CN103077814B - A kind of mixing regulates superconductive controllable reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid adjustable superconducting controllable reactor, which comprises an iron core group, a superconducting control winding, a working winding, a superconducting short-circuit winding and a non-magnetic low-temperature Dewar; Spaced control winding cores, working winding cores and short-circuit winding cores, each winding core is seamlessly connected into a whole through the upper and lower core plates; the superconducting control winding and the superconducting short-circuit winding are placed in a non-magnetic In low-temperature Dewar, the short-circuit winding core can be composed of one or more iron core columns that are staggered in space, the working winding is used for direct connection with the grid, and the superconducting control winding is used for connection with the DC power supply. The present invention adopts step adjustment and continuous adjustment to cooperate with each other to realize the large-capacity continuous adjustment of the reactor. The inductance adjustment range of the working winding is large, the harmonic content is small, the winding loss is low, and the device is small in size, which can realize large-capacity continuous reactive power compensation for high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage power grids.

Description

A hybrid adjustable superconducting controllable reactor

technical field

The invention belongs to the reactor technology, in particular to a mixed regulation superconducting controllable reactor.

Background technique

The large-scale and complex power grid structure is an inevitable trend in the development of the power system. The increase in the proportion of high-voltage and ultra-high voltage transmission networks has put forward higher requirements for the safe and stable operation of the power system and power quality. The reactive power compensation device in the power system can improve the power flow distribution of the system, adjust the reactive power balance, reduce active power loss, maintain node voltage stability, suppress line overvoltage and overcurrent, and improve system stability. One of the most widely used reactive power compensation devices in power systems is the controllable reactor. By adjusting the reactance value, the reactive power is absorbed and the reactive power flow is controlled when the power system is faulty and light-loaded, so that the operating voltage of the power system can be stabilized and the transmission capacity can be improved.

Controllable reactors in the traditional sense are all made of normally conductive materials. At present, the development of controllable reactors in the traditional sense at home and abroad is relatively mature, mainly including turn-adjusting type, flux-adjusting type, switching type and inverter There are four types of controller control. Among them, the magnetic valve type and magnetic saturation type controllable reactor of the magnetic adjustment circuit type are the most widely used. Superconducting controllable reactors are manufactured based on the superconducting properties of superconducting materials. Compared with traditional controllable reactors, superconducting controllable reactors operating at low temperature have the advantages of small size, light weight and high efficiency. , large capacity, flame retardant, small harmonics and other advantages, greatly reducing the cost and space of the device, and improving the reactive power compensation capability and transmission capacity of the power system in the high-voltage and ultra-high voltage transmission network.

The superconducting controllable reactor based on superconducting material mainly includes two ways to adjust the reactance, one is the quench type superconducting controllable reactor, which is the superconducting fault current limiter in the traditional sense; the other is the superconducting controllable reactor. The first is the superconducting controllable reactor without loss of superconductivity, that is, during the adjustment process of the reactor, the superconducting material does not lose its superconductivity, and the adjustment is completed in a low temperature area such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.

The quench type superconducting controllable reactor utilizes the superconducting state (S)/normal state (N) transition characteristic of the superconductor. When the line is normal, the superconductor is in a superconducting state, and its reactance value is very small; when a fault occurs, it turns into a normal state, that is, quenching. At this time, the superconducting reactor has a large reactance, and the reactance value is realized. adjustable. Quench type superconducting controllable reactor is often used to limit fault current in practice. However, the disadvantage of the quench superconducting reactor is that the reactance cannot be continuously adjusted, and there are problems of quench protection and recovery after quench, which are more complicated to control in practical applications.

There are not many superconducting controllable reactors without loss at present, and they can be divided into discontinuous adjustable superconducting controllable reactors and continuously adjustable superconducting controllable reactors. At present, the most deeply researched discontinuous adjustable superconducting controllable reactor at home and abroad is the saturated iron core type superconducting controllable reactor. The research on continuously adjustable superconducting controllable reactors is still a frontier research topic in this discipline, especially the research on high-voltage and ultra-high voltage continuous adjustable superconducting controllable reactors, both in theory and engineering practice. It is very challenging, and some theoretical results have been initially obtained.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hybrid adjustable superconducting controllable reactor, the purpose is to compensate the reactive power of the power system with large capacity continuously adjustable, adjust the reactive power balance, reduce active power loss, suppress line overvoltage and overcurrent, Improve the power transmission capacity and stability of the system.

The hybrid adjustable superconducting controllable reactor provided by the present invention is characterized in that it includes an iron core group, a superconducting control winding, a working winding, a superconducting short-circuit winding and a non-magnetic low-temperature Dewar;

The core group includes control winding cores, working winding cores and short-circuit winding cores arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other. Each winding core is seamlessly connected as a whole through upper and lower core plates; superconducting control winding and superconducting Conductive short-circuit windings are placed in a non-magnetic low-temperature Dewar, and the short-circuit winding iron core can be composed of one or more iron core columns that are staggered in space. The working winding is used for direct connection with the grid, and the superconducting control winding is used for connecting with DC power connection.

The hybrid adjustment referred to in the present invention includes step adjustment and continuous adjustment, and the large-capacity continuous adjustment of the reactor is realized through the cooperation of the two adjustments. The step-by-step adjustment is realized by superconducting short-circuit windings. Through the open-circuit and short-circuit operation of each superconducting short-circuit winding, the magnetic field line path of the reactor is changed, and then the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the working winding is adjusted, and the inductance value of the working winding is adjusted step by step. Continuous regulation is achieved by superconducting control windings. The current of the superconducting control winding is provided by a DC power supply. By adjusting the current in the superconducting control winding, the magnetic saturation degree of the reactor core is changed, and the continuous adjustment of the inductance value of the working winding is realized. One side of the reactor core can adopt a structure with unequal window width, which increases the utilization rate of the window and reduces the space of the superconducting short-circuit winding; adopts the structure of seamless connection of multiple cores, which increases the working winding and the superconducting winding. The cross-sectional area of the iron core where the conductive control winding is located reduces the saturation degree of the reactor, thereby increasing the current adjustment range of the superconducting control winding, thereby increasing the continuous adjustment range of the inductance value of the working winding, and reducing the reactance Harmonic components of the device. The reactor adopts the adjustment method of step-by-step adjustment and continuous adjustment. The reactive capacity of the continuous adjustment is consistent with the reactive capacity of each gear of the step-by-step adjustment, and the reactive capacity of the step-by-step adjustment is input successively, which increases the reactive capacity adjustment range of the reactor. In addition, the control winding and short-circuit winding adopt superconducting magnets, which increases the flow capacity of the control winding and short-circuit winding, reduces the volume and loss of the winding, and thus increases the reactive capacity adjustment range of the reactor. The invention has the advantages of large adjustment range of working winding inductance, small harmonic content, low winding loss and small device volume, and can realize large-capacity continuous reactive power compensation for high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage power grids.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the 3D model diagram of the hybrid regulation superconducting controllable reactor that the example of the present invention provides;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the hybrid regulation superconducting controllable reactor provided by the example of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the iron core group of the hybrid regulation superconducting controllable reactor provided by the example of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the upper iron core plate of the mixed regulation superconducting controllable reactor iron core group provided by the example of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

The hybrid adjustable superconducting controllable reactor provided by the present invention includes an iron core group 1, a superconducting control winding 2, a working winding 3, a superconducting short-circuit winding 4 and a nonmagnetic low-temperature Dewar.

The iron core group 1 includes control winding iron cores, working winding iron cores and short-circuit winding iron cores arranged in parallel and spaced from each other in sequence, and each winding iron core is seamlessly connected as a whole through upper and lower iron core plates. Both the superconducting control winding 2 and the superconducting short-circuit winding 4 are placed in a non-magnetic low-temperature Dewar, and the short-circuit winding iron core can be composed of one or more iron core columns that are staggered in space. The working winding 3 is used for direct connection with the grid, and the superconducting control winding 2 is used for connection with the DC power supply.

The step-by-step adjustment is realized by the superconducting short-circuit windings. Through the open circuit and short-circuit operation of each superconducting short-circuit winding, the magnetic field line path of the reactor is changed, and then the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the working winding is adjusted to realize the step-by-step adjustment of the inductance value of the working winding. The continuous adjustment is realized by the superconducting control winding, and the current of the superconducting control winding is provided by the DC power supply. By adjusting the current in the superconducting control winding, the magnetic saturation degree of the reactor core is changed, and the continuous adjustment of the inductance value of the working winding is realized.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 show a short-circuit winding iron core consisting of four iron core columns and a mixed regulation superconducting controllable reactor.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the iron core group 1 includes an upper iron core plate 11 , a lower iron core plate 12 , a first side core column 13 , a middle iron core column 14 , and second to fifth side iron core columns 15 - 18 . The shape of the core legs 13 to 18 may be rectangular, cylindrical or the like.

As shown in Figure 4, the upper iron core plate 11 is a flat plate with double protrusions at one end, and the lower iron core plate 12 has the same structure as the upper iron core plate 12; The first side core column 13 is arranged between, the middle part of the upper and lower core plates 11, 12 is provided with a middle core column 14, and the four small ends of the ends of the upper and lower core plates 11, 12 have double protrusions The second to fifth side iron core columns 15-18 are respectively arranged between the parts, so that the second to fifth side iron core columns 15-18 are staggered in space, so as to facilitate the installation of windings.

The first side iron core column 13 is used as the control winding core, the middle iron core column 14 is used as the working winding iron core, and the second to fifth iron core columns 15, 16, 17, 18 are all used as the short circuit winding iron core. The first to fourth superconducting short-circuit windings 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 are wound on the second to fifth iron core legs 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 respectively.

The working winding 3 is directly connected to the grid, the superconducting short-circuit windings 41, 42, 43, 44 are connected in parallel, and the superconducting control winding 2 is connected to the DC power supply. The adjustment of the inductance value of the working winding 3 is realized by opening and shorting the superconducting short-circuit windings 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 and changing the DC current of the superconducting control winding 2 .

When the superconducting short-circuit windings 41, 42, 43, and 44 are all open, the DC current of the superconducting control winding 2 is changed, thereby changing the magnetic saturation degree of the reactor core, realizing continuous adjustment of the inductance value of the working winding, thereby adjusting The working current of the working winding 3, and then adjust the capacity of the reactor; at this time, the capacity of the reactor is in gear A. The superconducting short-circuit winding 41 is short-circuited, the superconducting short-circuit windings 42, 43, and 44 are all open, and the magnetic flux generated by the induced current of the superconducting short-circuit winding 41 cancels the original magnetic flux in the iron core column 15, thereby the superconducting short-circuit The magnetic field lines in the iron core column 15 where the winding 41 is located are extruded, changing the path of the magnetic field lines of the reactor, and then adjusting the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the working winding; changing the DC current of the superconducting control winding 2 again, thereby adjusting the working current of the working winding 3 , and then adjust the capacity of the reactor from gear A to gear B; short-circuit the superconducting short-circuit windings 41, 42, 43, and 44 in turn, so that the capacity of the reactor is between gears A, B, C, and D Continuous regulation. The advantage of this hybrid adjustment method is that step-by-step adjustment and continuous regulation cooperate with each other, and the capacity of continuous adjustment is consistent with the capacity of each step of step-by-step adjustment. As long as the number of steps for step-by-step adjustment is increased, the reactor capacity can be increased. Reactive capacity, to ensure that the reactive capacity of the reactor can be adjusted continuously.

Each component in the core group 1 is made of silicon steel sheets laminated. The silicon steel sheets are cold-rolled or hot-rolled, and can be directed or undirected. Considering the reduction of iron loss and temperature rise, the thickness of the silicon steel sheets is 0.2-0.35 mm. The material of the working winding 3 is general electrical material or superconducting material, and the winding method can be foil winding or wire winding. The superconducting control winding 2 and the superconducting short-circuit windings 41, 42, 43, 44 are made of superconducting materials, either low-temperature superconducting strips or high-temperature superconducting strips. The winding method can be cake winding or layer winding.

The iron core structure adopts the arrangement of multiple iron cores placed in parallel, which increases the cross-sectional area of the iron core column 13 and the iron core column 14. Under the same AC working current, the magnetic saturation degree of the reactor decreases and increases. The current adjustment range of the superconducting control winding 2 is increased, thereby increasing the continuous adjustment range of the inductance value of the working winding 3. The iron core of the reactor does not enter the deep saturation region, which reduces the harmonic component of the current in the working winding 3, thereby making the working current effect better. Both the upper iron core plate 11 and the lower iron core plate 12 have one side protruding, so that the width of the window of the iron core group is different, and the arrangement method of parallel placement is adopted, and the adjacent iron cores are staggered from each other, which increases the window of the iron core group Utilization rate, easy to process and make.

The superconducting control winding 2 and the superconducting short-circuit windings 41, 42, 43, 44 are all placed in the non-magnetic low-temperature Dewar, the refrigerant can be liquid nitrogen or liquid helium, and the cooling method can be immersion cooling or circulating cooling, or Direct refrigeration is adopted by the refrigerator.

The invention has the advantages of large adjustment range of working winding inductance, small harmonic content, low winding loss and small device volume, and can realize large-capacity continuous reactive power compensation for high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage power grids.

In this example, only the short-circuit windings containing only four superconducting coils are listed. In the actual product design, it can be designed according to the capacity and voltage level of the power system for the specific application of the hybrid adjustment superconducting controllable reactor. The number of superconducting short-circuit windings, the number of turns and the number of corresponding iron cores. In each case the superconducting short-circuit windings and the corresponding iron cores should be placed in parallel, with adjacent iron cores staggered from each other.

Example:

Taking the single-phase 220V/2.2kvar solution as an example to introduce the present invention, the design requires that the reactive power of the reactor vary from 50% to 100%. The reactance value and current variation range of the reactor are calculated as follows:

Reactive power is calculated by formula (1).

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

At the maximum output reactive capacity, that is, when Q=2.2kvar, the reactance value X _100% is

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \%</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 220</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2.2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Omega;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; twenty\; two</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Omega;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Operating current I _100% is

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; I</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \%</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2200</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 220</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; A</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

When outputting 50% reactive capacity, that is, Q=1.1kvar, the reactance value X _50% is

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 50</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \%</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 220</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Omega;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 44</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Omega;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The operating current I _50% is

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; I</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 50</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \%</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1100</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 220</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; A</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

It can be seen that when the reactive power of the reactor varies between 50%-100%, the range of its reactance value is 44Ω-22Ω, and the range of its operating current is 5A-10A. The structure of the design scheme is also shown in Figure 3, where the total number of turns of the working winding is 252 turns, the number of turns of each superconducting short-circuit winding is 80 turns, and the number of turns of the superconducting control winding is 180 turns.

By sequentially adjusting the open circuit and short circuit of the superconducting short-circuit winding and the current of the superconducting control winding, continuous adjustment of the working current can be obtained. The working control parameters of the reactor are shown in Table 1, wherein, the short circuit 1 refers to the short circuit of the superconducting short circuit winding 41, the short circuit 2 refers to the short circuit of the superconducting short circuit windings 41 and 42, and the short circuit 3 refers to the short circuit of the superconducting short circuit winding 41, 42 and 43 are all short-circuited, and short circuit 4 means that the superconducting short-circuit windings 41-44 are all short-circuited. It can be seen from Table 1 that the continuous adjustment range of the working current of the reactor is 7%-172%, exceeding the rated index of 50%-100%, the reactor can work normally and stably. Table 1 proves the feasibility and reliability of the new hybrid adjustable superconducting controllable reactor.

It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Table 1 Reactor control parameters

Claims (4)

1. A superconducting controllable reactor is characterized in that it comprises an iron core group (1), a superconducting control winding (2), a working winding (3), a superconducting short-circuit winding (4) and a nonmagnetic low temperature Dewar; The iron core group (1) includes control winding iron cores, working winding iron cores and short-circuit winding iron cores arranged in parallel and spaced from each other in sequence, each winding iron core is seamlessly connected into a whole through upper and lower iron core plates; superconducting control Both the winding (2) and the superconducting short-circuit winding (4) are placed in a non-magnetic low-temperature Dewar. The iron core of the short-circuit winding is composed of multiple iron core columns that are staggered in space. The working winding (3) is used for direct connection with the power grid. Connection, the superconducting control winding (2) is used to connect with the DC power supply; The short-circuit winding iron core is composed of four iron core columns that are staggered in space, and the iron core group (1) includes an upper iron core plate (11), a lower iron core plate (12), and a first side iron core column (13 ), the middle iron core column (14), and the second to fifth side iron core columns (15～18); the upper iron core plate (11) is a flat plate with double protrusions at one end, and the lower iron core plate (12) Same structure as the upper iron core plate (12); the first side iron core column (13) is provided between the non-protruding ends of the upper and lower iron core plates (11, 12), and the upper and lower iron core plates (11, 12) The middle part of 12) is provided with a middle iron core column (14), and the four small ends of the end with double protrusions of the upper and lower iron core plates (11, 12) are respectively provided with the second to fifth side iron cores Columns (15-18), so that the second to fifth side iron core columns (15-18) are staggered in space, the first side iron core column 13 is used as the control winding core, and the middle iron core column (14) is used as the working winding Iron core, the second to fifth iron core columns (15-18) are all used as short-circuit winding iron cores; the first superconducting short-circuit winding (41) is wound on the second iron core column (15), and the second superconducting short-circuit winding (42) is wound on the third iron core column (16), the third superconducting short-circuit winding (43) is wound on the fourth iron core column (17), and the fourth superconducting short-circuit winding (44) is wound on the fifth iron core column On the stem (18); The step-by-step adjustment is realized by the superconducting short-circuit winding (4). Through the open circuit and short-circuit operation of each superconducting short-circuit winding (4), the path of the magnetic force line of the reactor is changed, and then the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the working winding is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the inductance of the working winding. The step-by-step adjustment of the value; the continuous adjustment is realized by the superconducting control winding (2), the current of the superconducting control winding (2) is provided by the DC power supply, and the reactor core is changed by adjusting the current in the superconducting control winding (2). The degree of magnetic saturation realizes the continuous adjustment of the inductance value of the working winding. 2. The superconducting controllable reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the winding iron core in the iron core group (1) is rectangular or cylindrical, and the iron core material adopts cold-rolled or hot-rolled silicon steel sheet, silicon steel sheet The thickness is 0.2-0.35mm. 3. The superconducting controllable reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material of the working winding (3) is general electrical material or superconducting material, and the winding method is foil winding or wire winding. 4. The superconducting controllable reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the superconducting control winding (2) and the superconducting short-circuit winding (4) are wound in cake winding or layer winding.