Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: for overcoming the above-mentioned shortcoming that existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine exists, the present invention provides a kind of simple and compact for structure, volume is little, impact shock is little, running is steady, power is big, the life-span is long, efficient is high low-speed big quartastroke engine---wheeled swing transmission internal combustion engine of two phase convexes.
The technological scheme that the present invention is taked for its technical problem of solution is: the wheeled swing transmission internal combustion engine of a kind of two phase convexes; Mainly form by two phase cam rings (11), oscillating tooth (12), movable teeth rack (13), oscillating tooth pin (14), central gear (15) and starting system, gas distribution system, cooling system, oil supply system, lubrication system etc. in intake valve (1), cylinder head (2), cylinder (3), exhaust valve (4), cylinder body (5), piston (6), push rod (7), roller (8), spring (9), output shaft (10), the evagination; It is characterized in that: the circular symmetric on every side of two phase cam rings (11) is being uniformly distributed with eight cylinders (3) in evagination; The wheeled swinging transmission mechanism of two phase convexes changes the linear reciprocating motion of piston into output shaft rotatablely move in the evagination---and cylinder piston (6) directly acts on the interior two phase cam rings (11) of evagination through push rod (7); Order about two phase cam rings (11) rotation in the evagination; The internal surface two phase cam ring profiles of two phase cam rings (11) promote oscillating tooth (12) around oscillating tooth pin (14) swing that is fixed on the movable teeth rack in the evagination; And movable teeth rack (13) is fixedly connected with frame; So oscillating tooth is meshed with central gear (15) under the effect of contraction of movable teeth rack and forces central gear (15) to rotate, central gear (15) realizes output at a high speed for output shaft (10) transmission of power through key connecting.
In technique scheme, in the evagination the wheeled swinging transmission mechanism of two phase convexes by cam mechanism with two mutually the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of convex mechanism organically combine.Wherein, Cam mechanism is made up of two phase cam rings (11), cylinder body (5), spring (9) in piston (6), push rod (7), roller (8), the evagination; One end of push rod (7) and piston (6) are fixedly connected, and the other end is equipped with roller (8), and it is that rolling friction connects mutually between the cam ring (11) that roller (8) makes push rod (7) and evagination interior two; One end of spring (9) is fixed on below the piston (6); The other end is fixed on the boss of cylinder (3) bottom, spring (9) make on the push rod (7) roller (8) all the time with evagination in two cam ring (11) contacts mutually, each cylinder all is furnished with the push rod and the spring of piston, band roller.
The wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes mechanism forms by two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination, oscillating tooth (12), movable teeth rack (13), oscillating tooth pin (14), central gear (15) with the output shaft (10) of its key connecting.The outer surface of two phase cam rings (11) is four phase cam contours in the evagination; Inside is made up of two eccentric circles; Or oval-shaped two phase cam rings; So two phase cam rings (11) are the cam in the cam mechanism in the evagination, are again two phase cam rings in the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of the two phase convexes mechanism, the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of whole two phase convexes mechanism is built in the inside of two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination; In the evagination two phase cam rings (11) with internal-combustion engine with two mutually the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of convex organically unite two into one, make the combustion machine need not to be equipped with again retarder.
The outer surface cam profile curve of two phase cam rings (11) can be selected according to the actual design needs in the evagination, to obtain best dynamic performance, improves the energy conversion efficiency of internal-combustion engine.The shaft axis of two phase cam rings (11), movable teeth rack (13) and central gear parts such as (15) overlaps and is supported by rack bearing in output shaft (10), the evagination.It is 2 that the wave number
of oscillating tooth number
and central gear differs; Movable teeth rack (13) connects firmly with frame; Central gear (15) and output shaft (10) key connecting; Oscillating tooth pin (14) circumferentially is uniformly distributed with and is fixed on the movable teeth rack (13); Oscillating tooth (12) and oscillating tooth pin (14) are formed revolute pair, oscillating tooth (12) in oscillating tooth pin (14) swing with two cam ring (11), central gear (15) are meshed respectively and respectively form a higher pair mutually in the evagination.In the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes, the interior profile and the oscillating tooth of two phase cam rings are multiple tooth engagement in the evagination, so can realize transmission high-power, high pulling torque.
In technique scheme; The outside of two phase cam rings (11) is to have four four phase cams that are mutually the projection of 90 ° of angles and axle center symmetry in the evagination; The circular symmetric on every side of two phase cam rings (11) is uniformly distributed with eight cylinders (3) in evagination; Cylinder piston (6) working state of wherein any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by is synchronous; Two cylinder pistons that working state is synchronous are as one group, and four groups of cylinder pistons carry out suction stroke, compression stroke, gaseous combustion expansion stroke and exhaust stroke successively, and the stroke of piston process of two adjacent groups cylinder is 45 ° corresponding to the phase difference of two phase cam ring (11) corners in the evagination.
In technique scheme, the output shaft rotating speed depends on the velocity ratio of the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes, and suitably select the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes join the tooth scheme, can obtain bigger velocity ratio, can realize low-speed big output.
Compared with present technology main inventive point of the present invention is.
1. the circular symmetric on every side of two phase cam rings is uniformly distributed with eight cylinders in evagination; Cylinder piston orders about two phase cam rings rotation in the evagination through the straight reciprocating motion of push rod; Two phase cam rings are passed to the output shaft with the central gear key connecting with power through the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes in the evagination, and last power is exported by output shaft.
2. the outside of two phase cam rings is to have four four phase cams that are mutually 90 ° of angle projections in the evagination; And inside is made up of two eccentric circles, or oval-shaped two phase cam rings, the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes mechanism is built in the inside of two phase cam rings in the evagination; Promptly be built in the cam of cam mechanism; Make in the cam mechanism cam with two mutually two phase cam rings in the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of the convex mechanism unite two into one, obtain the wheeled swinging transmission mechanism of two phase convexes in the evagination, and replace the connecting rod that has now in the crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine with this new mechanism; The Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer technology is introduced technical field of internal combustion engines; Not only thoroughly remove crankshaft-and-connecting-rod, and internal-combustion engine and speed change gear (retarder) have been united two into one, obtained a kind of compact structure, small and exquisite novel high-power power machine; Compare with crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, internal-combustion engine axial dimension of the present invention reduces greatly.
3. the pto of internal-combustion engine is the output shaft with the central gear key connecting; The wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes is with two phase cam rings input power in the evagination, and movable teeth rack is fixed, central gear output; Can realize bigger velocity ratio, internal-combustion engine low-speed big outputting power.
4. the output shaft rotating speed depends on the velocity ratio of the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes; And suitably select the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes join the tooth scheme; Can obtain bigger velocity ratio; And shock wave device is two phase cam rings; It is 2 that the wave number
of oscillating tooth number
and central gear differs; Do not need eccentric the installation, entire mechanism receives force self-balanced.
5. in the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes, two phase cam rings and oscillating tooth are multiple tooth engagement in the evagination, so can realize transmission high-power, high pulling torque.
The present invention compares with existing reciprocating type crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, has following beneficial technical effects.
1. vibrate little, impact is little, noise is little, running is steady
The wheeled swinging transmission mechanism of two phase convexes has replaced the connecting rod in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine in the evagination because the present invention adopts; Completely abolished crankshaft-and-connecting-rod; In the evagination two phase cam rings with two mutually the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of convex mechanism all be axially symmetric structure; There are not eccentric mass and uneven centrifugal force; Eliminated because of bent axle mass eccentricity, connecting rod do inertial force and tilting moment and consequent impact shock and noise that plane motion causes, eliminated the connecting rod beat and caused piston to bounce vibration and noise that cylinder wall causes.
In evagination two phase cam rings around circular symmetric be uniformly distributed with eight cylinders, the cylinder piston working state of wherein any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by is synchronous, that is: or the acting of gaseous combustion simultaneously or exhaust simultaneously or air-breathing simultaneously or compression simultaneously; Therefore; Impact force always occurs in pairs, can cancel each other, and it is zero that the interior two phase cam rings of evagination are made a concerted effort; So impact shock is less, thereby internal combustion engine operation is steady.
2. volume is little, in light weight, axial dimension is little, compact structure
Owing to cancelled the bent axle of bulky complex; Each air cylinder annular symmetry is distributed on around the interior two phase cam rings of evagination; And the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes mechanism is built in the interior two phase cam rings of evagination; Two phase cam rings are the cam in the cam mechanism in the evagination, are again two phase cam rings in the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of the two phase convexes mechanism, so Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine of the present invention is compact, axial dimension is little, volume is little, in light weight.
The present invention adopts the power that the wheeled swinging transmission mechanism output piston of two phase convexes produces in the evagination, and internal-combustion engine and speed change gear (retarder) are united two into one, and need not to join in addition speed reducer, and structure reduces greatly, so compact structure, small and exquisite.
3. velocity ratio is bigger, the integrated preparatory deceleration of complete machine
The pto of this internal-combustion engine is the output shaft with the central gear key connecting; The wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes is with two phase cam rings input power in the evagination; Movable teeth rack is fixed, and central gear output suitably selects to join the tooth scheme; Can realize bigger velocity ratio, and still keep plurality of advantages such as compact structure, quality is little, volume is little.Internal-combustion engine low-speed big outputting power can be widely used in needing fields such as powerful engineering machinery, military affairs, national defence, such as excavator, bulldozer, tank, armored vehicle etc.
Fretting wear little, receive force self-balanced, oil consumption is low, efficient is high, the life-span is long
The wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes is passed to output shaft output because the driving force of piston is directly passed to two phase cam rings in the evagination through the push rod roller.In piston push rod and the evagination two mutually between the cam ring for rolling friction connects, the transmission efficiency height has been cancelled serious wear, connecting rod that friction power loss is big.The wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes is that multiple tooth engagement, bearing capacity are big, and because of multiple tooth engagement simultaneously, output rigidity is big, and transmission is also more steadily reliable.Simultaneously the stressed autobalance of himself and inner oscillating tooth thereof can realized and guarantee to two phase cam rings in the evagination; In transmission device, do not exist in the tooth difference Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer and inertial force, excitation force and the tilting moment etc. that shock wave device exists are installed because of off-centre; Avoided the vibrational excitation of transmission device from transmission principle; Thereby help improving the efficient of transmission, its efficiency value can reach more than 0.95.The mechanical friction wearing and tearing are also less, and oil consumption is low, and internal-combustion engine life-span is longer.
5. have good and economic, power character and exhaust index
Because the characteristics of motion of piston depends on the exterior contour curve of two phase cam rings in the evagination fully; So can design cam contour through choosing appropriate piston motion rule; And appropriate piston motion rule should make abundant, perfect, the fuel thermal energy utilization ratio height of gaseous combustion in the cylinder; Therefore, internal-combustion engine of the present invention has good power character, Economy and exhaust index, can reach energy-conserving and environment-protective and the purpose that improves gear efficiency.
6. simple in structure, good manufacturability, cost of production are low
Design of part in the internal-combustion engine of the present invention is simple, good manufacturability, cost of production are low, has completely abolished the crankshaft-and-connecting-rod of complex structure, manufacturing difficulty.
7. bearing capacity is big
The wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes is multiple tooth engagement, stable drive, and oscillating tooth can be shared load jointly and realize power dividing.So internal combustion engine operation is steady, the ability of opposing shock and vibration is stronger, and bearing capacity is big.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1; The wheeled swing transmission internal combustion engine of two phase convexes shown in Figure 2 is made up of two phase cam rings (11), oscillating tooth (12), movable teeth rack (13), oscillating tooth pin (14), central gear (15) etc. in intake valve (1), cylinder head (2), cylinder (3), exhaust valve (4), cylinder body (5), piston (6), push rod (7), roller (8), spring (9), output shaft (10), the evagination.The circular symmetric on every side of two phase cam rings (11) is uniformly distributed with eight cylinders (3) in evagination, and the angle of adjacent two cylinders is 45 °.A piston (6) is arranged in each cylinder (3); One end of push rod (7) and piston (6) are fixed together; The other end is equipped with roller (8); Roller (8) make in push rod (7) and the evagination two mutually cam ring (11) be the rolling friction connection between the two; One end of spring (9) is fixed on the bottom of piston (6), and the other end is fixed on the boss of cylinder (3) bottom, the effect of spring (9) be make on the push rod (7) roller (8) all the time with evagination in two cam ring (11) contacts mutually.The outside of two phase cam rings (11) is four phase cams with four projections that are mutually 90 ° of angles and axle center symmetry in the evagination, the two phase cam rings that inside is made up of two eccentric circles.Formed cam mechanism by two phase cam rings (11), cylinder body (5), spring (9) in the piston (6), push rod (7), roller (8), evagination, by two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination, oscillating tooth (12), movable teeth rack (13), oscillating tooth pin (14), central gear (15) with formed the two wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of convex mechanisms mutually with the output shaft (10) of central gear (15) key connecting.In the evagination two phase cam rings (11) with this cam mechanism with two mutually the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of convex mechanism be organically integrated.Two phase cam rings (11) are the cam in the cam mechanism in the evagination, are again two phase cam rings in the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of the two phase convexes mechanism, and the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of whole two phase convexes mechanism is embedded in the inside of two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination.Movable teeth rack (13) connects firmly with frame; Central gear (15) and output shaft (10) key connecting; The shaft axis of two phase cam rings (11), movable teeth rack (13) and central gear (15), output shaft parts such as (10) overlaps and is supported by rack bearing in the evagination; Oscillating tooth pin (14) circumferentially is uniformly distributed with and is fixed on the movable teeth rack (13); Oscillating tooth (12) and oscillating tooth pin (14) are formed revolute pair, oscillating tooth (12) in oscillating tooth pin (14) swing with two cam ring (11), central gear (15) are meshed respectively and respectively form a higher pair mutually in the evagination.Internal-combustion engine of the present invention not only has the series of advantages of the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes, and structure is very compact.The outer surface cam profile curve of two phase cam rings (11) can be chosen different curves on demand in the evagination.Present embodiment is made the outer surface cam profile curve that the cosine acceleration motion rule is confirmed two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination by piston (6); Promptly when in the evagination during two phase cam ring (11) uniform rotation; Piston (6) does reciprocating linear motion by the cosine acceleration motion rule, and its cycle of motion is 1/4th of interior two phase cam ring (11) period of rotation of evagination.The pto of present embodiment internal-combustion engine is the output shaft (10) with the central gear key connecting; The wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes is with two phase cam rings (11) input power in the evagination; Movable teeth rack is fixed; Central gear output can realize bigger velocity ratio, but internal-combustion engine low-speed big outputting power.
The working principle of internal-combustion engine according to the invention is: when internal combustion engine; Piston (6) in the gaseous combustion acting cylinder; Its driving force directly acts on the interior two phase cam rings (11) of evagination through push rod (7); Promote the interior two phase cam rings (11) of evagination and be rotated counterclockwise, power is passed to output shaft (10) output by two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination through the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes mechanism; Because the rotation of two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination; Roll on the profile of roller (8) two phase cam rings (11) in evagination and make push rod (7) and the piston (6) that not have to do work slides in cylinder (3), accomplish the stroke of air-breathing or pressurized gas or exhaust.In Fig. 1, with cylinder a and e, b and f, c and g, d and h each as one group, then altogether four groups of cylinders.If the piston among cylinder a, the e is in the initial position of suction stroke; Piston among cylinder b, the f is in the initial position of compression stroke; Piston among cylinder c, the g is in the initial position of gaseous combustion expansion stroke; Piston among cylinder d, the h is in the initial position of exhaust stroke, and the stroke process of two adjacent groups cylinder piston differs a stroke, is 45 ° corresponding to the phase difference of two phase cam ring (11) corners in the evagination.Then two phase cam rings (11) turn over after 45 ° counterclockwise in evagination; Cylinder b, the f acting that takes fire again; Two phase cam rings turn over after 45 ° more counterclockwise in the evagination, cylinder a, the e acting that takes fire again, and it then is cylinder d, the h acting that takes fire that cylinder a, e work by combustion are accomplished later; Take turns to cylinder c and g work by combustion afterwards again; So circulation is gone down, and makes two phase cam rings (11) running reposefully continuously in the evagination, and the internal surface two phase cam ring profiles of two phase cam rings (11) promote oscillating tooth (12) around oscillating tooth pin (14) swing that is fixed on the movable teeth rack in the evagination; And movable teeth rack (13) is fixedly connected with frame; So oscillating tooth is meshed with central gear (15) under the effect of contraction of movable teeth rack and oscillating tooth pin (14), force central gear (15) to rotate, and by reposefully power and motion being exported continuously with the output shaft (10) of central gear (15) key connecting.180 ° of symmetric arrangement because two cylinders in every group of cylinder are separated by; And working state is identical at any time; So eight pistons (6) to the comprehensive function effect of two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination are: two phase cam rings (11) only receive the effect of pure couple in the evagination, and being made a concerted effort is zero.Since in the evagination two phase cam rings (11) with two mutually the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of convex mechanism not only have structural symmetry, and stressed also be symmetrical, so be zero their suffered making a concerted effort, only receive force couple role.Therefore the impact shock of internal-combustion engine of the present invention is little, and running steadily.
Speed change characteristic for explanation internal-combustion engine of the present invention; If the rotating speed of two phase cam rings (11) is
in the wave number
of the number of teeth of oscillating tooth (12)
, central gear (15), evagination.Movable teeth rack (13) is fixed (
), and then the velocity ratio of the wheeled Swing Movable Teeth Drive of two phase convexes is:
So
; It is thus clear that; Central gear (15), output shaft (10) turn to evagination in two phase cam rings (11) identical; Rotating speed two phase cam rings (11) in the evagination; Internal-combustion engine deceleration outputting power can be realized low-speed big output.This specific character is suitable for needing the occasion of high pulling torque output, needing can be widely used in the fields such as aviation, engineering machinery of high-power high pulling torque, such as tank, armored vehicle and excavator, bulldozer etc.
The internal-combustion engine of present embodiment also is provided with starting system, gas distribution system, lubrication system, oil supply system and cooling system etc.