CN102900479B - Variable nozzle turbocharger regulating mechanism integrated on turbine shell - Google Patents
Variable nozzle turbocharger regulating mechanism integrated on turbine shell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构，属于车用可变喷嘴涡轮增压器技术领域。机构包括喷嘴环固定叶片、喷嘴环可调叶片、安装盘、被动齿轮、驱动齿圈、主动齿轮、双摇杆驱动机构、分体式涡轮壳和涡轮壳盖板。被动齿轮和喷嘴环可调叶片通过其安装轴分别安装于安装盘前后侧面的圆周上，各被动齿轮连接在用于控制喷嘴环可调叶片同步旋转的驱动齿圈的内缘，通过驱动齿圈使圆周上的各喷嘴环可调叶片同步转动。为适应气流运动规律，各喷嘴环可调叶片的初始安装角度沿圆周方向设计成大小互不相等，利用喷嘴环固定叶片控制喷嘴环宽度，喷嘴环可调叶片由双摇杆驱动机构驱动，保证了喷嘴环可调叶片开度调节的准确性和一致性。
The invention relates to an adjusting mechanism of a variable nozzle turbocharger integrated on a turbine casing, belonging to the technical field of variable nozzle turbochargers for vehicles. The mechanism includes fixed blades of the nozzle ring, adjustable blades of the nozzle ring, a mounting plate, a driven gear, a driving ring gear, a driving gear, a double rocker drive mechanism, a split turbine casing and a turbine casing cover plate. The driven gears and the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring are respectively installed on the circumference of the front and rear sides of the mounting plate through their installation shafts. The adjustable blades of the nozzle rings on the circumference are rotated synchronously. In order to adapt to the law of airflow movement, the initial installation angles of the adjustable blades of each nozzle ring are designed to be unequal in size along the circumferential direction. The fixed blades of the nozzle ring are used to control the width of the nozzle ring. The adjustable blades of the nozzle ring are driven by a double rocker drive mechanism to ensure This ensures the accuracy and consistency of the nozzle ring adjustable blade opening adjustment.
Description
技术领域 technical field
发明涉及车用可变喷嘴涡轮增压器技术领域，具体涉及一种集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构。The invention relates to the technical field of variable-nozzle turbochargers for vehicles, in particular to a variable-nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on a turbine housing.
背景技术 Background technique
内燃机从发明发展到一百多年以后的今天，相关技术不断创新和走向成熟。但内燃机作为汽车动力仍然面临诸多问题：热效率不高（特别是汽油机）；所依赖的石油资源逐渐减少；废气排放污染大气环境，并难以集中治理等。发动机增压主要通过压气机提高进气密度，这项技术已作为提高发动机升功率、改善经济性和排放特性的重要措施得到广泛应用。根据驱动压气机方式的不同，发动机增压可分为机械增压、气波增压和废气涡轮增压三种基本方式。From the invention of the internal combustion engine to today, more than 100 years later, related technologies are constantly innovating and becoming mature. However, internal combustion engines still face many problems as vehicle power: low thermal efficiency (especially gasoline engines); the dependence on petroleum resources is gradually decreasing; exhaust emissions pollute the atmospheric environment, and it is difficult to centralize them. Engine supercharging mainly increases the intake air density through the compressor. This technology has been widely used as an important measure to increase engine power per liter, improve economy and emission characteristics. According to the different ways of driving the compressor, engine supercharging can be divided into three basic ways: mechanical supercharging, air wave supercharging and exhaust gas turbocharging.
废气涡轮增压将发动机排出的具有一定能量的废气引入涡轮并膨胀做功，废气涡轮的全部功率用于驱动与涡轮机同轴旋转的压气机工作叶轮，在压气机中将新鲜空气压缩后再送入气缸。废气涡轮增压由于利用了废气能量，提高了有效功率的输出比例，故发动机经济性明显提高，并可大幅度地降低有害气体的排放和噪声水平。Exhaust gas turbocharging introduces exhaust gas with a certain amount of energy from the engine into the turbine and expands it to do work. All the power of the exhaust turbine is used to drive the working impeller of the compressor that rotates coaxially with the turbine. Fresh air is compressed in the compressor and then sent to the cylinder. . Exhaust gas turbocharging improves the output ratio of effective power due to the use of exhaust gas energy, so the engine economy is significantly improved, and the emission of harmful gases and noise levels can be greatly reduced.
车用发动机是动力机械装置，要求低速时输出高转矩。对于废气涡轮增压，由于涡轮机是流体机械，其增压能力取决于增压器的转速。增压器转速的提高是通过发动机排出的废气所具有的能量在涡轮机上推动叶轮旋转而获得的。发动机低速时，排气流量小而能量不足，涡轮转速低致使压气机的增压效果不明显，发动机转矩增加不多，与车辆要求的发动机转矩特性互相矛盾。内燃机对负荷与转速的迅速响应，对车辆行驶的安全性与经济性十分重要。在发动机工况改变时，涡轮增压器自身的惯性使其瞬态响应特性较差，从排气能量的变化到进气压力的建立需要一定的时间，不仅影响了发动机对突变负荷的加速响应特性，而且由于过渡过程拖长致使加速时排放性能和经济性能变差。The vehicle engine is a power mechanical device that requires high torque output at low speed. For exhaust gas turbocharging, since the turbine is a fluid machine, its boosting capacity depends on the speed of the supercharger. The increase in the speed of the turbocharger is obtained by the energy of the exhaust gas from the engine pushing the impeller on the turbine to rotate. When the engine is at low speed, the exhaust flow is small and the energy is insufficient, the turbo speed is low so that the boosting effect of the compressor is not obvious, and the engine torque does not increase much, which is inconsistent with the engine torque characteristics required by the vehicle. The rapid response of the internal combustion engine to the load and speed is very important to the safety and economy of the vehicle. When the engine operating conditions change, the inertia of the turbocharger makes its transient response characteristics poor. It takes a certain amount of time from the change of exhaust energy to the establishment of intake pressure, which not only affects the acceleration response of the engine to sudden load changes characteristics, and due to the prolonged transition process, the emission performance and economic performance during acceleration are deteriorated.
为了保证发动机在低速时具有较高的增压压力和较高的转矩，同时保证发动机在高速时增压压力又不致过高，防止发动机热负荷过高和涡轮增压器超速，应采取相应的技术措施改善车用涡轮增压发动机的转矩特性。In order to ensure that the engine has a higher supercharging pressure and higher torque at low speeds, and at the same time ensure that the supercharging pressure of the engine is not too high at high speeds, and prevent excessive heat load of the engine and overspeeding of the turbocharger, corresponding measures should be taken. Technical measures to improve the torque characteristics of turbocharged engines for vehicles.
调节喷嘴环叶片开度的方法因其发动机性能改善的优势明显而得到了广泛应用。采用可变喷嘴涡轮增压器与普通增压器相比，发动机的低速转矩、油耗、烟度及过渡性能等都得到了一定程度的改善。可变喷嘴涡轮增压器在发动机低速时，使喷嘴环可调叶片开度减小，从而提高了涡轮进口的气体压力，即提高了涡轮进口气体的做功能力，增大了涡轮驱动力矩，所以废气涡轮增压器转速得以提高，增压压力也提高；反之，在发动机高速时，喷嘴环可调叶片开度增大，增压压力则相对减小，防止高速时增压压力过高。The method of adjusting the opening of nozzle ring vanes has been widely used because of its obvious advantages in improving engine performance. Compared with ordinary turbochargers, variable nozzle turbochargers can improve the engine's low-speed torque, fuel consumption, smoke and transition performance to a certain extent. When the engine is at low speed, the variable nozzle turbocharger reduces the opening of the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring, thereby increasing the gas pressure at the turbine inlet, that is, improving the working ability of the gas at the turbine inlet and increasing the driving torque of the turbine. Therefore, the speed of the exhaust gas turbocharger is increased, and the boost pressure is also increased; on the contrary, when the engine is at high speed, the opening of the adjustable blade of the nozzle ring is increased, and the boost pressure is relatively reduced to prevent the boost pressure from being too high at high speed.
目前可变喷嘴涡轮增压器存在的主要缺陷如下：The main defects of the current variable nozzle turbocharger are as follows:
1）传统的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置都安装于中间体部分，若想将固定喷嘴涡轮增压器变型改造为可变喷嘴涡轮增压器，需对中间体和涡轮部分同时进行结构上的改动，生产工艺复杂，零件的互换率和通用性低，提高了生产成本，不易实现产业化生产。1) The traditional variable nozzle turbocharger nozzle ring adjustable vane drive device is installed in the intermediate part, if you want to transform the fixed nozzle turbocharger into a variable nozzle turbocharger, you need to modify the intermediate At the same time, the turbine part undergoes structural changes, the production process is complex, the exchange rate and versatility of the parts are low, the production cost is increased, and it is difficult to realize industrial production.
2）传统的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器各喷嘴环可调叶片的开度设计时完全一致，与车用发动机实际工作的进口气流角变化规律不符，增加了能量损失。2) The opening of the adjustable blades of each nozzle ring of the traditional variable nozzle turbocharger is completely consistent in design, which is inconsistent with the change law of the inlet airflow angle of the actual working of the vehicle engine, which increases the energy loss.
3）部分可变喷嘴涡轮增压器中，喷嘴环可调叶片的开度虽然能够随着发动机转速的改变而做出相应的调整，但在使用过程中其性能极不稳定，可靠性较差，使用过程中可能出现喷嘴环可调叶片不能完全按预设规律运动的情况，甚至卡死。因此，可变喷嘴涡轮增压器的应用范围受到限制，很难在车用发动机中大范围推广使用。3) In some variable nozzle turbochargers, although the opening of the nozzle ring’s adjustable vane can be adjusted accordingly with the change of engine speed, its performance is extremely unstable and its reliability is poor during use , During use, the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring may not move completely according to the preset rules, or even get stuck. Therefore, the application range of the variable nozzle turbocharger is limited, and it is difficult to widely popularize and use it in vehicle engines.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构，其中开度可变的喷嘴环可调叶片和开度不可变的喷嘴环固定叶片周向均布安装在可变喷嘴涡轮增压器涡轮机的喷嘴环中，喷嘴环即安装盘表面相对分体式涡轮壳的内壁面之间形成的环形空腔，能提高涡轮在全部工况范围内的工作效率。In view of this, the present invention provides a variable-nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine housing, wherein the nozzle ring with variable opening and the fixed vane of the nozzle ring with variable opening are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Installed in the nozzle ring of the variable nozzle turbocharger turbine, the nozzle ring is the annular cavity formed between the surface of the mounting plate and the inner wall of the split turbine casing, which can improve the working efficiency of the turbine in all working conditions.
一种集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构，机构包括喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置、三个喷嘴环固定叶片、三个以上的喷嘴环可调叶片、分体式涡轮壳和涡轮壳盖板，外围设备为中间体；喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置包括安装盘、被动齿轮、驱动齿圈、主动齿轮、主动齿轮轴和双摇杆驱动机构；其中，安装盘为圆环形结构；A variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine casing, the mechanism includes a nozzle ring adjustable blade drive device, three nozzle ring fixed blades, more than three nozzle ring adjustable blades, and a split turbine casing and the cover plate of the turbine casing, the peripheral equipment is an intermediate body; the nozzle ring adjustable vane driving device includes a mounting plate, a driven gear, a driving ring gear, a driving gear, a driving gear shaft and a double rocker driving mechanism; wherein, the mounting plate is a ring shape structure;
在喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置中，三个喷嘴环固定叶片通过安装轴固定在安装盘同一个侧面的同一圆周上，三个喷嘴环固定叶片在圆周上均布，喷嘴环可调叶片通过安装轴活动安装在安装盘上并均布在三个喷嘴环固定叶片之间，喷嘴环固定叶片和喷嘴环可调叶片将此圆周等分；In the nozzle ring adjustable vane driving device, the three nozzle ring fixed vanes are fixed on the same circumference of the same side of the installation plate through the installation shaft, the three nozzle ring fixed vanes are evenly distributed on the circumference, and the nozzle ring adjustable vanes are installed through the installation shaft. The shaft is movably installed on the mounting plate and evenly distributed between the three fixed blades of the nozzle ring. The fixed blades of the nozzle ring and the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring divide the circle equally;
被动齿轮位于安装盘另一侧面的同一圆周上，被动齿轮与喷嘴环可调叶片的安装轴固定连接，被动齿轮所处的圆周上套装驱动齿圈，各被动齿轮与驱动齿圈的内缘啮合，主动齿轮通过主动齿轮轴固连在双摇杆驱动机构上，主动齿轮同时与驱动齿圈的内缘啮合；The driven gears are located on the same circumference on the other side of the mounting plate, and the driven gears are fixedly connected to the installation shaft of the adjustable blade of the nozzle ring. The driving ring gears are placed on the circumference where the driven gears are located, and each driven gear meshes with the inner edge of the driving ring gear. , the driving gear is fixedly connected to the double rocker driving mechanism through the driving gear shaft, and the driving gear meshes with the inner edge of the driving ring gear at the same time;
其整体连接关系为：分体式涡轮壳与中间体固定连接，喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置通过喷嘴环固定叶片固定在分体式涡轮壳竖直方向的内壁上，分体式涡轮壳的内壁面与安装盘表面形成的空腔为喷嘴环；分体式涡轮壳和涡轮壳盖板固定连接，喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置中安装盘的外圈与分体式涡轮壳轴向的内壁接触，安装盘的内圈与涡轮壳盖板的轴向内壁接触，双摇杆驱动机构穿过涡轮壳盖板位于分体式涡轮壳和涡轮壳盖板形成的腔室内；The overall connection relationship is as follows: the split turbine casing is fixedly connected to the intermediate body, the nozzle ring adjustable blade drive device is fixed on the vertical inner wall of the split turbine casing through the fixed blade of the nozzle ring, the inner wall surface of the split turbine casing and the installation The cavity formed on the surface of the disk is the nozzle ring; the split turbine casing and the cover plate of the turbine casing are fixedly connected, the outer ring of the mounting disk in the nozzle ring adjustable blade drive device is in contact with the axial inner wall of the split turbine casing, and the inner wall of the mounting disk The ring is in contact with the axial inner wall of the turbine casing cover, and the double rocker drive mechanism passes through the turbine casing cover and is located in the chamber formed by the split turbine casing and the turbine casing cover;
三个喷嘴环固定叶片的开度相同，各喷嘴环可调叶片的初始安装角度沿圆周方向设计成大小互不相等，以满足涡轮机高效率工作的需要，更加符合车用发动机的实际情况。The openings of the fixed blades of the three nozzle rings are the same, and the initial installation angles of the adjustable blades of each nozzle ring are designed to be unequal in size along the circumferential direction to meet the needs of high-efficiency turbines and more in line with the actual situation of vehicle engines.
其中，喷嘴环固定叶片的宽度大于喷嘴环可调叶片的宽度，喷嘴环固定叶片控制喷嘴环宽度，喷嘴环固定叶片采用钝头气动叶型；Among them, the width of the fixed blade of the nozzle ring is greater than the width of the adjustable blade of the nozzle ring, the fixed blade of the nozzle ring controls the width of the nozzle ring, and the fixed blade of the nozzle ring adopts a blunt aerodynamic blade type;
喷嘴环可调叶片安装轴与安装盘间为间隙配合；喷嘴环固定叶片安装轴与安装盘间为过盈配合；可调叶片安装轴的端部低于被动齿轮端面；There is clearance fit between the nozzle ring adjustable blade installation shaft and the installation disk; the interference fit between the nozzle ring fixed blade installation shaft and the installation disk; the end of the adjustable blade installation shaft is lower than the end surface of the driven gear;
工作原理：分体式涡轮壳的进口与发动机的排气管相连接，发动机排气在分体式涡轮壳的引导下进入喷嘴环区域，通过驱动双摇杆驱动机构使主动齿轮旋转，主动齿轮从而带动驱动齿圈转动，驱动齿圈带动与可调叶片固连的各被动齿轮同步转动，进而实现喷嘴环可调叶片开度的调整。在发动机起步或低速运转时，通过双摇杆驱动机构减小喷嘴环可调叶片的开度，使废气流速加快，废气涡轮增压器转速较高，增压压力相对提高，增大了涡轮的驱动力矩，以改善发动机的低速转矩输出特性；在发动机高速时，通过双摇杆驱动机构增大喷嘴环可调叶片的开度，增压压力则相对减小，防止高速时增压压力、发动机热负荷过高和涡轮增压器超速。Working principle: The inlet of the split turbine casing is connected to the exhaust pipe of the engine, and the exhaust gas of the engine enters the nozzle ring area under the guidance of the split turbine casing, and the driving gear rotates by driving the double rocker drive mechanism, and the driving gear drives The driving ring gear rotates, and the driving ring gear drives the driven gears fixedly connected with the adjustable blades to rotate synchronously, thereby realizing the adjustment of the opening degree of the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring. When the engine starts or runs at a low speed, the opening of the adjustable vane of the nozzle ring is reduced by the double rocker drive mechanism, so that the exhaust gas flow rate is accelerated, the exhaust gas turbocharger rotates at a higher speed, the boost pressure is relatively increased, and the turbocharger is increased. Drive torque to improve the low-speed torque output characteristics of the engine; when the engine is at high speed, the opening of the adjustable vane of the nozzle ring is increased through the double rocker drive mechanism, and the boost pressure is relatively reduced to prevent the boost pressure at high speed. Excessive engine thermal load and turbocharger overspeed.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
1、本发明中可变喷嘴涡轮增压器各喷嘴环可调叶片的初始安装角度沿圆周方向设计成大小互不相等，以满足涡轮机高效率工作的需要，更加符合车用发动机的实际情况。本发明利用三个喷嘴环固定叶片控制喷嘴环宽度，喷嘴环固定叶片采用钝头气动叶型，以减小对来流方向的敏感性，并降低气动损失。喷嘴环固定叶片的宽度比喷嘴环可调叶片的宽度略大，使喷嘴环可调叶片在开度调节过程中能够自由转动，减少了运动阻力，保证了喷嘴环可调叶片工作的稳定性。1. The initial installation angles of the adjustable blades of the nozzle rings of the variable nozzle turbocharger in the present invention are designed to be unequal in size along the circumferential direction, so as to meet the needs of high-efficiency work of the turbine, and more in line with the actual situation of the vehicle engine. The invention utilizes three fixed blades of the nozzle ring to control the width of the nozzle ring, and the fixed blades of the nozzle ring adopt a blunt aerodynamic blade shape to reduce the sensitivity to the incoming flow direction and reduce the aerodynamic loss. The width of the fixed blades of the nozzle ring is slightly larger than the width of the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring, so that the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring can rotate freely during the opening adjustment process, which reduces the movement resistance and ensures the stability of the adjustable blades of the nozzle ring.
2、本发明中可变喷嘴涡轮增压器喷嘴环可调叶片安装轴与安装盘间为间隙配合，减少了运动阻力；可变喷嘴涡轮增压器喷嘴环固定叶片安装轴与安装盘间为过盈配合，确保喷嘴环固定叶片与安装盘相对安装位置的稳定性。可调叶片安装轴的端部低于被动齿轮端面，便于焊接，能够防止焊点突出，造成安装困难。2. In the present invention, the adjustable blade installation shaft of the nozzle ring of the variable nozzle turbocharger and the installation disk are in clearance fit, which reduces the movement resistance; the fixed blade installation shaft of the variable nozzle turbocharger nozzle ring and the installation disk are The interference fit ensures the stability of the relative installation position of the fixed blade of the nozzle ring and the installation plate. The end of the adjustable blade installation shaft is lower than the end face of the driven gear, which is convenient for welding and can prevent welding spots from protruding and causing difficulty in installation.
3、本发明提供的喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置安装于涡轮壳体的排气端，通过双摇杆驱动机构使喷嘴环可调叶片在一定范围内（范围可调）同步转动，中间体部分不需要做任何结构上的改动，提高了零件互换率和通用性，简化了生产工艺，降低了生产成本，易于实现产业化生产。3. The nozzle ring adjustable vane driving device provided by the present invention is installed on the exhaust end of the turbine casing, and the nozzle ring adjustable vane is rotated synchronously within a certain range (range adjustable) through the double rocker drive mechanism. The intermediate part It does not require any structural changes, improves the exchange rate and versatility of parts, simplifies the production process, reduces production costs, and is easy to realize industrial production.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构驱动端结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the driving end of the variable nozzle turbocharger adjusting mechanism integrated on the turbine housing of the present invention;
图2为本发明集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构喷嘴环叶片端结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle ring blade end of the variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine housing of the present invention;
图3为本发明集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构喷嘴环可调叶片、安装盘和被动齿轮组装结构剖示图；Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly structure of the variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine casing of the present invention, the nozzle ring adjustable vane, the mounting plate and the driven gear;
图4为图3的A向视图；Fig. 4 is the A direction view of Fig. 3;
图5为本发明集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构喷嘴环固定叶片和安装盘组装结构剖示图;Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly structure of the variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine casing of the present invention, the nozzle ring fixed vane and the mounting plate;
图6为图5的A向视图；Fig. 6 is the A direction view of Fig. 5;
图7为本发明集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构双摇杆驱动机构示意图Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the dual-rocker drive mechanism of the variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine housing of the present invention
图8为图7的俯视图；Figure 8 is a top view of Figure 7;
图9为本发明集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构提供的喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置安装在涡轮增压器上的示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the installation of the nozzle ring adjustable vane driving device provided by the variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine housing of the present invention on the turbocharger.
其中，1为喷嘴环固定叶片；2为喷嘴环可调叶片；3为安装盘；4为被动齿轮；5为驱动齿圈；6为主动齿轮；7为主动齿轮轴；8为双摇杆驱动机构；9为分体式涡轮壳；10为涡轮壳盖板；11为涡轮壳盖板安装螺钉；12为喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置安装螺栓；13为分体式涡轮壳安装螺钉。Among them, 1 is the fixed blade of the nozzle ring; 2 is the adjustable blade of the nozzle ring; 3 is the mounting plate; 4 is the driven gear; 5 is the driving ring gear; 6 is the driving gear; 7 is the driving gear shaft; 8 is the double rocker drive Mechanism; 9 is the split turbine casing; 10 is the turbine casing cover; 11 is the installation screw of the turbine casing cover; 12 is the installation bolt of the nozzle ring adjustable blade drive device; 13 is the split turbine casing installation screw.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图并举实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
本发明提供了一种集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构，机构包括喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置、三个喷嘴环固定叶片1、九个喷嘴环可调叶片2、分体式涡轮壳9和涡轮壳盖板10，外围设备为中间体；如附图1和2所示，喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置包括安装盘3、被动齿轮4、驱动齿圈5、主动齿轮6、主动齿轮轴7和双摇杆驱动机构8；其中，安装盘3为圆环形结构；The present invention provides a variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine casing, the mechanism includes a nozzle ring adjustable blade drive device, three nozzle ring fixed blades 1, nine nozzle ring adjustable blades 2, Split turbine casing 9 and turbine casing cover plate 10, the peripheral equipment is an intermediate body; as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the nozzle ring adjustable blade drive device includes a mounting plate 3, a driven gear 4, a driving ring gear 5, and a driving gear 6. The driving gear shaft 7 and the double rocker drive mechanism 8; wherein, the mounting plate 3 is a ring structure;
三个喷嘴环固定叶片1以相同的开度α均布在安装盘上，喷嘴环固定叶片1的宽度用来控制喷嘴环宽度；喷嘴环固定叶片采用钝头气动叶型，以减小对来流方向的敏感性；九个喷嘴环可调叶片2的初始安装角度沿圆周方向设计成大小互不相等，即α1≠αn，保证了喷嘴环入口具有最佳的进气压力，喷嘴环固定叶片1的宽度b大于喷嘴环可调叶片2的宽度a，使喷嘴环可调叶片2在开度调节过程中能够自由转动；The three nozzle ring fixed vanes 1 are evenly distributed on the mounting plate with the same opening α, and the width of the nozzle ring fixed vanes 1 is used to control the width of the nozzle ring; the nozzle ring fixed vanes adopt a blunt aerodynamic blade shape to reduce the The sensitivity of the flow direction; the initial installation angles of the nine nozzle ring adjustable blades 2 are designed to be unequal in size along the circumferential direction, that is, α 1 ≠ α n , which ensures that the inlet of the nozzle ring has the best inlet pressure, and the nozzle ring The width b of the fixed vane 1 is greater than the width a of the adjustable vane 2 of the nozzle ring, so that the adjustable vane 2 of the nozzle ring can rotate freely during the opening adjustment process;
如图3和4所示：其中省略了驱动齿圈5，显示了被动齿轮4、安装盘3和喷嘴环可调叶片2之间的内部连接结构，被动齿轮4与喷嘴环可调叶片的安装轴连接端开有圆形孔，喷嘴环可调叶片2的安装轴末端截面的形状与被动齿轮中间的圆形孔相同，连接时，可调叶片2安装轴末端插入圆形孔中形成间隙配合，且其端部低于被动齿轮4端部，装配时采用焊接固定，保证了可调叶片2和被动齿轮4之间连接的可靠性，且安装时不受焊点突出造成的装配问题使可调叶片2的正常运动受到干涉；该连接方式被动齿轮4和可调叶片2的安装轴之间为圆形连接，既可简化可调叶片2安装轴和被动齿轮4的制造工艺，装配更加简便，又可以防止可调叶片2安装轴和被动齿轮4在高温下的连接失效，可调叶片安装轴和被动齿轮4中间圆形孔之间的间隙为0.03～0.08mm。As shown in Figures 3 and 4: the driving ring gear 5 is omitted, and the internal connection structure between the driven gear 4, the mounting plate 3 and the nozzle ring adjustable vane 2 is shown, and the installation of the driven gear 4 and the nozzle ring adjustable vane There is a circular hole at the connecting end of the shaft, and the section shape of the end section of the installation shaft of the adjustable vane 2 of the nozzle ring is the same as the circular hole in the middle of the driven gear. When connecting, the end of the installation shaft of the adjustable vane 2 is inserted into the circular hole to form a clearance fit , and its end is lower than the end of the driven gear 4, and it is fixed by welding during assembly, which ensures the reliability of the connection between the adjustable blade 2 and the driven gear 4, and is not subject to assembly problems caused by protruding solder joints during installation. The normal movement of the adjustable vane 2 is interfered; the connection between the driven gear 4 and the installation shaft of the adjustable vane 2 is a circular connection, which can simplify the manufacturing process of the adjustable vane 2 installation shaft and the driven gear 4, and the assembly is easier , and can prevent the connection failure of the adjustable blade 2 installation shaft and the driven gear 4 under high temperature, the gap between the adjustable blade installation shaft and the middle circular hole of the driven gear 4 is 0.03-0.08mm.
如图5和6所示：其中省略了驱动齿圈5，显示了安装盘3和喷嘴环固定叶片1之间的内部连接结构；连接时，喷嘴环固定叶片1安装轴插入安装盘3中形成过盈配合，喷嘴环固定叶片1及其安装轴上加工轴向通孔，安装时通过喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置安装螺栓12连接到分体式涡轮壳9上，保证了喷嘴环固定叶片1和安装盘3之间连接的可靠性。As shown in Figures 5 and 6: the driving ring gear 5 is omitted, and the internal connection structure between the mounting plate 3 and the nozzle ring fixed blade 1 is shown; when connected, the installation shaft of the nozzle ring fixed blade 1 is inserted into the mounting plate 3 to form a Interference fit, the nozzle ring fixed blade 1 and its installation shaft are processed with axial through holes, and the installation bolt 12 of the nozzle ring adjustable blade driving device is connected to the split turbine shell 9 during installation, ensuring that the nozzle ring fixed blade 1 and The reliability of the connection between the installation disk 3.
如图7和8所示：可变喷嘴涡轮增压器喷嘴环可调叶片采用双摇杆驱动机构8，主动齿轮6通过主动齿轮轴7固连在双摇杆驱动机构8上（考虑到安装空间的限制，双摇杆驱动机构可采用曲线杆进行连接），摇转手柄即可通过双摇杆驱动机构8通过主动齿轮轴7驱动主动齿轮6旋转，从而带动驱动齿圈5转动；驱动齿圈5带动沿所述驱动齿圈5内圈周向设置的九个被动齿轮4转动，被动齿轮4通过安装轴和喷嘴环可调叶片2固连为一体，故喷嘴环可调叶片2随被动齿轮4同步旋转，实现了喷嘴环可调叶片2开度的调整。As shown in Figures 7 and 8: the variable nozzle turbocharger nozzle ring adjustable vane adopts a double rocker drive mechanism 8, and the driving gear 6 is fixedly connected to the double rocker drive mechanism 8 through the drive gear shaft 7 (considering the installation limited space, the double rocker drive mechanism can be connected with a curved rod), and the handle can be driven by the double rocker drive mechanism 8 through the drive gear shaft 7 to drive the drive gear 6 to rotate, thereby driving the drive ring gear 5 to rotate; the drive gear The ring 5 drives nine driven gears 4 arranged along the inner ring of the driving gear ring 5 to rotate, and the driven gears 4 are fixedly connected with the nozzle ring adjustable blade 2 through the installation shaft, so the nozzle ring adjustable blade 2 follows the passive gear ring. The gear 4 rotates synchronously to realize the adjustment of the opening degree of the adjustable blade 2 of the nozzle ring.
如附图9所示，集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构装配时，首先装配喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置，将喷嘴环可调叶片2安装轴末端插入被动齿轮4圆形孔中形成间隙配合（喷嘴环可调叶片2安装轴端部低于被动齿轮4端部），再将驱动齿圈5连接到若干个被动齿轮4的外圈，然后采用焊接的方式将被动齿轮4和可调叶片2安装轴固连；固定叶片1和安装盘3采用过盈配合的方式进行连接；As shown in Figure 9, when the variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism integrated on the turbine casing is assembled, the nozzle ring adjustable vane driving device is first assembled, and the nozzle ring adjustable vane 2 installation shaft end is inserted into the driven gear 4 A clearance fit is formed in the circular hole (the end of the nozzle ring adjustable vane 2 installation shaft is lower than the end of the driven gear 4), and then the driving ring gear 5 is connected to the outer rings of several driven gears 4, and then welded The passive gear 4 is fixedly connected to the installation shaft of the adjustable blade 2; the fixed blade 1 and the installation disk 3 are connected by interference fit;
然后将喷嘴环可调叶片驱动装置放置于分体式涡轮壳9内，通过安装螺栓12穿过喷嘴环固定叶片1及其安装轴上的轴向通孔与分体式涡轮壳9固连在一起，通过涡轮壳安装螺钉13将分体式涡轮壳9与中间体连接在一起，最后通过盖板安装螺钉11将涡轮壳盖板10与分体式涡轮壳9固连，完成集成于涡轮壳体上的可变喷嘴涡轮增压器调节机构的安装。Then place the nozzle ring adjustable vane driving device in the split turbine casing 9, and pass the mounting bolts 12 through the nozzle ring fixed blade 1 and the axial through hole on the installation shaft to the split turbine casing 9, The split turbine casing 9 is connected with the intermediate body through the turbine casing mounting screws 13, and finally the turbine casing cover plate 10 and the split turbine casing 9 are fixedly connected through the cover plate mounting screws 11 to complete the integration on the turbine casing. Installation of variable nozzle turbocharger adjustment mechanism.
其中，驱动双摇杆驱动机构8的方式可采用气动控制和电子控制两种方法。Wherein, the mode of driving double rocker driving mechanism 8 can adopt two methods of pneumatic control and electronic control.
气动控制用压气机出口压力或涡轮进口压力对可变喷嘴可调叶片的开度进行调节，是一种自动的反馈连续控制系统，具有结构简单，控制可靠，低成本等优点，适用于非电控的柴油机。Pneumatic control uses compressor outlet pressure or turbine inlet pressure to adjust the opening of variable nozzle adjustable blades. It is an automatic feedback continuous control system. It has the advantages of simple structure, reliable control, and low cost. It is suitable for non-electric controlled diesel engine.
电子控制一般都采用外部动力来驱动可变喷嘴环可调叶片，采集发动机的转速、负荷、增压压力、水温等工况信号，然后利用微控制器的快速运算和判断能力确定可变喷嘴环可调叶片最佳开度，最后通过执行器迅速将可变喷嘴环可调叶片驱动到目标位置。Electronic control generally uses external power to drive the adjustable blades of the variable nozzle ring, collects the engine speed, load, boost pressure, water temperature and other working condition signals, and then uses the fast calculation and judgment capabilities of the microcontroller to determine the variable nozzle ring. The optimal opening degree of the adjustable vane, and finally the adjustable vane of the variable nozzle ring is quickly driven to the target position through the actuator.
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN107100678A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-29 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | A kind of VGT turbocharger cut-out governing structure |
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| CN115977746A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-04-18 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Circumferentially asymmetrical nozzle ring and design method, volute and turbocharger |
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