CN103100028A - 有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明主要涉及有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,其特点是包括有如下重量份的原料:胡麻油350-525重量份、黄芪提取物10-20重量份、丹参提取物10-30重量份、五味子提取物10-30重量份、姜黄提取物10-30重量份、栀子提取物10-30重量份、金银花提取物10-30重量份、佛手提取物10-30重量份;本发明以传统中医药理论为指导,以中药现代研究成果为依托,精心选料,严谨组方,合理配伍,并添加保护肝损伤的天然成分使组方遵循疏肝解郁、疏散风热,凉血止痢、活血行气、泻火除烦。组方中黄芪增强免疫功能促进机体代谢;栀子泻火除烦;金银花凉血止痢;佛手疏肝解郁;姜黄通经止痛;五味子生津止渴;丹参活血调经;胡麻油软化血管,提高免疫力。组方从整体上改善身体状况,整体调理肝功能。
Description
技术领域:
本发明主要涉及有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术:
目前,有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的配方,已有报道,多以单一成份为主,有些产品常服用会出现负作用,且有使药性走偏的可能。
1、本发明以中医药理论为基础,以现代研究新成果为依托,精选原料,严谨组方,使配方具有舒肝利胆、清热利湿、解毒保肝等药理作用。方中黄芪、丹参配伍益气补血、活血;五味子、金银花、栀子、佛手配伍清热利湿、解毒保肝;姜黄、栀子、金银花配伍疏肝利胆、解郁。配方中诸药功效相似且互补,使功效倍增,是单一配方无法达到的。
2、本配方制剂时采用软胶囊剂型,有利于贮存、服用和消化吸收。
3、本配方选择原料后均以提取物配入,且溶剂为胡麻油,更增强了保护肝损伤的效果。有效成份确切、份量足;软胶囊剂型可有效防止氧化、酸败,且剂型高档、时尚。
4、本配方所选原料均为植物药提取物,功效确切、副作用小、安全可靠,是天然的保护肝佳品。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于避免现有技术的不足之处而提供一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊及其制备方法,以解决现有技术存在的问题。
本发明的目的可通过采用以下技术方案来实现:一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,其主要特点是包括有如下重量份的原料:胡麻油350-525重量份、黄芪提取物10-20重量份、丹参提取物10-30重量份、五味子提取物10-30重量份、姜黄提取物10-30重量份;
所述的有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,还包括有如下重量份的原料:栀子提取物10-30重量份、金银花提取物10-30重量份;
所述的有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,还包括有如下重量份的原料:佛手提取物10-30重量份;
一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊的制备方法,其主要特点在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料制备
将黄芪、丹参、五味子、佛手、金银花、栀子、姜黄分别进行精选,漂洗两次,淋去水分;在温度为60~80℃烘干1.5-2小时,使其水分为5-6%,粗粉碎后粒度为5-50mm加水是物料的8倍,浸提2-8小时,提取2次;将两次过滤液合 并,浓缩,在温度为60-80℃烘干1.5-2小时,使其含水分为5-6%;粉碎、过筛,粒度为0.1-0.5mm,为中药提取物细粉。
胡麻籽精选除去渣质;采用螺旋压榨机将精选胡麻籽压榨;再将胡麻油去渣,加水调节pH值5.5-6.5,在水温55-65℃,充分搅拌,然后沉淀两小时后除去水分即得精炼胡麻油;
(2)将胡麻油,黄芪、丹参、五味子、佛手、栀子、姜黄、金银花等提取物按比例混合均匀;
(3)混合均匀后按0.6g/粒装软胶囊;
(4)灭菌装瓶、装箱。
1、本发明的有益效果是:我们使用科学先进的方法筛选原料、严谨组方,经过各种原料及其化学成份、功能作用的检验,现汇总本发明的分析结果如下:
(1)胡麻油:
1>.胡麻油中含有对人体有益的不饱和脂肪酸,而且组成的比例适当,有利于人体吸收;
2>.尤其是富含可促进新陈代谢,改善毛细血管循环,带给肌肤细胞营养的γ型维他命E,γ型维他命是优异的抗氧化物质能有效地防止细胞老化;
3>.胡麻油中含有的油酸成分还被医学证实有抑制胃溃疡、气喘等疾病、防止肤质恶化,提高免疫力的作用;
4>.胡麻油里的α-亚麻酸能润燥、解毒、止痛、消肿又能降血脂、抗血凝、软化血管、补益大脑,对癌症、冠心病、糖尿病、前列腺癌等有预防和治疗的作用,所以我们只要长期食用胡麻油,就能给身体充分的防范资源,就能提升身体的免疫功能,所以胡麻油是食用油中的天然的最佳保健品。
发现α-亚麻酸的缺乏是上世纪70年代的事情,美国遗传学营养健康中心的创办人西莫普罗斯博士,从1984年开始研究ω-3脂肪酸饮食均衡问题,中国在90年代才开始研究,从营养和健康的角度为人类提供更为科学的饮食方式。ω-3脂肪酸理论的形成源于人体两大必需的脂肪酸:α-亚麻酸(ω-3脂肪酸)和亚油酸(ω-6脂肪酸)。研究发现,在人体摄入的脂肪中,如果这两组必需脂肪酸的比例小于1∶4,人体的机能将最为高效,降低诱发心血管、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖症、关节炎、哮喘等各类疾病的风险。
近年来,随着科学技术的进步,胡麻的营养价值和保健功能引起了医疗、食品、农业等许多领域科学家的关注。大量的研究结果表明,胡麻油是一种优质食用油,富含α一亚麻酸及各种不饱和脂肪酸,在人体内可直接转化成DHA和EPA。胡麻油中含55%的亚麻酸,这是植物油中最高的,是一种经济实用的“深海鱼油”。众所周知,“鱼油”指EPA和DHA,是由海里的α-亚麻酸(主要含在海藻中)在鱼的体内变成的。人服用α-亚麻酸(主要含在胡麻油中),在体内也会合成EPA和DHA。所以食用富含α-亚麻酸的胡麻油,就可以起到类似吃“鱼油”的效果;修复更新脑神经细胞膜的不饱和脂肪酸链,起到健脑、促智、降血脂、抗血小板聚集、扩张小动脉和预防血栓形成等。
(2)黄芪:
蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus Bunge var.mongolicus(Bunge)Hsiao为豆科(Leguminosae)黄芪属(Astragalus)植物,是我国传统中药。性甘,微温,归脾、肺经,具有补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌之功效。从黄芪中分离得到的化合物,主要有皂苷类,黄酮类,联苯衍生物,多糖等,现代药理学研究表明,黄芪的生物活性成分,以皂苷类,黄酮类最为重要。目前,对黄芪质量评价研究主要集中在指纹图谱的研究上,对黄芪活性成分的含量测定研究主要集中在黄芪甲苷的研究。黄芪中生物活性成分多样除了皂苷成分外黄芪黄酮类成分也具有显著的生物活性,单一活性成分的含量不能够反应黄芪的生物活性的全貌。为了对中药黄芪质量评价提供可靠的方法;也为指导临床合理用药提供依据,我们对黄芪中的主要活性成分进行制备,并以其作为对照品进行多活性组分含量测定。方法:采用现代色谱学技术包括硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、活性炭柱、制备液相等对黄芪提取物的正丁醇部分进行分离,单体成分采用波谱学手段鉴定。论文中以黄芪中6种主要生物活性成份为对照品,其中两种黄芪皂苷成分,包括黄芪甲苷(5)和黄芪皂苷II(6);四种黄芪黄酮成分,包括紫檀烷型黄酮-3葡萄糖苷(1),3’-羟基-5’-甲氧基异黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),7-羟基-4’-甲氧基异黄酮(12),7,3’-羟基-5’甲氧基异黄酮(13),应用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-PDAD-ELSD)联用技术,建立含量测定方法。结果与结论:得出化合物13个,分别是:紫檀烷型黄酮-3葡萄糖苷(1),异黄烷-7葡萄糖苷(2),3’-羟基-5’-甲氧基异黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),4’-甲氧基异黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡哺葡萄糖苷(4)黄芪甲苷(5)黄芪皂苷II(6),β-谷甾醇(7),十六烷酸(8),胡萝卜苷(9)腺嘌呤核苷(10),蔗糖(11),7-羟基-4’-甲氧基异黄酮(12),7,3’-羟基-5’甲氧基异黄酮(13)。论文中分别考察了6种主要成份在蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪中的含量差异,结果显示化合物13和6没有显著性差异,其他均有显著性差异。其中,膜荚黄芪中的化合物5,3,1均高于蒙古黄芪,蒙芪的化合物12高于膜荚黄芪。论文中还对黄芪甲苷的提取工艺进行深入研究,黄芪甲苷的转移率0.2%。
黄芪的功效主要有:①补气升阳:用于气虚引起的脱肛、子宫脱垂、崩漏、眩晕乏力等,并常与升麻、柴胡等同用。②固表敛汗:多用于体虚表弱所致的自汗。如表气不固,外感风寒而汗出,用黄芪配白术、防风治之,久服必效。③托疮排脓:用于疮疡久不溃破而内陷,有促进溃破及局限作用。用于疮疡溃破后,久不收口,有生肌收口之作用,且常配银花、皂刺、地丁等。④利尿消肿:用于阳气不足所致的虚性水肿,并常与防已、茯苓、白术等合而用之。
黄芪的作用主要有:
(1)增强免疫功能:黄芪能增强网状内皮系统的吞噬功能,使血白细胞及多核白细胞数量显着增加,使巨噬细胞吞噬百分率及吞噬指数显着上升,对体液免疫、细胞免疫均有促进作用。正常人服用后,血浆IgM,IgE显著增加,以全草效果最好。黄芪能促进血清溶血素形成,提高空斑形成细胞的溶血能力,具明显的碳粒廓清作用和增加脾重的作用。以上作用在正常的生理状态下存在,在免疫功能低下时同样有明显作用。黄芪对免疫功能低下不仅有增强作用,还有双向调节作用。黄芪的有效成分F3在体外试验中显示对癌症患者淋巴细胞功能有完全的恢复作用,在体内动物模型试验中显示出可全部逆转环磷酰胺造成的免疫抑制现象,提示黄芪成分在免疫治疗中可能是一种很有希望的生物反应调节剂。黄芪可 以提高淋巴因子(白介素一2)激活的自然杀伤细胞(LAK)的活性。
(2)对干扰素的作用:黄芪具有增强病毒诱生干扰素的能力。易感冒者在感冒流行季节服用黄芪,不仅可使感冒次数明显减少,而且可使感冒症状较轻,病程较短。
(3)增强机体耐缺氧及应激能力:黄芪多糖有明显的抗疲劳作用,能显着延长氢化可的松耗竭小鼠的游泳时间和增加肾上腺素重量,对小鼠多种缺氧模型均具有显着的耐受能力,可明显减少全身性耗氧以及增加组织耐缺氧能力。黄芪多糖有明显的耐低温作用,能使正常以及虚损小鼠的抗生存时间明显延长。
(4)促进机体代谢:黄芪可使细胞的生理代谢增强,这可能是通过细胞内cAMP,cGMP的调节作用来完成的。
(5)改善心功能:黄芪对正常心脏有加强收缩的作用,对因中毒或疲劳而衰竭的心脏,强心作用更显着,表现为可使心脏收缩振幅增大,排出血量增多。100%黄芪注射液可使离体心脏收缩加强、加快。黄芪能改善病毒性心肌炎患者的左心室功能,还有一定抗心律失常作用,可能是延长有效不应期所。
(6)降压作用:以黄芪煎剂、水浸剂、醇浸剂皮下或静脉注射于麻醉动物(犬、猫、兔),均可使血压下降,且作用迅速,持续时间短暂。降压作用是直接扩张外周血管的结果。将黄芪注射液注入实验犬的冠脉、椎动脉、肠系膜上动脉、脑血管、肠血管等内脏血管,可使血管阻力指数下降,但注入肾动脉,肾血管阻力指数反而增高,提示黄芪对肾血管的作用与对其他部位血管不同。
(7)保肝作用:黄芪能防止肝糖原减少,对小白鼠四氯化碳性肝炎有保护作用。黄芪对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性转阴也有一定作用,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。治疗慢性肝炎的临床有效率,肝郁脾虚型和肝肾阴虚型分别为92.1%和88.5%,均比对照组为优(P0.05),说明单用一味黄芪治疗慢性肝炎,显效率不理想。
现代药理研究发现,黄芪含有多糖、单糖、黄酮类、甜菜碱、叶酸、多种氨基酸、粘液质、树胶、纤维素和微量元素硒、硅等,对兴奋中枢神经系统、增强网状内皮系统的吞噬功能、提高抗病能力、改善心肺功能、扩张血管、降低血压、改善皮肤血液循环和营养状况、保护肝脏、防止肝糖减少、促进细胞的新陈代谢、利尿、健肾、降血糖、镇静、抗病毒、杀菌等方面,均有良好的作用。由于黄芪含有丰富的微量元素硒,还具有良好的抗癌和预防冠心病的作用。
老年人随着机体的衰老,红细胞的变形性能减弱,柔软的红细胞逐渐趋于钢性,不易变形。因此,老年人易患心血管疾病。科学家研究发现,黄芪在改善老年人的机体代谢及预防老年病方面,有着十分重要的作用。因此,经常用黄芪煎汤,泡水当茶饮,与糯米煮粥喝,炖母鸡煮黑豆、炖大豆,皆有良好的防病保健作用。
(3)丹参:
味苦、微辛,性微寒;心、脾、肝、肾血分之药;具有活血祛瘀,养血安神,凉血消肿的功效;主治瘀血头、胸、胁、腹疼痛,积聚,月经不调,痛经经闭,产后瘀滞腹痛,关节痹痛,跌打瘀肿,温病心烦,血虚心悸,疮疡肿毒,丹疹疥癣。用于胸肋胁痛,风湿痹痛,症瘕结块,疮疡肿痛,跌仆伤痛,月经不调,经闭痛经,产后瘀痛等。治疗胸肋疼痛、症瘕结块,以及月经不调、经闭经痛具有良效,常与川芎配伍应用。在治疗胸腹疼痛属于气滞血瘀方面,往往配合砂仁、檀香等药同用。
丹参的作用主要有:
1>.心血管系统的作用:①强心加强心肌收缩力、改善心脏功能,不增加心肌耗氧量;②对血管作用扩张冠脉,增加心肌血流量;③抗血栓形成,提高纤溶酶活性,延长出、凝血时间,抑制血小板聚集(提高血小板内cAMP水平抑制TXA2合成),改善血液流变学特性(血粘度降低、红细胞电泳时间缩短);④改善微循环。
2>.促进组织的修复与再生作用:①促进组织的修复与再生丹参制剂治疗:坏死心肌清除快;纤维母细胞分化、胶原纤维形成较明显;肉芽形成比较成熟。局部淤血减轻、血液循环改善,愈合时间缩短。②抑制过度增生对过度增生的纤维母细胞有抑制作用。
3>.保肝,改善微循环;病毒性肝炎是常见的消化道传染病,其发病率高,发展成慢性后治疗困难,预后较差。由于肝炎病毒引起肝脏损害的发病机理至今尚未十分清楚,故给肝炎治疗药物研究工作带来很大困难。有人估计目前世界各国用于肝炎治疗的药物有500余种之多,但事实上至今还没有一种药物是真正根治的。为了寻求理想的治疗药物,近十余年来,我国对中草药治疗肝炎进行了大量临床与实验研究工作,并取得了一定成绩。丹参就是其中代表药物之一。丹参为唇形科鼠尾草属植物(Salviamitiorrhiza Bge)的干燥根部。味苦、性微寒,人心肝二经。70年代起开始用于治疗病毒性肝炎,发现其对急性、慢性活动性、慢性迁延性,甚至一些用多种中西医肝炎。
4>.抗菌丹参制剂中含有隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮,对体外的葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、变性杆菌有抑制作用。
(4)五味子:
五味子,为木兰科植物五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.和华中五味子Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.的成熟果实。味酸、甘、性温,归肺、心、肾经,具有益气生津,补肾养心,收敛固涩之功效。五味子主含五味子素(五味子醇甲)、去氧五味子素(五味子甲素)、r-五味子素(五味子乙素)及五味子醇。其中五味子素为主要成分之一,含挥发油20%以上,油中主要成分为枸橼醛。尚含苹果酸、酒石酸、维生素A、维生素C、树脂、鞣质、糖类、精氨酸。种子尚含脂肪油约34%,其灰分含铁、锰、硅、磷等矿物质。
五味子醇提物及五味子甲素、乙素、丙素、醇甲、醇乙、酯甲、酯乙等对化学毒物引起的动物肝细胞损伤有明显保护作用,可抑制转氨酶的释放,使ALT活性降低。能明显诱导小鼠和大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P-450活性。增加肝脏解毒能力。五味子对CCl4经肝微粒体代谢转化后生成的一氧化碳及其在代谢过程中对NADPH的消耗亦能有抑制作用。
五味子的作用主要有:
1>.对中枢神经系统作用:五味子具有明显的镇静作用,五味子提取物和醇甲能减少小鼠自主活动,延长巴比妥睡眠时间、抑制动物攻击行为,对抗电休克和化学性惊厥,作用与安定药相似。尚有镇痛作用、肌肉松弛作用。
2>.保肝作用:降酶保肝作用:实验证明,五味子对四氯化碳等引起的动物血清谷丙转氨酶(CPT)升高有抑制作用。种仁的醇提取物能明显降低实验性肝损害所致的高血清转氨酶。而果肉或种仁的水煎剂无效。说明其降酶的有效成分在种仁中可被醇溶解,而不易溶于水。部分实验证明,用已分离出的单体r-五味 子素对肝细胞有一定保肝作用,并能加速肝组织再生。以四氯化碳造成肝损伤,经五味子制剂治疗后肝小叶坏死区缩小,含有脂肪油的肝细胞明显减少,水解酶类、氧化酶、脱氢酶明显恢复,与对照组比较,治疗组动物中央坏死区肝细胞内有较多的线粒体,进一步观察到应用五味子治疗的动物肝细胞中核酸、一般蛋白质、碱性蛋白质及结合的硫氨基的二硫基含量均较对照组高。所以认为五味子有助于肝细胞蛋白质的合成,从而使线粒体恢复和增加,相应的酶活性增高,肝细胞得以恢复和再生,发挥降酶保肝作用。有实验认为,五味子油乳剂能增高小鼠血浆、肝组织的AMP的含量,保肝作用是否通过增高CAMP而影响细胞代谢,值得进一步探讨。
3>.对心血管系统作用:五味子有扩血管作用。五味子素、五味子丙素、去氧五味子素等对于离体狗肠系膜动脉收缩均有抑制作用,能增加脉鼠离体心脏及麻醉狗冠脉血流量。用北五味子饲喂家兔能调节心肌细胞和心、肾小动脉的能量代谢,提高心肌代谢酶活性,改善心肌的营养和功能。
4>.延缓衰老作用:《本经》记载,五味子“主益气,补不足,强阴,益男子精”。五味子乙素、五味子酚均具有抗氧化作用,能清除自由基、抑制过氧化脂质形成。给老龄小鼠灌胃五味子水提液,可明显抑制脑和肝脏中MAO-B活性,增强SOD活性,降低MDA含量。五味子酚能直接对抗阿霉素所致的心脏线粒体毒性作用,抑制由维生素C-NADPH诱发的大鼠脑、肝、肾微粒体及线粒体的脂质过氧化,其作用比维生素E强。还能显著提高老年大鼠心肌细胞cAMP含量,使cAMP/cGMP比值升高,而使心脏活动增强。此外,五味子能降低血清胆固醇,增加脑和肝中蛋白质含量,均表明具有抗衰老作用。
5>.对呼吸系统作用:五味子能“收肺气”、“宁嗽定喘”。动物试验表明,五味子煎剂和五味子素有兴奋呼吸作用。五味子的酸性成分能使小鼠气管腺中中性粘多糖和酸性粘多糖减少,具有祛痰和镇咳作用。五味子能增强小鼠慢性支气管炎支气管上皮细胞功能。
6>.对代谢及免疫功能的作用:五味子能促进肝糖原的合成,使糖代谢加强,又能增加肝细胞蛋白质的合成。对淋巴细胞DNA合成有促进作用,使淋巴母细胞生成增多,并促进脾免疫功能,而五味子醇能增强肾上腺皮质激素的免疫抑制作用,能对抗同种异体组织移植排斥反应。
7>.抗溃疡作用五味子给大鼠灌胃,能抑制应激性溃疡的发生,使溃疡指数减少,并能抑制胃液分泌。
(5)栀子:
别名黄栀子、山栀、白蟾,是茜草科植物栀子的果实。目前,栀子的果实是传统中药,属卫生部颁布的第1批药食两用资源,具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、止血、消肿等作用,在中医临床常用于治疗黄疸型肝炎、扭挫伤、高血压、糖尿病等症。含多种环烯醚萜甙类成分,主要为栀子甙,即京尼平1-葡萄糖甙,含量高达6%,并含去羟栀子甙、京尼平-1-β-龙胆双糖甙、鸡矢藤次甙甲酯、栀子新甙、栀子酮甙、去乙酰车叶草甙酸甲酯等;另含番红花甙、番红花酸、熊果酸等.
药理作用:
1>.栀子提取物对正常大鼠可增加肝脏二磷酸脲苷葡萄糖脱氢酶的活力,减轻四氯化碳引起的肝损伤.
2>.京尼平、番红花甙及番红花酸均能使大鼠和兔的胆汁分泌量增加; 麻醉犬肠管内给药,胆汁排出量有增加.
3>.小鼠腹腔注射栀子醇提取物,能减少自发活动,且与环己巴比妥有协同作用.
4>.平板打洞法证明栀子对金黄色葡萄球菌、脑膜炎球菌、卡他球菌等有抑制作用.水浸液在体外对多种皮肤真菌有抑制作用,并有杀死钩端螺旋体及血吸虫成虫作用.
栀子的作用有:
1>.利胆作用:
栀子水提取液及醇提取液给予家兔口服,对输胆管导出的胆汁量及固形成分无影响,但有人用同样制剂注射于家兔,15~30分钟胆汁分泌开始增加,持续1小时以上。给兔静脉注射藏红花素和藏红花酸钠后,胆汁分泌量增加。栀子水煎剂或冲服剂给人口服后作胆囊拍片,证明服药后20及40分钟胆囊有明显的收缩作用。家兔总输胆管结扎后,口服栀子水提取液则血中胆红素减少,用药愈多,减少愈显著(如结扎后每隔24小时口服1次,则结果甚为明显),尤其连续服用适量药物以后结扎,所得效果最佳,醇提取液亦具有相同的作用,但较水提取液作用稍弱。桅子醇提取液注射于家兔,2小时血中胆红素较对照组稍增加,6小时后较对照组低,24~48小时后明显减少,藏红花素及藏红花酸钠亦有同样作用。在总胆管结扎的家兔,注射醇提取液,24小时末梢淋巴液中胆红素减少,藏红花素及藏红花酸钠亦有同样作用。栀子可用于胆道炎症引起的黄疸。实验观察栀子提取物的利胆作用和对D-半乳糖胺(D-GlaN)诱导的急性肝损伤模型小鼠的保肝作用。方法:①利胆实验:将50只大鼠分为正常组、阳性组(复方胆通片)、大量组(栀子提取物大剂量)、中量组(栀子提取物中剂量)、小量组(栀子提取物小剂量),每组10只。除正常组外,每天灌胃给药,共7d。大鼠预先灌胃给药7d后行胆总管插管术,以导管引出胆汁,4h内每隔0.5h计量胆汁流量。收集的胆汁检测总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、胆固醇(TC)的含量。②保肝实验:将60只小鼠分成正常组(等容量蒸馏水)、模型组(等容量蒸馏水)、阳性组(护肝片)、大量组(栀子提取物大剂量)、中量组(栀子提取物中剂量)、小量组(栀子提取物小剂量),每组10只。每天给小鼠灌胃1次,连续7d。末次药后1h,除第1组静滴生理盐水外,其他各组均按文献方法腹腔注射D-GlaN650mg/kg1次。24h后眼底静脉丛取血测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和TBIL,同时取肝脏用4%甲醛固定,做HE染色,进行病理组织学检查。结果:①栀子提取物促进大鼠胆汁流量,使TBIL和TC排泄增加;②使模型小鼠AIT活性下降,肝细胞坏死、肝细胞变性等明显改普。结论:栀子提取物具有明显的利胆作用和保肝作用。
2>.镇静、降压作用:小白鼠皮下注射栀子流浸膏,使自发活动减少闭目、低头、肌肉松弛,并能对抗戊四氮的惊厥,而不能对抗士的宁的惊厥,但能减少其死亡率,以流浸膏灰分作对照则未见以上作用。也有用以消除失眠及过度疲劳者。栀子煎剂和醇提取液对麻醉或不麻醉猫、大白鼠和兔,不论口服或腹腔注射,均有持久性降压作用,静脉注射降压迅速而维持时间短,其降压部位似在延脑副交感中枢。
3>.抗微生物作用:栀子水浸液在试臂内对许兰氏黄癣菌,腹股沟表皮癣菌、红色表皮癣菌等多种真菌有抑制作用,其水煎剂15毫克/毫升能杀死钩端螺旋体,在体外,栀子煎剂能使血吸虫停止活动,煎剂对细菌生长无抑制作用。
4>.其他作用:栀子醇提取液对家兔及大白鼠离体肠管平滑肌,低浓度兴奋, 高浓度抑制。去羟栀子甙对小鼠有泻下作用,其提取物制成油膏,可加速软组织的愈合。
(6)姜黄:
茎含姜黄素类化合物:姜黄素(curcumin),对,对-二羟基二桂皮酰甲烷(p,p-dihydroxydicinnamoyl methane),即双去甲氧基姜黄素(bisdemethoxycurcumin),对-羟基桂皮酰阿魏酰基甲烷(p-hydroxycinnamoylferuloylmethane),即去甲氧基姜黄素(demethoxycurcumin),二氢姜黄素(dihydrocurcumin);倍半萜类化合物:姜黄新酮(curlone),姜黄酮醇(turmeronol)A、B,大牻牛儿酮-13醛(germacrone-13-al),4-羟基甜没药-2,10-二烯-9-酮(4-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one),4-甲氧基-5-羟基甜没药-2,10-二烯-9-酮(4-methoxy-5-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one),2,5-二羟基-甜没药-3,10-二烯(2,5-dihydroxybisabola-3,10-diene),原莪术二醇(procurcumadiol),莪述双环烯酮(curcumenone),去氢莪述二酮(drhydrocurdione),(4S,5S)-大牻牛儿酮-4,5-环氧化物[(4S,5S)-germacron-4,5-epoxide],α-姜黄酮(α-turmerone),甜没药姜黄醇(bisacurone),莪述烯醇(curcumenol),异原莪述烯醇(isoprocurcumenol),莪述奥酮二醇(zedoaronediol),原莪述烯醇(procurcumenol),表原莪述烯醇(eiprocurcumenol),4,5-二羟基-甜没药-2,10-二烯(4,5-dihydroxybisabola-2,10-diene);酸性多糖:姜黄多糖(utonan)A、B、C、D。挥发油(4.2%),其主要成分有姜黄酮,芳香-姜黄酮(arturmerone),姜黄烯(curcumene),大牻牛儿酮(germacrone),芳-香姜黄烯(ar-curcumene),桉叶素(cineole),松油烯(terpinene),莪术醇(curcumol),莪述呋喃烯酮(curzerenone),
莪述二酮(curdione),α-蒎烯(α-pinene),β-蒎烯(β-pinene),柠檬烯(limonene),芳樟醇(linalool),丁香烯(caryophyllene),龙脑(borneol)等。还含菜油甾醇(campesterol),豆甾醇(stigmasterol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),胆甾醇(cholesterol),脂肪酸及金属元素钾、钠、镁、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌等,锌/铜=3.7
姜黄的作用有:
①.降血脂作用:姜黄醇或醚提取物、姜黄素和挥发油灌胃,对实验性高脂血症大鼠和家兔都有明显的降血浆总胆固醇和B-脂蛋白的作用,并能降低肝胆固醇,纠正a-和B-脂蛋白比例失调,但对内源性胆固醇无影响;对降血浆甘油三酯的作用更为显著,能使血浆中甘油三酯降低至正常水平以下。高蔗糖饮食能引起大鼠产生高脂血症,姜黄素能对抗此高脂血症产生。灌胃姜黄素能降低肝重,减少肝中甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸、磷脂含量及血清总甘油三酯、VLDL+LDL甘油三酯,HDL甘油三酯、VLDL+LDL胆固醇和血中游离脂肪酸的含量,也能提高血清总胆固醇和HDL胆固醇含量。用肝匀浆体外保温法,以14C-醋酸为底物试验,初步结果表明,姜黄素能抑制脂肪酸的合成。②.抗肿瘤作用::用鼠Dalton氏淋巴腹水瘤细胞进行组织培养及在体实验,姜黄醇提物能抑制癌细胞生长。在0.4mg/ml时能抑制中国仓鼠卵巢细胞生长,并对淋巴细胞和Dalton氏淋巴细胞具有细胞毒性作用,并能减少动物肿瘤的生长,其活性成分主要是姜黄素。在巴豆油促进下,7,12-二甲基苯蒽能诱发小鼠产生乳头癌,姜黄素可明显减少在此 情况下乳头癌产生的机会,也能抑制由20-甲基氯蒽诱导的肿瘤形成。姜黄素还能减少突变原致癌的可能性。姜黄素还能抑制TPA(12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)的诱癌作用。当局部应用10μmol/L姜黄素时,对由5nmol/L TPA诱发的鸟苷酸脱羧酶活性的抑制率达91%;10μmol/L的姜黄素与2nmol/L的TPA-起局部应用,对TPA激发的3H-胸腺嘧啶嵌合入表皮DNA中的抑制率为49%,其抑制率与浓度有关。因此,姜黄素可能作为一种抗癌剂。③.抗炎作用:姜黄素能对抗角义菜胶诱发的大鼠脚趾肿胀,在30mg/kg范围内有剂量依赖性,而剂量在60mg/kg时,则抑制这种抗炎作用。姜黄素钠可逆地抑制尼古丁、乙酰胆碱、5-羟色胺、氯化钡及组胺诱发的离体豚鼠回肠收缩,类似于非固醇类抗炎药。④.抗病原微生物作用:体外试验,姜黄素百分之一浓度时,对链球菌(Micrococuspyogenesvar.Aureus)有抑制作用。挥发油有强力抗真菌作用。姜黄能延长接种病毒小鼠的生存时间。⑤.对心血管系统的影响:姜黄素静脉注射对血压无明显影响,对肾上腺素、组胺和乙酰胆碱引起的血压亦无明显影响。用姜黄素灌胃能对抗垂体后叶素静脉注射引起的大鼠心电图S-T、T波变化,灌胃还能增加小鼠心肌营养性血流量。姜黄素对血小板聚集及血液粘度有明显影响,正常人体外实验姜黄素浓度为1×10(-4)mol/L,显著抑制血小板聚集,抑制率为35.4%(P<0.01)。大鼠灌胃5天后(剂量分别为20、40、60、80mg/(kg.天)与对照组相比,血小板聚集作用减弱,血浆粘度和全血粘度降低。其中以40mg/(kg.天)组抑制血小板聚集作用最强,抑制率为34.6%(P<0.05)。继续增加给药量,抑制作用未见进行性增强。在低切变率(37.5秒-1)条件下,降低全血和血浆粘度作用显著,而高切变率(150秒-1)时,无显著性差异。⑥.保肝利胆作用:姜黄提取物、姜黄素、挥发油、姜黄酮以及姜烯、龙脑和倍半萜醇等,都有利胆作用,能增加胆汁的生成和分泌,并能促进胆囊收缩,而以姜黄素的作用为最强。
目的:研究姜黄素的肝脏保护作用。方法:采用H22肝癌细胞移植模型、CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤模型和CCl4所致大鼠慢性肝损伤模型,检测移植小鼠瘤重、急性肝损伤小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平和大鼠血清ALT、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白、羟脯氨酸水平。结果:姜黄素可减轻肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠的瘤重,且对荷瘤小鼠白细胞的降低有一定的升高作用;姜黄素能显著降低CCl4所致小鼠血清ALT的升高,且对大鼠慢性肝损伤过程中的肝纤维化也有一定的保护作用。结论:姜黄素有一定保肝作用,但其机制需要进一步研究。
(7)金银花:
金银花,又名银花、金花、忍冬花、金藤花等。每当夏秋季来临,我国南北诸省的山区、丘陵,都有这种蔓藤爬攀植物,开黄白两色的鲜花,清香扑鼻,这就是“金银花”。花开时初为纯白,继而变黄,十分好看。采集该花颇有讲究,须在晴天清晨露水刚干时摘取,并及时晾晒或阴干,这样药效才佳。
金银花的作用:
1>.抗病原微生物作用:体外实验表明,花和藤对多种致病菌如金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、霍乱弧菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌等均有一定抑制作用,对肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、绿脓杆菌,结核杆菌亦有效。水浸剂比煎剂作用强,叶煎剂比花煎剂作用强。若和连翘合用,抗菌范围还可互补;与青霉素合用,能加强青霉素对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用,这可能是 在抑制细菌体内蛋白质合成上有协同的作用。有人认为绿原酸和异绿原酸是金银花主要的抗菌有效成分。
2>.抗炎和解热作用:腹腔注射金银花提取液0.25g/kg,能抑制大鼠角叉菜胶性脚肿。另有报道金银花注射液30-40g/kg能减轻蛋清性脚肿程度。腹腔注射金银花提取液8g/kg,2次/天,连续6天,对大鼠巴豆油性肉芽囊,也有明显抗渗出和抗增生的作用。早期报道金银花具有明显的解热作用,但用霍乱菌苗、马铃薯杆菌、枯草浸液等给家兔耳静脉注射,致热,未证实金银花煎剂5g/kg灌胃有退热作用,认为这可能和使用的金银花制剂、剂量或家兔的耐受性不同有关。
3>.加强防御机能作用:金银花煎剂稀释至1∶1280的浓度,仍能促进白细胞的吞噬功能。小鼠腹腔注射金银花注射液,也有明显促进炎性细胞吞噬功能的作用。
4>.中枢兴奋作用:经电休克、转笼等多种实验方法证明口服绿原酸后,可引起大鼠、小鼠等动物中枢神经系统兴奋,其作用强度为咖啡因的1/6,二者合用无相加及增强作用。
5>.降血脂作用:大鼠灌胃金银花2.5g/kg能减少肠内胆固醇吸收,降低血浆中胆固醇含量。体外实验也发现金银花可和胆固醇相结合,但四妙勇安汤(金银花、玄参、当归、甘草)治疗家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化。未观察到有降血脂和主动脉壁胆固醇含量的作用。
6>.抗内毒素:用鲎试验法测定内毒素含量,300%金银花(忍冬)注射液以1∶2-1∶64稀释,体外试验无论用凹片法或试管法,均明显降低试液中的内毒素含量,其中1∶2-1∶8的稀释管与阴性对照管一样呈液态,阳性对照呈凝胶状。金银花(忍冬)蒸馏液6g/kg静脉注射,对绿脓杆菌内毒互2.8mg/kg静脉注射引起的兔体温下降及白细胞数下降有对抗作用,金银花(忍冬)蒸馏液7.5g/kg或注射液2.5g/kg腹腔注射,对绿脓杆菌内毒素65mg/kg腹腔注射的小鼠有保护作用,减少小鼠死亡率。
7>.其它作用:曾有体外筛选实验报告金银花的水及酒浸液对肉瘤180及艾氏腹水癌有明显的细胞毒作用。金银花提取物口服对大鼠实验性胃溃疡有轻度预防效果。口服大剂量绿原酸能增加胃肠蠕动,促进胃液及胆汁分泌。绿原酸及其分解产物对大鼠离体子宫有兴奋作用。此外,绿原酸还能轻微增强肾上腺素及其去甲肾上腺素对猫和大鼠的升压作用,但对猫的瞬膜反应无影响。
(8)佛手:
佛手含挥发油、香豆精类化合物。主要成分有佛手内酯、柠檬内酯、橙皮苷、布枯叶苷(地奥明)等。佛手舒肝理气,和胃止痛。用于肝胃气滞,胸胁胀痛,胃脘痞满,食少呕吐。不仅有较高的观赏价值,而且具有珍贵的药用价值、经济价值。佛手全身都是宝,其根、茎、叶、花、果均可入药,辛、苦、甘、温、无毒,入肝、脾、胃三经,有理气化痰,止咳消胀、舒肝健脾和胃等多种药用功能。据史料记载,佛手的根可治男人下消、四肢酸软;花、果可泡茶,有消气作用;果可治胃病、呕吐、噎嗝、高血压、气管炎、哮喘等病症。据《归经》等载,佛手并具治鼓胀发肿病,妇女白带病及醒酒作用,是配制佛手中成药的主要原料。
佛手药理作用:
佛手醇提取物对肠道平滑肌有明显的抑制作用;有扩张冠状血管,增加冠脉血流量的作用,高浓度时抑制心肌收缩力、减缓心率、降低血压、保护实验性心 肌缺血;佛手有一定的平喘、祛痰作用;佛手多糖对多环节免疫功能有明显促进作用,可促进腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,明显对抗环磷酰胺所致的免疫功能低下。
经科学筛选后的上述配方与其它配方相比,经动物与人体临床实验见效性强,效果明显。
经动物实验,实验结论:小鼠经急性毒性LD50大于21.0g/KgBW,遗传毒性实验(Ams实验,微核试验,精子畸形实验)结果为阴性,30天喂药实验未发现有明显毒性作用,根据保健食品检验与评价技术规范(2003年版)毒理学评价程序中的判定标准,食试样品保护化学性肝损伤的软胶囊无明显毒性。
经人体实验,实验结论:30例肝损伤的受试者要求服用有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊30天,肝功能得到明显改善,及疏肝解郁、凉血止痢、活血行气疏散风热,又生津止渴、宁心安神、泻火除烦,同时也改善血液供氧循环,说明有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊对酒精性肝损伤有保护作用。有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊试食用后,血常规、尿常规及血生化指标均在正常范围,说明本品为受试者身体健康无不良影响。
有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊每日服用量为每日三次,每次两粒。主要食用人群为肝功能受损者。
本发明与现有的有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的配方相比有以下方面的突出特点:本发明采用复方形式,精心选料,严谨组方,追求整体改善人体状况,从疏肝解郁、疏散风热,凉血止痢、活血行气、泻火除烦等方面全面调整身体状况。人体气血运行通畅,代谢正常,肝功能才能增强。黄芪增强免疫功能促进机体代谢;栀子泻火除烦;金银花疏散风热,凉血止痢;佛手疏肝解郁;姜黄活血行气,通经止痛;五味子生津止渴,宁心安神;丹参活血调经,凉血;胡麻油软化血管,提高免疫力;组方从整体上改善身体状况,调节肝功能。
2、本发明工艺先进,剂型高档时尚。
本配方的相关原料经提取后调配,缩小了体积,便于生产,较为先进。选用胡麻油作溶剂,增强了本配方的功效。胡麻油含有很高的不饱和脂肪酸,亚麻酸含量在55%-60%,是天然保健食品,对心血管系统有保护作用,还有很广泛的保健作用,包括润燥、解毒、止痛、消肿。能调解血糖、血脂、血压,补脑、保护视力等。
采用软胶囊剂型,既能最大限度的保护有效成份,又能便于服用和消化吸收,剂型高档时尚。
与本类发明相关的现有保护化学性肝损伤的配方大部分采用黄芪、五味子、佛手等单一成分,而此类配方存在的问题是增效性较差,而本发明比较全面,配方增加了丹参、金银花、栀子、姜黄互补性强,增效性强。
具体实施方式:
以下所示之最佳实施例作进一步详述:
投料生产0.6g/粒软胶囊1000粒,有如下重量份组成:
实施例1,一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,包括:胡麻油495重量份、黄芪提取物20重量份、丹参提取物10重量份、五味子提取物20重量份、栀子提取物10重量份、姜黄提取物20重量份、金银花提取物15重量份、佛手提取物10重量份;
实施例2,一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,包括:胡麻油480重量份、黄芪提取物20重量份、丹参提取物10重量份、五味子提取物20重量份、栀子提取物30重量份、姜黄提取物20重量份、金银花提取物20重量份、佛手提取物10重量份;
实施例3,一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,包括:胡麻油507重量份、黄芪提取物10重量份、丹参提取物20重量份、五味子提取物15重量份、栀子提取物3重量份、姜黄提取物20重量份、金银花提取物15重量份、佛手提取物10重量份;
实施例4,一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,包括:胡麻油495重量份、黄芪提取物20重量份、丹参提取物10重量份、五味子提取物15重量份、栀子提取物20重量份、姜黄提取物10重量份、金银花提取物15重量份、佛手提取物15重量份;
实施例5,一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,包括:胡麻油460重量份、黄芪提取物20重量份、丹参提取物30重量份、五味子提取物10重量份、栀子提取物15重量份、姜黄提取物20重量份、金银花提取物25重量份、佛手提取物20重量份;
实施例6,一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,包括:胡麻油417重量份、黄芪提取物20重量份、丹参提取物23重量份、五味子提取物30重量份、栀子提取物30重量份、姜黄提取物25重量份、金银花提取物25重量份、佛手提取物30重量份;
实施例7,一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊的制备方法。包括如下步骤:
(1)原料制备
将黄芪、丹参、五味子、佛手、金银花、栀子、姜黄分别进行精选,漂洗两次,淋去水分;在温度为60~80℃烘干1.5-2小时,使其水分为5-6%,粗粉碎后粒度为5-50mm加水是物料的8倍,浸提2-8小时,提取2次;将两次过滤液合并,浓缩,在温度为60-80℃烘干1.5-2小时,使其含水分为5-6%;粉碎、过筛,粒度为0.1-0.5mm,为中药提取物细粉。
胡麻籽精选除去渣质;采用螺旋压榨机将精选胡麻籽压榨;再将胡麻油去渣,加水调节pH值5.5-6.5,在水温55-65℃,充分搅拌,然后沉淀两小时后除去水分即得精炼胡麻油;
(2)将胡麻油,黄芪、丹参、五味子、佛手、栀子、姜黄、金银花等提取物按比例混合均匀;
(3)混合均匀后按0.6g/粒装软胶囊;
(4)灭菌装瓶、装盒;
(5)检验合格后装箱入库、销售。
Claims (4)
1.一种有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,其主要特点是包括有如下重量份的原料:胡麻油350-525重量份、黄芪提取物10-20重量份、丹参提取物10-30重量份、五味子提取物10-30重量份、姜黄提取物10-30重量份。
2.如权利要求1所述的有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,还包括有如下重量份的原料:栀子提取物10-30重量份、金银花提取物10-30重量份。
3.如权利要求1和2所述的有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊,还包括有如下重量份的原料:佛手提取物10-30重量份。
4.如权利要求1和3所述的有利于降低酒精性肝损伤危害的软胶囊的制备方法,其主要特点在于,还包括如下步骤:
(1)原料制备
将黄芪、丹参、五味子、佛手、金银花、栀子、姜黄分别进行精选,漂洗两次,淋去水分;在温度为60~80℃烘干1.5-2小时,使其水分为5-6%,粗粉碎后粒度为5-50mm加水是物料的8倍,浸提2-8小时,提取2次;将两次过滤液合并,浓缩,在温度为60-80℃烘干1.5-2小时,使其含水分为5-6%;粉碎、过筛,粒度为0.1-0.5mm,为中药提取物细粉。
胡麻籽精选除去渣质;采用螺旋压榨机将精选胡麻籽压榨;再将胡麻油去渣,加水调节pH值5.5-6.5,在水温55-65℃,充分搅拌,然后沉淀两小时后除去水分即得精炼胡麻油;
(2)将胡麻油,黄芪、丹参、五味子、佛手、栀子、姜黄、金银花等提取物按比例混合均匀;
(3)混合均匀后按0.6g/粒装软胶囊;
(4)灭菌装瓶、装箱。
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Application publication date: 20130515 |