CN102969701A - Battery protection and sparkle suppression circuit - Google Patents
Battery protection and sparkle suppression circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102969701A CN102969701A CN2012105107078A CN201210510707A CN102969701A CN 102969701 A CN102969701 A CN 102969701A CN 2012105107078 A CN2012105107078 A CN 2012105107078A CN 201210510707 A CN201210510707 A CN 201210510707A CN 102969701 A CN102969701 A CN 102969701A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery protection and sparkle suppression circuit. The battery protection and sparkle suppression circuit is additionally provided with a battery output end, and mainly consists of a current sampling circuit, a current limiting circuit, a voltage feedback circuit, a switching-off circuit and a voltage stabilizing and current limiting circuit. With the adoption of a manner of additionally arranging a battery protection circuit at the battery output end, the battery sparkle suppression circuit generated by a rapid discharging problem can be stopped. Meanwhile, the current can be rapidly limited when a short circuit generates; and the second short circuit can be prevented through load insulation, so that the external power supply can be automatically recovered after removing a load or a short circuit fault.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery protection and spark suppression circuit.
Background
Since a battery may be discharged with a large current instantaneously to generate an electric spark when an external short circuit or an internal short circuit occurs, and the generation of the electric spark may cause a fire, an explosion, or other danger, it is possible to greatly improve the safety of a general battery if a battery protection and spark suppression circuit can be added to the general battery. However, the current solutions to the problems of battery short-circuit protection and spark suppression are two: one solution is directed to mining intrinsically safe battery products, which mainly adopt a method of switching off an output to prevent the generation of sparks, and the method has high requirements on the response speed of a switching element and the parasitic capacitance of a circuit. The other solution is directed at a common intrinsic safety power supply, and the main adopted mode is a resistance current limiting mode to prevent the generation of sparks, and the mode not only can greatly reduce the loading capacity of the intrinsic safety battery and is difficult to meet the power requirement; and the requirement of large volume is difficult to meet. It can be seen that, in view of the application field of the general battery and the limitation of the battery space, neither of the above two solutions can be applied to solve the problems of protection and spark suppression of the general battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery protection and spark suppression circuit, which is additionally arranged on a battery output end and can prevent battery sparks generated during quick discharge.
In order to solve the problems, the invention designs a battery protection and spark suppression circuit which mainly comprises a current sampling circuit, a current limiting circuit, a voltage feedback circuit and a turn-off circuit. Wherein,
the current sampling circuit comprises a resistor R1 and a first level conversion module U1. Two ends of the resistor R1 are respectively connected to 2 input ends of the first level shifter U1. One end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the battery, and the other end is connected with the negative end of the diode D1 of the current limiting circuit. The output of the first level shifter module U1 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1 of the current limiting circuit.
The current limiting circuit includes a first fet F1, a resistor R2, and a diode D1. The resistor R2 is connected in parallel across the diode D1. The gate of the first fet F1 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1, the source is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the drain is connected to the source of the second fet F2 of the turn-off circuit. The negative terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the external output positive terminal.
The voltage feedback circuit comprises a resistor R5, a capacitor C3, a diode D2 and a second level shift module U2. The resistor R5 has one end connected to the negative terminal of the external output, and the other end connected to the negative terminal of the diode D2 and one input terminal of the second level shift module U2. The positive terminal of the diode D2 and the other input terminal of the second level shift module U2 are connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the diode D2. The output of the second level shifting block U2 is connected to the negative terminal of the diode D3 of the shutdown circuit.
The turn-off circuit includes a second fet F2, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, and a diode D3. The gate of fet F2 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D3. The resistor R7 is connected in parallel across the diode D3. Resistor R6 has one terminal connected to the positive terminal of diode D3 and the other terminal connected to the battery cathode.
Furthermore, the battery protection and spark suppression circuit further comprises a voltage stabilization current limiting circuit, wherein the voltage stabilization current limiting circuit comprises a resistor R8 and a voltage regulator tube D5. The positive end of the voltage regulator tube D5 is connected with the negative electrode of the external output, the negative end is connected with one end of the resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the positive electrode of the external output.
In the above scheme, the negative terminal of the diode D1 is preferably connected to the positive external output terminal via a diode D4.
In the above scheme, the capacitor C1 and/or the capacitor C2 are preferably connected in parallel at the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected in parallel with each other.
In the above solution, one end of the resistor R1 is preferably connected to the positive electrode of the battery through a FUSE 1.
The invention adopts a mode of adding a battery protection circuit at the output end of the battery to prevent the battery spark suppression circuit generated by the problem of quick discharge. Meanwhile, when short circuit occurs, current can be rapidly limited, the load is isolated, secondary short circuit is prevented, and when the load or short circuit fault is removed, external power supply is automatically recovered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a micro-power current detection and limiting scheme, so that the energy loss of the intrinsic safety battery during high-power supply is reduced to the minimum. Meanwhile, a semiconductor current limiting mode and an output cutoff protection mode are adopted, the spark suppression problem during rapid discharge is solved, and after a protection circuit is triggered, an output loop is cut off rapidly while current is limited, so that secondary short circuit is prevented. The protection circuit successfully solves the problems of high-power supply of the battery and intrinsic safety under the condition of short circuit, and after the spark protection suppression circuit is added, the circuit can rapidly limit current and cut off external output under the condition of short circuit, and when the short circuit fault is removed, the power supply can be automatically recovered. Meanwhile, the circuit has the advantages of micro power consumption and small volume, and can be conveniently integrated into a battery shell.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic of a battery protection and spark suppression circuit.
Detailed Description
A circuit of a battery protection and spark suppression circuit is shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises a current sampling circuit, a current limiting circuit, a voltage feedback circuit, a turn-off circuit and a voltage stabilizing and current limiting circuit. Wherein,
the current sampling circuit comprises a resistor R1 and a first level conversion module U1. One end of a resistor R1 of the current sampling circuit is connected with the anode of the battery through a FUSE FUSE1, and the other end is connected with the positive end of a diode D4. Two ends of the resistor R1 are connected to 2 voltage input terminals of the first level shifter module U1. The output terminal of the first level shifter module U1 is connected to the resistor R2 of the current limiting circuit and the positive terminal of the diode D1. When the load current increases instantaneously, the current I1 passing through the resistor R1 increases to increase the voltage drop across the resistor R1, and when the voltage reaches the protection threshold, the control level Vc is output.
The current limiting circuit includes a first fet F1, a resistor R2, and a diode D1. The negative terminal of the diode D1 and one terminal of the resistor R2 of the current limiting circuit are connected to one terminal of the resistor R1 of the current sampling circuit. The grid electrode of the first field effect transistor F1 is connected with the positive end of the diode D1 and the other end of the resistor R2, the source electrode is connected with the cathode of the battery, and the drain electrode is connected with the source electrode of the second field effect transistor F2 of the turn-off circuit. The field effect transistor F1 is turned off immediately after receiving the control level Vc, thereby instantly cutting off the circuit path and completing the current control function.
The voltage feedback circuit comprises a resistor R5, a capacitor C3, a diode D2 and a second level shift module U2. One end of a resistor R5 of the voltage feedback circuit is connected to the negative pole of the external output; the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3, the negative terminal of the diode D2, and one input terminal of the second level shift module U2. The other end of the capacitor C3, the positive terminal of the diode D2, and the other input terminal of the second level shifter module U2 are connected to the battery cathode. The output terminal of the second level shifter U2 is connected to the resistor R7 of the turn-off circuit and the negative terminal of the diode D3. If the load is still connected to the output terminal, the voltage of the external output negative electrode OGND rises, the capacitor C3 is charged through the resistor R5, and when the capacitor is charged to the threshold voltage, the second level shift module U2 operates to output Vc2 from the output terminal of the second level shift module U2.
The turn-off circuit includes a field effect transistor F2, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, and a diode D3. The gate of the second fet F2 of the turn-off circuit is connected to one end of the resistor R7 and the anode of the diode D3. One end of the resistor R6 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the resistor R7. The drain of the second field effect transistor F2 is connected to the external output cathode. The second field effect transistor F2 is immediately turned off after receiving the control level Vc2, so that the negative electrode of the output end is kept in an off state, and F2 is turned on again after the load is removed or the short circuit is relieved, thereby ensuring that current limitation is carried out when the load current is sharply increased or the short circuit is generated, restraining the generation of sparks, and cutting off the load to prevent the generation of sparks again.
The voltage stabilizing current limiting circuit comprises a resistor R8 and a voltage stabilizing tube D5. The positive electrode of the voltage regulator tube D5 is connected with the external output negative electrode, and the negative end of the voltage regulator tube D5 is connected with one end of the resistor R8. The other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the external output positive electrode. When the voltage of the anode and the cathode output from the outside is higher than the stable voltage of the voltage regulator tube D5, the voltage regulator tube D5 is conducted, so that the voltage value of the output end is ensured.
In addition, the positive and negative terminals of the battery are preferably connected in parallel with a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, and the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected in parallel with each other. The voltage of the positive electrode of the battery is connected to a resistor R1 after passing through a self-recovery Fuse Fuse 1.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, the voltage of the positive electrode of the battery base passes through a self-recovery Fuse1, then is regulated through a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, and is rectified through a diode D4 and then is output to an external output positive electrode Vout. The battery cathode BGND passes through the first field effect transistor F1 and the second field effect transistor F2, and is output to the external output cathode OGND. When the load current increases momentarily, the current I1 through the resistor R1 increases, causing the voltage drop across the resistor R1 to increase. If the protection threshold value is reached, the control level is output to the current limiting circuit, so that the first field effect transistor F1 is immediately turned off, the circuit is instantly cut off, and the current control function is completed. When the load is too heavy or short circuit occurs to cause the external output voltage to drop sharply, the diode D1 is conducted to cause the voltage of the control electrode of the first field effect transistor F1 to drop rapidly, and the negative electrode of the external output is turned off, so that the battery is isolated from the external load. If the load is still connected with the output end, the voltage of the external output cathode is increased, the capacitor C3 is charged through the resistor R5 of the voltage feedback circuit, when the capacitor C3 is charged to the threshold voltage, the second level conversion module U2 operates to turn off the second field effect transistor F2, so that the external output cathode is kept in an off state, and after the load is removed or the short circuit is relieved, the second field effect transistor F2 is turned on again, so that the current is limited when the load current is increased suddenly or the short circuit is relieved, the generation of sparks is restrained, the load is cut off, and the sparks are prevented from being generated again.
Claims (5)
1. A battery protection and spark suppression circuit, comprising: the current-limiting circuit mainly comprises a current sampling circuit, a current-limiting circuit, a voltage feedback circuit and a turn-off circuit; wherein,
the current sampling circuit comprises a resistor R1 and a first level conversion module U1; two ends of the resistor R1 are respectively connected with 2 input ends of the first level conversion module U1; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the battery, and the other end is connected with the negative end of the diode D1 of the current limiting circuit; the output terminal of the first level shifter module U1 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1 of the current limiting circuit;
the current limiting circuit comprises a first field effect transistor F1, a resistor R2 and a diode D1; the resistor R2 is connected in parallel with two ends of the diode D1; the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor F1 is connected with the positive end of the diode D1, the source electrode of the first field effect transistor F1 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, and the drain electrode of the first field effect transistor F1 is connected with the source electrode of the second field effect transistor F2 of the turn-off circuit; the negative terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the external output positive terminal;
the voltage feedback circuit comprises a resistor R5, a capacitor C3, a diode D2 and a second level conversion module U2; one end of the resistor R5 is connected to the negative electrode of the external output, and the other end is connected to the negative end of the diode D2 and one input end of the second level conversion module U2; the positive end of the diode D2 and the other input end of the second level conversion module U2 are connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to two ends of the diode D2; the output of the second level conversion module U2 is connected to the negative terminal of the diode D3 of the turn-off circuit;
the turn-off circuit comprises a second field effect transistor F2, a resistor R6, a resistor R7 and a diode D3; the gate of the field effect transistor F2 is connected with the positive terminal of the diode D3; the resistor R7 is connected in parallel at two ends of the diode D3; resistor R6 has one terminal connected to the positive terminal of diode D3 and the other terminal connected to the battery cathode.
2. The battery protection and spark suppression circuit of claim 1, wherein: the power supply also further comprises a voltage stabilizing and current limiting circuit, wherein the voltage stabilizing and current limiting circuit comprises a resistor R8 and a voltage stabilizing tube D5; the positive end of the voltage regulator tube D5 is connected with the negative electrode of the external output, the negative end is connected with one end of the resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the positive electrode of the external output.
3. A battery protection and spark suppression circuit as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein: the negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the external output positive terminal via a diode D4.
4. A battery protection and spark suppression circuit as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein: the capacitor C1 and/or the capacitor C2 are connected in parallel at the positive and negative ends of the battery, and the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected in parallel.
5. A battery protection and spark suppression circuit as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein: one end of the resistor R1 is also connected to the battery positive via a FUSE 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012105107078A CN102969701A (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Battery protection and sparkle suppression circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012105107078A CN102969701A (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Battery protection and sparkle suppression circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102969701A true CN102969701A (en) | 2013-03-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2012105107078A Pending CN102969701A (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Battery protection and sparkle suppression circuit |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107785968A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-09 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | The battery short circuit protection circuit of charge power supply |
| CN120669585A (en) * | 2025-06-16 | 2025-09-19 | 北京航天拓扑高科技有限责任公司 | Explosion-proof soft bus adapter based on open source hong Meng |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107785968A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-09 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | The battery short circuit protection circuit of charge power supply |
| CN107785968B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2024-02-13 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Battery short circuit protection circuit for charging power supply |
| CN120669585A (en) * | 2025-06-16 | 2025-09-19 | 北京航天拓扑高科技有限责任公司 | Explosion-proof soft bus adapter based on open source hong Meng |
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Application publication date: 20130313 |