CN103008601B - Pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method - Google Patents
Pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 15
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置及方法，涉及一种放电等离子体压铸装置及方法，属于压铸技术领域；本发明的目的是为了解决现有压铸技术能耗高、所制备材料致密度低、脉冲放电烧结技术中脉冲放电温度和压力的不均匀导致不能制备复杂部件的问题；本发明包括进料杆、料斗盖、料斗、石墨模具、石墨电极、辅助模具、模具、导管，本发明是在传统压铸的基础上添加石墨模具、石墨电极、铜电极和石墨压头进行脉冲放电，原料采用加工残余的金属屑，或废旧金属碎片，将物料放入料斗后，推入石墨模具中，抽真空，两端施加强脉冲电流使物料融化，然后将熔融金属挤压入模具型腔成型；本发明主要应用在压铸技术领域中，有效利用废旧原料，以达到绿色环保的目的。
A pulse discharge assisted die-casting device and method, relating to a discharge plasma die-casting device and method, belonging to the field of die-casting technology; The inhomogeneity of pulse discharge temperature and pressure in sintering technology leads to the problem that complex parts cannot be prepared; the invention includes feed rod, hopper cover, hopper, graphite mold, graphite electrode, auxiliary mold, mold, conduit, and the invention is based on traditional die casting Add graphite mold, graphite electrode, copper electrode and graphite indenter on the basis of pulse discharge. The raw material is metal shavings or waste metal fragments. Put the material into the hopper and push it into the graphite mold. The end applies a strong pulse current to melt the material, and then extrudes the molten metal into the mold cavity to form; the invention is mainly used in the field of die-casting technology to effectively utilize waste materials to achieve the purpose of environmental protection.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种放电等离子体压铸装置及方法，属于压铸技术领域。The invention relates to a discharge plasma die-casting device and method, belonging to the technical field of die-casting.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的发展，人们对材料和能源的需求越来越大，一方面需要我们开发新能源和开采原材料，从可持续发展的角度，更需要从如何节约能源，和如何更充分利用原材料的角度来寻求新的解决办法。试想如果能够将用过的材料，例如铝做的可乐罐，加工后残留的切削屑，能够回收再利用，则能够有效应对以上问题。With the development of science and technology, people's demand for materials and energy is increasing. On the one hand, we need to develop new energy and mine raw materials. From the perspective of sustainable development, we need to learn more about how to save energy and how to make full use of raw materials. to find new solutions. Just imagine that if the used materials, such as aluminum coke cans, can be recycled and reused, the above problems can be effectively dealt with.
传统的压铸工艺是采用熔化的金属在冲头的作用下进入型腔后凝固成形，对于废金属就需要重新熔化，这就会因其氧化和材料损失。同时压铸时，需要对熔体进行保温，这就需要消耗较多的能量，如果能够将废金属屑直接熔化或制成半固态压铸，则能够更大限度的利用材料。采用传统加热方式将金属屑加热，存在加热时间长，效率低，所制备材料致密度低，氧化严重等问题。这些金属屑如果重熔，由于具有较大的比表面积，在加热时会发生严重的氧化，一不利于合金成分的控制，会引入杂质，另外也造成了材料的浪费。The traditional die-casting process is to use the molten metal to enter the cavity under the action of the punch and then solidify and form. For scrap metal, it needs to be re-melted, which will cause oxidation and material loss. At the same time, during die-casting, the melt needs to be kept warm, which requires more energy consumption. If scrap metal chips can be directly melted or made into semi-solid die-casting, the material can be utilized to a greater extent. Using traditional heating methods to heat metal shavings has problems such as long heating time, low efficiency, low density of prepared materials, and severe oxidation. If these metal shavings are remelted, due to their large specific surface area, they will be severely oxidized when heated, which is not conducive to the control of alloy composition, will introduce impurities, and also cause waste of materials.
脉冲放电过程除具有热压烧结的焦耳热和塑性变形促进烧结过程外，还在粉末颗粒间产生直流脉冲电压，并有效利用了粉体颗粒间放电产生的自发热作用。因而产生了一些脉冲放电过程所特有的有利于加热的现象。第一，由于脉冲放电产生的放电冲击波以及电子、离子在电场中反方向的高速流动，可使粉末吸附的气体逸散。粉末表面的起始氧化膜在一定程度上被击穿，使粉末得以净化、活化；第二，由于脉冲是瞬间、断续、高频率发生，在粉末颗粒未接触部位产生的放电热，以及粉末颗粒接触部位产生的焦耳热，都大大促进了粉末颗粒原子的扩散，其扩散系数比通常热压条件下的要大得多，从而达到粉末的快速熔化；第三，On-Off快速脉冲的加入，使粉末内的放电部位及焦耳发热部件，都会快速移动，使粉末的加热能够均匀化。In addition to the Joule heat of hot pressing sintering and plastic deformation to promote the sintering process, the pulse discharge process also generates DC pulse voltage between powder particles, and effectively utilizes the self-heating effect generated by the discharge between powder particles. As a result, there are some phenomena that are unique to the pulse discharge process and are conducive to heating. First, due to the discharge shock wave generated by pulse discharge and the high-speed flow of electrons and ions in the opposite direction in the electric field, the gas adsorbed by the powder can escape. The initial oxide film on the surface of the powder is broken down to a certain extent, so that the powder can be purified and activated; second, because the pulse is instantaneous, intermittent, and high-frequency, the discharge heat generated at the uncontacted part of the powder particles, and the powder The Joule heat generated at the particle contact part greatly promotes the diffusion of powder particle atoms, and its diffusion coefficient is much larger than that under the usual hot-pressing conditions, thereby achieving rapid melting of the powder; third, the addition of On-Off fast pulses , so that the discharge part in the powder and the Joule heating part will move quickly, so that the heating of the powder can be uniformed.
然而对实际生产来说，由于脉冲放电时温度的不均匀分布，此外，由于该过程中加载的压力为轴向单方向，或双方向压力，压力不均匀，难以制备形状复杂的零部件，束缚了该技术的应用，需要对设备进行改进，以消除烧结时样品中温度和压力分布不均的现象；需要增加其多功能性和脉冲电流的容量，以满足制备大尺寸产品的需要；由于目前应用脉冲放电进行粉末烧结时受到压力，模具的限制，难于制备一些大型，形状复杂材料；也需要研制比目前使用的模具材料石墨强度更高、重复使用率更好的新型模具材料，以提高模具的承载能力和降低模具的费用。However, for actual production, due to the uneven distribution of temperature during pulse discharge, in addition, because the pressure loaded in the process is one-way or two-way pressure in the axial direction, the pressure is not uniform, and it is difficult to prepare parts with complex shapes. Without the application of this technology, it is necessary to improve the equipment to eliminate the phenomenon of uneven temperature and pressure distribution in the sample during sintering; it is necessary to increase its versatility and pulse current capacity to meet the needs of preparing large-scale products; due to the current When applying pulse discharge for powder sintering, it is limited by pressure and mold, so it is difficult to prepare some large-scale and complex-shaped materials; it is also necessary to develop a new mold material with higher strength and better reusability than the currently used mold material graphite, so as to improve the mold quality. The bearing capacity and reduce the cost of the mold.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决现有压铸技术能耗高、所制备材料致密度低、脉冲放电烧结技术中脉冲放电温度和压力的不均匀导致不能制备复杂部件的问题，本发明提供了一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置及方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of high energy consumption of the existing die-casting technology, low density of prepared materials, and the inhomogeneity of pulse discharge temperature and pressure in the pulse discharge sintering technology, which leads to the inability to prepare complex parts. The present invention provides a pulse discharge sintering technology. Discharge assisted die casting device and method.
一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置，它包括进料杆、料斗盖、料斗、石墨模具、石墨电极、辅助模具、模具、导管，所述的料斗盖与料斗为轴连接，所述的辅助模具设有腔体、出料口和进料口，在所述腔体内设置有石墨电极，所述石墨电极为带有通孔的平板结构，该石墨电极能够在腔体内上下移动，所述辅助模具的侧壁上固定有铜电极，该铜电极与石墨电极始终电连接，辅助模具固定在模具的进料口一侧，且辅助模具的出料口与模具的进料口连通；所述导管的一端插入辅助模具的进料口内、且与辅助模具固定连接，所述导管的一端内壁上嵌入固定有圆筒形的石墨模具，该石墨模具沿导管轴向的长度为L1，导管的侧壁上固定有料斗，且料斗的底部与导管的内腔连通，该料斗临近辅助模具的一侧与该辅助模具之间的直线距离大于L1，所述进料杆的一端带有石墨压头，进料杆的另一端为铜电极，带有石墨压头的一端插入导管内，辅助模具的腔体与料斗的内腔通过真空管连通，模具的型腔、辅助模具的腔体、料斗的内腔与导管的内腔形成连通的空间。A pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device, which includes a feed rod, a hopper cover, a hopper, a graphite mold, a graphite electrode, an auxiliary mold, a mold, and a conduit, the hopper cover and the hopper are connected by a shaft, and the auxiliary mold is provided with A cavity, a material outlet and a material inlet. A graphite electrode is arranged in the cavity. The graphite electrode is a flat plate structure with a through hole. The graphite electrode can move up and down in the cavity. The side of the auxiliary mold A copper electrode is fixed on the wall, and the copper electrode is always electrically connected with the graphite electrode. The auxiliary mold is fixed on the side of the feed inlet of the mould, and the outlet of the auxiliary mold is connected with the feed inlet of the mould; one end of the conduit is inserted into the In the feed port of the auxiliary mold and fixedly connected with the auxiliary mold, a cylindrical graphite mold is embedded and fixed on the inner wall of one end of the conduit. The length of the graphite mold along the axial direction of the conduit is L1, and the side wall of the conduit is fixed with a material hopper, and the bottom of the hopper communicates with the inner cavity of the conduit, the linear distance between the side of the hopper near the auxiliary mold and the auxiliary mold is greater than L1, one end of the feed rod has a graphite pressure head, and the feed rod The other end is a copper electrode, and the end with a graphite indenter is inserted into the catheter. The cavity of the auxiliary mold is connected with the inner cavity of the hopper through a vacuum tube. The cavity of the mold, the cavity of the auxiliary mold, the inner cavity of the hopper and the inner cavity of the catheter The cavities form connected spaces.
所述的石墨电极位于辅助模具的进料口与出料口之间，用于隔离所述进料口和出料口。The graphite electrode is located between the feed port and the discharge port of the auxiliary mold for isolating the feed port and the discharge port.
所述的石墨电极的通孔位于辅助模具的进料口与出料口之间，使得辅助模具的进料口与出料口连通。The through hole of the graphite electrode is located between the feed port and the discharge port of the auxiliary mold, so that the feed port and the discharge port of the auxiliary die communicate with each other.
所述辅助模具的进料口的内径小于出料口的内径。The inner diameter of the feed port of the auxiliary mold is smaller than the inner diameter of the discharge port.
所述的石墨电极的通孔的两端分别与辅助模具的进料口和其出料口相对，且该通孔与进料口相邻的一端的内径与所述进料口的内径相同，该通孔与出料口相邻的一端的内径与所述出料口的内径相同。The two ends of the through hole of the graphite electrode are respectively opposite to the feed port of the auxiliary mold and its discharge port, and the inner diameter of the end of the through hole adjacent to the feed port is the same as the inner diameter of the feed port, The inner diameter of the end of the through hole adjacent to the discharge opening is the same as the inner diameter of the discharge opening.
采用所述的脉冲放电辅助压铸装置实现压铸的方法，所述压铸的方法的过程为，首先使石墨电极的通孔位于辅助模具的进料口与出料口之间，使得石墨电极隔离辅助模具的进料口和出料口；Adopt the described pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device to realize the method of die-casting, the process of described die-casting method is, at first make the through-hole of graphite electrode be positioned between the feeding port and the discharge port of auxiliary mould, make graphite electrode isolate auxiliary mould The inlet and outlet of the material;
通过料斗向导管的内腔添加物料，然后将料斗盖盖严，对模具的型腔、辅助模具的腔体、其出料口、料斗的内腔和导管的内腔组成的连通空间抽真空，使得真空达到0.1MPa～10-2Pa，此时，物料位于石墨压头、石墨模具和石墨电极形成的密闭空间中；Add materials to the inner cavity of the conduit through the hopper, then cover the hopper tightly, and evacuate the connected space composed of the cavity of the mold, the cavity of the auxiliary mold, its outlet, the inner cavity of the hopper, and the inner cavity of the conduit. Make the vacuum reach 0.1MPa ~ 10 -2 Pa, at this time, the material is located in the closed space formed by the graphite indenter, graphite mold and graphite electrode;
在石墨模具、石墨电极和石墨压头间通脉冲电流，加热物料，当物料全部熔化后，保持电流不变，0～10分钟之后移动石墨电极，使石墨电极的通孔位于辅助模具的进料口与出料口之间，使得辅助模具的进料口和出料口连通；Pass pulse current between the graphite mold, graphite electrode and graphite indenter to heat the material. When the material is completely melted, keep the current constant. After 0-10 minutes, move the graphite electrode so that the through hole of the graphite electrode is located at the feed of the auxiliary mold. Between the mouth and the discharge port, the feed port and the discharge port of the auxiliary mold are connected;
推动进料杆将熔融的金属液通过石墨电极的通孔以及辅助模具的出料孔进入到模具的型腔内，在推动进料杆的过程中控制进料杆的压力在0～200Mpa，等待模具的型腔内的熔融的金属液凝固后，完成压铸。Push the feed rod to bring the molten metal into the cavity of the mold through the through hole of the graphite electrode and the discharge hole of the auxiliary mold. During the process of pushing the feed rod, control the pressure of the feed rod at 0-200Mpa, wait for After the molten metal in the cavity of the mold solidifies, die casting is completed.
所述脉冲电流的脉冲频率是5～200Hz，脉冲电流的电流大小是200～8000A的直流脉冲电。The pulse frequency of the pulse current is 5-200Hz, and the current magnitude of the pulse current is a DC pulse current of 200-8000A.
本发明是在传统压铸的基础上添加石墨模具、石墨电极、铜电极和石墨压头进行脉冲放电。原料采用加工残余的金属屑，或废旧金属碎片，将物料放入料斗后，推入石墨模具中，抽真空，两端施加强脉冲电流使物料融化，然后将熔融金属挤压入模具型腔成型。The invention adds graphite mould, graphite electrode, copper electrode and graphite pressure head on the basis of traditional die-casting to perform pulse discharge. The raw material is metal shavings left over from processing, or waste metal fragments. After putting the material into the hopper, push it into the graphite mold, vacuumize, apply a strong pulse current at both ends to melt the material, and then squeeze the molten metal into the cavity of the mold for forming. .
本发明实现了压铸法节约能耗15％～30％，能制备复杂构件，制备的材料密度提高2％～10％、性能好。The invention realizes energy saving of 15%-30% by the die-casting method, can prepare complicated components, increases the density of the prepared material by 2%-10%, and has good performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述的一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pulse discharge assisted die-casting device according to the present invention;
图2是具体实施方式六所述的压铸方法进行对物料加热的过程中，物料加热时的状态示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the state when the material is heated during the process of heating the material by the die-casting method described in Embodiment 6;
图3是具体实施方式六所述的压铸方法进行对物料加热后，将物料熔化后保持电流不变时的物料状态示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of the material when the current is kept constant after the material is melted by the die-casting method described in Embodiment 6 after heating the material;
图4是具体实施方式六所述的压铸方法将熔化后物料推入模具后固定成形时的物料状态示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the state of the material when the molten material is pushed into the mold and then fixed and formed by the die-casting method described in Embodiment 6.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：参见图1说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述的一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置，它包括进料杆1、料斗盖2、料斗3、石墨模具5、石墨电极6、辅助模具7、模具8、导管12，所述的料斗盖2与料斗3为轴连接，所述的辅助模具7设有腔体9、出料口10和进料口，在所述腔体9内设置有石墨电极6，所述石墨电极6为带有通孔的平板结构，该石墨电极6能够在腔体9内上下移动，所述辅助模具7的侧壁上固定有铜电极1-1，该铜电极1-1与石墨电极6始终电连接，辅助模具7固定在模具8的进料口一侧，且辅助模具7的出料口10与模具8的进料口连通；所述导管12的一端插入辅助模具7的进料口内、且与辅助模具7固定连接，所述导管12的一端内壁上嵌入固定有圆筒形的石墨模具5，该石墨模具5沿导管12轴向的长度为L1，导管12的侧壁上固定有料斗3，且料斗3的底部与导管12的内腔连通，该料斗3临近辅助模具7的一侧与该辅助模具7之间的直线距离大于L1，所述进料杆1的一端带有石墨压头1-2，进料杆1的另一端为铜电极1-1，带有石墨压头1-2的一端插入导管12内，辅助模具7的腔体9与料斗3的内腔通过真空管连通，模具8的型腔、辅助模具7的腔体9、料斗3的内腔与导管12的内腔形成连通的空间。Specific Embodiment 1: Refer to Fig. 1 to illustrate this embodiment, a pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device described in this embodiment, which includes a feed rod 1, a hopper cover 2, a hopper 3, a graphite mold 5, a graphite electrode 6, an auxiliary Mold 7, mold 8, conduit 12, described hopper cover 2 and hopper 3 are shaft-connected, and described auxiliary mold 7 is provided with cavity 9, material outlet 10 and feed inlet, and in described cavity 9 A graphite electrode 6 is provided, and the graphite electrode 6 is a plate structure with a through hole, and the graphite electrode 6 can move up and down in the cavity 9, and a copper electrode 1-1 is fixed on the side wall of the auxiliary mold 7, The copper electrode 1-1 is electrically connected with the graphite electrode 6 all the time, the auxiliary mold 7 is fixed on the feed inlet side of the mold 8, and the discharge port 10 of the auxiliary mold 7 communicates with the feed inlet of the mold 8; the conduit 12 One end of one end is inserted in the feed inlet of auxiliary mold 7, and is fixedly connected with auxiliary mold 7, on the inner wall of one end of described conduit 12, is embedded with and fixed with cylindrical graphite mold 5, and the length of this graphite mold 5 along the axial direction of conduit 12 is L1, a hopper 3 is fixed on the side wall of the conduit 12, and the bottom of the hopper 3 communicates with the inner cavity of the conduit 12, and the linear distance between the side of the hopper 3 adjacent to the auxiliary mold 7 and the auxiliary mold 7 is greater than L1, so One end of the feed rod 1 has a graphite indenter 1-2, the other end of the feed rod 1 is a copper electrode 1-1, and the end with the graphite indenter 1-2 is inserted into the conduit 12, and the cavity of the auxiliary mold 7 Body 9 communicates with the cavity of hopper 3 through a vacuum tube, and the cavity of mold 8 , the cavity 9 of auxiliary mold 7 , the cavity of hopper 3 and the cavity of conduit 12 form a connected space.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一所述的一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置的区别在于，所述的石墨电极6位于辅助模具7的进料口与出料口10之间，用于隔离所述进料口和出料口10。Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and the pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device described in Embodiment 1 is that the graphite electrode 6 is located between the feed port and the discharge port 10 of the auxiliary mold 7. To isolate the inlet and outlet 10.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一所述的一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置的区别在于，所述的石墨电极6的通孔位于辅助模具7的进料口与出料口10之间，使得辅助模具7的进料口与出料口10连通。Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and the pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device described in Embodiment 1 is that the through hole of the graphite electrode 6 is located between the feed port and the discharge port 10 of the auxiliary mold 7 Between, make the feed port of auxiliary mold 7 communicate with discharge port 10.
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一所述的一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置的区别在于，所述辅助模具7的进料口的内径小于出料口10的内径。Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and the pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device described in Embodiment 1 is that the inner diameter of the feed port of the auxiliary mold 7 is smaller than the inner diameter of the discharge port 10 .
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式三所述的一种脉冲放电辅助压铸装置的区别在于，所述的石墨电极6的通孔的两端分别与辅助模具7的进料口和其出料口10相对，且该通孔与进料口相邻的一端的内径与所述进料口的内径相同，该通孔与出料口10相邻的一端的内径与所述出料口10的内径相同。Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and the pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device described in Embodiment 3 is that the two ends of the through hole of the graphite electrode 6 are respectively connected to the feed port of the auxiliary mold 7 and its The discharge port 10 is opposite, and the inner diameter of the end of the through hole adjacent to the feed port is the same as the inner diameter of the feed port, and the inner diameter of the end of the through hole adjacent to the discharge port 10 is the same as that of the feed port. 10 have the same inner diameter.
具体实施方式六：参见图2、图3和图4说明本实施方式，本实施方式是采用具体实施方式一所述的脉冲放电辅助压铸装置实现压铸的方法，所述压铸的方法的过程为，首先使所述的石墨电极6的通孔位于辅助模具7的进料口与出料口10之间，使得石墨电极6隔离辅助模具7的进料口和出料口10；Specific Embodiment 6: Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 to illustrate this embodiment. This embodiment is a method for realizing die-casting by using the pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device described in Specific Embodiment 1. The process of the die-casting method is as follows: Firstly, the through hole of the graphite electrode 6 is positioned between the feed port and the discharge port 10 of the auxiliary mold 7, so that the graphite electrode 6 isolates the feed port and the discharge port 10 of the auxiliary die 7;
通过料斗3向导管12的内腔添加物料，然后将料斗盖2盖严，对模具8的型腔、辅助模具7的腔体9、其出料口10、料斗3的内腔和导管12的内腔组成的连通空间抽真空，使得真空达到0.1MPa～10-2Pa，此时，物料位于石墨压头1-2、石墨模具5和石墨电极6形成的密闭空间中；Add materials to the inner cavity of the conduit 12 through the hopper 3, then the hopper cover 2 is tightly covered, and the cavity 9 of the mold 8, the cavity 9 of the auxiliary mold 7, its discharge port 10, the inner cavity of the hopper 3 and the cavity of the conduit 12 Vacuumize the connected space formed by the inner cavity, so that the vacuum reaches 0.1MPa ~ 10 -2 Pa. At this time, the material is located in the closed space formed by the graphite indenter 1-2, the graphite mold 5 and the graphite electrode 6;
在石墨模具5、石墨电极6和石墨压头1-2间通脉冲电流，加热物料，当物料全部熔化后，保持电流不变，0～10分钟之后移动石墨电极6，使石墨电极6的通孔位于辅助模具7的进料口与出料口10之间，使得辅助模具7的进料口和出料口10连通；Pass pulse current between graphite mold 5, graphite electrode 6 and graphite indenter 1-2 to heat the material. The hole is located between the feed port of the auxiliary mold 7 and the discharge port 10, so that the feed port of the auxiliary die 7 communicates with the discharge port 10;
推动进料杆1将熔融的金属液通过石墨电极6的通孔以及辅助模具7的出料孔进入到模具8的型腔内，在推动进料杆1的过程中控制进料杆1的压力在0～200Mpa，等待模具8的型腔内的熔融的金属液凝固后，完成压铸。Push the feed rod 1 to pass the molten metal into the cavity of the mold 8 through the through hole of the graphite electrode 6 and the discharge hole of the auxiliary mold 7, and control the pressure of the feed rod 1 during the process of pushing the feed rod 1 At 0-200Mpa, after waiting for the molten metal in the cavity of the mold 8 to solidify, die casting is completed.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式六所述的一种脉冲放电辅助压铸方法的区别在于，所述脉冲电流的脉冲频率是5～200Hz，脉冲电流的电流大小是200～8000A的直流脉冲电。Embodiment 7: The difference between this embodiment and the pulse discharge assisted die-casting method described in Embodiment 6 is that the pulse frequency of the pulse current is 5-200 Hz, and the current magnitude of the pulse current is a direct current of 200-8000 A. Pulse electricity.
本实施方式中，除了在石墨压头1-2间施加压力外，还施加了直流脉冲放电，此过程中除了焦耳热和加压造成的塑性变形促进烧结过程外，还在粉末颗粒间产生直流脉冲电压，在脉冲电流作用下颗粒间产生放电，激发等离子体，通过有效利用粉体颗粒间放电产生的自发热作用，该装置产生了一些特有的有利于粉末快速熔化的现象。第一，由于脉冲放电产生的放电冲击波以及电子、离子在电场中反方向的高速流动，可使粉末吸附的气体逸散，粉末表面的起始氧化膜在一定程度上被击穿，使粉末得以净化、活化；第二，由于脉冲是瞬间、断续、高频率发生，在粉末颗粒未接触部位产生的放电热，以及粉末颗粒接触部位产生的焦耳热，都大大促进了粉末颗粒原子的扩散，其扩散系数比通常热压条件下的要大得多，从而达到粉末快速熔化；第三，On-Off快速脉冲的加入，使粉末内的放电部位及焦耳发热部件，都会快速移动，使粉末的加热能够均匀化。使脉冲集中在晶粒结合处是直流脉冲电施加过程的一个特点。直流脉冲电施加过程中，颗粒之间放电时，会瞬时产生高达几千度至1万度的局部高温，从而加速颗粒的熔化，综合来看，该装置的实施过程可以看作是颗粒放电、导电加热和加压综合作用的结果。In this embodiment, in addition to applying pressure between the graphite indenters 1-2, a DC pulse discharge is also applied. In this process, in addition to the plastic deformation caused by Joule heat and pressure to promote the sintering process, DC is also generated between the powder particles. Pulse voltage, under the action of pulse current, discharges are generated between particles, and plasma is excited. By effectively utilizing the self-heating effect generated by the discharge between powder particles, the device produces some unique phenomena that are conducive to the rapid melting of powder. First, due to the discharge shock wave generated by pulse discharge and the high-speed flow of electrons and ions in the opposite direction in the electric field, the gas adsorbed by the powder can escape, and the initial oxide film on the surface of the powder is broken down to a certain extent, so that the powder can Purification and activation; second, because the pulse is instantaneous, intermittent, and high-frequency, the discharge heat generated at the non-contact part of the powder particles and the Joule heat generated at the contact part of the powder particles greatly promote the diffusion of the powder particle atoms. Its diffusion coefficient is much larger than that under the usual hot pressing conditions, so as to achieve rapid melting of the powder; third, the addition of On-Off fast pulses makes the discharge parts and Joule heating parts in the powder move quickly, so that the powder Heating can be homogenized. Concentrating the pulses at the junctions of grains is a characteristic of the DC pulse application process. During the application of DC pulse electricity, when the particles are discharged, a local high temperature of up to several thousand degrees to 10,000 degrees will be generated instantaneously, thereby accelerating the melting of the particles. On the whole, the implementation process of the device can be regarded as a particle discharge, The result of the combined action of conductive heating and pressurization.
脉冲放电过程中，颗粒之间放电时，会瞬时产生高达几千度至1万度的局部高温，在颗粒表面引起蒸发和熔化；在颗粒接触点形成颈部，由于热量立即从发热中心传递到颗粒表面和向四周扩散，颈部快速冷却而使蒸汽压低于其他部位；晶粒受脉冲电流加热和垂直单向压力的作用、体扩散、晶界扩散都得到加强，加速了致密化过程。During the pulse discharge process, when the particles are discharged, a local high temperature of up to several thousand degrees to 10,000 degrees will be generated instantaneously, causing evaporation and melting on the surface of the particles; a neck is formed at the contact point of the particles, because the heat is immediately transferred from the heating center to the The surface of the particles diffuses to the surroundings, and the neck is cooled rapidly so that the vapor pressure is lower than other parts; the crystal grains are heated by pulse current and vertical unidirectional pressure, the bulk diffusion and grain boundary diffusion are all strengthened, and the densification process is accelerated.
本发明将压铸技术和脉冲放电烧结技术相结合，利用脉冲放电使得金属屑快速加热达到熔化或半固态的状态，利用压铸技术将熔融或半固态的金属液加压成型。这样可以实现废物利用，例如加工后剩余的切削屑，使用后的金属，等作为原材料；实现节能减排，由于脉冲放电的效率高，可以降低金属熔化的能耗；制备性能优良的材料，由于脉冲放电所制备的材料具有组织均匀，晶粒细小从而使得材料的性能得到提高；制备结构复杂的零部件，脉冲放电烧结由于受到压力和模具的限制不能制备复杂构件，但利用压铸可以将脉冲放电后的金属压力下成型来制备复杂件，并实现连续生产。The invention combines die-casting technology with pulse discharge sintering technology, utilizes pulse discharge to rapidly heat metal shavings to a molten or semi-solid state, and utilizes die-casting technology to pressurize molten or semi-solid molten metal. In this way, waste utilization can be realized, such as remaining cutting chips after processing, used metals, etc. as raw materials; energy saving and emission reduction can be realized, and the energy consumption of metal melting can be reduced due to the high efficiency of pulse discharge; materials with excellent performance can be prepared due to The material prepared by pulse discharge has a uniform structure and fine grains, which improves the performance of the material; to prepare parts with complex structures, pulse discharge sintering cannot prepare complex components due to the limitations of pressure and molds, but pulse discharge can be used by die casting. The final metal is formed under pressure to prepare complex parts and realize continuous production.
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