CN102876892A - 低铁高镁、高铁低镁红土镍矿用废稀硫酸浸出镍钴的方法 - Google Patents
低铁高镁、高铁低镁红土镍矿用废稀硫酸浸出镍钴的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102876892A CN102876892A CN2012104233181A CN201210423318A CN102876892A CN 102876892 A CN102876892 A CN 102876892A CN 2012104233181 A CN2012104233181 A CN 2012104233181A CN 201210423318 A CN201210423318 A CN 201210423318A CN 102876892 A CN102876892 A CN 102876892A
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- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- magnesium
- leaching
- sulphuric acid
- ore
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 469
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 35
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- JJEJDZONIFQNHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C+4].N Chemical compound [C+4].N JJEJDZONIFQNHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000001 cobalt(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001708 magnesium carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 Wingdale Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OGWLTJRQYVEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-F tetramagnesium;tetracarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O OGWLTJRQYVEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Fe] MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- LVIYYTJTOKJJOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ni+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 LVIYYTJTOKJJOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- IPRPPFIAVHPVJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(CC=O)C=C1 IPRPPFIAVHPVJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 工艺方法 | 工艺特点 | 三废情况 | 备注 |
| 氨浸法 | 浸出前还原处理难,还原气氛不易控,浸出率低,成本高 | 污染大、环境差、气味重 | 只适合Mg、Ca低的褐铁矿型红土镍矿,工业上实际已淘汰 |
| 硫化法 | 需加压、加热高温浸出,H2S、硫化钠、硫化铵沉淀作冰镍锍可并入冶炼体系。用浓硫酸焙烧可得高浓度金属溶液,杂质少,萃取得到高纯金属 | 污染大、环境差、气味重 | 操作条件十分苛刻,污染十分严重,安全隐患很大,不利生产; |
| 高温高压高酸法(HPAL)工艺 | 浸出率93~95%,除垢占时长,增加成本,净水、循环氨和蒸气消耗高、镍中锌、锰含量高。 | 污染少、综合利用 | 尤适于镁低褐铁矿型红土矿,泵阀、管道设备等结垢严重,技术不成熟 |
| 中温中压高酸法 | 高温高压法所改良法,可减缓结垢等主要问题 | 硫酸镁废水 | 有初步应用 |
| 中温低压高酸法 | 为中温中压法所改良方法,工艺流程更顺畅,资源利用更合理 | 硫酸镁废水 | 成熟改进工艺 |
| 常温常压高酸法 | 改进工艺,技术相对成熟可靠 | 硫酸镁废水,需尾矿库 | 相对改进工艺 |
| 常温常压低酸法 | 改进工艺,技术相对成熟可靠 | 有较多 | 相对改进工艺,未有应用 |
| 堆浸法 | 可用稀酸,处理低品位矿最经济,矿堆渗透难,浸出率低,铁、铝、镍、钴除杂分离难 | 较少 | 占地面积大,浸出时间约30天,适合特定工艺 |
| 池浸法 | 与堆浸相似,投资少,收率略低 | 较少 | 占地面积大,适合特定工艺 |
| 堆浸、池浸、搅浸混合法 | 适合特定工艺,根据矿石特点结合技术创新工艺,收率较高 | 较少 | 占地面积大,在试验中,未规模化应用 |
| 全萃取法 | 酸浸浸出液经净化后全萃取Ni、Co、Fe、Mn、Mg可得较纯氧化镍、赤铁矿、硫酸镁、硫酸镍 | 较少 | 工业化稳定需确认,萃取剂难、消耗指标难达标,适合特定工艺 |
| 盐酸浸出法 | 常压、可萃取得纯氧化镍、赤铁矿、氧化镁,高腐蚀、浸出气体难控制,赤铁矿沉降成本高 | 环境差、气味重 | 创新分离Ni、Co、Mn、Mg特定工艺 |
| 火法 | 技术成熟产能大、含镍10%,能耗高,适于高铁低镁矿,高镁低铁或高铝矿,炉温高、渣量大 | 废渣可作建筑填土、粉尘污染大 | 电炉法投资少、成本低。高炉法多由普钢高炉转产,生铁含镍低,成本高 |
| 火法、湿法综合法 | 火法干燥筛分后块矿送给湿法工厂堆/池浸。可用常温常压搅拌浸出工艺、投资省、收率提高 | 占地面积大,须用高镁低铁的红土镍矿,常温常压搅拌浸出等也可采用 |
| 成分 | Ni | Co | Fe | Mg | Al | SiO2 | Zn | Cu | Pb |
| 含量% | 1.4-1.9 | ≤0.029 | 15-20 | 17-40 | ≤0.64 | 33-40 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.005 | ≤0.1 |
| 成分 | Mn | Cr | Ca | SO4 2- | P | K | Na | O | 其它 |
| 含量% | ≤0.38 | ≤0.085 | ≤0.357 | ≤0.006 | ≤0.0008 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | 22.512 | ≤8.47 |
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