CN103074111A - Equipment and technology for producing synthesis gas through cooperating outer cylinder air gasification with inner cylinder steam gasification - Google Patents
Equipment and technology for producing synthesis gas through cooperating outer cylinder air gasification with inner cylinder steam gasification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物质热转化技术领域，具体涉及一种外筒空气气化协同内筒水蒸气气化制备合成气的设备及工艺。它包括匀料装置（1）、进料口（2）、观察口（3）、外筒（4）、外筒内保温（5）、内筒（6）、水蒸气分布装置（7）、空气分布口（8）、排炭装置（9）、内筒引风机（10）、测温装置（11）、外筒引风机（12）、排灰装置（13）、除灰塔（14）、余热锅炉（15）、二氧化碳吸收塔（16）。本发明利用外筒空气气化协同内筒水蒸气气化达到能源自给，利用内筒高温自催化重整、水蒸气气化得到氢气和一氧化碳含量为85-90%的合成气。
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass thermal conversion, and specifically relates to an equipment and a process for preparing syngas by gasification of air in an outer cylinder and gasification of water vapor in an inner cylinder. It includes a leveling device (1), a feed port (2), an observation port (3), an outer cylinder (4), an inner heat preservation device (5), an inner cylinder (6), a water vapor distribution device (7), Air distribution port (8), carbon discharge device (9), inner cylinder induced draft fan (10), temperature measurement device (11), outer cylinder induced draft fan (12), ash discharge device (13), ash removal tower (14) , waste heat boiler (15), carbon dioxide absorption tower (16). The invention utilizes air gasification in the outer cylinder and water vapor gasification in the inner cylinder to achieve energy self-sufficiency, and utilizes high-temperature autocatalytic reforming and water vapor gasification in the inner cylinder to obtain synthesis gas with a hydrogen and carbon monoxide content of 85-90%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass thermal transformation technology field, be specifically related to equipment and the technique of the collaborative inner core steam gasification preparing synthetic gas of a kind of urceolus air gasification.
Background technology
The major equipment of biomass gasification technology has fixed bed and two kinds of vapourizing furnaces of fluidized-bed at present, fixed-bed gasification furnace is all take air gasification as main, the tar that produces in the gasification is difficult to remove, and contain 50% nitrogen nearly in the synthetic gas, cause gas heating value not high, fluidized-bed gasification furnace is generally also take air gasification as main, but there is equally the high problem of the coal-tar middle oil content of synthetic gas, to synthetic gas transportation and use bring obstruction, have only a few to adopt the double bed gasification, utilize inert media to conduct heat, carry out steam gasification, can improve flow rate, but because residence time of material is short, tar content is still higher.The vapourizing furnace that occurs has in the market exposed more problem in pilot scale and through engineering approaches process, make biomass gasification technology in extension process He in the commercial process, run into obstruction, the most fatal problem has two: the one, and the coal-tar middle oil removal of synthetic gas is the maximum bottleneck of biomass gasification technology, the at present coal-tar middle oil removal of industrial equipment is to utilize physics and mechanical means to combine, by spray, water-bath, condensation, the equipment clean synthetic gas such as separation, traditional this method can only be removed part tar in the combustible gas, still have quite a few tar to remain in the synthetic gas, greatest problem is a large amount of water source of waste in this way, produces easily a large amount of tar Heisui River and pollutes; The 2nd, in the biomass synthesis gas, a nitrogen content is more, has nearly accounted for 50%, has caused flow rate not high.
Synthetic gas is the gas mixture take carbon monoxide and hydrogen as main component, and synthetic gas is the synthetic unstripped gas of Fischer-Tropsch, and Fischer-Tropsch is synthetic mainly to be to be used for biomass liquid fuel in the Coal Chemical Industry, such as the main reaction of the industrial chemicals such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, diesel oil.Utilize the standby synthetic gas of biomass-making, thereby prolong the industrial chain of biomass utilization, for the further higher value application of biomass energy and biomass chemical industry are established important basis, to alleviating China's Pressure on Energy, realize that Sustainable development is significant.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention need to solve is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides the collaborative inner core steam gasification of a kind of urceolus air gasification to prepare equipment and the technique of synthetic gas.
In order to realize this purpose, the present invention is in conjunction with the biomass self character, and the operational characteristic such as gasification, catalytic reforming, invent a kind of urceolus air gasification and worked in coordination with equipment and the technique that the inner core steam gasification prepares synthetic gas, this equipment is a sealing member, urceolus and inner core share same opening for feed, but discharging and gas caterpillar separate, and do not affect mutually.The collaborative inner core steam gasification of a kind of urceolus air gasification of the present invention prepares the equipment of synthetic gas by even distributor (1), opening for feed (2), porthole (3), urceolus (4), insulation (5) in the urceolus, inner core (6), water vapour distribution apparatus (7), air distribution mouth (8), row's charcoal device (9), inner core induced draft fan (10), temperature measuring equipment (11), urceolus induced draft fan (12), ash exhauster (13), ash disposal tower (14), waste heat boiler (15), carbon dioxide absorption tower (16) consists of.Wherein even distributor (1), opening for feed (2), urceolus (4), air distribution mouth (8), row's charcoal device (9), temperature measuring equipment (11), urceolus induced draft fan (12) are connected and form the path of air gasification.Even distributor (1), opening for feed (2), inner core (6), water vapour distribution apparatus (7), inner core induced draft fan (10), ash exhauster (13) are connected and form the steam gasification path.Opening for feed (2), even distributor (1), inner core (6), inner core induced draft fan (10), ash disposal tower (14), waste heat boiler (15), carbon dioxide absorption tower (16) are connected successively and form by the former path of expecting biomass synthesis gas.Concrete operation step is in process of production: at first by opening for feed and even distributor, material is filled out urceolus 1/3 At The Height equably, then open gas blower, by the air distribution mouth with even air be distributed in the urceolus, then utilize inflammable substance that the material in the urceolus is lighted, and then the temperature according to temperature measuring equipment shows, control is to air capacity, making the urceolus heat-up rate is 90-100 ℃/h, constantly in urceolus, spread material simultaneously, until the urceolus temperature is when reaching 900 ℃, the urceolus bed depth is added to 3/4 place, must open the urceolus induced draft fan this moment, and by controlling the input of air, keep the urceolus temperature more than 900 ℃, then continue reinforced, until in, till urceolus is all filled it up with, then the charcoal device is arranged in unlatching, control row charcoal speed, the biomass charcoal of urceolus is discharged slowly, and slowly the temperature of urceolus is risen to about 1000 ℃, this moment the steam-gas inlet valve of fetching boiling water, water vapour is evenly distributed in by the water vapour distribution apparatus carries out gasification reaction in the inner core, the steam-gas inlet valve is opened the inner core induced draft fan simultaneously fetching boiling water, the water pump of ash disposal tower, the water circulating pump of carbon dioxide absorption tower and open ash exhauster according to detecting carbon monoxide and hydrogen component content in the crude synthesis gas and discharging carbon content in the ash, is adjusted the ash discharge speed of ash exhauster, whole equipment basic continous operation this moment, after waste heat boiler has the steam output, external steam to be switched with it, formation is marketed one's own products.After the basic operation, under the prerequisite that keeps 900-1000 ℃ of urceolus temperature, according to different raw materials, the mass ratio of urceolus air input and raw material input is controlled between the 0.4-0.7.The input of water vapour is controlled at 0.8-1.1t/h, and row's charcoal amount is 100-150kg/h, and the ash discharge amount is controlled at 30-40kg/h.Adopted the urceolus air gasification to work in coordination with the inner core steam gasification on the technique, the problem such as it is high to have solved the coal-tar middle oil content of gasification, and flow rate is low.The gasification reaction main purpose that occurs at urceolus is to provide thermal source for the reaction of inner core steam gasification, and the steam gasification of inner core and autocatalysis cracking have double effect, the first utilizes water vapour that biomass are gasified totally, make the carbon content in the biomass almost nil, it two is the metal oxides that utilize in the biomass, such as ferric oxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide, the materials such as magnesium oxide are as the catalytic reforming agent, at high temperature, in the simultaneous situation of water vapour and catalytic pyrolyzing agent, scission of link can occur in macromole tar, reforming reaction, become micromolecular mixed gas, and in the biological fuel gas methane also can with water vapour, the reaction such as carbonic acid gas generates carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbonic acid gas.This technique not only can solve the high problem of the coal-tar middle oil content of biological fuel gas, and has effectively solved and contain nitrogen in the combustible gas and cause fuel gases calorific value to hang down this problem.
Open steam valve described in the operation steps and in inner core, send water vapour, it is characterized in that the water vapour distribution apparatus is divided into three sections, first paragraph mainly is distributed in inner tube wall top, water vapour carries out transverse dispersion by inner tube wall to the center, second segment is distributed in center, inner core middle part, water vapour by the center up and down both direction carry out longitudinal diffusion, the 3rd section is isosceles trapezoid, be distributed in the bottom of inner core, water vapour by isosceles trapezoid to around the diffusion.In the production operation process, at first open the steam valve of inner core bottom, along with stablizing of time and passing and temperature, open gradually the steam valve on inner core middle part center steam valve and inner tube wall top.
Passing into air to urceolus described in the operation steps is to carry out air gasification, namely utilize airborne oxygen and material to carry out gasification reaction, produce a large amount of heats, keep the required temperature of air gasification on the one hand, provide thermal source by the heat transfer between heat radiation and steel and the material for inner core carries out steam gasification on the other hand.Because what urceolus occured is incomplete gasification, so carbon content has certain commercial use in the solid product about about 60%, can be used for doing charcoal for roasting, finally by row's charcoal device carry come out of the stove outside, pack after the cooling.
Steam gasification reaction and autocatalysis scission reaction that inner core described in the operation steps occurs, the steam gasification reaction is in order to obtain more hydrogen and carbon monoxide, can by it there be the enough gasification time by the control ash exhauster, make the complete steam gasification of biomass, can obtain more crude synthesis gas like this, impel in the crude synthesis gas cumulative volume content of carbon monoxide and hydrogen higher.And the autocatalysis scission reaction is the metal oxide that utilizes biomass self to contain, such as ferric oxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide, magnesium oxide etc., in high temperature and the simultaneous situation of water vapour, allow the macromole coke tar cracking become micromolecular mixed gas, and under ferrous oxide and high temperature, methane is easy to the water vapour reaction, generates carbon monoxide and hydrogen and three kinds of gases of carbonic acid gas.So not only can solve the high problem of the coal-tar middle oil content of biomass synthesis gas, and obtain more crude synthesis gas, also improve the calorific value of synthetic gas simultaneously.
The source of water vapour described in the operation steps is, water vapour is that little steam boiler is supplied with when opening stove, after equipment runs well, water vapour switches to thermal oil and crude synthesis gas and carries out that heat exchange obtains, crude synthesis gas must eliminate the ash in the synthetic gas by the ash disposal tower before entering heat-conducting oil pipes, prevent that dust is bonded on the heat pipe wall, affects heat transfer efficiency.Crude synthesis gas through heat exchange is sent into carbon dioxide absorption tower again, carbon dioxide absorption tower adopts buck atomizing spray and two kinds of modes that combine of bubble-cap, as far as possible with the carbon dioxide absorption in the crude synthesis gas, obtains smart synthetic gas, take hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main, account for more than 85% of its total amount.
Because the heat transmission between the biomass is slower; so urceolus diameter general control is at 1.8-2.2 rice; highly be 9-11 rice; the inner diameter of steel flue general control is at 1.1-1.4 rice; highly be 8-10 rice; be the work-ing life of protection whole plant, the urceolus temperature is controlled at 900-1000 ℃, and the inner core temperature is controlled at 850-900 ℃.
The present invention compared with prior art has following some advantage:
1. equipment of the present invention and technique do not contain nitrogen in the synthetic gas, and combustiblecomponents in the synthetic gas has been brought up to about 85% from about 50%.
2. equipment of the present invention and technique have been removed the tar in the synthetic gas and the calorific value that has improved synthetic gas effectively, can be used as domestic gas and use.
3. equipment of the present invention and technique, the synthetic gas that obtains is take hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main, can be directly uses as the raw material of synthetic liquid fuel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 sketch of the present invention.
1. even distributor, 2. opening for feed, 3. porthole, 4. urceolus, 5. insulation in the urceolus, 6. inner core, 7. water vapour distribution apparatus, 8. air distribution mouth, 9. row's charcoal device, 10. inner core induced draft fan, 11. temperature measuring equipments, 12. urceolus induced draft fans, 13. ash exhausters, 14. ash disposal towers, 15. waste heat boilers, 16. carbon dioxide absorption towers.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Take the biological particles of Ф 8-30mm as raw material, at first by opening for feed and even distributor, material is filled out urceolus 1/3 At The Height equably, then open gas blower, by the air distribution mouth with even air be distributed in the urceolus, then utilize inflammable substance that the material in the urceolus is lighted, and then the temperature according to temperature measuring equipment shows, control is to air capacity, making the urceolus heat-up rate is 90-100 ℃/h, constantly in urceolus, spread material simultaneously, until the urceolus temperature is when reaching 900 ℃, the urceolus bed depth is added to 3/4 place, must open the urceolus induced draft fan this moment, and by controlling the input of air, keep the urceolus temperature more than 900 ℃, then continue reinforced, until in, till urceolus is all filled it up with, then the charcoal device is arranged in unlatching, control row charcoal speed, the biomass charcoal of urceolus is discharged slowly, simultaneously also toward furnace charge, and slowly the temperature of urceolus is risen to about 1000 ℃, the steam-gas inlet valve of fetching boiling water this moment is evenly distributed in water vapour and carries out gasification reaction in the inner core by the water vapour distribution apparatus, the steam-gas inlet valve is opened the inner core induced draft fan simultaneously fetching boiling water, the water pump of ash disposal tower, the water circulating pump of carbon dioxide absorption tower and open ash exhauster according to detecting carbon monoxide and hydrogen component content in the crude synthesis gas and discharging carbon content in the ash, is adjusted the ash discharge speed of ash exhauster, whole equipment basic continous operation this moment, after waste heat boiler has the steam output, external steam to be switched with it, formation is marketed one's own products.After the normal operation, under the prerequisite that keeps 900-1000 ℃ of urceolus temperature, be controlled between the 0.58-0.62 according to different raw material urceolus air inputs and the mass ratio of raw material input.The input of water vapour is controlled at 0.92-1.0t/h, and row's charcoal amount is 120-140kg/h, and the ash discharge amount is controlled at 32-35kg/h.After testing, the content of hydrogen is 58.2% in the gas that obtains, and carbon monoxide is 25.3%, and carbonic acid gas is 6.8%, methane 0.5%.
Embodiment 2:
Take the thick wood chip as 40 * 20 * 8mm of length and width as raw material, at first by opening for feed and even distributor, material is filled out urceolus 1/3 At The Height equably, then open gas blower, by the air distribution mouth with even air be distributed in the urceolus, then utilize inflammable substance that the material in the urceolus is lighted, and then the temperature according to temperature measuring equipment shows, control is to air capacity, making the urceolus heat-up rate is 90-100 ℃/h, constantly spread material this moment in urceolus, until the urceolus temperature is when reaching 900 ℃, the urceolus bed depth is added to 3/4 place, must open the urceolus induced draft fan this moment, and by controlling the input of air, keep the urceolus temperature more than 900 ℃, then continue reinforced, until in, till urceolus is all filled it up with, then begin to arrange the charcoal device, control row charcoal speed, the biomass charcoal of urceolus is discharged slowly, simultaneously also toward furnace charge, and slowly the temperature of urceolus is risen to about 1000 ℃, the steam-gas inlet valve of fetching boiling water this moment is evenly distributed in water vapour and carries out gasification reaction in the inner core by the water vapour distribution apparatus, the steam-gas inlet valve is opened the inner core induced draft fan simultaneously fetching boiling water, the water pump of ash disposal tower, the water circulating pump of carbon dioxide absorption tower and open ash exhauster according to detecting carbon monoxide and hydrogen component content in the crude synthesis gas and discharging carbon content in the ash, is adjusted the ash discharge speed of ash exhauster, whole equipment basic continous operation this moment, after waste heat boiler has the steam output, external steam to be switched with it, formation is marketed one's own products.After the normal operation, under the prerequisite that keeps 900-1000 ℃ of urceolus temperature, be controlled between the 0.43-0.48 according to different raw material urceolus air inputs and the mass ratio of raw material input.The input of water vapour is controlled at 0.83-0.91t/h, and row's charcoal amount is 100-110kg/h, and the ash discharge amount is controlled at 30-35kg/h.After testing, the content of hydrogen is 52.6% in the gas that obtains, and carbon monoxide is 26.8%, and carbonic acid gas is 5.6%, methane 0.6%.
Claims (6)
1. a urceolus air gasification is worked in coordination with the equipment that the inner core steam gasification prepares synthetic gas, it is characterized in that being made of insulation (5), inner core (6), water vapour distribution apparatus (7), air distribution mouth (8), row's charcoal device (9), inner core induced draft fan (10), temperature measuring equipment (11), urceolus induced draft fan (12), ash exhauster (13), ash disposal tower (14), waste heat boiler (15), carbon dioxide absorption tower (16) in even distributor (1), opening for feed (2), porthole (3), urceolus (4), the urceolus; Even distributor (1), opening for feed (2), urceolus (4), air distribution mouth (8), row's charcoal device (9), temperature measuring equipment (11), urceolus induced draft fan (12) are connected and form the path of air gasification; Even distributor (1), opening for feed (2), inner core (6), water vapour distribution apparatus (7), inner core induced draft fan (10), ash exhauster (13) are connected and form the steam gasification path.
2. opening for feed (2), even distributor (1), inner core (6), inner core induced draft fan (10), ash disposal tower (14), waste heat boiler (15), carbon dioxide absorption tower (16) are connected formation successively by the former path of expecting biomass synthesis gas.
3. described a kind of urceolus air gasification is worked in coordination with the equipment that the inner core steam gasification prepares synthetic gas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that urceolus diameter 1.8-2.2 rice, height 9-11 rice, inner diameter of steel flue 1.1-1.4 rice, height 8-10 rice, the urceolus temperature is controlled at 900-1000 ℃, and the inner core temperature is controlled at 850-900 ℃.
4. described a kind of urceolus air gasification is worked in coordination with the working method that the inner core steam gasification prepares synthesis gas equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that at first by opening for feed and even distributor, material is filled out urceolus 1/3 At The Height equably, then open gas blower, by the air distribution mouth with even air be distributed in the urceolus, then utilize inflammable substance that the material in the urceolus is lighted, and then the temperature according to temperature measuring equipment shows, control is to air capacity, making the urceolus heat-up rate is 90-100 ℃/h, simultaneously constantly in urceolus, add material, until the urceolus temperature is when reaching 900 ℃, the urceolus bed depth is added to 3/4 place, must open the urceolus induced draft fan this moment, and by controlling the input of air, keep the urceolus temperature more than 900 ℃, then continue reinforced, until in, till urceolus is all filled it up with, then the charcoal device is arranged in unlatching, control row charcoal speed, the biomass charcoal of urceolus is discharged slowly, and slowly the temperature of urceolus is risen to about 1000 ℃, this moment the steam-gas inlet valve of fetching boiling water, water vapour is evenly distributed in by the water vapour distribution apparatus carries out gasification reaction in the inner core, in the steam-gas inlet valve of fetching boiling water, open inner core induced draft fan, the water pump of ash disposal tower, the water circulating pump of carbon dioxide absorption tower and open ash exhauster, according to detecting carbon monoxide and hydrogen component content and the carbon content of discharging in the ash in the crude synthesis gas, adjust the ash discharge speed of ash exhauster, whole equipment basic continous operation this moment is after waste heat boiler has the steam output, external steam is switched with it, and formation is marketed one's own products; After the basic operation, under the prerequisite that keeps 900-1000 ℃ of urceolus temperature, according to different raw materials, the mass ratio of urceolus air input and raw material input is controlled between the 0.4-0.7; The input of water vapour is controlled at 0.8-1.1t/h, and row's charcoal amount is 100-150kg/h, and the ash discharge amount is controlled at 30-40kg/h.
5. described a kind of urceolus air gasification is worked in coordination with the technique that the inner core steam gasification prepares synthetic gas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having adopted the urceolus air gasification to work in coordination with the inner core steam gasification, it is high to have solved the coal-tar middle oil content of gasification, the problem that fuel gases calorific value is low; The heat radiation that the urceolus air gasification produces is to the inner core wall, and spread to the center by inwall, as the thermal source of inner core steam gasification; Steam gasification reaction and autocatalysis scission reaction occur in inner core simultaneously, and it is hydrogen and carbon monoxide that two reactions cause the crude synthesis gas major ingredient of generation simultaneously
According to claim 1, the collaborative inner core steam gasification of described a kind of urceolus air gasification prepares the technique of synthetic gas, it is characterized in that the ash disposal tower removes the fine dust in the crude synthesis gas; Waste heat boiler is to utilize high-temperature crude synthesis gas and thermal oil to carry out heat exchange to prepare water vapour; Carbon dioxide absorption tower is that the carbonic acid gas in the crude synthesis gas is removed by the alkali absorption process.
6. described a kind of urceolus air gasification is worked in coordination with the technique that the inner core steam gasification prepares synthetic gas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that utilizing the method for urceolus air gasification that inner core is heated to 850-900 ℃, the water vapour of the high-temperature crude synthesis gas that utilizes the inner core output by the waste heat boiler preparation is passed in the inner core and gasifies; The crude synthesis gas that steam gasification obtains, through obtaining purer not only nonnitrogenous gas behind the ash disposal of ash disposal tower, waste heat boiler cooling and the carbon dioxide absorption tower, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen volume content reach 85% synthetic gas.
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| CN104673414A (en) * | 2015-02-01 | 2015-06-03 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for carrying out catalysis, gasification and methanation enrichment on coal |
| CN107557082A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-09 | 江门绿润环保科技有限公司 | A kind of synthesis gas reformer |
| CN110982556A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 陈嘉俊 | A equipment for hydrogen production |
| CN114774167A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-22 | 赣州市怡辰宏焰能源科技有限公司 | Gasifier leak protection is with feeding and air outlet pipeline mechanism |
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| CN114774167A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-22 | 赣州市怡辰宏焰能源科技有限公司 | Gasifier leak protection is with feeding and air outlet pipeline mechanism |
| CN114774167B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-04-11 | 赣州市怡辰宏焰能源科技有限公司 | Gasifier leak protection is with feeding and air outlet pipeline mechanism |
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| CN103074111B (en) | 2014-01-29 |
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