031713 C CN 1031713C CN 91104477 A CN91104477 A CN 91104477A CN 91104477 A CN91104477 A CN 91104477A CN 1031713 C CN1031713 C CN 1031713C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- methyl
- dihydro
- amino
- purine
- Prior art date
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- KVRVLSICJKOUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N purin-9-ylphosphonic acid Chemical class N1=CN=C2N(P(O)(=O)O)C=NC2=C1 KVRVLSICJKOUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 80
- -1 2-((2-amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9H-purine-9-yl)-methyl)-phenoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Chloro-1H-purine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003784 fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- KKSPTWLSLZEDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[(2-amino-6-oxo-3h-purin-9-yl)methyl]phenyl]ethynylphosphonic acid Chemical class C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1C#CP(O)(O)=O KKSPTWLSLZEDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JGLMVXWAHNTPRF-CMDGGOBGSA-N CCN1N=C(C)C=C1C(=O)NC1=NC2=CC(=CC(OC)=C2N1C\C=C\CN1C(NC(=O)C2=CC(C)=NN2CC)=NC2=CC(=CC(OCCCN3CCOCC3)=C12)C(N)=O)C(N)=O Chemical compound CCN1N=C(C)C=C1C(=O)NC1=NC2=CC(=CC(OC)=C2N1C\C=C\CN1C(NC(=O)C2=CC(C)=NN2CC)=NC2=CC(=CC(OCCCN3CCOCC3)=C12)C(N)=O)C(N)=O JGLMVXWAHNTPRF-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GFMYEVPBEJFZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CP(O)(O)O Chemical compound CP(O)(O)O GFMYEVPBEJFZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005816 fluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003904 antiprotozoal agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000063 antileukemic agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000784 purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 35
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 25
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 102000030764 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase Human genes 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 101710101148 Probable 6-oxopurine nucleoside phosphorylase Proteins 0.000 description 21
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- CSJLBAMHHLJAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaminosulfur trifluoride Chemical compound CCN(CC)S(F)(F)F CSJLBAMHHLJAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Br IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical class C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- RYYIULNRIVUMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloroguanine Chemical compound NC1=NC(Cl)=C2N=CNC2=N1 RYYIULNRIVUMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical class [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004545 purin-9-yl group Chemical group N1=CN=C2N(C=NC2=C1)* 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-methyl phenol Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明涉及新型嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制剂、它们的制备方法及其中间物,以及它们作为免疫抑制剂、抗淋巴病剂、抗白血病剂、抗病毒剂和抗原生动物剂的应用。
Description
本发明涉及新型嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制剂、它们的制备方法及其中间产物,以及它们作为免疫抑制剂、抗淋巴瘤剂、抗白血病剂、抗病毒剂和抗原生动物剂的应用。
在正常体内条件下,嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP)催化鸟嘌呤和次黄嘌呤的核糖核苷和脱氧核糖核苷进行磷酸裂解,转变为相应的磷酸糖和鸟嘌岭或次黄嘌岭。缺乏PNP时,尿酸浓度极低,而血浆中和尿中PNP的某些核苷底物(如dGuo)的浓度升高。dGuo对成淋巴细胞具有毒性,而T-细胞所受的影响要比B-细胞大得多。事实上,在遗传学上获得性PNP缺陷型病人中,B-细胞免疫球蛋白的产生是正常的,甚至是升高的,但其中的白细胞则减少,并且T-淋巴细胞的功能要么完全丧失要么严重受抑制。不受控制的PNP缺陷显然是不希望的,但在某些情况下,非常需要免疫系统有控制的抑制,尤其是T-细胞有控制的抑制,例如在T-细胞白血病的治疗中、在器官移植受者中宿主对移植物反应的抑制以及痛风病的治疗均是如此。本申请人已发现一类9-嘌呤基膦酸衍生物,它们是PNP有效的抑制剂,因而可用作免疫抑制剂。
更具体地说,本发明涉及式(I)新型嘌呤基膦酸衍生物、其互变异构体以及其可药用的盐,其中R为Ar为桥连部分,其相邻的CH2与一个环碳原子相连接,Z与R9-取代的苯基、噻吩或呋喃基的第二个环碳原子相连接,Z为亚类(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)或(e),其中(a)为
(b)为
(c)为
(d)为-C≡C-,(e)
条件是当Z为亚类(b)时,那么Ar不为呋喃或噻吩基,n为1-5的整数或0,
R1为-OH或-SH,
R2为H或-NH2,
R3为H、-NH2、-OH或-NH-NH2,
R4为H,
R4′为H、OH或F,或R4和R4′与它们相连的碳原子一起形成一酮基,
R5为C1~6烷基或R5′,
R6为C1~6烷基或R6′,同时R5′与R6′为H,
R7和R8各自为H、F或C1~4烷基,
R9为H、Cl、Br、C1~4烷基、C1~6烷氧基、OH、NH2、或CH3,条件是当Ar为呋喃或噻吩时R9不为OH或NH2,
X和Y为H、F或Cl,条件是当n为0时X和Y均为H。
这里所用的术语C1~4或C1~6烷基包括分别含有直至4个或6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和的低级脂族烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、仲丁基、正丁基、叔丁基、戊基等;C1~6烷氧基为其醚衍生物。桥连其相邻CH2和Z的“Ar”部分为R9-取代的苯基、呋喃或噻吩基,其中苯基在其1,2-、1,3-或1,4-位被桥连,呋喃和噻吩各自则可通过2,3-、2,4-,2,5或3,4-位环碳原子桥连;R9-取代可以是在任何其它合适的环碳原子上发生的单取代或双取代。嘌呤核的6-位可存在烯醇-酮互变异构形式。
术语“可药用的酸加成盐”指式I碱基化合物的任何无毒的有机酸加成盐或无机酸加成盐。形式合适盐的无机酸的例子有盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸和磷酸以及酸性金属盐(如正磷酸-氢钠和硫酸氢钾)。形成合适盐的有机酸的例子有一、二和三羧酸,例如乙酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒名酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯甲酸、羟基苯甲酸、苯基乙酸、肉桂酸、水杨酸以及2-苯氧基苯甲酸。形成合适盐的其它有机酸有磺酸(如甲磺酸和2-羟基乙磺酸)。所形成的盐可以是一酸式盐,也可以是二酸式盐,可以是水合物也可以是基本上无水的形式。可按一般的方法制备酸式盐:如将游离碱溶于水溶液、水-醇溶液或含有合适酸的其它合适溶剂中并通过蒸发该溶液而加以分离,或者在有机溶剂中使游离碱反应,在这种情况下生成的盐可直接分离出或通过浓缩溶液而得到。一般来说,本发明化合物的酸加成盐为可溶于水和各种亲水性有机溶剂的结晶物质,并且与其游离碱相比具有更高的熔点和稳定性。
通常可通过缩合反应制备式I化合物,其中使6-氯嘌呤(2)与活化的(-CH2Ar-Z)取代的膦酸酯(3)反应,然后将生成的Ia中间物转变为合适的R、R1、R2、R3-取代的嘌呤衍生物(式I)。以下反应流程列出了总的缩合反应。其中R1、R2、R3、Ar、Z、R5和R6的定义同前,不同的是当Z为亚类(a)时出现的R4′也可以是甲硅烷基醚,且Q为溴、碘或羟基。
当需要进行6-氯嘌呤中间物(2)与膦芳基(其中Q为卤化物)之间的缩合反应时,通常在0-60℃(优选室温)于氢化钠(NaH)、碳酸钾(K2CO3)或氟化铯(CsF)(约2当量)等碱存在的情况下,将轻微过量(约10%)的6-氯嘌呤反应物(2)于二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等非反应性溶剂中缩合约4-18小时。
当Q为OH时,是在更加中性并按照Mitsunobu型反应,在P(R′)3(其中R′最好为苯基,但包括甲基和异丙基)存在下,使用偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD)进行缩合,并且缩合反应在0-60℃于合适的非反应性溶剂中进行。
当然,在上述反应中如果Ar部分带有的R9取代基受上述缩合反应的反应条件影响(或改变了嘌呤碱),则可对这些取代基进行修饰以避免任何不希望有的付反应发生,并在合适的步骤中将它们恢复到所需形式。例如,如果R9是OH,则可形成中间体酯或醚衍生物,并在适当的步骤中通过水解将这些酯或醚恢复为醇。这些原理是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的,因此在这里没必要详细说明。
在式(3)中的R4、R4′、X和Y均为氢原子这一特殊情形下,最好将式(4)膦酰芳基的溴甲基衍生物与嘌呤(2)缩合,并按照一般方法,最好在钯炭存在的情况下用氢气(H2-Pd/C)将所得产物氢化。
当需要制备式Ia化合物(其中R4为H,R4′为OH,或R4与R4′一起形成如上所述的酮基时,应用甲硅烷基醚(优选叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚)保护膦酰卤的羟基部分,即(其中
+代表叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚),并在缩合(如前所述)之后通过酸水解脱去甲硅烷基保护基,如果所产生的醇需要被氧化,可以应用Swern氧化反应将醇氧化为所需的酮。实际上最好先形成甲硅烷基醚,然后活化式3的反应物(如下所述)。
可以用本技术领域熟知的方法制备式3“Q-活化的”反应物,最好在用卤素或羟基进行活化之前应用其中羟基(若有的话)受保护的中间体。
最好在催化量的过氧苯甲酰存在的情况下使用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)或其它合适的N-溴代酰胺进行溴化反应,并且该反应最好在四氯化碳溶剂中进行。其中Q为OH的式3反应物可直接由(6)通过与CeAmNO3(硝酸铯铵)反应制得,或者通过将苄基溴(7)转变为其乙酸酯,然后再用催化量的甲醇钠的甲醇溶液水解该乙酸酯而制得,该反应使用的是本领域所熟知的普通方法。其中Ar、Z、R5和R6的定义同前,不同的是R4′为甲硅烷基醚(而不是OH),R9为被保护的羟基而不是OH(若合适的话)。
一旦6-氯嘌呤碱(2)进行缩合反应产生式Ia化合物,就可按分步方式在8,6-和/或2-位进行改变,产生所需R1、R2和R3的式I。
为了制备其中R5和R6均为H、R1为OH的式I化合物,将Ia相应的膦酸二酯(即R5和R6均为烷基)于90℃依次与溴化三甲基甲硅烷(TMSBr)的CH2CCl2溶液、水的乙腈溶液反应,最后在HCl(1N)中进行反应。为了制备一酯(R5为H,R6为烷基,R1为OH),直接将Ia化合物于90℃用HCl/H2O进行水解。
为了制备其中R1为SH的式I化合物,将式Ia化合物与硫脲于乙酸中进行反应。所得6-SH产物用TMSBr处理和水解而脱醚后,得到其中R1为SH且R5和R6为H的化合物。
为了制备其中R1为SH、R2和R3同定义(式I)且R4′为H或甲硅烷基醚(-O-SiMe3)的式I化合物,将相应的6-OH类似物与二聚五硫化二磷反应。所得化合物(其中R4′为甲硅烷基醚)可被转变为其醇,并根据需要用这里所述的方法将该醇氧化成其酮类似物。用溴水、N-溴或N-碘酰亚胺(如1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基-乙内酰脲、1,3-二碘-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲、N-碘乙酰胺等,优选NBS或NIS,最优选的是N-溴乙酰胺(NBA))等溴化剂或碘化剂进行卤化,可用同样的反应物(不同的是R3为H)制备其中R3为NH2或-NH-NH2的式I化合物。于合适的溶剂(如水、乙醚、THF、对二噁烷、低级链烷醇、乙二醇、氯化烃(CCl4、 CH2Cl2)、DMF、HMPA或DMSO)中,将所产生的8-卤类似物与肼在约50-100℃反应,最好(但不是必须)使用2-3倍过量的肼。用阮内镍还原肼可制得相应的8-NH2化合物。肼反应的8-卤类似物可用于制备其中R3为OH的化合物,其方法是将8-卤化合物与苄基醇的碱金属或碱土金属盐反应,接着在贵金属催化剂(如Pd/c)存在下并在大气压下用氢气还原该中间产物。
为了使与合成路线相关的概念具体化,以及为了更容易地说明其中R4为H、R4′为OH或R4和R4′形成所述酮基的(a)亚类化合物的另一合成途径,特给出以下图示。其中-Si+代表叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基,Ar、X、Y、Bu4NF、TMSBr的定义同前。
可按照本领域类似的普通方法和技术制备式6芳基膦酸酯;当然,合成的具体途径取决于Z的定义。
若需要制备其中Z为亚类(a)的式6中间物,即式(15)化合物(其中Ar、R4、R4′、X、Y、R5和R6的定义同式I),其具体的合成途径主要取决于R4、R4′、X和Y的具体定义。当R4和R4′为氢原子时,其合成方法用图解法表示如下:其中M为Li、Na、-ZnBr、MgBr(优选Li),X和Y为H、F或Cl。在该反应中,钾衍生物(17)是在约-78℃于惰性气流(氩气)下,将合适的膦酸酯与二异丙基胺锂(LDA)或丁基锂在无水溶剂(如THF)中反应而制得,然后将其与芳基溴(16)缩合10-20小时,并用饱和氯化铵(NH4Cl)水溶液处理该反应。其中M为-ZnBr的反应物(16和17)的缩合反应最好在催化量溴化铜存在下于20℃进行。Zn和Mg的溴化衍生物也可按一般方法制备。
于-78℃在氩气下,将醛(18)与锂衍生物(19)在THF中反应约3小时,然后在约-78℃~-30℃用饱和NH4Cl水溶液处理该反应,得到化合物(20)。在约0℃将化合物(20)与DAST(二乙氨基三氟化硫)在二氯甲烷中反应约15-25小时,并用过量甲醇处理该反应。用草酰氯于DMSO中进行Swern氧化反应,或者用过钌酸四丙基铵和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物也可将醇(20)氧化为其酮式。或者,通过化合物(19)(其中M为Li或-ZnBr)与下式化合物(其中X″为氯或烷氧基)反应直接形成酮:
在进行后一种反应以直接制备酮时,如果X和Y均为H原子,则优选X″为烷氧基(如果氧基),M为锂;如果X和Y均为F,则优选X″为氯,M为-ZnBr。
在R4为H、R4′为OH或R4与R4′形成所述的酮的情况下,如反应物(2)与(3)的缩合反应所述,最好使用化合物(20)的甲硅烷基醚(如叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基衍生物)。这些甲硅烷基衍生物是通过在咪唑存在下将化合物19与氯化叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷反应而制得的,并用NBS活化所得产物。在后一步骤中按前面所述,用氟化四丁基铵(Bu4NF)进行处理可选择性地脱去甲硅烷基保护基。
应当指出,当需要通过缩合反应制备其中Z为亚类(a)的Ia化合物(其中式3的Q为OH,R4、R4′、X和Y均为H)时,最好还原亚类(C)中间物,以得到通式3范围内的合适反应物。
若需要制备其中Z为亚类(b)的式6中间产物,即式(27)的化合物(其中Ar′不是呋喃或噻吩桥连部分),可采用与现有技术类似的一般方法进行制备。一般来说,可按以下反应路线制备该中间产物:其中R9′的定义同式I中R9的定义(不为OH),Q′为碘、溴、甲苯磺酸酯、甲磺酸酯或三氟甲磺酸酯离去基团,n为1-5的整数。缩合反应是在碱(如NaH、K2CO3或KH)存在下按本技术领域已知的方法在非水溶剂(如DMF、THF或TMSO中进行。在其中n为2这一具体条件下,将甲酚(即邻、间或对甲酚)与碳酸亚乙酯在KF存在下进行反应,得到苯甲酸基乙基-1-醇醚,然后在碱存在下于三苯膦(Pφ3)的苯溶液中,通过与溴反应将其转变为其1-溴衍生物,得到苯甲酸基乙基溴,按一般方法将其与式(17)锂衍生物反应,得到其中n为2的化合物(30a)。
当然,当n为O且X和Y均为H时,最好利用其中Q为甲苯磺酸酯(化合物29)的方法,用存在于DMF中的NaH作为碱。
该反应于-78℃在THF中进行,冷却前将该混合物温热至约20℃,然后用饱和NH4Cl水溶液进行水解。当Y为F、X为H、F或Cl时,在约40-80℃温度下于非反应性溶剂(DMF或DMSO)中,使亚类(a)化合物(即其中X′为F或Cl的化合物(35))与碱(最好是tBuOK、DMAP的DBU)反应进行制备。在该反应中,通过脱去X而产生双键。选择化合物的合适类似物并按照前机的方法用碱进行处理,在脱去HF或HCl后就可制得所需Y和X的化合物(34a)。该反应如下所示:
当需要制备其中Z为亚类(d)的式6中间产物,即式36化合物时,于0-20℃,在CH2Cl2中使式(24)化合物与2当量DAST反应1-5小时,然后用过量甲醇处理,可以制得所需产物36。
在一步方法中,Wittig型烯化方法是将式39的磷与式38化合物(尤其当X和Y为F时)反应;反应在-78-0℃于THF中进行,该反应产生双键。或者,用下式反应物(40)(其中Het为-Sφ、SiMe3、Se、-SMe或SeMe)取代反应物39,反应后产生式(41)化合物
当Het为SiMe3时,使用Peterson烯化反应。(a),于0-60℃在DMF中使化合物41与NaH反应;或者(b),在高温下使化合物41与酸(如PTSA(对甲苯磺酸))反应。当Het不是SiMe3时,是在约-20℃~20℃的温度下,在CH2Cl2中使化合物41与含有Et3N或吡啶的Pl3或SOCl2、POCl2反应。
以下所述的方法可用于制备本发明的化合物。合成1:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1-二氟乙基〕膦
酸制备1A:〔2〔2-甲基苯基〕-1,1-二氟乙基〕膦酸二乙
酯
于-78℃在氩气和搅拌下,将溶于30ml无水四呋喃(THF)的30mmol(5.64g)二氟甲烷膦酸二乙酯缓慢加至二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)的溶液中(于0℃由31mmol正丁基锂和30mmol二异丙胺于30ml无水THF中制得)。30分钟后,向反应混合物中加入45mmol(8.33g)2-溴-邻二甲苯。于-78℃搅拌15小时后加入20ml氯化铵的饱和水溶液。将粗制混合物蒸发至干;残余物悬浮于50ml水中,然后用100ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次。有机层经硫酸钠干燥、过滤和蒸发得到8g粗产物,再经硅胶快速层析纯化,得到3.6g1A(产率为41%)。制备1B:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氢-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1-二氟乙基〕
膦酸二乙酯
将N-(溴-琥珀酰亚胺(3mmol,0.53g)和过氧苯甲酰(5mg)加到溶液1A(3mmol,0.88g,于20ml四氯化碳中)中。该混合物在灯加热下回流90分钟,直至出现固体琥珀酰亚胺。反应混合物经过滤除去琥珀酰亚胺,滤液蒸发至于,得到1.1g油状物。在搅拌下将该油状物加到6-氯-鸟嘌呤钠盐的溶液(于20℃在氩气下将3.2mmol氢化钠加到3.9mmol6-氯鸟嘌呤的5mlDMF溶液中制得)中。该反应混合物于20℃搅拌20小时,经减压蒸发,并通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到1.15g所需的1B(42%)。制备1:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1-二氟乙基〕膦
酸
于20℃在氩气和搅拌下将4mmol(0.5mol)溴化三甲基甲硅烷(TMSBr)加到1C(0.6g,1.3mmol)在5ml无水二氯甲烷的溶液中,反应混合物搅拌20小时,向其中加入0.5mlTMSBr。20小时后蒸发反应混合物,残余物溶于3ml乙腈中,并加入约0.2ml水。
蒸发混合物,残余物在7ml 1NHCl中的溶液于100℃加热20小时。蒸发混合物,并在热水中两次重结晶后得到200mg产物(产率38%;母液中所含基本纯的产物以后分离)。合成2:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1-二氟乙烯基〕
膦酸制备2A:〔2〔2-甲基苯基〕-1-氟乙烯基〕膦酸二乙酯
将溶于20ml无水THF的20mmol(6.72g)双(二乙基膦酰)氟甲烷缓慢加到-78℃的二异丙基氨基锂的溶液(于0℃将22mmol正丁基锂加到22mmol二异丙胺的16ml THF溶液中制得)中。于-78℃保持30分钟后,向反应混合物中加入30mmol(3.5ml)新蒸馏的邻甲苯甲醛的20ml THF溶液,于-78℃搅拌2小时、于20℃搅拌5小时,加入20ml氯化铵饱和水溶液,并蒸发至干。残余物悬浮于30ml水中,并用100ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次。有机层经盐水洗涤、硫酸钠干燥、过滤和蒸发,得到5g粗品,再通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到70mmol2A(50%)。制备2D:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1-氟乙烯基〕膦酸
二乙酯
将过氧苯甲酰(10mg)加到NBS(10mmol)和2A(10mmol)的15ml无水四氯化碳悬浮液中。混合物用灯加热回流至所有固体浮起。反应混合物经过滤和蒸发,得到油状的2C,再将其溶于4ml无水DMF中,并在搅拌下加到6-氯-鸟嘌呤钠盐的溶液(于20℃在氩气下将10mmol NaH(60%溶液,W/V)加到10mmol 6-氯-鸟嘌呤的10ml无水DMF溶液中制得)中。于20℃保温20小时后将反应混合物蒸发至干,粗制的残余物经硅胶快速层析直接纯化,得到4mmol产物2D(产率为40%)。制备2:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1-氟乙烯基〕膦酸按照将1C转变为1所述的方法由2D制备2。合成3:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基〕甲基〕苯基〕-1,1,2-三氟乙
基〕膦酸制备3A:〔2-羟基-2-(2-甲基苯基)1-二氟-乙基〕
膦酸二乙酯
于-78℃在氩气和搅拌下,将溶于42ml无水THF的42.5mmol二乙基氧膦基二氟甲烷(8g)缓慢加到新制备的二异丙基氨基锂(42.5mmol)于40ml THF的溶液中。反应混合物于-78℃搅拌35分钟,并向其中加入溶于42ml THF的7.65g邻甲苯甲醛(63.75mmol),于-78℃搅拌4小时,然后于-78℃加入40ml氯化铵饱和水溶液。减压蒸发,残余物悬浮于水中,用200ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次。有机层经盐水洗涤、硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸发和通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到10.67g3A,为白色结晶(产率81%)。制备3B:〔2-氟-2-(2-甲基苯基)1,1-二氟乙基〕
膦酸二乙酯
于20℃在氩气和搅拌下,将2.3ml二乙氨基三氟化硫(DAST)滴加到3A(4.6g,15mmol)的20ml无水二氯甲烷溶液中。于20℃反应2小时后,于0℃向反应混合物中缓缓加入过量的甲醇(5ml),蒸发至干,并通过硅胶快速层析直接纯化,得到4.22g产物3B(产率91%)。制备3C:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1,2-三氟乙
基〕膦酸二乙酯
按照由1B制备1C所述的方法使3B溴化,并随后与6-氯鸟嘌呤缩合。制备3:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1,2-三氟乙
基〕膦酸
按照由1C制备1所述的方法,用TMSBr/CH2Cl2和1NHCl的水溶液脱去保护后分离出最终产物3。合成4:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-2-羟基-1,1-二
氟乙基〕膦酸制备4A:〔2-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-2-(2-甲基
苯基)1,1-二氟乙基)膦酸二乙酯
于-78℃在氩气下,将溶于25ml无水THF的二乙基氧膦基二氟甲烷(4.7g,25mmol)滴加到二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)的溶液(于0℃将25mmol正丁基锂与25mmol二异丙基胺在25ml THF中反应制得)中。于-78℃保持35分钟后,向反应混合物中加入邻甲苯甲醛(30mmol,3.6g)的20ml无水THF溶液。于-78℃保持3小时后,向反应混合物中再加入30mmol氯化叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷,于-20℃搅拌2小时,加入10ml水,蒸发,用120ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次。收集有机层,经硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸发和通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到8.8g产物4A(21mmol,产率为84%)。制备4B:〔2-(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-
嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-〔2-(叔丁基二甲基
甲硅烷氧基)-1,1-二氟乙基〕膦酸二乙酯
按照将1A转变为1C所述的方法由4A制备4B。制备4C:〔2-(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-
嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-2-羟基-1,1-二
氟乙基〕膦酸二乙酯
在搅拌下将12mmol(3.85g)氟化四丁基铵一次加入4B(6mmol)在150ml THF的溶液中。于20℃搅拌20小时,蒸发至干,并通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到4.8mmol4C(产率为80%)。制备4:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-2-羟基-1,1-二
氟乙基〕膦酸
通过所述的两个化学脱去保护步骤(TMSBr;H3O+)由4C得到化合物4。合成5:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-
9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-2,2-二羟基-
1,1-二氟乙基〕膦酸由4C制备5A:〔2-〔2-(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-
氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-2
-羟基-1,1-二氟乙基膦酸二乙酯
于-65℃在氩气和搅拌下,将溶于25ml无水二氯甲烷的60mmol(4.3ml)DMSO滴加到30ml草酰氯(26ml)在25ml无水二氯甲烷的溶液中。反应混合物于-65℃搅拌5分钟,加入溶于25mlCH2Cl2的20mmol4C。从冷却浴中移出反应瓶几分钟,然后于-65℃再次搅拌该混合物15分钟,同时向其中加入100mmol(13.8ml)三乙胺,于-65℃搅拌10分钟,加入柠檬酸水溶液,于20℃搅拌几分钟,用二氯甲烷(3×75ml)萃取,再经过盐水洗涤、Na2SO4干燥、过滤、蒸发和通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到13.5mmol产物4C(67%)。制备5:〔2〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-2,2-二羟基-1,
1-二氟乙基〕膦酸
按照由1C制备1所述的两个脱去保护步骤,由5A制得最终产物5。合成6:〔3-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H-
嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕-1,1-二氟丙基〕膦
酸制备6A:3-(2-甲基苯氧基)-1-丙醇
将300mmol邻甲酚、334mmol碳酸亚乙酯和325mmol氟化钾加到100ml无水DMF中,并于125℃在氩气下搅拌50小时,再向其中加入40mmol碳酸亚乙酯和40mmolKF,然后于125℃再搅拌24小时。
将反应混合物冷却至20℃,过滤和蒸发。残余物通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到38.6g所需产物(产率85%)。制备6B:3-(2-甲基苯氧基)-1-溴丙烷
在搅拌下将10g(62.5mmol)溶于30ml苯(或乙腈)的溴缓慢加到三苯膦(64mmol)的100ml苯(或乙腈)溶液中。15分钟后,向其中加入溶于35ml苯(或乙腈)的三乙胺(64mmol),再加入溶于50ml苯(或乙腈)的起始物6A(9.68g;63.7mmol)。反应混合物于20℃搅拌20小时,通过过滤(以除去大部分氧化三苯膦)、蒸发和硅胶快速层析纯化,得到9.8g所需产物。制备6C:〔3-(2-甲基苯氧基)-1,1-二氟丙基〕膦酸
二乙酯
于-78℃在氩气和搅拌下,将溶于30ml无水THF的30mmol(5.64g)O,O-二乙基膦酸二氟甲酯缓慢加到37mmol LDA溶液(由31mmol正丁基锂和31mmol二异丙胺在30ml THF中制得)中。反应混合物于-78℃搅拌30分钟,向其中加入溶于10ml无水THF的起始物6B(20mmol)。于-78℃继续搅拌3小时,将温度缓慢升至20℃,加入氯化铵饱和水溶液。蒸发粗制混合物并用乙酸乙酯萃取。收集有机层,经水和盐水洗涤、硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸发和通过硅胶快速层析纯化得到40%(16mmol)所需缩合产物。制备6D:〔3-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕-1,1-二氟丙
基〕膦酸二乙酯
溶于15ml无水四氢化碳的6mmol起始物6C与6mmol N-溴琥珀酰亚胺和几毫克过氧苯甲酰一起用灯加热35分钟。过滤粗品以除去琥珀酰亚胺,滤液蒸发至干,溶于8ml无水DMF,于20℃在氩气下与6.5mmol 6-氯-鸟嘌呤和13mmol碳酸钾一起搅拌24小时。将混合物蒸发至干,残余物悬浮于50ml乙酸乙酯中,经氯化铵和盐水洗涤、硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸发和通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到3mmol所需产物。制备6:〔3〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H-
嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕-1,1-二氟丙基〕膦
酸
于20℃在氩气和搅拌下,将新蒸馏的9mmol TMSBr缓慢加到溶于10ml无水二氯甲烷的起始物6D(3mmol)的溶液中。反应混合物于20℃搅拌20小时,将混合物蒸发至干。残余物溶于8ml无水乙腈中,并加入10mmol水。过滤分离和收集所形成的白色沉淀,得到所需产物,它不经进一步纯化可直接用于以下步骤。
将溶于10ml 1NHCl和2ml THF的2mmol起始物于90-100℃加热20小时。然后冷却至20℃,蒸发至干,并溶于三乙铵重碳酸盐饱和水溶液,过滤,并通过加入1NHCl使析出结晶。
收集白色固体,经减压干燥后得到1.7mmol所需产物,为半水合物。合成7:〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-
嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕甲基磷酸制备7A:2-甲基苯氧基甲基膦酸二乙酯
于20℃在氩气和搅拌下,将氢化钠(8mmol于油中的60%悬浮液)加到溶于10ml无水DMF的邻甲酚(8mmol,864mg)溶液中。45分钟后,向反应混合物中加入溶于3ml DMF的O,O-二乙基甲基膦酸酯甲苯磺酸酯衍生物(8mmol,2.54g),于60℃搅拌20小时,再经过减压蒸发和硅胶快速层析纯化,得到1.1g产物(产率69%)。合成7B:〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H-
嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕甲基磷酸二乙酯
将膦酸酯7A(1.03g,4mmol)、N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(4.2mmol;743mg)和几毫克过氧苯甲酰置于10mlCCl4中,并在加热灯下加热回流。35分钟后,反应混合物经过滤和蒸发,得到1.3g油状物,将其溶于3ml无水DMF,并于20℃在氩气和搅拌下将溶液加到6-氯鸟嘌呤(4.4mmol;745mg)和碳酸钾(10mmol;1.38g)的6ml无水DMF悬浮液中。40分钟后,减压蒸发反应混合物,并通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到1.25g所需产物(产率为74%)。制备7:〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-
嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕甲基磷酸
用TMSBr进行化学脱去保护,然后按所述方法进行水解,得到标题化合物。合成8:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕-苯基〕1,1-二氟-2-丙
烯基〕膦酸制备8A:〔2-〔2-甲基苯基〕1,1-二氟氧乙基〕膦酸二乙
酯
以保持温和回流的速率,在搅拌下将溶于50ml二甲氧基乙烷(DME)的50mmol(13.35g)溴二氟甲烷膦酸O,O-二乙酯缓慢加到刚活化的锌(55mmol)在15mlDME的悬浮液中。反应混合物于20℃搅拌2小时,然后向其中加入溶于15ml DME的60mmol氯化邻甲苯甲酸(25g),并于20℃搅拌20小时。用硅藻土过滤粗产物,滤液蒸发至于并通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到30mmol产物8A(产率60%)。制备8B:〔2-〔2-甲基苯基〕1,1-二氟-2-丙烯基〕膦
酸二乙基
于-78℃在氩气和搅拌下,将35mmol正丁基锂(21.8ml 1.6N己烷溶液)缓慢加到35mmol溴化甲基三苯磷的50ml THF悬浮液中。反应混合物于0℃搅拌2小时,再于-78℃向其中加入溶于30ml THF的30mmol化合物8A。于-78℃搅拌2小时、0℃搅拌2小时后,用饱和氯化铵水溶液使反应混合物水解。粗产物减压蒸发后用100ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次。经过常规处理和硅胶快速层析纯化,得到18mmol8B(产率60%)。制备8C:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕-苯基〕1,1-二氟-2-丙
烯基〕膦酸二乙酯
按照由1B制备1C所述的方法将8B溴化,然后与6-氯鸟嘌呤缩合。制备8:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕-苯基〕1,1-二氟-2-丙
烯基〕膦酸
按照由1C制备1所述的方法,用TMSBr/CH2Cl2合成9:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基-苯基〕乙炔基〕膦酸制备9A:〔2-〔2-甲基苯基〕-2-氧代乙烷膦酸二乙酯
于-78℃在氩气和搅拌下,将100mmol正丁基锂缓慢加到溶于100ml THF的100mmol甲基膦酸二乙酯溶液中。于-78℃搅拌2小时后,向反应混合物中加入溶于50mlTHF的50mmol邻甲苯甲酸甲酯,于-78℃搅拌20小时,0℃搅拌小时,然后用氯化铵饱和水溶液进行水解。经常规处理和硅胶快速层析纯化,得到45mmol产物9A(产率为90%)。制备9B:〔2-〔2-甲基苯基〕乙炔基膦酸二乙酯
于0℃将61mmol(8ml)二乙氨基三氟化硫(DAST)缓慢加到30mmol9A的50ml无水二氯甲烷溶液中。反应混合物于20℃搅拌30小时,于0℃缓缓加入过量甲醇(5ml)。将反应混合物蒸发至干并直接通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到24mmol产物9B(产率80%)。制备9C:〔2-〔2〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕乙炔基〕膦酸二乙酯
按照由1B制备1C的方法,将9B溴化,然后与6-氯-鸟嘌呤缩合。制备9:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H
-嘌呤-9-基)甲基苯基〕乙炔基〕膦酸
于20℃在氩气和搅拌下,将20mmol(2.5ml)TMSBr加到9C(5mmol)在25ml无水二氯甲烷的溶液中。反应混合物搅拌20小时,并通过减压蒸发。残余物溶于20ml乙腈,加入0.5ml水后沉淀出白色固体。过滤收集白色固体,并将其溶于15ml 0.2NHCl和6ml THF的混合液中,于60℃将该溶液加热8小时,冷却结晶后得到最终产物9(1.4mmol,产率28%)。合成10:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-
9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基苯基〕乙烯基〕膦酸制备10B:〔2-〔2-甲基苯基〕-乙炔基〕膦酸二乙酯
于15℃在氩气下,将溶于25ml无水四氢呋喃的38mmol(10.95g)双(二乙基膦酰)甲烷缓慢加到NaH(42mmol)的20ml无水四氢呋喃悬浮液中。45分钟后,于0℃向该反应混合物中加入溶于40ml四氢呋喃的38mmol(4.6g)邻甲苯甲醛。于20℃搅拌18小时后,向该粗反应混合物中加入20ml氯化铵饱和水溶液,然后蒸发至干。残余物悬浮于35ml水中,并用100ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次,有机层经盐水洗涤、硫酸钠干燥、过滤和蒸发,得到11g粗品,再通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到7.53g产物10A(产率75%)。制备10B:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-
9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基]苯基〕乙烯基〕膦酸二
乙酯
将过氧苯甲酰(20mg)加到N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(20mmol)和〔2-〔2-甲基苯基〕-乙烯基〕膦酸二乙酯(20mmol)的15ml无水四氯化碳悬浮液中。用灯加热回流混合物至所有固体浮起。过滤反应混合物并蒸发,得到油状物,然后将其溶于10ml无水二甲基甲酰胺中,在搅拌下将其加到6-氯-鸟嘌呤钠盐的溶液(于20℃在氩气下将20mmolNaH加到20mmol 6-氯-鸟嘌呤的10ml无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液中制得)中,反应混合物于20℃搅拌20小时,蒸发至干,粗制残余物直接通过硅胶快速层析纯化,得到12mmol产物10B(产率60%)。制备10:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-
9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基苯基〕乙烯基〕膦酸
按照合成1中将1B转化为1时所述的方法;由10B制备10。
生物应用
本发明化合物作为免疫抑制剂、抗淋巴瘤剂、抗白血病剂、抗病毒剂、抗原生动物剂以及作为治疗痛风、牛皮癣和自体免疫疾病药剂的性能可由其抑制嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP)的能力加以证实。可按照Kalckar的偶联黄嘌呤氧化酶法,使用肌苷作为底物测定嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP)抑制活性(H.M.Kalckar,J.Biol,Chem.167,429-443(1974)〕。使用0.1MHEPES缓冲液(PH7.4)、范围在0.05mM至0.5mM4个浓度的肌苷以及各种浓度的抑制剂,以1mM无机磷酸盐测定表观离解常数(K)。表1列出了式I的代表性化合物的Ki,并与底物肌苷的Km值进行了比较(利用各种来源的PNP)。而且,本发明的化合物已显示出能够有效地抗淋巴瘤(人MoLT-4细胞),因此具有抗淋巴瘤活性和抗白血病活性。天然代谢产物2′-脱氧鸟苷(约1-10um)的存在对抗培养基中淋巴瘤细胞的活性似乎是重要的。
| 化合物 | 牛脾 | Ki(M) | ||
| PNP来源 | ||||
| 大鼠红细胞 | 人红细胞 | E.Coli | ||
| 〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1-二氟乙基〕磷酸〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1-氟乙烯基〕磷酸〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9基)甲基〕苯基〕-氟乙烯基〕磷酸〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯基〕-1,1,2-三氟乙基〕磷酸〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕-1,1-二氟丙基〕磷酸 | 4×10-98×10-10-6×10-102.5×10-7 | 2×10-94×10-10-5×10-103.7×10-8 | 17×10-91.8×10-93.2×10-91.3×10-92.1×10-7 | 15×10-92.5×10-105×10-107×10-10- |
| 化合物 | 牛脾 | Ki(M) | ||
| PNP来源 | ||||
| 大鼠红细胞 | 人红细胞 | E.Coli | ||
| 〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲基〕苯氧基〕甲基〕磷酸肌苷 | 7.5×10-93×10-5 | 7.3×10-91.5×10-4 | 7.9×10-81.5×10-4 | 4.5×10-98×10-5 |
就免疫系统的抑制来说,这里所用的术语“患者”指哺乳动物,如小鼠、大鼠、猫、狗、牛、羊、猪和灵长类(包括人)。就治疗寄生性感染来说,术语“患者”不仅包括哺乳动物,而且还包括其它温血动物,如禽(包括鸡和火鸡)。
术语“原生动物”包括原生动物门中的肉足鞭毛亚门和孢子虫亚门。尤其是包括寄生性原生动物属,由于它们在人或家养动物中引起疾病,因而对人类来说很重要。按照Baker(1969)的分类,已发现这些属中的大部分属于肉足鞭毛亚门中的鞭毛纲和孢子虫亚门中的晚孢子虫纲。其例子有组织滴虫属、锥虫属、贾第虫属、毛滴虫属、艾美球虫属、同形孢子虫属、弓浆虫属和疟原虫属。
事实上,本发明的优选实施方案是将这些化合物作为抗原生动物剂用于治疗商用家禽的肠道球虫。肠道球虫感染每年使美国家禽工业损失数百万美元。由于球虫迅速形成抗药性并且由于应用治疗球虫病的某些药物具有较高的毒性,因此迫切需要一种无毒性并且使肠道球虫不易形成抗药性的有效的抑制球虫剂。
尽管免疫系统是抵抗引起疾病物质的主要防御系统,但它不能够区别有用和有害的外来物质,而是将它们统统破坏。在许多情况下,如果有一种不损害个体的,调节免疫系统的方式将是非常有用的。本发明的化合物显示出这种调节作用,可用于治疗各种免疫疾病,如类风湿性关节炎和红斑狼疮。
抗体循环和细胞免疫反应在移植组织和器官的排斥反应中起作用。除非供者与受者是单卵性双生胎或者是其本身,否则受者的淋巴细胞将移植物识别为“非自身”并立即反应,将其摧毁。唯一例外的情况是将移值物移植到非血管化区域(特许位点)(如眼角膜),此处没有淋巴细胞循环,因而不会致敏和不会引起免疫反应。通过其它方式抑制免疫反应以防止移植物的排斥反应并且不严重损害患者现在是很困难的。由于患者自身的抗感染防御系统已被抑制,因此还必须给予患者大剂量的抗生素。本发明的化合物在通过免疫系统的控制调节对移植物产生耐受性方面是有价值的。另外,这些化合物还具有抗病毒活性。
根据所用的具体剂量单位、治疗期、患者的年令和性别、所治疗疾病的性质和程度,所服用的活性成分的剂量可在很宽的范围内变动。所服用活性成分的总量一般约为1mg/kg-100mg/kg,最好是3mg/kg-25mg/kg。一个剂量单位可含有25-500mg活性成分,并且每天可服用1次或多次。可按常规剂量单位形式(口服、非经胃肠道服用或局部给药)将式I活性化合物与药用载体一起服用。优选将2-脱氧鸟苷与本发明的化合物结合服用。可使用任何有效、无毒性剂量的2-脱氧鸟苷,通常按约0.5-50mg/kg/day的剂量服用。申请人不仅想到含有2-脱氧鸟苷和式I化合物的上述剂量形式,而且还想到单独的剂量形式。本发明化合物也可按独立的剂量单位服用。
优选的服用途径是口服。口服时可将本发明的化合物配制成固体或液体制剂,例如胶囊剂、丸剂、片剂、锭剂、糖锭、熔融剂、粉剂、溶液剂、悬浮液剂或乳剂。固体单位剂量形式可以是具有普通硬壳或软壳明胶胶囊剂,它含有例如表面活性剂、润滑剂和惰性填料(如乳糖、蔗糖、磷酸钙和玉米淀粉)。在另一实施方案中,是将本发明化合物与普通的片剂基质(如乳糖、蔗糖和玉米淀粉)与粘合剂(阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉或明胶)、用于促进片剂服用后破裂和溶解的崩解剂(如土豆淀粉、藻酸、玉米淀粉和瓜耳胶)、用于改善片剂颗粒流动性和防止片剂材料粘着于压片模和压片冲头表面的润滑剂(如滑石、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸锌)、用于增强片剂美感并使其更易于被患者接受的染料、着色剂和调味剂一起压制成片剂。用于口服液体剂型的合适赋形剂包括稀释剂,如水和醇(如乙醇、苄醇、聚乙二醇),其中加有或未加可药用的表面活性剂、悬浮剂或乳化剂。
也可非经胃肠道服用本发明化合物,即皮下给药、静脉内给药、肌内给药、或腹膜内给药,如本发明化合物与生理上适用的稀释剂和药用载体配制成的注射剂,药用载体可以是无菌液体或液体混合物,如水,盐水,葡萄糖及相关糖的水溶液,醇(如乙醇,异丙醇或十六烷醇),二元醇(如丙二醇或聚乙二醇),缩丙三醇(如2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇),醚(如聚-(乙二醇)400),油,酯肪酸,脂肪酸酯或甘油酯,或乙酰化脂肪酸甘油酯。其中加有或未加可药用表面活性剂(如肥皂)或去垢剂、悬浮剂(如果胶、聚酸乙烯、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或羧甲基纤维素)、乳化剂及其它药用辅助剂。可用于本发明非经胃肠道配方的油的例子有来自石油、动物或植物的油或合成的油,如花生油、黄豆油、芝麻油、棉子油、玉米油、杨榄油、矿脂和矿物油。合适的脂肪酸包括油酸、硬脂酸和异硬脂酸。合适的脂肪酸酯有油酸乙酯和肉豆蔻动酸异丙酯。合适的肥皂包括脂肪碱金属、铵和三乙醇胺盐。合适的去垢剂包括阳离子去垢剂(如卤化二甲基二烷基铵、卤化烷基吡啶鎓和乙酸烷基胺):阴离子去垢剂(如烷基、芳基和烯烃基磺酸酯,烷基、烯烃基、乙醚和单酸甘油酯,硫酸酯以及硫代琥珀酸酯);两性去垢剂(如β-氨基丙酸烷基酯和2-烷基咪唑啉季铵盐)以及其混合物。本发明非经胃肠道组合物通常为含有约0.5-25%(重量)活性成分的溶液。使用防腐剂和缓冲液也是有益的。为了减小或消除对注射位点的刺激,这类组合物可含有亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)约为12-17的非离子型表面活性剂,其含量为5-15%(重量)。表面活性剂可以是具有上述HLB的单一成分或者是具有所需HLB的两种或多种成分的混合物。用在非经胃肠道配方中的表面活性剂的例子是聚乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,如脱水山梨醇单油酸酯以及环氧丙烷与丙二醇缩合而形成的环氧乙烷与疏水基质的大分子量加合物。
含有本发明化合物的气溶液或喷雾组合物可施用于皮肤和粘液膜。这类组合物可含有式I化合物的微粒化固体或溶液,并且还可含有溶剂、缓冲液、表面活性剂、香料、抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂和推进剂。可在加压下借助推进剂施用这类组合物,或者借助可压缩塑料喷雾瓶、喷雾器或不使用气体推进剂的雾化器来施用这类组合物。优选的气溶胶或喷雾组合物是鼻喷雾剂。
活性成分也可以缓释制剂服用,其中式I化合物在治疗期间通过载体的扩散、渗透或崩解而以受控制的均匀速率逐步释放。受控制的释放药物输送系统可以补片或绷带的形式施用于皮肤、颊、舌下、鼻内模或植入眼盲管的眼插入物,也可为口服逐步浸蚀的片剂或胶囊剂或胃肠长效制剂。借助缓释制剂给药可使机体组织长时间持续受到治疗有效量或预防有效量的式I化合物的作用。以缓释制剂服用的化合物的单位剂量约等于有效日剂量乘以载体在机体内存在的最大天数。缓释制剂的载体可以为固体、多孔基质或贮器的形式,并可由一种或多种天然或合成聚合物制成,这类聚合物包括经修饰或未修饰的纤维素、淀粉、明胶、胶原、橡胶、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸酯、聚醇、聚醚、聚酯、聚氨基甲酸乙酯、聚砜、聚硅氧烷和聚酰亚胺,以及这些聚合物的混合物或共聚物。可将纯的式I化合物加到缓释载体中,也可将其溶于任何合适的液体或固体载体中,包括形成缓释载体的聚合物。
本发明的另一方面是在联合治疗中使用式I嘌呤核苷磷酸酶抑制剂,以增强抗病毒核苷类似物的效力,否则它将受到嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶的作用。
具体地说,本发明包括在联合治疗中使用式I化合物治疗逆转象病毒感染,尤其是人,最主要的是人免疫缺陷病毒。优选的2′,3′-二脱氧嘌呤核苷是2′,3′-二脱氧腺苷、2′,3′-二脱氧鸟苷、2′,3′-二脱氧硫代肌苷和2′,3′-二脱氧肌苷。
可按照现有技术中已知的方法,例如Proc.Nat.Acad.Sei,U.S.A.83,1911(9186)中所述的方法,在受到逆转录病毒(如HIV)作用的细胞培养物(如H9细胞、ATH8细胞)中测定PNP抑制剂-二脱氧嘌呤核苷(如式I化合物)的抗逆转录病毒作用的增强效果。也可按照现有技术中所熟知的方法,预先或同时服用该PNP抑制剂,通过体内测定所得到的血浆中二脱氧嘌呤核苷水平的增加来确定该增强作用。
如果当2′,3′-二脱氧嘌呤核苷存在时就有有效的PNP抑制作用,那么可以相同或不同途径以相同或不同配方服用两种活性成分(2′,3′-二脱氧嘌呤核苷和PNP抑制剂),或者在独立的时间点上服用上述两种活性成分。服用活性成分的时间间隔取决于所获得的PNP的量以及PNP抑制剂本身降解的速度。由于这些原因,优选的剂量是一天2-4次均分剂量,最好将两种药剂同时服用。
已知作为抗病毒剂服用的嘌呤核苷衍生物将被嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶催化,不利地改变该制剂的效力。事实上,催化将导致副作用。还已知本身不被嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶作用的抗病毒化合物(通过所熟知的机制,如脲苷脱氨酶的酶促作用,或者通过未知的机制)可以成为嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶的作用对象,从而同样改变这类化合物的抗病毒作用的效果。由于这一原因,这两类抗病毒剂均包括在经受嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶作用的抗病毒剂这一术语之中。
本发明的这一方面也可表述为:用经受核苷磷酸化酶作用的抗病毒剂治疗病毒感染的方法中,其改进包括联合服用治疗上有效量的嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制剂,尤其是包括本发明通式I化合物在内的抑制剂。
在本发明的一又方面,术语“抗病毒”包括治疗病毒和由其引起的病疾—通常已知其适合用核苷类似物治疗,例如引起艾滋病的HIV病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和疱疹病毒。
与PNP酶抑制剂进行联合治疗以增强抗病毒效力的具体抗病毒剂是以下化合物
乙型肝炎病毒OH,NH2,F 3′-F-二脱氧鸟苷 HIVOH,NH2,N3 3′-叠氮基二脱氧鸟苷 HIV,
乙型肝炎病毒NH2,NH2,H 脱氧二氨基嘌呤核苷 HIV,HBVNH2,H,H 二脱氧腺苷 HIVNH2,NH2,N3 3′-叠氮基二脱氧二氨 HIV,HBV
基嘌呤核苷
R1,R2 名称 靶病毒
OH,H 二脱氧脱氢肌苷 HIV
OH,NH2 二脱氧脱氢鸟苷 HIV
NH2,H 二脱氧脱氢腺嘌呤 HIV(c)下式的二氧戊环嘌呤衍生物其中当R1和R2发生变化(其中R1为OH或NH2,R2为H或NH2)时,该化合物的靶病毒为HIV和HBV(即乙型肝炎),(d)下式的氧杂环丁烷型衍生物其中R1为OH或NH2,R2为H或NH2。靶病毒为HIV。
应当一提的是,当今用于乙型肝炎(HBV)的两种最好的抗病毒剂是二脱氧鸟苷(ddGuo)和2,6-二亚氨基二脱氧嘌呤核苷(它为二脱氧鸟苷的“药物前体”)。
尤其有用的本发明化合物为下式的PNP抑制剂。其中R3为H,Ar为2,3-噻吩、2,5-呋喃或3,4-呋喃,Z″为-CH2CF2-P(OH)2,且其中Ar为1,2-苯基,R3为H或NH2,Z″为:CH2CF2PO(OH)2,
CH2CHFPO(OH)2,
CHFCF2PO(OH)2,
CHOHCF2PO(OH)2,
CH=CFPO(OH)2,
CH=CHPO(OH)2,或
COCF2PO(OH)2.对于大部分化学治疗剂来说,其中的某一亚类或某一特定化合物往往比其它化合物更有益。对式IPNP抑制剂来说,优选的化合物是其中R1为OH、R2为NH2、R3为H或NH2、Ar为1,2-苯基或2,3-呋喃或噻吩、R5和R6为H的化合物。优选的Z为其中X和Y为F、R4为H、R4′为H或F的(a);其中n为O、X和Y均为H的(b);其中X为F、Y为F或H的(c);其中X为F、Y为F或H的(d);其中X和Y为F、R7和R8为H的(e)。优选的具体化合物为实例1-10的最终产物,以及其3-位氨基类似物。
Claims (11)
1.制备式I化合物、其互变异构件以及其可药用盐的方法,其中R′为-CH2-Ar-Z-P(O)(OH)2,Ar为R9-取代的苯基,其相邻的CH2与Ar的一个环碳原子相连接,Z与Ar的第二个环碳原子相连接,Z为亚类(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)或(e),其中(a)为
(b)为
(c)为
(d)为-C≡C-,(e)
其中n为1-5的整数或0;
R1为-OH或-SH,
R2为H或-NH2,
R3为H,-NH2,-OH或-NH-NH2,
R4为H,
R4′为H、OH或F,或R4和R4′与它们相连的碳原子一起形成酮基,
R7和R8各自为H、F或C1-4烷基,
R9为H、Cl、Br、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、OH、NH2或CH3,
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R5和R6为H。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R1为OH。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R2为NH2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R3为H。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R3为NH2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中Ar为苯基。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,Z为CHFCF2、CH=CF或CH=CH。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中R1为OH,R2为NH2,R3为H,Ar为苯基,Z选自-CH2CF2、-CH2CHF、-CHFCF、CH(OH)CF2、-CH=CF和-CH=CH。
10.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中R1为OH,R2为NH2,R3为NH2,Ar为苯基,Z选自-CH2CF2、-CH2CHF、-CHFCF2、CH(OH)CF2、-CH=CF和-CH=CH。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的化合物选自:〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕-1,1-二氟乙基〕膦酸,〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕-1-氟乙烯基〕膦酸,〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕-1,1,2-三氟乙基〕膦酸,〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕-2-羟基-1,1-二氟乙基〕膦酸,〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕-2,2-二羟基-1,1-二氟乙基〕膦酸,〔3-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯氧基〕-1,1-二氟丙基〕膦酸,〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯氧基〕甲基膦酸,〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕-1,1-二氟-2-丙烯基〕膦酸,〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕乙炔基〕膦酸,〔2-〔2-〔(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-甲基〕-苯基〕乙烯基〕膦基。
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| WO2019027920A1 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF ETHYL ((S) - (((((2R, 5R) -5- (6-AMINO-9H-PURIN-9-YL) -4-FLUORO-2,5-DIHYDROFURAN-2-YL) OXY ) METHYL) (PHENOXY) PHOSPHORYL) -L-ALANINATE (GS-9131) FOR THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL INFECTIONS |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1288098C (en) * | 1984-08-24 | 1991-08-27 | Richard L. Tolman | 4-(guanin-9-yl)butanals and their 3-oxa, 3-thia and 2-ene derivatives having antiviral and antitumor activity |
| US4988702A (en) * | 1986-08-26 | 1991-01-29 | Warner-Lambert Company | Novel 9-deazaguanines |
| EP0328834A1 (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-08-23 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Novel aspartate transcarbamylase inhibitors |
| EP0335770B1 (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1997-01-15 | Merrell Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Novel fluorophosphonate nucleotide derivatives |
| US4927830A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1990-05-22 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Acyclic pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidine analogs as antiviral agents |
| ATE98249T1 (de) * | 1988-04-19 | 1993-12-15 | Merrell Dow Pharma | Phosphonoalkylpurin-derivate. |
| EP0338168A1 (en) * | 1988-04-19 | 1989-10-25 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Phosphonoalkylpurine derivatives |
| JPH02124898A (ja) * | 1988-04-28 | 1990-05-14 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | プリン塩基を有する新規化合物、その用途及び中間体 |
| JPH02124897A (ja) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-05-14 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | エリスロフラノシルヌクレオシド誘導体の製造法及び新規誘導体 |
| GB8827339D0 (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1988-12-29 | Wellcome Found | Antiviral compounds |
| DE58902899D1 (de) * | 1988-12-14 | 1993-01-14 | Ciba Geigy Ag | 2',3'-dideoxypurinnucleosid/purinnucleosid-phosphorylase-inhibitor kombinationstherapie und zusammensetzungen dafuer. |
| ES2085446T3 (es) * | 1990-07-04 | 1996-06-01 | Merrell Pharma Inc | Derivados de acido 9-purinil fosfonico. |
| EP0468119A1 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-29 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Novel carbocyclic analogs of certain nucleosides |
| EP0477454A1 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-01 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Novel phosphonate derivatives of certain nucleosides |
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1991
- 1991-06-24 ES ES91401700T patent/ES2085446T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-24 DK DK91401700.9T patent/DK0465297T3/da active
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- 1991-06-24 DE DE69116750T patent/DE69116750T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-24 EP EP91401700A patent/EP0465297B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-27 ZA ZA914978A patent/ZA914978B/xx unknown
- 1991-06-27 CA CA002045783A patent/CA2045783C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-27 AU AU79414/91A patent/AU643533B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-06-28 NZ NZ238774A patent/NZ238774A/en unknown
- 1991-06-28 TW TW080105043A patent/TW199896B/zh active
- 1991-07-01 IL IL9870291A patent/IL98702A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1991-07-03 IE IE232991A patent/IE72096B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1991-07-03 FI FI913236A patent/FI101793B1/fi active
- 1991-07-03 NO NO912606A patent/NO180541C/no unknown
- 1991-07-04 KR KR1019910011290A patent/KR100217807B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-04 JP JP3189498A patent/JP3006919B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1992
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1994
- 1994-11-08 US US08/336,703 patent/US5538978A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1995
- 1995-06-06 US US08/469,097 patent/US5527803A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1996
- 1996-04-29 GR GR960401173T patent/GR3019793T3/el unknown
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