CN1029343C - Brushless DC Motor - Google Patents
Brushless DC Motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1029343C CN1029343C CN 92112944 CN92112944A CN1029343C CN 1029343 C CN1029343 C CN 1029343C CN 92112944 CN92112944 CN 92112944 CN 92112944 A CN92112944 A CN 92112944A CN 1029343 C CN1029343 C CN 1029343C
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Abstract
本申请提示了一种无刷直流电机，按本发明的第一方面，在线圈绕线管14上设置突起12b与12c与端子插头12a，从定子10相对一侧将电路单元19安装在基板20上，在端子插头支持部设置线圈线的引导槽12A；按本发明的第二方面，在轴承的一端设置法兰盘，在基板的安装部分上形成配合突部，在轴承的法兰盘与定子之间夹着该配合突部而将定子固定在基板上；按照本发明的第三方面，将转子的磁路的齿转矩所产生的转子的静止稳定点位置设定为励磁线圈通电所产生的励磁转矩的最大转矩点附近。This application proposes a brushless DC motor. According to the first aspect of the present invention, protrusions 12b and 12c and terminal plugs 12a are provided on the coil bobbin 14, and the circuit unit 19 is installed on the substrate 20 from the opposite side of the stator 10. On, the guide groove 12A of the coil line is set on the terminal plug supporting part; according to the second aspect of the present invention, a flange is set at one end of the bearing, and a matching protrusion is formed on the mounting part of the substrate, and the flange of the bearing and the The stator is fixed on the base plate by sandwiching the matching protrusion between the stators; according to the third aspect of the present invention, the position of the static stable point of the rotor generated by the tooth torque of the magnetic circuit of the rotor is set as the position of the excitation coil energized. Near the maximum torque point of the generated excitation torque.
Description
The present invention relates on stator yoke, have the excitation coiling, on rotor, have permanent magnet, do not have the brshless DC motor of brush, more particularly, relate to the structure of motor.
Brshless DC motor in the past, the motor of the cored type shown in existing Figure 50 and the motor of the no iron core type shown in Figure 51-57.
The motor 52 of above-mentioned cored type is that the many electromagnetic steel plates that strike out definite shape are changed into stator yoke 53, and makes magnet exciting coil 54 be disposed at the slot part of stator yoke 53 under state of insulation as shown in figure 50.Rotor magnet 56 is configured on the rotor 55.And constitute motor section by stator yoke 53 and rotor 55, by forming circuit unit portions 57 such as circuit elements.
The motor 60 of above-mentioned no iron core type is shown in Figure 51, and the magnet exciting coil 59 of the ring-type that will make with enamelled wire is configured in the hollow stator yoke 58.Magnet exciting coil 59 form shown in Figure 52 for example and Figure 53 like that.Also have in the rotor 61 and be provided with rotor magnet 63.And constitute motor section by stator yoke 58 and rotor 61, by forming circuit unit 76 such as circuit elements.
In the motor 52 and 60 of above-mentioned two class formations, pack into and become assemblnig structure from motor bearings supporting mass (propeller boss) direction.
As the motor 60 of no iron core type, for example opened in the clear 64-23754 communique the spy and put down in writing.This brushless DC motor 60 is called the radial gap type motor at the structure that radially has the air gap.This brushless DC motor 60 shown in Figure 54, rotor 61 by the rotor yoke 62 of cup shape, be attached to the ring-type of this rotor yoke inner peripheral surface rotor magnet 63, constitute with the rotating shaft 65 that is inlaid in rotor yoke 62 centers by axle bush 64.66 expression turntables among the figure.
The 1st stator yoke 68 of stator 67 and the 2nd stator yoke 69 also make coil unit 70 mediate and can assemble, annular section 71 joins with another annular section 72, in the magnetic mode in conjunction with constituting magnetic circuit, and the side face certain clearance of the rotor magnet 63 of maintenance and rotor 61, the magnetic pole 68a and the 69a alternate configurations of the 1st stator yoke 68 and the 2nd stator 69 in a circumferential direction.
In the annular section 71 of stator 67, also adorn sleeve 73, in sleeve 73, passing through the rotating shaft 65 of bearing 74 supporting rotors 61.At the end portion setting-in substrate 75 of sleeve 73 and make stator 67 supported, on substrate 75, fixedly install circuit substrate 76.The magnetic pole detecting element of 77 expression detection rotor magnetic poles among the figure.
As the fixing chucking magnet used of rotational workpieces of sorption, adopt magnetized chucking magnet 79 shown in Figure 57 with contact.
Brushless DC motor as the stator yoke that uses the bending of soft magnetic metal plate to go out, having known for example has that the spy opens clear 64-23754 and the flat 2-214458 of Te Kai etc., in these motors, have that make pole form in order stagger with excitation torque 0 position in the static point of safes position that makes rotor be asymmetrical shape, there are the pole form that makes a stator yoke and other pole form to change to some extent, thereby and the mutual position of stator that staggers staggers the point of safes position of rotor with the imbalance that magnetic takes place, and can adopt no motor to rotate the structure at dead point by this.
Yet in above-mentioned brushless DC motor in the past, no matter cored type or do not have the iron core type all has the problem of following structure aspect.
(1) propeller boss that has bearing to use at the motor middle body, for the middle body of avoiding its circuit unit portion has bigger hole, the effective area and the configuration degree of freedom that impair circuit block etc. owing to this hole become greatly the shape of motor itself.
(2) circuit unit portion is configured to be covered by motor section, thereby in a single day assembling just can't only be taken out circuit unit portion, changes, proofreaies and correct, has adjusted with regard to difficulty.
This class problem is arranged when (3) being connected with circuit substrate in the coiling end that makes magnet exciting coil, be that magnet exciting coil is that distribution is drawn, thereby break in the operation, because layer short circuit etc. also just takes place in coiling personnel's difference easily, the occasion of particularly not having the iron core type is that the manual distribution of bearing is handled, and operation is increased.
The motor that does not particularly have the iron core type also has the problem of following structure aspect.
(1) stator is to make that the annular section of two stator yokes is mutually chimeric to be assemblnig structure, thereby the certain precision of the processing request of annular section, and cost is higher and manual to be assembled.
(2) in chimeric annular section, owing to be the structure that inserts the sleeve of block bearing, components number increases and assembling operation is increased.
(3) when managing to make the motor miniaturization, might magnetic saturation take place at the axial magnetic circuit place of rotating shaft.
(4) because the turntable that is covering rotor forms respectively, thereby assembling operation is when increasing, the evenness of guaranteeing turntable is difficulty just.
(5) be the setting-in structure owing to extend through the substrate that is in the sleeve lower end in the stator, thereby for guaranteeing the perpendicularity of sleeve, the fitting portion of substrate requires certain machining accuracy, and intensity is difficult to reach.Therefore, can by tightening original stator 67 be fixedly installed on the flat substrate 75 as shown in Figure 56, the space be set, and make the setting of circuit substrate and detecting element become difficult but can't between substrate 75 and stator 67, vacate by screw 78.
When (6) assembling in addition, must determine the installation site of magnetic pole detecting element at every turn, in the time of precise decreasing that the position is determined, also make the decrease in efficiency of assembling operation.
(7) the fixing chucking magnet 79 used of rotational workpieces of sorption, owing to 2 utmost points magnetization up and down usually, a little less than the general sorptive force, and work as the occasion of the following nonmagnetic body of chucking magnet, the magnetic flux that spills flow into stator yoke and rotor yoke, just makes the affected shortcoming of motor performance.
No matter cored type or do not have the iron core type also has the problem of following motor characteristic aspect.
(1) owing to less in the producible excitation torque in the point of safes position of permanent magnet rotor, thus the startability instability, only ability self-starting under extremely limited condition, and be difficult to obtain big starting torque.
(2) owing to must break magnetic balance, formed pole form is special, makes electric efficiency decline and the magnetic flux that spills is increased wait.
(3) because 2 stator yokes pole form difference separately, thereby exist the pattern of punch process must need 2 kinds, problem that component management is loaded down with trivial details and so on.
Therefore, the present invention solves this class problem, its purpose is to provide a kind of coil unit that makes simple with being connected of circuit unit, even and also can be easily after the motor assembling only to circuit unit replace, adjustment etc., the assembled components number is reduced, assembling handling ease operation reduces, and motor performance is improved, also have big starting torque, and in a big way, obtain startability, and then good, the cheap brushless DC motor of electric efficiency high technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the brushless DC motor of the application the 1st invention is characterized in that comprising: have rotating shaft at the center of rotor yoke and have the rotor of the rotor magnet of multipole magnetized ring-type or fan-shaped at circumferencial direction; A pair of stator yoke with the tortuous magnetic pole that forms of soft magnetic metal plate assemble relatively and and described rotor magnet between have the air gap and make the stator of described magnetic pole alternate configurations at circumferencial direction; Between be provided with between described a pair of stator yoke, there is the coil unit that is provided with magnet exciting coil on the coil-winding pipe of synthetic resin of ring flange the end; Be provided with the circuit unit of the magnetic pole detecting element etc. of the position of magnetic pole that detects described rotor magnet, on the ring flange of described coil-winding pipe outstanding thrust is set and on position, mating holes is set corresponding to the described stator yoke of this thrust in, mating holes is set on the substrate of motor through hole is set and the outstanding thrust that inserts in described through hole and the mating holes that is provided with on the ring flange of described coil-winding pipe on the stator yoke of side joining installing with this substrate, also terminal plug that connects described magnet exciting coil front end and the jack that this terminal plug is set are set on described stator yoke and substrate, and make described circuit unit begin to be installed on the described substrate from the outside of a relative side with stator outstanding on the ring flange of described coil-winding pipe.
Its feature also is, configurable a plurality of described terminal plugs on the same circumference that with the rotating shaft is the center, and be spaced apart spacing between the terminals of adjacent plug.
Its feature is that also described terminal plug is by the synthetic resin support, and this support sector is formed on the described coil-winding pipe.
Its feature is that also the support sector of described terminal plug is provided with the groove of the described magnet exciting coil of guiding end.
Its feature also is, the a plurality of described terminal plugs of configuration on the same circumference that with the rotating shaft is the center, and being spaced apart equidistantly between the terminals of adjacent plug, and in support sector, be provided with the groove that guides described magnet exciting coil end by the formed described terminal plug of synthetic resin.
The brushless DC motor of the application's the 2nd invention is characterized in that comprising: have the rotating shaft that is arranged on the rotor yoke middle body and make the N utmost point and the S utmost point replace the rotor of the ring-type rotor magnet of excitation at circumferencial direction; By make the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke with the formed magnetic pole of crooked soft magnetic metal plate in the face of assembling and and described rotor magnet between have the air gap makes described magnetic pole alternate configurations at circumferencial direction stator; Between be provided with between described a pair of stator yoke, there is the coil unit that is provided with magnet exciting coil on the coil-winding pipe of ring flange the end; Be inserted into the sleeve that supports described rotating shaft in the through hole that is arranged on described stator middle body, in inside by bearing, make ring flange be arranged on the engagement protrusion that forms the cross section convex on the substrate mounting position that distolateral one of described bearing one can fix described stator, the teat face that cooperates that accompanies this substrate between the ring flange of described bearing and stator is fixedly installed on stator on the substrate.
Its feature also is, is arranged on the Embedded Division that two ends have step part in described sleeve, is provided with the embedded hole of chimeric this Embedded Division on the described the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke.
Its feature is that also the embedded hole of the Embedded Division of described sleeve and the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke is a polygon or non-circular.
Its feature also is, forms the plug that connects the magnet exciting coil lead-out wire towards the circuit unit side on described coil-winding pipe.
Its feature is that also the turntable that covers on the described rotor yoke is formed on the rotor yoke.
Its feature is that also described rotor yoke is provided with by cooperating recesses that cooperatively interacts and the engagement formation that cooperates teat to form with turntable.
Its feature also is, sorption is the chucking magnet used of rotational workpieces fixedly, by magnetize by many magnetic poles or a plurality of segments are constituted so that magnetic circuit for the shortest.
Its feature also is, respectively along the outstanding setting cylindrical portion of the tortuous direction of described magnetic pole, cylindrical portion separately is provided with that to be concentric shape chimeric mutually and can determine the barbed portion of position on the circumferencial direction at the middle body of described the 1st, the 2nd stator magnetic sheet.
Its feature also is, integrally forms sleeve on described the 1st, the 2nd stator yoke, forms the embedded hole that the front end of sleeve shown in can making embeds on another stator yoke, by being pressed into or ca(u)lk makes bearing fixing in sleeve.
Its feature also is to form bearing fixedly installing on the substrate of described stator.
Its feature is that also described sleeve is formed by high permeability materials.
Its feature also is, fixedly install the magnetic pole detecting element that detects described magnetic pole of the stator fixedly install part and peripheral part is made of nonmagnetic substance.
Its feature also is, the engagement formation of the circuit unit that fixedly installs the magnetic pole detecting element that the detects described rotor magnetic pole location usefulness that setting is made of polarized plug and the location hole that cooperates this plug between the substrate that fixedly installs and described stator.
Its feature also is, the outstanding plug that the lead-out wire of the magnet exciting coil that is connecting coil unit is set on described stator, and the front end of lead-out wire is fixed on the circuit unit.
The brushless DC motor of the application the 2nd invention is characterized in that comprising: the rotor magnet that forms a plurality of magnetic poles in a circumferential direction is located at the rotor on the rotor yoke; And described rotor magnet between have the air gap and have the stator that is arranged alternately a plurality of magnetic poles on stator yoke at circumferencial direction; Coil unit with the magnet exciting coil that makes the described magnetic pole of the stator excitation on described stator yoke; Detect the magnetic pole detecting element of described rotor magnet polarity, by the tooth torque (コ ギ Application グ ト Le Network) in described rotor and the formed magnetic circuit of stator make the static point of safes set positions of stationary rotor be the excitation torque that produced conduction time of described magnet exciting coil maximum torque point near, making the set positions that is provided with of described magnetic pole detecting element simultaneously is that centre position from 1 magnetic pole of described rotor magnet begins the position of staggering at circumferencial direction.
Its feature also is, launch along peripheral direction from the pivot of described rotor, and make the magnetic pole angle of spread of described stator be described rotor magnet each magnetic pole the same angle of spread below 75% and less than 100%.
Its feature is that also the set positions that is provided with of described magnetic pole detecting element is the position that the opposite direction of rotation in edge staggers in the scope of 5 °-45 ° of electrical angles.
Its feature also is, described stator makes the multi-disc steel plate repeatedly press and constitute.
Its feature is that also described stator is that casting forms.
Its feature is that also described stator is that sintering forms.
Fig. 1 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the 1st embodiment brushless DC motor of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 2 is the decomposing section that the 1st embodiment brushless DC motor of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 3 is the back view that the 1st embodiment the 1st stator yoke of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 4 illustrates A-A line profile among the 1st embodiment Fig. 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the plane graph that the 1st embodiment the 2nd stator yoke of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 6 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the 1st embodiment the 2nd stator yoke of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 7 is the plane graph that the present invention's the 1st embodiment coil unit is shown.
Fig. 8 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 1st embodiment coil unit is shown.
Fig. 9 is the back view that the present invention's the 1st embodiment coil unit is shown.
Figure 10 is the plane graph that the present invention's the 1st embodiment substrate is shown.
Figure 11 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 1st embodiment substrate is shown.
Figure 12 is the back view that the present invention's the 1st embodiment substrate is shown.
Figure 13 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 2nd embodiment coil unit major part is shown.
Figure 14 is the profile that B-B line among the present invention the 2nd embodiment Figure 13 is shown.
Figure 15 is the plane graph that the present invention's the 3rd embodiment coil unit is shown.
Figure 16 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 3rd embodiment circle coil unit is shown.
Figure 17 is the back view that the present invention's the 3rd embodiment coil unit is shown.
Figure 18 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 4th embodiment brushless DC motor is shown.
Figure 19 is the exploded perspective view that the present invention's the 4th embodiment brushless DC motor is shown.
Figure 20 is the plane graph that the present invention's the 4th embodiment stator yoke is shown.
Figure 21 illustrates the present invention's the 4th embodiment stator decomposing section.
Figure 22 is the C-C line profile that illustrates among the present invention the 4th embodiment Figure 20.
Figure 23 illustrates the oblique view that the present invention the 4th embodiment tightens magnet.
Figure 24 illustrates the oblique view that the present invention the 4th embodiment tightens other form examples of magnet.
Figure 25 is the oblique view that the present invention the 5th embodiment the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke are shown.
Figure 26 is the decomposing section that the present invention's the 6th embodiment stator yoke is shown.
Figure 27 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 6th embodiment brushless DC motor major part is shown.
Figure 28 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 7th embodiment brushless DC motor major part is shown.
Figure 29 illustrates the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention the 8th embodiment brushes no DC motor major part.
Figure 30 illustrates the present invention the 9th embodiment and the magnetic pole detecting element is described and the key diagram of magnetic flux relation.
Figure 31 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the major part of the present invention's the 9th embodiment brushless DC motor is shown.
Figure 32 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the major part of the present invention's the 10th embodiment brushless DC motor is shown.
Figure 33 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 11st embodiment brushless DC motor is shown.
Figure 34 illustrates the sectional arrangement drawing that other form examples are constructed in the present invention's the 11st embodiment lead-out wire support.
Figure 35 illustrates the sectional arrangement drawing that other form examples are constructed in the present invention's the 11st embodiment lead-out wire support.
Figure 36 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the present invention's the 12nd embodiment rotor yoke is shown.
Figure 37 is the exploded perspective view that the present invention's the 13rd embodiment stator yoke is shown.
Figure 38 is the exploded perspective view that the present invention's the 13rd embodiment brushless DC motor is shown.
Figure 39 illustrates the action general view that the present invention the 13rd embodiment illustrates brushless DC motor.
Figure 40 illustrates the general view that the present invention the 13rd embodiment illustrates the action of brushless DC motor.
Figure 41 illustrates the major part amplification view that the present invention the 13rd embodiment illustrates the angle of spread.
Figure 42 is the performance plot that the relation of the present invention's the 13rd embodiment electrical angle and tooth torque is shown.
Figure 43 illustrates the key diagram that the present invention the 13rd embodiment illustrates the excitation torque.
Figure 44 is the circuit diagram that drive circuit one example of the present invention's the 13rd embodiment brushless DC motor is shown.
Figure 45 is the plane graph that the present invention's the 14th embodiment stator yoke is shown.
Figure 46 is the side view that the present invention's the 14th embodiment stator yoke is shown.
Figure 47 illustrates the present invention's the 14th embodiment major part exploded perspective view.
Figure 48 is the oblique view that the present invention's the 14th embodiment stator yoke is shown.
Figure 49 is the exploded perspective view that the major part of the present invention's the 14th embodiment stator yoke is shown.
Figure 50 illustrates the sectional arrangement drawing of the brushless DC motor structure of cored type in the past.
Figure 51 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the brushless DC motor structure that does not in the past have the iron core type is shown.
Figure 52 is the plane graph of magnet exciting coil that did not in the past have the brushless DC motor of iron core type.
Figure 53 is the front elevation of magnet exciting coil that did not in the past have the brushless DC motor of iron core type.
Figure 54 is the sectional arrangement drawing that the brushless DC motor that does not in the past have the iron core type is shown.
Figure 55 is the decomposing section that the brushless DC motor that does not in the past have the iron core type is shown.
Figure 56 illustrates the sectional arrangement drawing that does not in the past have the brushless DC motor of iron core type major part.
Figure 57 is the oblique view of chucking magnet that did not in the past have the brushless DC motor of iron core type.
Following with reference to accompanying drawing to the present invention's the 1st embodiment explanation.
Sectional arrangement drawing of the brushless DC motor of present embodiment shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and decomposition sectional arrangement drawing.Among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,1 expression brushless DC motor, 2 is rotor, and 3 is rotating shaft, and 10 is stator, and 19 is circuit unit, 20 for installing the substrate of motor 1.
Above-mentioned rotor 2 is pressed into rotating shaft at the middle body of the rotor yoke 4 that is the cup shape, pastes in week in rotor yoke 4 upper edges and is fixing rotor magnet (permanent magnet) 5.Rotor magnet becomes ring-type, makes alternately excitation of the N utmost point and the S utmost point at circumferencial direction, and 8 utmost point magnetization are arranged in the present embodiment.Rotor magnet 5 can be combined into by the permanent magnet of a plurality of watts of shapes, also the rubber magnet of sheet can be done circlewise.
Said stator 10 is by the 1st stator yoke the 11, the 2nd stator yoke 16, coil portion 12, with supporting rotating shaft 3 its rotation bearing 18 is freely constituted.The 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16 are that the soft magnetic metal plate is struck out definite shape, meet at right angles by making die-cut radiation direction extension complications afterwards, and magnetic poles 11a and 16a form cylinder 17 on the 2nd stator yoke 16.In the present embodiment, owing to be 8 utmost point motors 1, thereby on stator yoke 11,16 separately, certain intervals is along the circumferential direction arranged respectively be provided with four magnetic pole 11a, 16a.And the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16 make coil unit 12 mediate assemblings described later, and magnetic pole 11a and 16a are alternately disposed, and make two stator yokes 11 aim at assembling with 16 magnetic pole 11a in opposite directions with 16a.
Above-mentioned coil unit 12 by two ends have the resin bobbin 14 of ring flange 14a, magnet exciting coil 15 above twisting in it constitutes.And insert the cylinder 17 of the 2nd stator yoke 16 in the bobbin 14.Also have on two ring flange 14a of bobbin 14 along the outstanding a plurality of terminal plug 12a that are provided with of the direction of principal axis of motor 1; Determine the plug 12b of installation site of the ring flange direction of the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16; The plug 12c that when being fixed to the 2nd stator yoke on the substrate 20, is adopted.
On the substrate 20 of supporting stator 10, also has support 20a at central support rotor 2.On substrate 20, also be provided with the fixing energising hole 20c of fixed stator 10, and insert the circuit unit 19 of the magnetic pole detecting element 21 that fixedly has rotor magnet 5 from the outside of stator 10 opposite sides along the same direction of rotating shaft with hole 20b and magnet exciting coil 15 and circuit unit 19.The leading section of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotor 2 after the assembling is being adorned pad 22 and is being prevented that rotating shaft 3 from deviating from.The motor part is made of rotor 2 and stator 10.
At length narrate according to Fig. 3-Figure 12 below.
Pack into coil portion 12 between the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16, at first make the plug 12b of coil unit 12c aim at insertion with the hole 16c of the 2nd stator yoke 16, after this make the hole 11c of the 1st stator yoke 11 aim at insertion with the plug 12b of described coil unit 12, make the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16 secured in alignment at last, and the plug head after plug 12b is inserted is subjected to thermal consolidating and fixes.The 1st stator yoke the 11, the 2nd stator yoke 16 fixing can be that what to be pressed into also can be to adopt the punching press of machinery to reinforce, and constitutes the good magnetic circuit of balance by the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16.
On the substrate 20 that is contained in the stator 10 that supporting has been fixed, in the 20b of the hole of substrate 20, insert the spigot 12c of coil unit 12, and be fixed on the substrate 20 from the opposition side heating of stator 10.Stator 10 makes the terminal plug 12a of coil unit 12 be inserted into the hole 20c of substrate 20 with circuit unit 19, is fixed by welding in the electricity that works of going forward side by side on the circuit unit 19, and simultaneously, stator 10 is fixing with substrate 20 and circuit unit 19.And then magnetic pole detecting element 21 is installed on the circuit unit 19, and circuit unit 19 is by fixing by the plug 20d guiding of substrate 20 and can be correctly and stator 10 location.
Like this, according to the 1st embodiment, by the hole of the 1st stator yoke thrust with the synthetic resin of coil unit, the location of stator circumference direction is just easy, by the hole of the 2nd stator unit thrust with the synthetic resin of coil unit, but with regard to high accuracy and easily stator is fixed on the substrate.And, by a plurality of terminal plugs of giving prominence on the ring flange that is arranged at the coil-winding pipe this class effect is just arranged, the lead-out wire that can easily make magnet exciting coil connects with circuit unit, and then the magnetic pole detecting element of rotor magnet can easily be fixed and goes up in position.
Below to the present invention's the 2nd embodiment explanation.Figure 13, Figure 14 show present embodiment.
Among Figure 13, Figure 14, lead-out wire 15 is around twisting on the coil-winding pipe 14, and terminal plug 12a and coil-winding pipe 14 form one on flange section 14a, and lead-out wire 15 is wrapped in its front end on the terminal plug easily, and in order to prevent broken string, is provided with groove 12A.
Like this, according to the 2nd embodiment, by synthetic resin with the support sector of terminal plug and coil-winding is tubular is integral, can make the distance between terminal plug suitable, the management that is pressed into portion's size is easy, and then by the guiding groove of lead-out wire being set, the incidence of reduction broken string etc.
Further to the present invention's the 3rd embodiment explanation.Figure 15-Figure 17 shows present embodiment.
Among Figure 15-17, wind the line 15 around the volume excitation on the coil-winding pipe 14, terminal spigot 12a and coil-winding pipe 14 form one on ring flange 14a, terminal plug 12a is to consider the equidistant configuration of winding efficiency, and then make the front end 15 of the lead-out wire that twists in terminal plug 12a be wrapped in terminal plug 12a easily, and for preventing that broken string is provided with groove 12A.
Like this, according to the 3rd embodiment, by make the tubular guiding groove that is integral and makes the distance equalization between terminal plug and then be provided with lead-out wire of terminal plug and coil-winding by synthetic resin, just can easily set the position of occasions such as the size management that makes the portion of being pressed into and winding operation automation, and can improve the efficient of winding operation, improve terminal plug intensity.
According to above-mentioned the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment, also owing to assemble stator, rotor and circuit unit respectively, and the structure of circuit unit is installed from the outside of substrate, thereby is installed easily.
According to above-mentioned the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment, also can make assembling good, engineering management is easy.Particularly has the effect that stator and rotor assembling are carried out in the restriction that not whether finished by circuit unit.
According to above-mentioned the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment, also can obtain following effect, promptly since the erection space of circuit unit increase thereby can use cheap electronic unit, and the degree of freedom of generation wiring diagram, the assembling operability height of circuit unit, pull down fastening pad by the hole of dividing from central division, under the state that circuit unit is kept intact, just can take off rotor separately.
According to above-mentioned the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment, also have following effect, promptly directly be welded on the circuit unit, more in the past than the utilance height of drawing the method that connects again behind the lead-out wire by the terminal plug that makes coil unit.
According to above-mentioned the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment, also have following effect, even under circuit unit and the unmatched occasion of rotor, the replacement of circuit unit and rotor, maintenance or adjustment operation also can be carried out easily.
According to above-mentioned the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment, have following effect, promptly particularly the comparable example in the past of stator department is thinner, thereby the thin products that meets market demand can be provided.
The 4th embodiment below is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.Figure 18 is the sectional arrangement drawing of the brushless DC motor of present embodiment, and shown in Figure 19 is its exploded perspective view.Among Figure 18 and Figure 19,1 is brushless DC motor, and 2 is rotor, and 10 is stator, and 19 is circuit unit, and 20 for installing the substrate of motor 1.
Above-mentioned rotor 2 is the cup shape, and middle body is pressed into rotating shaft 3, pastes fixed rotor magnets (permanent magnet) 5 in interior circumferential portion on the rotor yoke 4.Rotor magnet 5 becomes ring-type, and along the circumferential direction makes the N utmost point and S utmost point alternating magnetization.
And form the resin turntable 6 that is covering on rotor yoke 4 peripheries.Therefore not only make operation reduce the horizontality that also can guarantee turntable 6.
7 for chucking magnet (rotor magnet), as Figure 23 and shown in Figure 24, is multipole magnetized.N, the S configuration as shown in figure 23 of its direction of magnetization forms closed magnetic circuit as shown in figure 24.Therefore with to be that same direction ground magnetizes different with flow direction in the past, magnetic circuit shortens, and leakage flux reduces, and consequently not only prevents the harmful effect of motor but also increases the sorption bed knife.The occasion of chucking magnet 7 is set on turntable 6 separately as shown in figure 19, the sort of leakage flux shown in Figure 24 reduces, and it is shown in Figure 36 as the back, the occasion of magnet 7 is set on the stator yoke 4 that forms by magnetic material, magnetic flux is by magnetic material, even thereby form shown in Figure 23 also can have the effect identical with Figure 24.
Said stator 10 is the 1st stator yokes 11 by upside among the figure, coil unit 12, and the 2nd stator yoke 16 of downside, sleeve 17 and supporting rotating shaft 3 rotations bearing 18 freely constitute.
The 1st stator yoke 11,16 is formed by the soft magnetic metal plate, and strikes out after the definite shape as Figure 20 and shown in Figure 21, bends to the right angle by the extension that makes radiation direction and forms magnetic pole 11a or 16a.In the present embodiment, motor 1 is the structure of 8 utmost points, thereby guarantees in a circumferential direction on stator yoke 11,16 that respectively required interval is provided with 4 magnetic pole 11a, 16a.And two stator yokes 11 and 16, the sleeve 17 that is made of this class soft magnetic material as shown in the figure is equipped with in the centre, and magnetic pole 11a is installed in a circumferential direction, and 16a also makes it be aligned with each other assembling to constitute magnetic circuit.
Above-mentioned coil unit 12 is had resin of ring flange 14a and so on by two ends coil-winding pipe and the magnet exciting coil above twisting in it 15 constitute.And above-mentioned sleeve 17 as shown in figure 22, is cylindric, is provided with the Embedded Division 17a that both ends form step part, is inserted into the patchhole 11b or the 16b of each stator yoke 11,16 central authorities.The outstanding plug 12b that is provided with on two ring flange 14a of bobbin 14, and hole 11c or the 16c that cooperates these plugs 12b be set respectively on two stator yokes 11,16, when the 1st, the 2nd stator yoke 11,16 and coil unit 12 assemblings, be used for determining and two stator yoke 11,16 relative positions at circumferencial direction.
The location of two stator yokes 11 and 16 relative position, except aforesaid plug 12b and mating holes 11c, 16c are set, also can become polygon or non-circular, in assembling, carry out the location of relative position on the circumferencial direction by flat shape with the Embedded Division 17a of sleeve 17 ends and the patchhole 11b, the 16b that insert wherein each stator yoke 11,16.
After assembling out stator 10 by the 1st stator yoke 11, coil unit 12, sleeve 17 and the 2nd stator yoke 16, also the installing hole 19a of circuit unit 19 is set to the cooperation ledge 20a of substrate 20 middle bodies that are convex, and overlapping bearing from the below that cooperates ledge 20a, with assembling motor integral body.Bearing 18 forms the also big flange portions 18a in hole than the cooperation protuberance 20a of substrate 20 in the lower end, in the sleeve 17 of the stator 10 that assembles from below be inserted into above, make the 1st stator yoke 11, the 2 stator yokes 12 fixing by the ca(u)lk that makes upper end side peristome 18b hole enlargement by anchor clamps with sleeve 17.Certainly pressuredly go into to make bearing fixing also passable in the 1st stator yoke the 11, the 2nd stator yoke 12.The magnetic pole detecting element of 21 expression detection rotor position of magnetic poles among the figure.
The circuit unit 19 that is arranged on the substrate 20 is to give the magnetic pole detecting element (Hall element) 21 that is arranged on the circuit 19 is positioned on the certain position, by fastening and join and be fixed with screw to being located at hole on circuit unit 19 and the substrate 20.
Thereby in the present embodiment, by making the insertion section that is located at sleeve ends and the patchhole of two stator yokes form non-circular in advance, as long as being embedded patchhole, the insertion section just can assemble stator, thereby not only can become easy to the circumferencial direction location but also the assembling of two stator yokes, and then need not be with on each stator yoke, annular section was set like that in the past, can make bobbin increasing around scroll is long-pending radially, be particularly suitable for the TV of miniaturization.
Because what clip substrate between the ring flange of bearing and stator cooperates the ledge installation base plate, thus do not need with screw being set like that with fastening stator of screw and substrate in the past, thus the simple structure assembling operation is simplified.
The assembling of substrate is to be pressed into by calculation bearing to cooperate protuberance and lean on the flange portions clamping of bearing to be the cooperation protuberance of burnishing surface, thereby can guarantee the vertical precision of bearing.Be to assemble in addition, thereby can guarantee between coiler part and substrate, to install the space of circuit unit and magnetic pole detecting element by the cooperation ledge of substrate.
In the present embodiment,, thereby component count minimizing, installation procedure are reduced also because rotor and turntable constitute one, and then when assembling problem of tilting of turntable arranged can not resembling in the past, can guarantee the horizontal accuracy of turntable, operability improves during batch process, and cost reduces significantly.
Below to the 5th embodiment explanation of the present invention.In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 25, on two stator yokes 11,16 sleeve (cylindrical portion) 23 is made integral body, the fore-end of two sleeves 23 is had cut the notch part 24 that a semi-circumferential becomes, making mutually can be chimeric.Two sleeves 23 make two stator yokes assembling back direction of principal axis length long approximately half, and by setting the direction of two barbed portion 24 suitably, and can be to the relative position location of the circumferencial direction of two stator yokes 11,16.Can also will make the stator yoke of same shape by the position of selecting two barbed portion 24 suitably as two stator yokes 11,16.
Further to the 6th embodiment explanation of the present invention.In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 26, on a stator yoke 16 that constitutes stator 10, sleeve 26 is set integrally, and is provided with the embedded hole 27 of setting-in sleeve 26 front ends at the middle body of another stator yoke 11.And in middle groups installs the sleeve 26 of two stator yokes 11,16 of coil unit 12 as shown in figure 27 by being pressed into or ca(u)lk is directly installed the structure of bearing 18.
Therefore need the cylindrical portion of a stator yoke need not resembling in the past in the present embodiment, stator yoke is easy to processing, can not only guarantee the volume that coiling occupied of coil unit, also reduces components number, simplifies operation.
Below to the 7th embodiment explanation of the present invention.In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 28, on the substrate 20 of supporting motor 1, integrally form sleeve 28, the structure of bearing 29 is set in this sleeve 28.And the end portion in the figure of sleeve 28 forms the step part of supporting stator 10, in the space that stator 10 and 20 of substrates can be guaranteed configuration circuit unit 19 and magnetic pole detecting element 21.
Thereby present embodiment not only components number reduce assembling procedure and reduce the space that is provided with that also can guarantee circuit substrate, can obtain the vertical precision of bearing in addition really.
Further to the present invention's the 8th embodiment explanation.Be as shown in figure 29 in the present embodiment, the sleeve 17 usefulness high permeability materials that are contained on the inboard of stator 10 of block bearing 29 are made.
Thereby, because in the inboard auxiliary magnetic circuit that forms of stator, made occasion that the magnetic flux of coil unit side strengthens along with the area of inboard magnetic circuit reduces to take place easily magnetic saturation in the past, but in the present embodiment owing to forming auxiliary magnetic circuit thereby the magnetic pole that magnetic saturation obtains to strengthen can taking place.
Further to the 9th embodiment explanation of the present invention.Present embodiment is to prevent that rotor magnet from producing dysgenic structure to the magnetic pole detecting element.Be magnetic pole detecting element 21 as shown in figure 30, be set to the position relative slightly, by the magnetic flux action of about 90 ° of direction A of coming out from rotor magnet 5 with rotor magnet 5.But in the support member such as substrate 20 that magnetic pole detecting element 21 is installed is the occasion of magnetic material, the rotor magnet leakage flux becomes parallel magnetic flux (arrow among the figure is vowed B) by support member 20 and acts on the magnetic pole detecting element, and the magnetic pole detecting element may misoperation.
For this reason, in the present embodiment in the occasion of installing, be by nonmagnetic substance aluminium, Chun Tou (Zhen Tou for example as Figure 31), non-magnetic stainless steel or resin and pottery etc. constitute the support member 20 of the magnetic pole detecting element periphery of supporting magnetic pole detecting elements 21.By this class measure, when for example the magnetic pole detecting element being embedded in the support member configuration, also can prevent misoperation effectively.
Then to the present invention's the 10th embodiment explanation.Shown in figure 32, be to make that being arranged on magnetic pole detecting element 21 on the circuit unit 19 can easily be positioned on the assigned position relative with rotor magnet 5 in the present embodiment.
Promptly shown in figure 32, the outstanding polarized plug 31 that is provided with on substrate 20, on a stator yoke 16 of circuit unit 19 and stator 10, location hole 32,32 is set, by respectively hole 32 and 33 sequentially being inserted into polarized plug 31, stator 10 and magnetic pole detecting element 21 just can easily be located during assembling.
Certainly as polarized plug and the hole that is enclosed within above it, also can on stator side and circuit unit, give prominence to polarized plug is set, and establish the hole, can construct with casting of metals as polarized plug in other places, also can be made of one structure, also make after assembling removable by resin.
Below to the 11st embodiment explanation of the present invention.Present embodiment is to make the lead-out wire 15a of magnet exciting coil 15 of the coil unit 12 be assembled in stator 10 float because of rotor 2 rotations, prevents to contact with the lower end of rotor 2.
For this reason, in the present embodiment as shown in figure 33, near the extension of the downside magnet exciting coil 15 of bobbin 14 below be provided with plug 35, make after lead-out wire 15 is wound into this plug 35, be welded on the circuit unit 19 on the substrate 20 by scolding tin 36.Also can on substrate 20, be provided with through hole 37 as shown in figure 34, by scolding tin 36 be welded in substrate 20 below.Also can be welded in the inside one side of circuit unit 19 by scolding tin 36 as shown in figure 35.
Thereby, owing to present embodiment is the end of magnet exciting coil to be wrapped on the outstanding terminal plug that is arranged on bobbin be fixed on the circuit unit, thereby, can prevent to contact with rotor when draw the position of leaving rotor.Be that angle can be introduced from the below as shown in the figure.Further after fixing, if make the end that unclamps introduce the hole that is located on the substrate, end just can not expose, and its advantage is to prevent contact raising operability.
Below to the present invention's the 12nd embodiment explanation.In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 36, turntable 6 is to cover on the outer surface of rotor yoke 4 of rotor 2.Turntable 6 usefulness resins or metal material are made, and are provided with the fixedly chucking magnet 7 of usefulness of sorption in the upper face side.And be provided with engagement formation 40 between rotor yoke 4 and the turntable 6.This engagement formation 40 is such structures, promptly along the circumferential direction forms the cooperating recesses 41 of groove shape on the sidepiece excircle of rotor yoke 4, along the circumferential direction is provided with on week to catch up with in the sidepiece of turntable 6 to state the engagement protrusion thing 42 that cooperating recesses 41 cooperates.
Thereby, by between rotor yoke and turntable, being provided with engagement formation, when the formed turntable of resin is integrally formed on the rotor yoke, can prevent that resin etc. from upwards moving from rotor yoke in the present embodiment.Certainly as above-mentioned engagement formation, can be that the groove shape also can be poroid, and match with it outstanding also can make one of above-mentioned shape.
The present invention only adopts the foregoing description explanation, but the present invention is not limited by the foregoing description, and relates to reach all forms of the object of the invention.
Like this, according to above-mentioned 4-the 12nd embodiment, by cooperating the ledge assembling substrates what accompany substrate between the ring flange of bearing and the stator, thereby need screw be set need not resembling in the past and screw is fastening, simple structure and assembling operation are simplified.
Also have the assembling of substrate, cooperate teat to load onto, but just the clamping of mat bearing flange portion is formed on cooperation teat on the burnishing surface, thereby can guarantee the vertical precision of bearing as long as bearing is pressed into.In addition, owing to be to install by the cooperation ledge of substrate, thereby the gap that can guarantee configuration circuit substrate and magnetic pole detecting element between coil and substrate, generally speaking the assembled portion number of packages reduces, and it is also easy assemble, and assembling procedure reduces, and then the performance raising.
Below to the present invention's the 13rd embodiment explanation.Present embodiment describes the occasion that the brushless DC motor 1 of outer rotor-type shown in Figure 37 is suitable for.
The rotor 2 of present embodiment is to paste to be cylindric at the extremely magnetized rotor magnet 5 of circumferencial direction 4 on the inner peripheral surface of cup shape rotor yoke 4 as shown in figure 37, and makes rotating shaft 11 be pressed into middle body to constitute.That rotor magnet 5 can make the combination of dividing body and a plurality of segment or make tablet roll up multipole magnetized.
As shown in figure 38, have the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16 with rotor magnet 5 extremely relative, the 1st stator yoke 11 is formed by the soft magnetic metal plate, after being die-cut into required form, through crooked magnetic poles 11a, by deep-draw processing one the 1st stator yoke 11 is shaped at core ring 23.By same method, the 2nd stator yoke 16 is shaped, comprise magnetic pole 16a and ring 17, insert bearing 18 in the ring 17.Half i.e. two utmost point that the magnetic pole of the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16 respectively has a magnet number of poles, corresponding magnetic pole 11a aims at assembling in opposite directions with 16a.Also having the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16 is same shape, and change direction and angle make up during assembling.In the middle of between the 1st stator yoke 11 and the 2nd stator yoke 16 exciting coil unit 12 is housed, and constitutes stator 10 by the 1st, the 2nd stator yoke 11,16 and coil unit 12.Below the 2nd stator yoke 16, disposed position detecting element (claiming element suddenly) 21 to call in the following text, it is that a transducer is used for the magnetic pole of detection rotor magnet 5, and the structure of Hall element 21 is the structures that can be assembled on the circuit unit 19 of the components of drive circuit that is provided with electrode 1.
And in the present embodiment as shown in figure 41, the angle of spread ψ of each magnetic pole 11a and 16a compares with the angle of spread θ of per 1 utmost point, forms more than 75% but less than 100% range size.In other words, when circumferencial direction was looked, the start point θ of relative rotor magnet 5 each utmost point of start point ψ that makes each magnetic pole 11a, 11b of stator 10 was more than 75% but less than 100% from the pivot of rotor 2.
Below based on Figure 39～Figure 42 the reason of doing like this is described.Figure 39 and Figure 40 are the simple plane graphs of explanation machine operation principle, and Figure 41 is the major part amplification view of the explanation angle of spread, and Figure 42 is the key diagram of the tooth torque of explanation motor.
General brushless DC motor 1 rotor magnet 5 is as follows with the relation of each magnetic pole 11a, 16a of stator 10.Promptly as Figure 39 and shown in Figure 40, the rotor magnet 5 of ring-type is installed on the inner peripheral surface of rotor yoke 4, rotor magnet 5 equidistantly radially makes each the segment magnetization of each utmost point in a circumferential direction.And relative with rotor magnet 5, alternately disposed the magnetic pole 11a of the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke 11,16,11a.As each magnetic pole 11a, the shape of 16a, rectangular shaped and platform shape shape and forwards be symmetric shape to rotation and backward directions rotations.
In addition, the tooth torque takes place in mat rotor magnet 5 and the magnetic circuit that stator yoke 11,16 is constituted, and the 90 ° of torques in the every interval of electrical angle just are 0.But torque is 0 point, has rotor to be point of instability that can't be static and to have rotor to stablize static point of safes at this point that at this some point of instability and point of safes alternately exist.
If in more detail this relation is described, at magnetic pole 11a as shown in figure 39,16a be centered close to rotor magnet 5 pole boundaries the time, at magnetic pole 11a as shown in figure 40, the pole center of the center of 16a and rotor magnet 5 is on time, is the tooth torque and is 0 position.On the other hand, energising can obtain the magnetic pole 11a of breakdown torque in the coiling 15, the position of 16a and rotor magnet 5 concerns that the pole boundary of rotor magnet 5 is in magnetic pole 11a as shown in figure 39, the position at the center of 16a just can obtain the starting torque bigger than the energising initial stage if allow it be in point of safes in this position.Thereby for motor 1, the position relation by row's rotor magnet and magnetic pole makes it become point of safes as shown in Figure 39, makes self-starting become possibility with regard to there not being the dead point, so as long as make this class state, just.And by changing magnetic pole 11a, the width of the circumferencial direction of 16a changes the position of the point of instability position rotor magnet relative with magnetic pole with change with the point of safes position.In a word, by length P corresponding to the circumferencial direction of a magnetic pole of rotor magnet shown in Figure 41 5, change each magnetic pole 11a, the width m of the circumferencial direction of 16a, just can make point of instability position and point of safes change in location become possibility, point of safes is set at aforementioned maximum excitation torque position in the textural possibility that becomes.Present embodiment is conceived to this viewpoint and constitutes.
Further be illustrated from the electrical characteristic of motor based on Figure 42.
Figure 42 (a)-(b) is the figure of the tooth torque of explanation brushless DC motor 1.Transverse axis illustrates electrical angle, and the longitudinal axis illustrates torque (relative value).That Figure 42 (a) illustrates is the magnetic pole 11a of the stator 10 of the circumferencial direction length (to call every utmost point length P in the following text) with respect to per 1 utmost point of rotor magnet 5, and the ratio m/P of wide (to call the wide m of magnetic pole in the following text) of 16a circumferencial direction is 85% o'clock tooth torque.In Figure 42 (b), Figure 42 (c), Figure 42 (d), show 80%, 75%, 70% o'clock tooth torque respectively equally.From these figure as can be known the motor stabilizing point be 0 °, 180 ° (π), 360 ° (π), point of instability is 90 ° (pi/2s), 270 ° (3 pi/2).Point of safes is the border of rotor magnet 5 each utmost point as shown in figure 39 when being positioned at the center of each magnetic pole 11a, 16a, and point of instability is center and each magnetic pole 11a of rotor magnet 5 each utmost point as shown in figure 40, in the time of the centrally aligned of 16a.Magnetic pole is wide like this be 80% o'clock tooth torque near sinusoidal wave shape, along with the shape that narrows down of the wide m of magnetic pole becomes disorderly, can doubling at 75% lower frequency, just to have occurred torque near 45 ° be 0 point to electrical angle.But near the torque these 45 ° is at 0 is point of instability through experimental verification.But electrical angle point of safes just occurs every 90 ° when the wide m of magnetic pole is 70%.
The position of the position of Figure 39 relation, Figure 40 concerns that any one point of safes all occurs in a word, and the state at Figure 39 is short of stable reliability usually.At the wide m of magnetic pole is also because the state of Figure 40 is point of safes and the state of Figure 39 is point of instability thereby total wish can the motor self-starting below 70%.The wide m of magnetic pole becomes big near the magnetic leakage between 100% o'clock adjacent pole on the other hand, and because of alignment error also can exist magnetic pole is contacted with each other, but as long as adjacent pole does not interfere with each other, making scope of application expansion is possible up to nearly 100%.
And in the above-mentioned explanation, be according to the wide m explanation of magnetic pole of the length P of the circumferential direction of a magnetic pole of rotor magnet 5 and stator 10, determine the occasion that magnetic pole is wide in the length of circumferential direction than m/P, because the influence of the size of the air gap g between magnetic pole 11a, 11b and the rotor magnet 5 will obtain right value according to both.Therefore as shown in figure 41, use the setting that the method represented for the angle of the circumferencial direction of the pivot of motor 1 can be correct.Promptly as shown in figure 41, the start point of establishing rotor magnet 5 every utmost points is θ, magnetic pole 11a, and the angle of spread of 16a is ψ, it is wide correctly to obtain magnetic pole with the method for the expression of ψ/θ * 100(%).
Therefore be wide in the present embodiment according to both angle of spread θ and ψ setting magnetic pole.The start point θ of the length dimension P that the circumferential direction that adopts in the explanation of front has been shown in the table 1, table 2 and the ratio of m and present embodiment is different with the ratio of ψ.
Table 1 expression magnetic pole is 8 utmost points, and the internal diameter of rotor magnet 5 is 15.8mm, and the external diameter of stator 10 is 15.2mm, the air gap is the occasion of 0.3mm, and table 2 expression magnetic pole is 8 utmost points, and the internal diameter of rotor magnet 5 is 16.2mm, stator outer diameter is 15.2mm, and the air gap is the occasion of 0.5mm.
Ratio ψ/the θ of the ratio m/P of the length dimension of circumferencial direction and the angle of spread, the occasion that motor diameter is big in that air gap g is little, both do not have difference, but the little occasion of motor diameter just produces both poor in that air gap g is big.
As for both optimum ranges of ratio of the angle of spread, scope following is limited to 70% of circumferencial direction length ratio m/P, and roughly to be equivalent to ψ/θ * 100 be 75%.Range limit is not because adjacent pole must contact on the other hand, and ψ/θ * 100 will be less than 100%.And as described later, also for the relation of the side-play amount of magnetic pole detecting element 21, with respect to the ratio of the magnetic pole angle of spread ψ of every utmost point angle of spread θ, promptly the scope of ψ/θ is preferably in more than 75% but less than 100%.And be best near the result of the test 85%.
Below for the brushless DC motor that starts above-mentioned formation suitably according to Figure 43 and Figure 44 explanation.
Figure 43 is that the tooth torque and the excitation of expression brushless DC motor 1 changeed the figure of yoke relation, and transverse axis is an electrical angle, and the longitudinal axis is represented torque.A is the profile of tooth torque, and b is the excitation torque.Point of safes is 0, π, 2 π.Figure 44 represents an example of the drive circuit of brushless DC motor 1, and the S utmost point or the N utmost point of Hall element 21 detection rotor magnets 5 make transistor Q
1Or Q
2Open, disconnect and alternately make coil 15 energisings with each the magnetic pole 11a to stator 10,16a excitation.
Get back to Figure 39, Figure 40 does further explanation to the position that is provided with of Hall element 21.Hall element 21 set positions that the switched energization electric current is used become by in the middle of magnetic pole 11a and the magnetic pole 16a, more wish to be partial to and see the position that opposite side staggers from direction of rotation.In the present embodiment, because direction of rotation is a counter-clockwise direction, Hall element staggers in the clockwise direction.Because Hall element 21 staggers, reverse just starting initial stage rotor 2, even reverse owing to carry out the switching of exciting current immediately, thereby obtain desirable rotation.The position of the Hall element 21 of Figure 43 is to depart from 20 ° state as electrical angle.For example, making the left-handed occasion of rotor 2, staggers with the position of magnetic pole 11a in the position of Hall element 21.If the S utmost point of detection rotor magnet 5 makes magnetic pole 11a excitation so that magnetic pole 11a is the S utmost point, magnetic pole 16a for the N utmost point by the attraction that repels each other, rotor 2 is to anticlockwise.Rotor magnet is the state along counter rotation when position shown in Figure 40 just at this moment.Yet even for being rotated in a clockwise direction, Hall element 21 detects the N utmost point of rotor magnet 5, and switched energization is rotated in the counterclockwise direction.Just in time be the torque that is an impediment to the oblique line part of Figure 43 direction of rotation this moment.The torque that hinders rotation when the side-play amount of Hall element 21 is big more is just big more, owing to bring bad influence for torque characteristics and revolving property, thereby the best electrical angle of side-play amount is below 45 °.
If Hall element 21 is disposed at the neutral point place (skew is 0 state) of the tooth torque in the middle of both magnetic pole 11a, the 16a, owing to there is not the torque of aforementioned braking composition, the dead point takes place and can't starts, thereby side-play amount must be bigger than 0.Consider that rigging error preferably departs from more than 5 °.
With reference to the ratio ψ/θ of table 3 for the angle of spread of magnetic pole, from the startability motor feature of motor, the side-play amount aspect of magnetic pole detecting element 21 is discussed.Table 3 illustrates present inventor's result of the test.The motor of present embodiment easily causes magnetic leakage between adjacent pole because of small-sized when making the wide increase of magnetic pole, and startability is preferable but poor compared with the narrow occasion of motor characteristic aspect magnetic leakage.But, also just can satisfy the abundant motor feature different with table 3 if ratio increases between big magnetic pole along with motor becomes.When magnetic pole wide 70% is following, the point of safes of rotor magnet 5 appears at the state of Figure 40, and starting performance goes wrong.Magnetic pole is wide to be 60～70%, and the tooth torque diminishes because the gap between rotor magnet 5 and magnetic pole 11a, 16a becomes big, so can start but how many shortcomings of reliability.45-55% can't start for the described formation of present embodiment, but can consider for example to be provided with a plurality of magnetic pole detecting elements 21, and configuration is 1 on the aforesaid position of present embodiment; The position that electrical angle departs from the 30-60 degree approximately disposes 1 again, also can guarantee starting performance by measures such as the tooth torque diminish.Even take these measures also to be difficult to guarantee starting performance below 40% to magnetic pole is wide.As the side-play amount of magnetic pole detecting element 21 when bigger than 45 degree, the torque of not braking composition just diminishes in addition, and motor characteristic is worthless with regard to variation.If but,, I think and to utilize according to purposes up to 90 °.In fact, from shown in the table 3, the ratio that can know the angle of spread of knowing the every utmost point of rotor magnet and magnetic pole angle of spread ψ is that the scope of ψ/θ is wished more than 75% but less than 100%, and optimum range is near 85%.
Present embodiment is for the embodiment of the outer rotor-type of 4 utmost points narration, even in addition 2 utmost points of number of poles, 6 utmost points, 8 extremely more than also can, even and if the motor of internal rotor type also have effect same.And applicable to the 1st～the 12nd embodiment.
Like this according to present embodiment, by the angle of spread that makes rotor magnetic pole be the every utmost point angle of spread of rotor magnet more than 75% but less than 100%, just can be, and obtain stable rising automatically and big starting torque with the point of safes of rotor as maximum excitation torque position.
Because pole form is simple rectangular shape and platform shape shape, and be the motor configuration that the stator yoke of same shape is made up in opposite directions, thereby have following effect and promptly make easily good manufacturability, can low price realize having motor performance preferably simultaneously.
Below to the 14th embodiment explanation of the present invention.Present embodiment is different with the 1st of front～the 13rd embodiment, is applicable to that rotor and stator are the brushless DC motors of the laminated formation of laminated steel plate.Figure 45 and Figure 46 illustrate the stator of present embodiment.Figure 48 and Figure 49 show the rotor 47 of present embodiment.
The stator of present embodiment such as Figure 45 and shown in Figure 46, stator yoke 5 make the laminated formation of polylith copper coin that strikes out the regulation shape, make to become 4 utmost points structure, constitute that magnetic pole is wide to satisfy the condition identical with front embodiment.Configuration magnet exciting coil 46 on each magnetic pole 45a of stator yoke 45.
As the structure of each magnetic pole 45a of stator 45, assemble also passable to the laminated respectively formed parts of pole parts as shown in figure 47.The stator yoke 45 of Figure 47 is the improvement to the stator yoke 45 of Figure 45, and to have such structure be that coil unit 51 constitutes around the magnet exciting coil 46 that twists on the resinousness bobbin 51a, and being inserted into the pin 45d of magnetic pole 45a, the base end part 45b setting-in of magnetic pole 45a advances auxiliary section 45c.As for its effect, the coil-winding during shape shown in Figure 45 must wind the line on the foot section of each magnetic pole, and to stator yoke shown in Figure 47 45, as long as to the bobbin coiling, the operability of coiling improves and optimization technology.
And can also be as Figure 48 and formation stator yoke shown in Figure 49.Figure 48 does not have rotor.The stator yoke 47 of Figure 48 realizes having identical shaped with the stator yoke of having described among Fig. 1 Figure 19 11 or 16 with laminated structure.The stator yoke of having described among Fig. 1 and Figure 19 11 or 16 is that the soft magnetic material that strikes out the shape of wanting is crooked again and form magnetic pole 11a or 16a, but the occasion of the stator yoke 47 of Figure 48 be by will being die-cut into required form stator yoke substrate 48 be die-cut into required form and the multi-disc magnetic pole 49 after laminated in the same manner and adopt fixtures such as plugs or screw to be installed in the structure that mounting portion 48a reaches same effect.Figure 48, the substrate 48 of stator yoke is 1 among Figure 49, considers that magnetic saturation intensity also can adopt multi-disc.And the fixing means of magnetic pole 49 also can be welding etc.According to this stator yoke 47, the vortex flow loss iron loss of more debatable stator yoke can reduce when the motor revolution is high, and since stator yoke all be die-cut manufacturing thereby reach high accuracy easily and optimize technology.
As brushless DC motor, the same previous embodiment that has is the same, and the magnetic pole of stator yoke constitutes through bending, the same present embodiment that also has is the same, constitute by laminated steel plate, and rotor magnet is not limited to constitute assembling by segment, can also be applicable to motor by casting and sintering manufacturing.Present embodiment is to the motor explanation of the radial clearance of outer rotor-type structure, also relates to internal rotor type and end play structure etc. in addition and reaches all forms of identical purpose.
Clear from the above description, the applicable especially micro-machine of brushless DC motor of the present invention is suitable for improving the starting performance of brushless electric machine.
Table 1
m/P×100（%） ψ/θ×100（%）
90 94
85 88
80 83
75 78
70 73
Table 2
m/P×100（%） ψ/θ×100（%）
90 96
85 90
80 85
75 80
70 74
Table 3
The wide magnetic pole detecting element of magnetic pole side-play amount (electrical angle)
ψ/θ×100% 0 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 90
95 × ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ △ △ ×
90 × ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ △ △ △ ×
85 × ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ △ △ △ ×
80 × ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ △ △ △ ×
75 × ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ △ △ ×
70 × △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ ×
65 × △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ ×
60 × △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ ×
55 × △× △× △× △× △× △× △× △× △× ×
50 × △× △× △× △× △× △× △× △× △× ×
45 × △× △× △× △× △× △× △× △× △× ×
40 × × × × × × × × × × ×
◎-starting performance, motor characteristic are all good.
Zero-starting performance, motor characteristic are all better.
Always there is one in △-starting performance, the motor characteristic poorly.
△ *-starting performance is bad, can use by some measures.
*-can not start.
Claims (27)
1, a kind of brshless DC motor comprises: have rotating shaft at the center of rotor yoke, have a rotor of the rotor magnet of ring-type that a plurality of utmost points are magnetized or fan-shaped in a circumferential direction; A pair of stator yoke with the formed magnetic pole of crooked soft magnetic metal plate by assembling in opposite directions, and aforementioned rotor magnet between have air gap, the stator of the aforementioned magnetic pole of alternate configurations in a circumferential direction; On the coil-winding pipe of the synthetic resin that is provided with between aforementioned a pair of stator yoke, ring flange is arranged in the end, be provided with the coil unit of magnet exciting coil; Also be provided with the circuit unit of the magnetic pole detecting element of the position of magnetic pole that detects aforementioned rotor magnet, and above-mentioned parts all be installed on the substrate,
It is characterized in that, the outstanding thrust that is provided with on the ring flange of described coil-winding pipe, and with the position of the corresponding described stator yoke of this thrust on mating holes is set, simultaneously on described substrate, mating holes is set, through hole is set on the stator yoke of a side joining with this substrate, outstanding setting can be inserted the thrust of described through hole and mating holes on the ring flange of described coil-winding pipe, also on the ring flange of described coil-winding pipe, give prominence to the terminal plug that twines described magnet exciting coil front end is set, the jack of this terminal plug is set on described stator yoke and substrate, described circuit unit is installed on the described substrate from the relative side of described stator.
2, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is that the center disposes a plurality of described terminal plugs with the rotating shaft on same circumference, and being spaced apart equidistantly between the terminals of adjacent plug.
3, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described terminal plug is by the synthetic resin support, and this support sector is formed on the described coil-winding pipe.
4, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, is provided with the groove of the end of the described magnet exciting coil of guiding in the support sector of described terminal plug.
5, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, with the rotating shaft is that the center disposes a plurality of described terminal plugs on same circumference, and being spaced apart equidistantly between the terminals of adjacent plug is provided with the groove of the end that guides described magnet exciting coil in the support sector of the described terminal plug of being made by synthetic resin.
6, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, make described terminal plug and described coil-winding is tubular becomes one by synthetic resin, with the rotating shaft is that the center is provided with a plurality of this terminal plugs on same circumference, and being spaced apart equidistantly between the terminals of adjacent plug is provided with the groove that guides described magnet exciting coil end in the support sector of the described terminal plug of being made by synthetic resin.
7, a kind of brshless DC motor comprises: have the rotor that makes the ring-type rotor magnet of the N utmost point and S utmost point alternating magnetization on the rotating shaft of middle body of the rotor yoke of being arranged on and the circumferencial direction; By making the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke, guarantee certain interval with side face, and make the stator of the magnetic pole alternate configurations of the described the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke along described rotor magnet mutually in the face of assembling with the formed magnetic pole of crooked soft magnetic metal plate; Between between two stator yokes of this stator, be provided with, have the coil unit that is provided with magnet exciting coil on the coil-winding pipe of ring flange in the end; Be inserted in the through hole that is located at described stator middle body, support the sleeve of described rotating shaft in inside by bearing,
It is characterized in that, on a distolateral mounting portion that is provided with substrate ring flange, that fixedly install described stator of described bearing, form the cooperation teat of cross section convex, by described stator being fixedly installed on the substrate at the teat that cooperates that clips this substrate between the ring flange of described bearing and the stator.
8, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, at described sleeve the Embedded Division that two ends have step part is set, and is provided with the embedded hole of this Embedded Division of setting-in on the described the 1st and the 2nd stator yoke.
9, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the embedded hole of the Embedded Division of described sleeve and the 1st, the 2nd stator yoke is a polygon or non-circular.
10, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the plug that twines the magnet exciting coil lead-out wire is set towards circuit unit one side one is outstanding on described coil-winding pipe, and makes it can assemble under described lead-out wire is wrapped in the state of plug.
11, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the turntable that is covering described rotor yoke is integrally formed on the rotor yoke.
12, it is characterized in that the engagement formation that described rotor yoke and turntable setting are made of cooperating recesses that cooperatively interacts and engagement protrusion as claim 7 or 11 described brshless DC motors.
13, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the sorption fixedly chucking magnet used of rotational workpieces and makes magnetic circuit the shortest and constitute by being magnetized into many magnetic poles or making a plurality of segments combinations.
14, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the described the 1st and the middle body of the 2nd stator yoke along the bending direction of described magnetic pole is outstanding cylindrical portion is set respectively, thereby each cylindrical portion chimeric locating notch in a circumferential direction position mutually on concentric shafts.
15, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, make sleeve be integrally formed in described the 1st, the 2nd stator yoke one, form the embedded hole of the described barrel forward end of setting-in on another stator yoke, in described sleeve by being pressed into or ca(u)lk makes the bearing set.
16, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, bearing is formed on the substrate that fixedly installs described sleeve.
17, it is characterized in that as claim 7 or 8 or 9 or 15 described brshless DC motors, form described sleeve by high permeability material.
18, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, is made of the standing part and the peripheral part of the magnetic pole detecting element of the described rotor magnetic pole of fixed test nonmagnetic substance.
19, it is characterized in that as claim 7 or 18 described brshless DC motors, at the circuit unit of the magnetic pole detecting element of the described rotor magnetic pole of fixed test, fix between the substrate and described stator of this circuit unit, be provided with the location engagement formation that constitutes by polarized plug and the location hole that cooperates with this plug.
20, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, gives prominence to the plug of the lead-out wire of the magnet exciting coil that the winding around unit is set on described stator, and the front end of lead-out wire anchors on the circuit unit.
21, a kind of brshless DC motor comprises: be provided with the rotor that forms the rotor magnet of a plurality of magnetic poles at circumferencial direction on rotor yoke; And have the air gap between the described rotor magnet and have the stator that is arranged alternately a plurality of magnetic poles on stator yoke in a circumferential direction; Be arranged on the coil unit that has on the described stator yoke the magnet exciting coil of the magnetic pole excitation of described stator; Detect the magnetic pole detecting element of described rotor magnet polarity,
It is characterized in that, near the maximum torque point of the excitation torque that produces when the static point of safes of stationary rotor being set in described magnet exciting coil energising, simultaneously the magnetic pole detecting element is provided with set positions for to see the position of departing from circumferencial direction from 1 magnetic pole centre position of described rotor magnet according to the tooth torque of the magnetic circuit that forms by described rotor and stator.
22, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, the angle of spread of looking described magnetic pole of the stator to peripheral direction from the pivot of described rotor should be more than 75% with respect to the same angle of spread of each magnetic pole of described rotor but less than 100%.
23, brshless DC motor as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described magnetic pole detecting element set positions is set is electrical angle 5 °-45 ° scope and along the position of reverse rotation deviation in driction.
24, it is characterized in that as claim 21 or 22 or 23 described brshless DC motors, described rotor magnet forms at circumferencial direction and makes a plurality of extremely magnetized ring-types or fan-shaped, described stator is being adorned described coil unit in the middle of being, and the 1st stator yoke and the 2nd stator yoke that will have a formed magnetic pole of crooked soft magnetic metal plate constitute facing to assembling mutually.
25, it is characterized in that as claim 21 or 22 or 23 described brshless DC motors as described in stator be to make the laminated formation of multi-disc steel plate.
26, it is characterized in that as claim 21 or 22 or 23 described brshless DC motors as described in stator form by casting.
27, it is characterized in that as claim 21 or 22 or 23 described brshless DC motors as described in stator form by sintering.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29741191 | 1991-11-13 | ||
| JPJP297411/91 | 1991-11-13 | ||
| JPJP158138/92 | 1992-06-17 | ||
| JPJP215137/92 | 1992-08-12 | ||
| JP21513792 | 1992-08-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1077824A CN1077824A (en) | 1993-10-27 |
| CN1029343C true CN1029343C (en) | 1995-07-12 |
Family
ID=26520697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92112944 Expired - Fee Related CN1029343C (en) | 1991-11-13 | 1992-11-12 | Brushless DC Motor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1029343C (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003088453A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-23 | Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg | Drive arrangement with a fixed bearing |
| JP2004120848A (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-04-15 | Sawafuji Electric Co Ltd | Outer rotor type multi-pole generator |
| CN100530909C (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2009-08-19 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Brushless DC motor and stator thereof |
| JP4695010B2 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2011-06-08 | 日本電産サンキョー株式会社 | Brushless motor with built-in circuit board |
| JP4175417B2 (en) | 2006-11-06 | 2008-11-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Outer rotor motor and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101399477B (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2013-03-06 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Terminal structure |
| US9698655B2 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2017-07-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Pump, method for manufacturing pump, and refrigeration cycle device |
-
1992
- 1992-11-12 CN CN 92112944 patent/CN1029343C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1077824A (en) | 1993-10-27 |
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