CN102845351B - Low-pollution water drainage method and water drainage device for culture pond - Google Patents
Low-pollution water drainage method and water drainage device for culture pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN102845351B CN102845351B CN201210270851.9A CN201210270851A CN102845351B CN 102845351 B CN102845351 B CN 102845351B CN 201210270851 A CN201210270851 A CN 201210270851A CN 102845351 B CN102845351 B CN 102845351B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种养殖池塘低污染排水方法和排水装置，所述的排水方法包括如下步骤：（1）将池塘排水至水位1-1.2m；（2）池塘水体静置24小时以上，或捕捞养殖动物后静置24小时以上；（3）继续排水至水位28-32cm；（4）直接带水消毒，进入下一个养殖周期。所述的排水方法及排水装置既适用于捕捞养殖动物时的排水，同时也能适用日常换水时的排水。采用本发明所述的排水方案不需要大额资金投入就可使TN、TP排放量下降50%以上，TSS排放量下降80%以上，效果显著。本发明简单易行，可操作性强，适宜推广应用。
The invention discloses a low-pollution drainage method and drainage device for aquaculture ponds. The drainage method comprises the following steps: (1) draining the pond to a water level of 1-1.2m; (2) standing the pond water body for more than 24 hours, or After catching the farmed animals, let them stand still for more than 24 hours; (3) Continue to drain to the water level of 28-32cm; (4) Bring water directly for disinfection and enter the next breeding cycle. The drainage method and drainage device are not only suitable for drainage when catching farmed animals, but also suitable for drainage during daily water changes. Adopting the drainage scheme described in the present invention can reduce TN and TP emissions by more than 50% and TSS emissions by more than 80% without large capital investment, and the effect is remarkable. The invention is simple and easy to operate, has strong operability and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water discharge method of cultivating pool, be specifically related to water discharge method and the drainage arrangement of a kind of aquaculture pond culture-cycle while finishing.
Background technology
For fowl poultry kind, aquatic livestock protein content is high mostly, and fat content is low, is rich in the necessary micronutrient of multiple human body, high unsaturated fatty acid and mineral matter.Therefore from the angle of alimentology, edible aquatic livestock is more conducive to our health than edible poultry.Along with China's living standards of the people improve, Aquatic products consumption is also constantly increased, promoted the fast development of China's culture fishery.Famous American ecological economy scholar Leicester Blang once evaluated China like this in 2008: China is family planning to two of the world large contributions one, and the one, aquaculture.China is aquaculture superpower, and within 2006, aquaculture gross yield reaches 3,595 ten thousand tons (Fishery Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, 2007), accounts for 70% of whole world cultured output, and Export of Chinese Aquatic Products volume accounts for 30% left and right of whole export of farm produces.
Yet China is still an aquaculture big country, but not aquaculture power.Show in cultural technique, a conventional means of daily management is " changing water "." changing water " and being treated as is to improve pond dissolved oxygen, prevent and cure diseases, improve water quality, ensure the most important means of cultivated animals growth.
< < environmental science guide > >, the 2nd phase in 2010, " different Long Hu lake week fish pond draining gross contamination emission research " discloses and the different Long Hu of China lake week caused the situation of lake water water pollution because of aquaculture draining.Result shows, the fish pond of local farmers crude management, and the pollutant of its generation directly causes water quality deterioration, causes body eutrophication.Often clean up the pond every year in the fish pond of 67.5% raising adult fish, to guarantee fishpond water quality.Research by site inspection, issue a questionnaire, the mode such as interview and collection water sample analysis, clean up the pond every year and change the water yield that water enters different Long Hu and calculate Fishpond contaminated load in estimation fish pond.Monitoring and surveying result calculates fish pond total emissions of major pollutants and is respectively: CODc:763.97t/a, TN:39.23t/a, NH
3-N:6.4t/a, TP:4.26t/a.Separately there are some researches show, the northern area of China groundwater abstraction carries out turbot flowing water culture, and every day, quantity of exchanged water reached 400% ~ 1000% (Ren Weidong and Zhang Wenge, 2007)! And TAI HU AREA aquaculture average year changes waterside number and also reaches 8 times above (Cai et al., 2012).In breeding wastewater, the nutrition content such as general nitrogen, phosphorus is higher, can cause extraneous body eutrophication (Lin Zexin, 2002; Qin Baiqiang, 2002).The serious consequence that body eutrophication brings is Blue-green Algae Fast Growth.In recent years, the important drinking water source such as Taihu Lake, Cao Hu ground blue-green algae frequently breaks out, and cyanophycean toxin almost can detect in some lake the whole year, and content surpasses WHO required standard (Qin Baiqiang etc., 2010).Blue-green Algae Fast Growth has caused people's showing great attention to breeding pollution, government has also put into effect a series of policies and breeding pollution discharge is controlled in behave, such as the research and development of aquaculture water purification techniques are subsidized in formulation aquaculture water discharge standard, project verification, appropriation is carried out breeding facility transformation etc.
From external aquaculture, pollute and control progress, with domestic similar, just the discharge water standard of developed country is stricter, purification facility equipment is more high-end.According to current China aquaculture benefit level, the advanced cleaning equipment that large scale application is external and technology hardly may.In fact the purification techniques of domestic research and development can not be widely adopted.Main cause is as follows: first, the decentralized management pattern that China current aquaculture management mode Shi Yi family is unit, open up clarifier-tank relate to engineered, investment very greatly but may not necessarily improve cultivation income.In water resource, be not counted under the situation of aquaculture cost, circulating water cultivation hardly someone will initiatively go to do.The second, even if government department will monitor whether up to standard discharge water is, because cultivation main body is family, quantity is huge, and monitoring does not have operability, and discharge beyond standards in fact can not be restricted.The 3rd, current breeding pollution management objectives are qualified discharges, only see discharge water water quality, do not see discharge water total amount, and the straightforward procedure that reduces trophic level in discharge water is " dilution ", that is to say that duty changes just energy qualified discharge of water.Even if government department has energy to supervise, raiser also can accomplish qualified discharge easily.
Drainage pattern is very large on the impact of discharge amount of pollution.In general, along with water level declines, pollutant levels increase gradually.It is the drainage patterns that the most effectively reduce pollution as long as water more than reservation 7.5 cm retains 25 cm after just making nitrogen, phosphorus, organic discharge capacity decline 70%, Lin and Yi (2003) report draining that Tucker etc. (1996) study discovery when the dry pool.Yet about the research of China's main culturing area draining water quality characteristic also seldom, more lack draining water quality characteristic achievement in research is changed into the mature technology that can be applicable to production practices.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pond water discharge method, significantly to reduce pollutant discharge amount, subdues water quality environment is around exerted an influence.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the low pollution water discharge method in a kind of pond, comprises the steps:
(1) by pond draining to water level 1-1.2m;
(2) fish for cultivated animals, more standing more than 24 hours;
(3) continue draining to water level, 28-32cm;
(4) band water sterilization, finishes draining.
Applicant has done investigation to each department different breeding type pond draining Regular of Water Quality Variation in early-stage Study, find to drop to 28-32cm when water level, during preferred 30cm, pollutant levels raise rapidly, now by adjusting drainage pattern, can effectively cut down pollutant discharge amount.
Wherein, in described step 1 and step 3, adopt self-flow device draining or suction pump to draw water.
Wherein, when described step 1 and step 3 adopt self-flow device draining, self-flow device bottom is 28-32cm apart from the vertical range of pond bottom, preferably 30cm; Below, suction pump position 2-5m while drawing water with suction pump
2paving sandstone, suction pump is 15-25 cm apart from the vertical range of pond bottom, need control and be detained water level 28-32cm, preferably 30cm while drawing water.
Wherein, preferred described step 1 middle water level is 1.1m; Step 3 middle water level is 30cm.
Wherein, in preferred described step 2, time of repose is 48 hours, 72 hours or 96 hours.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, draining can disposablely complete or minute several, as first arranged the drainage discharge for the treatment of of 1/3-4/5, after standing at least 12 hours, continues draining to water level 28-32cm, now can better control the discharge capacity of pollutant.
In order better to control drainage effect, inventor has further determined best drainage speed, be specially drainage speed in described step 1 and step 3 and be advisable at 3-5cm/h, wherein 3-5cm refers to the height that pond water level declines, and the too fast meeting of drainage speed increases the weight of draining and pollutes.
In addition, because converge into pond on rain drop erosion ground, cause pollutant levels to raise, so the present invention is during preferred rainy day, does not perform step 3, standing rear direct band water sterilization.
As a kind of preferred forms of the present invention, described water discharge method comprises the steps:
(1) with the drainage speed of 4cm/h by pond draining to water level 1.1m;
(2) fish for after cultivated animals standing 48 hours of pond waters;
(3) drainage speed with 4cm/h continues draining to water level 30cm;
(4) band water sterilization, enters the next round culture-cycle.
Before early-stage Study finds that pond is fished for, when water level drops to 1.1m left and right, cultivated animals strengthens rapidly because crowded association such as compels at the reason amount of exercise, disturbance sediments floating, and concentration of suspension increases more than 25% than content in cultivation phase superficial water.But for fishing for, generally the fewer operation of water is easier.Therefore, the present invention proposes draining to about 1.1m and fishes for.Owing to fishing for operation, fish for that while just finishing, in water, concentration of suspension can be up to more than 3000mg/L.Standing deep be the most economical method of staticizing suspension in water.Research finds, by 24 hours standing, concentration of suspension can drop to below 60mg/L.But the particle precipitating is mainly on bed mud top layer, and slightly disturbance is just floated rapidly.This just requires the drainage speed can not be very fast, and first arranges superficial water as far as possible, thereby pollutant burst size is reduced as far as possible.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of drainage arrangement of realizing above-mentioned water discharge method, and described drainage arrangement is preferably self-flow device.Described self-flow device is applicable to drainage ditch bottom lower than the situation of delivery port.Self-flow device can be culverts and water gates or head as shown in drawings.Be that self-flow device is that movable drainpipe is communicated with the drainage channel forming with drainage ditch, the movable drainpipe of L-type is 28-32cm apart from the vertical range of pond bottom, and drainage ditch bottom is lower than the discharge outlet of the movable drainpipe of L-type.
Above-mentioned self-flow device can be further that 2-4 the movable drainpipe of L-type is communicated with the drainage channel forming with drainage ditch, and preferably the movable drainpipe of L-type is 30cm apart from the vertical range of pond bottom.
In order to obtain desirable drainage speed, the diameter of the movable drainpipe of the preferred described L-type of the present invention is 5-40cm.More preferably the diameter of the movable drainpipe of described L-type is 20cm.
In addition, described drainage arrangement can also be suction pump, and suction pump is 8-15 cm apart from the vertical range of pond bottom, and preferred 10 cm, so that suction pump work.
The draining of cleaning up the pond when water discharge method of the present invention and drainage arrangement be both applicable to fish for cultivated animals also can be suitable for daily draining while changing water simultaneously.Adopt drainaging scheme of the present invention not need wholesale fund input just can make TN, TP discharge capacity decline more than 50%, TSS discharge capacity declines more than 80%, and effect is remarkable.Water discharge method of the present invention is simple, workable, suitable applying.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 pond of the present invention drainage arrangement schematic cross-section;
Main figure elements explanation:
1 pond; 2 movable drainpipes; 3 discharge outlet; 4 drainage ditchs; The minimum delay water level of H.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment mono-
The low pollution drainage arrangement for cultivating pool as shown in Figure 1, be located in pond 1, this self-flow device is that 1 movable draining 2 pipe of L-type is communicated with the drainage channel forming with drainage ditch 4, the movable drainpipe 2 of L-type is 30cm apart from the vertical range of pond bottom, and drainage ditch bottom is lower than the discharge outlet 3 of the movable drainpipe of L-type.
Embodiment bis-
Raise together with fish pond harvesting before the Mid-autumn Festival.2.45 meters of the pond depth of waters.Pond is in a high position, and drainage ditch is in low level.Pond is equipped with water culvert gate, and under culverts and water gates, edge is minimum delay water level H apart from 30cm(at the bottom of the pool).Open a sluice gate and draw out some water to 1 meter, cast a net to catch fish, standing 2 days of fishing after-bay water, then open a sluice gate and draw out some water.Remaining water natural evaporation or band water are cleaned up the pond.To the Spring Festival, add water, input fingerling, enter the next culture-cycle.Adopt this method total nitrogen (TN) discharge capacity lower than 41 kg/hm
2, total phosphorus (TP) discharge capacity is lower than 5 kg/hm
2, total suspended matter (TSS) discharge capacity <440 kg/hm
2, than not standing, TN, TP, TSS decline respectively 65%, 64%, 77% while thoroughly draining.
Embodiment tri-
Raise together with fish pond harvesting before the Spring Festival.2.15 meters of the pond depth of waters.Pond is in low level, and drainage ditch is in a high position.Pond is equipped with draining pump, draining pump with masonry pave make it higher than the pool at the bottom of 15cm.Turn on pump discharges water to 1 meter, casts a net to catch fish, and standing 2 days of fishing after-bay water, then turn on pump discharges water to water level 30cm.The sterilization of cleaning up the pond of band water.Toxicity adds water, throws in fingerling after disappearing, enter the next culture-cycle.Adopt this method TN discharge capacity lower than 65 kg/hm
2, TP discharge capacity is lower than 7 kg/hm
2, TSS discharge capacity <590 kg/hm
2, than not standing, TN, TP, TSS decline respectively 56%, 51%, 64% while thoroughly draining.
Embodiment tetra-
Freshwater shrimp, river crab pond drainage ditch bottom is lower than pond bottom and be equipped with drainage arrangement.Drainage arrangement is apart from pond bottom 30cm.The harvesting of throwing the net November, standing more than 2 days after harvesting, vertical tube 90 degree that rotate drainage arrangement make its level.Draining finishes residue 30cm water in after-bay, is left to the next culture-cycle (cultivations of shrimp, crab pool pasture and water).Adopt this method TN discharge capacity lower than 20 kg/hm
2, TP discharge capacity is lower than 2 kg/hm
2, TSS discharge capacity <60 kg/hm
2, than not standing, TN, TP, TSS decline respectively 60%, 55%, 62% while thoroughly draining.
Embodiment in above-described embodiment can further combine or replace; and embodiment is described the preferred embodiments of the present invention; not the spirit and scope of the present invention are limited; do not departing under the prerequisite of design philosophy of the present invention; the various changes and modifications that in this area, professional and technical personnel makes technical scheme of the present invention, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| US6117313A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2000-09-12 | Goldman; Joshua | Method and apparatus for aquaculture and for water treatment related thereto |
| WO2004099084A2 (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2004-11-18 | Hydros Environmental Diagnostics Inc. | Processe and apparatus for microbial filtration and bacterial injection for one or more environmental contaminants |
| CN1608451A (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-04-27 | 中国科学院长春地理研究所 | Method of aquiculturing Northeast white shrimp in marsh and reed pond of high and cold area |
| US7736509B2 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2010-06-15 | Alan Kruse | Probiotic system and aquaculture devices |
| CN101798143B (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2012-02-29 | 苏州大学 | A kind of sewage treatment system and sewage treatment method |
| CN202059882U (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-12-07 | 青岛中科海水处理有限公司 | Novel sewage-discharging water tank for aquatic-life cultivation |
| CN102276114B (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Water treatment equipment |
| CN202697490U (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2013-01-30 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Low-pollution drainage device for cultivation pond |
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