CN103004894A - Biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits and preparation method of biopesticide - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a biological pesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits and a preparation method thereof. The pesticide includes the extract liquid concentrate of the stem and leaf part of bean stalks, a synergist and water, which account for 100% of the total weight of the pesticide. The contents are respectively: 5-20% of the extract concentrate of the stem and leaf part of the bean stalk, 5-10% of the synergist, and water as the balance. The active substance used in the present invention can be derived from agricultural waste, bean crop stalks, has no pollution to the environment, is safe for humans and animals, has low cost, and does not have problems such as pesticide residues. The production of fruit green organic food has high economic significance and experimental value. The invention is easy to operate, and recycles the agricultural waste, and realizes sustainable development and circular economy.

Description

Biological pesticide for preventing and treating melon and fruit powdery mildew and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural fungicides, in particular to a biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits prepared from discarded stem and leaf parts of leguminous plants and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Powdery mildew is an important plant disease that can infect a variety of crops such as barley, wheat, watermelon, cucumber, cucumber, zucchini, eggplant, pepper, grass lane, strawberry, rose, rose, rubber tree and some Chinese medicinal materials, etc., and cause serious losses . Powdery mildew is a multi-cycle obligate parasitic disease with a short incubation period, multiple generations can be reproduced in one growing season, and the reproduction rate is high. Under suitable climatic and environmental conditions, it may occur on a large scale and spread rapidly. According to statistics, the annual loss caused by powdery mildew in the world reaches 586.3 billion US dollars.

At present, due to the complexity of the pathogen itself and the difficulty of accurately identifying the pathogenic bacteria, the types of powdery mildew may be different in different countries or in different regions of the same country, making the work of disease-resistant breeding very complicated. Therefore, the current prevention and control of melon powdery mildew mainly Focus on chemical control, but because powdery mildew bacteria are prone to drug resistance, and the level of resistance rises rapidly. At the same time, due to the long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides, the adverse effects of high residues and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. With the strengthening of environmental regulations and public awareness of environmental protection, the public is increasingly demanding agricultural products that contain less or no chemical residues, and many pesticide varieties have been banned.

Powdery mildew of melon and fruit is a kind of disease that spreads with the development of protected cultivation. For the biological control of powdery mildew of melon and fruit, there are methods such as the control of hyperparasites and the control of botanical fungicides. Seeing the emergence of commercial products, there are many researches on the control of powdery mildew with botanical fungicides at home and abroad. Botanical fungicides directly use plant raw materials to create new pesticides, or find lead compounds from them, artificially synthesize and modify them to develop more active compounds, which is the main way to create new pesticides in recent years, and has attracted more and more attention and attention attention.

Bean crops are one of the three major edible crops (cereals, beans, and potatoes) for human beings, and their status in crops is second only to cereals. The 22 kinds of bean crops cultivated in my country mainly include soybean, mung bean, broad bean, pea, adzuki bean, lentil, common bean, more bean, rice bean, cowpea, sword bean and so on. At present, the area of bean crops in my country accounts for 10%-11% of the entire crop cultivation area. Bean crops are mainly harvested as grains and used as vegetables for human consumption. Only a small part of the harvested straw stems and leaves are used as feed, and most of them are discarded.

After searching the existing technical literature, it is found that patent 201010295781.3 uses soybean straw to cultivate Flammulina velutipes, patent 200910217451.X reports a method for producing biogas biomass energy with soybean straw, and patent 03156359.7 and other methods use soybean straw to produce feed and its additives. There are no patents or literature reports on the method of preparing biological pesticides for treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits by using the extracts from the stems and leaves of the stalks of agricultural waste and bean crops.

At the same time, for the biological control of powdery mildew, Zhang Xuanzhe et al. (publication number CN 101433213A) disclosed a method of using egg yolk and vegetable oil to prevent and control powdery mildew. Patent CN 1401247A adopts Chinese herbal preparation to treat plant powdery mildew and has also achieved good results. Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences has applied for a series of patents such as CN 1586198A by using osthole single agent and its compound composition to prevent and treat powdery mildew. The patent ZL200710045894.6 that the applicant has authorized has invented the method of using the stem and leaf extract of Robinia pseudoacacia to prepare water agent for controlling cucumber powdery mildew, and the published patent CN 102197810 A has introduced the method of using pinitol water agent to control crop powdery mildew. However, these two patents and the above-mentioned sources of biologically active substances for controlling powdery mildew have problems such as low biomass, difficult picking of raw materials, complicated operation, and high cost.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the powdery mildew of melon and fruit, and the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a biological pesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melon and fruit prepared from stem and leaf parts of leguminous plants and a preparation method thereof.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits by stems and leaves of legumes. The weight percentage of the total weight is: 5-20% of the extract concentrate of the stem and leaf part of the bean stalk, 5-10% of the synergist, and water as the balance.

Preferably, the extract concentrate of the stem and leaf parts of bean stalks is a concentrated extract obtained by extracting and concentrating the stem and leaf parts of bean stalks.

Preferably, the stem and leaf part of the bean stalks may be one or more of the discarded stalks of bean crops such as soybean stalks, lentil stalks, edamame stalks, broad bean stalks, mung bean stalks, etc. Soy straw.

Preferably, the synergist can be tea saponin, organosilicon surfactant, Tween surfactant, etc., which can reduce surface tension, increase wettability, adhesion, and a kind of pesticide adjuvant of permeability or more, preferably Tween 80.

Preferably, the biopesticide provided by the present invention can also be other pesticide formulations made from the above ingredients such as soluble powder, water-soluble granule, effervescent tablet, etc., preferably a water formulation.

The biological pesticide provided by the invention can be used to prevent and control melon and fruit powdery mildew, including cucumber powdery mildew, muskmelon powdery mildew, zucchini powdery mildew, strawberry powdery mildew, grape powdery mildew and other melon fruit powdery mildew. Especially suitable for the control of cucumber powdery mildew.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above-mentioned biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits, specifically: extracting at least one of the stems and leaves of bean stalks in a polar solvent at 10°C-80°C Hours, the obtained extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated extract, and synergists and water were added according to the components to obtain the biopesticide.

Preferably, the concentrated extract is 10%-20% of the weight of the obtained extract.

Preferably, the polar solvent is a common solvent, such as water or alcohol.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The biopesticide provided by the invention is mainly applied to plants by spraying, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of powdery mildew. Since the active substance used in the biopesticide of the present invention can be derived from agricultural waste, bean crop stalks, it has no pollution to the environment, is safe for humans and animals, has low cost, and does not have problems such as pesticide residues. It is a pollution-free biological Pesticides have high economic significance and experimental value for the production of melon and fruit green organic food. The invention is easy to operate, and recycles the agricultural waste, and realizes sustainable development and circular economy.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Parts that are not described in detail in the following embodiments can be implemented using existing technologies.

Example 1

Pot experiment on prevention of zucchini powdery mildew

Extract the soybean stalks at 60°C for 1 hour with ethanol to obtain a concentrated extract after filtering and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated extract, which is made into a water containing 20% concentrate, 10% Tween 80 and water to 100%. Agent, percentage here is weight ratio, same in the following examples. Use the biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention to carry out preventive experiments on cucumber powdery mildew. The test method adopts the indoor bioassay test guidelines for fungicides Part 11: Potted Planting Method for Controlling Melon Powdery Mildew . In the pot test, the preventive effects were 95.8% (diluted 100 times), 87.2% (diluted 200 times) and 78.3% (diluted 300 times).

Example 2

Pot experiment on treating powdery mildew of muskmelon

Extract the mung bean stalks with water at 80°C for 3 hours, and then filter and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated extract, which is made into a water containing 10% concentrate, 5% tea saponin and water to 100%. agent. With the biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, the treatment experiment is carried out to melon powdery mildew, and the test method adopts the indoor bioassay test guidelines of pesticides Fungicide Part 11: Potted Planting Method for Controlling Melon Powdery Mildew Test (NY/T1156.11-2008 ). The biopesticide has therapeutic effects on melon powdery mildew, and the therapeutic effects reach 100% (diluted 50 times), 90.3% (diluted 100 times) and 85.3% (diluted 150 times).

Example 3

Greenhouse Experiment of Controlling Cucumber Powdery Mildew

The broad bean stalks were subjected to alcohol extraction at 70°C for 1 hour, and the extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated extract, which was formulated to contain 15% concentrate, 8% silicone surfactant and water to make up to 100% water agent. Using the biopesticide for preventing and controlling powdery mildew of the present invention, a greenhouse experiment was carried out on cucumber powdery mildew. The test method used the field efficacy test guidelines for pesticides to control cucumber powdery mildew (GB/T 17980.30-2000). The biopesticide has therapeutic effects on cucumber powdery mildew, and the therapeutic effects reach 83.1% (diluted 100 times), 73.3% (diluted 200 times) and 65.6% (diluted 300 times).

Example 4

In Vitro Leaf Disc Method for Controlling Strawberry Powdery Mildew

The mixture of lentil stalks and soybean stalks was extracted with water at 50°C for 2 hours, and the extract obtained was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated extract, which was made into a 5% concentrate, 5% silicone surfactant, 5% Tea saponin and water make up to 100% water. Using the biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, the isolated leaf disc method experiment is carried out on strawberry powdery mildew to measure its antibacterial activity. Prepare several Petri dishes with a diameter of 5 cm, and add 10 mL of distilled water to each dish. Use a hole puncher to punch the healthy leaves of the same cucumber leaf position into leaf discs with a diameter of 1.5 cm; soak the leaf discs in 500-fold diluted water solution and the control solution for 1 min, take them out and dry them, and add 5 Leaf disks, the back of the leaf floats upwards on the liquid surface, and 10 μl of cucumber white powder sporangia suspension containing 50-100 sporangia is placed in the center of each leaf disk, and then illuminated for 12 hours a day at a temperature of 20 ° C. Cultivate in the cultivation room, and observe that the control effect is 95% after 7 days.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. biopesticide of preventing and treating the melon and fruit powdery mildew, it is characterized in that, described agricultural chemicals comprises extract concentrate, synergist and the water of beans stalks, stems and leaves part, the weight percentage of their shared agricultural chemicals gross weights is respectively: the extract concentrate 5-20% of beans stalks, stems and leaves part, synergist 5-10%, water are surplus.

2. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the extract concentrate of described beans stalks, stems and leaves part is the concentrated extract after beans stalks, stems and leaves extracting section is concentrated.

3. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described beans stalks, stems and leaves partly refers to one or more in the discarded stalk of legume crop after beanpod is plucked.

4. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described legume crop is one or more in soybean stalk, French beans straw, green soy bean stalk, broad bean stalk, the mung bean stalk.

5. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described legume crop is soybean stalk.

6. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described synergist be in Tea Saponin, organosilicone surfactants, the Tweens surfactant one or more.

7. control melon and fruit powdery mildew biopesticide according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described synergist is Tween 80.

8. the biopesticide of each described control melon and fruit powdery mildew is characterized in that according to claim 1-7, described biopesticide or the soluble powder of being made by described composition, water-soluble granule, effervescent tablet.

9. the biopesticide of each described control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, described biopesticide is used for control melon and fruit powdery mildew, comprises powdery mildew of cucumber, melon powdery mildew, Pumpkin powdery mildew, powdery mildew of strawberry, grape powdery mildew.

10. the preparation method of the biopesticide of a control melon and fruit powdery mildew claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, with beans stalks, stems and leaves part through 10 ℃-80 ℃, in polar solvent, extracted at least 1 hour, obtain extract and obtain concentrated extract behind the reduced pressure concentration after filtration, add synergist and water according to described component, obtain described biopesticide.

11. the preparation method of the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 10 is characterized in that, the gained concentrated extract is the 10%-20% of former extract weight.