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CN103124820A - 低辐射房屋包覆材料 - Google Patents

低辐射房屋包覆材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103124820A
CN103124820A CN2011800253264A CN201180025326A CN103124820A CN 103124820 A CN103124820 A CN 103124820A CN 2011800253264 A CN2011800253264 A CN 2011800253264A CN 201180025326 A CN201180025326 A CN 201180025326A CN 103124820 A CN103124820 A CN 103124820A
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China
Prior art keywords
flexible insulator
insulation materials
low
substrate insulation
cover material
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CN2011800253264A
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English (en)
Inventor
科里.L.克罗夫特
托姆斯.W.多贝
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Environmental Safety Products Inc
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Individual
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Publication of CN103124820A publication Critical patent/CN103124820A/zh
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Abstract

一种柔性绝缘体，其包括基底绝缘材料；置于基底绝缘材料上的覆材；以及多个孔，其中每个孔具有一个贯穿基底绝缘材料和覆材的开口。

Description

低辐射房屋包覆材料
本申请要求2010年5月21日提交的申请号61/346,916、名称为“低辐射房屋包覆材料（low-E housewrap）”的美国临时申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及建筑物结构材料，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种用于建筑物建设方面的防渗屏障，用以改善能量效率并防止建筑内空气渗透和湿气累积。
背景技术
为了改善新建筑或已有建筑的能量效率，通常是在新建筑的建设或在旧建筑的改建的过程中，例如在安置覆材（如外壁面板(siding)）之前，在外墙板上覆盖一层防渗屏障。一种这样的防渗屏障是高密度聚乙烯纤维片材。虽然防渗屏障减少了房屋内的小股气流，因而减少了对流热损耗，但对建筑结构能量效率的贡献非常有限。
除了关注于新建筑或已有建筑的能量效率之外，湿气问题也是住宅建筑或其它建筑的最大危害因素之一。水分或湿气或潮湿空气的渗透，如果一旦透入外壁面板或砖块，将会使建筑的木结构水分饱和，进而形成易于发霉或腐烂的环境。
多年来，耐候屏障（weather resistant barrier）被应用于建筑或房屋的木龙骨，以耐受由天气引起的潮湿环境或雨水环境。这种材料通常是具有弹性的膜状或薄片状。通常，这种耐候屏障或说“房屋包覆材料”，在施用最终的外壁面板或表面饰材（如砖块、金属、涂饰木材）前，应用于木质框架上。多种所述的“包覆材料”产品可通过商品化途径获得，例如，Dupont Tyvek®, Typar®. Housewrap (www.typarhousewrap.com), 以及Barricade®建筑包覆材料(www.ludlowcp.com)。
2010年国际节能标准（International Energy Conservation Code, IECC）以及国际住宅规范（International Residential Code, IRC）提高了对住宅墙壁热性能的要求。这两项标准致力于改善热性能，降低每栋住宅所需的能量。自2010年1月起，地理区域或地区(geographical area or zones)5-8的U-值为.057；墙体系统的R-值倒数为R-20。U-因子为总R值的反数，或倒数，即，U-因子=1/总R值。R-值表示对热流的热耐受性。较大的R-值表示，相比于较小的R-值，材料具有更强的热耐受性和更大的绝缘性能。这些R-值可叠加。例如，对于同类型安装件，绝缘安装件的总R-值等于每层绝缘层的R-值的总和。这些绝缘层可包括墙板（sheathing）和涂料，绝缘层本身、空气膜或防风雨元件。
为了满足这些新的建筑要求，建筑师已采用了额外的建筑技术，如框架开口的改善建设。例如，建筑师通常在2×4的框架结构上建好墙体。但是，为了满足新规定的要求，建筑师需要调整设计，在2×6的框架结构上建筑墙体，并且，将例如R-20绝缘件设于墙体的空腔内，以达到建筑行业的能量或相关规范的强制性要求。然而，由于这些技术需要额外投入更为昂贵的建筑材料，因此建设成本相应增加。此外，框架尺寸的增大，也进一步缩小了生活空间。尽管如此，为了适应新规中关于热规范的要求的变化，许多建筑师还是简单地接受了这些额外的成本负担和对生活空间的牺牲。
因此，有必要提供用以改善能量效率并防止建筑内空气渗透或湿气累积的防护包覆材料，同时满足新实施的行业性的能量/规范标准。此外，有必要在现有框架结构或窗口上使用一种防护包覆材料，该防护包覆材料符合或超越新颁布的规范要求，并且/或者不增大建筑的墙体轮廓。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种低辐射房屋包覆材料，该材料可应用于传统的2×4框架上，该框架具有位于现存的或新建的框架空腔结构中的R-15性能的绝缘材料。本发明的材料作为防水屏障的使用，也同时满足由国际律例委员会（The International Code Council's , ICC）对建设住宅和商用建筑（包括住宅和学校，例如，ICC AC38）的规范和标准。据此，由于无需针对新的行业标准而增加墙体轮廓，建筑师无须为构建框架性的开口结构而采用额外的技术或支出额外的成本。
对于本发明的其它方面、特征和有益效果，将通过以下详述，简单地通过一系列具体实施例和实施方案（包括实现本发明的最佳实施例）呈现。同时，也可以修改本发明多方面的多个细节，由此通过其它不同的实施例来实现本发明，但这些均不脱离本发明的精神及保护范围。同时，应当承认的是，附图及其详述是作为本发明的阐释，而并非限制。
附图说明
本发明将通过多个实施例，结合以下详述及其相关的附图作出更为全面的呈现。然而，本发明的实施例是作为发明的解释和理解，而不能视为对本发明的限制。
图1为本发明一示例性实施例的低辐射房屋包覆材料的俯视图。
图2为本发明一示例性实施例的低辐射房屋包覆材料的截面图。
图3为本发明一示例性实施例的低辐射房屋包覆材料的剖视图。
图4为本发明一示例性实施例组装过程中的低辐射房屋包覆材料的俯视图。
图5为图4的组装过程中的低辐射房屋包覆材料的立体图。
图6为本发明一示例性实施例的连续组装过程中的低辐射房屋包覆材料的俯视图。
图7为图6的组装过程中的低辐射房屋包覆材料的立体图。
图8为本发明一示例性实施例组装后的低辐射房屋包覆材料的俯视图。
图9为本发明一示例性实施例组装前的低辐射房屋包覆材料的仰视图。
图10为本发明一示例性实施例组装过程中的低辐射房屋包覆材料的俯视图。
图11为本发明一示例性实施例组装后的低辐射房屋包覆材料的仰视图。
图12为本发明一示例性实施例的示例性外墙。
图13显示了将低辐射房屋包覆材料应用于如图12所示的示例性墙体结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明描述了一种低辐射房屋包覆材料。在以下的详述中，基于解释性的目的，本发明展示了多种具体的细节，以对示例性实施例作出全面的解释。然而，对于本领域技术人员来说，显然通过不同于这些具体细节的方法或者其它等同的设置，也同样可以实现本发明。
现参见附图，在这些附图中，相同的数字表示相同的或相应的部件。图1显示了本发明一示例性实施例的低辐射房屋包覆材料的俯视图。作为例子，附图显示了两片低辐射房屋包覆材料10，12。每片低辐射房屋包覆材料10，12可分别在各自的一端具有一翼部14，16。在低辐射房屋包覆材料的另一端可具有一粘带18，例如低辐射房屋包覆材料10上的粘带。在优选实施例中，低辐射房屋包覆材料10，12各自的上表面20，22，为反光材料，如一层强化箔材。
图2显示了低辐射房屋包覆材料12的截面图。低辐射房屋包覆材料12可保护一组产品部件，其包括，例如，反光箔材34，箔强化件26，以及泡沫材料28。在一个实施例中，反光材料可具有约99.4%抛光铝材的表面。要注意的是，反光材料可以含有具有任意适当含量铝材的表面，例如，大于约90%的含量，优选约90%至约99.9%的含量，更优选约99.0%至约99.9%的含量。反光箔材34可以是一侧未经强化的。而在另一侧，反光箔材34可含有箔强化件26，其包括，例如，网格布箔强化件（scrim foil reinforcing）30（例如见图3）。本领域中，网格布这一术语指的是含有相互交叉的塑料条材，用以在强化整个产品、防止拉裂片材。反光箔材34和箔强化件26可以覆盖于泡沫材料28并与其粘合。在标准环境试验条件下，网格布箔强化件30可使约宽1’’、长9’’ 的低辐射房屋包覆材料试样具备如下的抗拉强度：在机器方向（machine direction）上每英寸宽度约23磅，在跨机器方向（cross machine direction）每英寸宽度25磅。泡沫材料28用作聚烯烃热隔断，例如含有闭室聚乙烯泡沫的热隔断。在优选的实施方式中，聚烯烃热隔断的名义上的厚度为约1/4’’(0.25’’)。需要注意的是，名义上聚烯烃热隔断的厚度可以是任意适当的厚度，例如，大于约1/8’’(0.125’’), 并小于约3/8’’(0.375’’)。大于约1/4’’的厚度也在本发明的范围内。要注意的是，大于约1/4’’的厚度要求采用2×6规格的框架，而非传统的2×4规格的框架。低辐射房屋包覆材料12也可整合有一自粘性排水板（self adhered drainage plane）24，其特征将在以下进一步详述。
因此，本发明包括一层聚乙烯泡沫，其用来支持其他附加的元件层。聚乙烯泡沫，或者作为等同替代的聚丙烯泡沫，同属化学中的聚烯烃类，均可用于本发明。在所述泡沫层的一侧或两侧可间接粘合一层铝箔薄层。在铝箔层和泡沫层之间设有一层聚乙烯薄层。通过在铝箔层上粘合聚乙烯薄层，可以大幅度地提升其耐撕拉性能。该强化特征意味着终产品相对于现有技术的产品将具有更为广泛的应用。还可加入强化性的网格布层，以进一步提升产品的完整性。本发明的实践中，不同层之间可通过焰熔层压或热辊层压结合在一起。
在本发明的某些实施例和本发明的实践中，泡沫层的两侧都可覆盖有上述的薄层。因此，终产品的双侧同样地具有外置的铝箔层。由于产品的两个外侧表面是同样的，均可朝外使用，由此在使用和安装时都非常方便。由此获得的多层粘结的产品，可以在无需特殊工具或环境预防措施（现有技术多数时需要的）的情况下方便地卷起、运输和安装。
如图3所示，低辐射房屋包覆材料12具有孔32，这些孔间隔得足够开，以保证低辐射房屋包覆材料不形成蒸气屏障。在优选实施例中，低辐射房屋包覆材料中的孔由穿孔系统产生，该系统具有凸环机构（collar mechanism），其中每1.25平方英寸的序列上含有置于四个孔中的1/16’’穿孔器（punchers）。所述凸环机构安装于驱动辊组件上，以在低辐射房屋包覆材料上穿孔，以在终产品上形成1.25平方英寸穿孔样式。1.25平方英寸的穿孔样式使得低辐射房屋包覆材料12在维持有效的辐射率的同时，符合渗透率（perms）、水蒸气的透性要求以及防水要求。其独具一格，且不同于行业标准。在相关行业标准的许多应用中，是通过针在房屋包覆材料上形成微孔以透过蒸气。然而，在这些传统应用中，当这些微孔在高温环境时易于被重新封闭起来，从而封住湿气进而导致令人不悦的结果，如发霉或腐烂。而相反，本发明中所述的穿孔样式消除了处于高温环境时重新封闭的可能性。处于约(1.25’’)2的穿孔样式时，低辐射房屋包覆材料可获得优化的渗透率和水蒸汽透过率（约7个渗透值（perm）或40 g/天/m2）。由此，本发明的低辐射房屋包覆材料具有最佳的渗透率和水蒸汽透过率（约5-20个渗透值）。
本发明的低辐射房屋包覆材料复合反射绝缘材料标准规范（Standard Specification for Reflective Insulation），C1224-03，第6单元，6.1。其规定，“低辐射率材料（Low emittance materials）必须具有辐射率小于或等于0.10的表面，测试方法参照C1371”。具体而言，参照测试方法C1371的方法进行检测，本发明的低辐射房屋包覆材料具有小于等于0.10的辐射率，更具体地说，为约0.03至约0.05的辐射率。
据此，本发明的低辐射房屋包覆材料产品具有大约如下的性能参数：
Figure 804058DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
尽管如上所述的1/16’’大小的穿孔器以4个孔/1.25平方英寸的比率使用，并且代表了本发明众多优选实施方式之一，但是，也可使用其它大小的穿孔器以其它孔数比率（在给定面积上）。例如，穿孔器的直径可以调整至任意合适的大小，并调整孔数比率，以达到特定的建筑规范、规定或其它标准所要求的特定渗透率和辐射率标准。
建筑物包覆物组件热阻评估（The Evaluation of Thermal Resistance of a Building Envelope Assembly）所记载的系统的U-值显示了木框架墙体（2×4结构，16’’中心）的性能。U-值的计算是根据ASHRAE基础手册（ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamental）所概述的方法。这些系统的U-值性能所能达到的U值处于.051（砖块）、.056（乙烯类）及.063（石头），符合或超过了2010 IECC规范表格402.1.3所规定的对1-7区域的要求，或由其它规范所规定的等同的UA替换值（UA alternative value）。
翼部16如图3所显示。这相互交叠的凸缘作为自粘性排水板24起作用。在组装一个或多个低辐射房屋包覆单元时，翼部16可以覆盖另一低辐射房屋包覆单元的相接部分的边缘，从而密封边缘。例如，参见图4和5，低辐射房屋包覆材料的第一部分10置于低辐射房屋包覆材料的第二部分12附近。低辐射房屋包覆材料的第二部分12的翼部16可以设置在低辐射房屋包覆材料的第一部分10的边缘部分38之上。在一个实施例中，所述边缘部分38可以具有粘带18，用于粘住其上的翼部16。粘带18可以施用于上表面20，例如施用于反光箔材34。虽然粘带18已作为示意性目的被描述并呈现于附图中，但是任何可使翼部14保持在边缘部分38上，以在低辐射房屋包覆材料的相邻部分之间起到防水屏障作用的装置，都可应用于本发明。
参见图6和7，当准备将翼部16固定在边缘部分38上时，移除保护膜从而暴露出粘带18。如图8所示，翼部16接触粘带18，从而稳固地覆盖于边缘部分。这种组装形式在本发明低辐射房屋包覆材料的两个相邻部分之间提供了一道防水屏障，从而将相应的边缘有效地密封起来，使得从一个低辐射房屋包覆材料部分流过的水可流向另一个低辐射房屋包覆材料部分。
图9-10显示了相邻的低辐射房屋包覆材料的仰视图（有利位置）。同样的，低辐射房屋包覆材料的第一部分置于低辐射房屋包覆材料第二部分附近。低辐射房屋包覆材料第二部分12的翼部16设置在低辐射房屋包覆材料第一部分10的边缘部分38之上。边缘部分38可以具有一粘带18，用于将翼部16粘在其上。例如，当施加一足够大的力于翼部16上，使其接触粘带18时，翼部16被固定于边缘部分38之上，例如，如图11所示。从图11可以清楚地知道，在完成组装的结构中，第一低辐射房屋包覆材料10的泡沫材料边缘部分56邻接于第二低辐射房屋包覆材料12的泡沫材料边缘部分58。因此，组装后的部分在本发明低辐射房屋包覆材料的两个相邻部分之间提供了一道防水屏障。
为了改善新建及已有建筑的能量效率，本发明所述的低辐射房屋包覆材料用于覆盖外墙板，使其覆护有一层防渗屏障，例如，在安装覆材或外部装饰材料（如外壁面板、砖块、石头、砖瓦、灰泥和混凝土）之前，覆盖房屋包覆材料。本发明所述的低辐射房屋包覆材料同时可起到防止空气渗透和防止破坏性的湿气累积的作用。空气渗透可能发生于通常的建筑结构，如覆护物的裂缝、门窗周围的裂缝等部位。湿气可能通过渗漏的外部装饰材料或覆盖物，以及门窗的裂缝，累积于外部墙体空腔内。本发明的低辐射房屋包覆材料不会锁住水分，而是使其顺流而下从而排出墙体系统。
本发明所述的低辐射房屋包覆材料的安装程序包括例如ESP 低辐射®包覆膜用于外墙及主屏障下的技术手册所述的方法。ESP 低辐射®房屋包覆材料的技术手册在此一并提交，并通过引用将其内容合并进来。参见图12，作为示例性的外墙组件40正处于建设过程，并准备接纳本发明的低辐射房屋包覆材料。在该例子中，显示了窗户开口42。在优选的实施例中，在建好墙体并且安装好所有覆护物及遮雨板细节之后，使用低辐射房屋包覆材料。优选地，在门窗安装到框架开口之前，以及在安装主要墙体覆盖物之前，使用低辐射房屋包覆材料。
参见图13，第一低辐射房屋包覆材料施用于墙体组件40。 低辐射房屋包覆材料的反光面朝外安装。在一个优选实施例中，以一个优选的外墙40的一角作为起点，水平地铺开一卷低辐射房屋包覆材料。这卷材料的凸缘侧或翼部（如图1中的14，16）朝下安装。低辐射房屋包覆材料通过固定件48（如U形钉、帽钉，或其它任意合适的固定件）固定至外墙。优选地，每隔8-12’’的距离即采用一固定件。当水平地铺设另一卷低辐射房屋包覆材料44时，铺设的每卷低辐射房屋包覆材料的每个使用部分的泡沫端相互邻接在一起，由此另外铺设的低辐射房屋包覆材料44的凸缘52可以与其相邻的低辐射房屋包覆材料46的外缘50相交叠。这种安装方式可以确保侵入的水分沿着排水板（例如，图2的24）顺流而下。
在一个优选实施例中，凸缘52以约2’’的交叠长度覆盖于邻接的泡沫边缘。所述低辐射房屋包覆材料被安装得延伸出所有的窗台板至少约1’’。垂直或水平的裂缝区域采用合适的低辐射箔胶带进行密封。低辐射房屋包覆材料可以根据每个框架性开口的情况进行合适的细节性的调整，以适应每种门窗生产和/或规范标准。
一旦完成安装，可以进一步在低辐射房屋包覆材料上施用/安装合适的外部覆盖物。这些覆盖物可以包括但不限于，外壁面板、砖块、石头、砖瓦、灰泥和混凝土。本发明所述的低辐射房屋包覆材料提供了（除了其它事物之外）保护性的包覆物，其不仅适应新颁的行业性能量/规范规章改善了能量效率，并且在起到隔绝空气渗透的保护作用的同时，增强了对破坏性的湿气累积的排除能力。
而且，在本说明书及发明所公开的方法的提示下，本领域技术人员可以显而易见地作出本发明其它实施方式。本发明所记载的实施例中的多个方面和/或要素，可以单一地或以任意的组合实施。应当认为，本发明的说明书及实施方式仅作为示例，本发明的真正保护范围和精神所在记载于以下权利要求。

Claims (25)

1.一种柔性绝缘体，包括:
基底绝缘材料；
置于基底绝缘材料上的覆材；以及
多个孔，其中每个孔具有一个贯穿基底绝缘材料和覆材的开口。
2.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述孔在柔性绝缘体上以4孔/1.25平方英寸的比率设置。
3.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的孔成排设置，并且其中一排孔中的至少一个孔与另一排孔中的另一个孔偏移。
4.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的孔是由具有1/16’’穿孔器的穿孔系统产生的。
5.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的孔以重复的样式出现。
6.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的柔性绝缘体为低辐射材料。
7.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的基底绝缘材料含有闭室聚乙烯泡沫。
8.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的基底绝缘材料含有聚烯烃。
9.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的基底绝缘材料具有约0.25’’的厚度。
10.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的柔性绝缘体还含有强化材料，所述强化材料位于所述基底绝缘材料和所述覆材之间。
11.如权利要求10所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述强化材料包括网格布强化材料。
12.如权利要求11所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的网格布强化材料为所述柔性绝缘体提供如下的抗拉强度：在机器方向上约23磅/英寸宽度，在跨机器方向上25磅/英寸宽度；所述抗拉强度是由所述柔性绝缘体制成的试样的抗拉强度；所述试样的大小约为宽1’’×长9’’。
13.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的覆材包括铝。
14.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的覆材由约99.4%的抛光铝材制得。
15.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的强化材料和所述的覆材延伸超出所述的基底绝缘材料，形成翼部。
16.如权利要求15所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的翼部为自粘性排水板。
17.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的柔性绝缘体还含有粘性材料。
18.如权利要求17所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的柔性绝缘体还含有处于所述覆材上的保护膜，覆材和保护膜之间设有所述的粘性材料。
19.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的粘性材料以沿着所述柔性绝缘体的边缘的条带形式呈现，并且位于所述覆材的表面上。
20.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中还包括位于所述基底绝缘材料背面的第二覆材。
21.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述柔性绝缘体的渗透率和水蒸汽透过率约为7个渗透值或40g/天/m2。
22.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中根据测试方法C 1371，所述的柔性绝缘体具有小于或等于0.10的辐射率。
23.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中根据测试方法C 1371，所述的柔性绝缘体具有约0.03至约0.05的辐射率。
24.如权利要求1所述的柔性绝缘体，其中所述的覆材是反光的。
25.一种低辐射材料，包括：
基底绝缘材料，其中所述基底绝缘材料含有闭室聚乙烯泡沫或聚烯烃，并且其中所述基底绝缘材料的厚度为约0.25’’；
覆材，其含有置于所述基底绝缘材料之上的铝材；以及
多个孔，其中每个孔具有一个贯穿基底绝缘材料和覆材的开口。
CN2011800253264A 2010-05-21 2011-05-13 低辐射房屋包覆材料 Pending CN103124820A (zh)

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