CN102812933A - Overwintering preserving breeding method for aphidius gifuensis - Google Patents
Overwintering preserving breeding method for aphidius gifuensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102812933A CN102812933A CN2012103337766A CN201210333776A CN102812933A CN 102812933 A CN102812933 A CN 102812933A CN 2012103337766 A CN2012103337766 A CN 2012103337766A CN 201210333776 A CN201210333776 A CN 201210333776A CN 102812933 A CN102812933 A CN 102812933A
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- 241001305034 Aphidius gifuensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 142
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims description 128
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000008100 Brassica rapa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000000540 Brassica rapa subsp rapa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000255749 Coccinellidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000700608 Sagitta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000275633 Syrphus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005058 diapause Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an overwintering preserving breeding method for an aphidius gifuensis and belongs to the technical field of biological control. The overwintering preserving breeding method for the aphidius gifuensis solves the problem that in the prior art, overwintering preservation is performed on the aphidius gifuensis difficultly, and the heavy demand for the aphidius gifuensis in a tobacco planting season in a coming year is difficult to meet. The overwintering preserving breeding method comprises a first step of greenhouse aphidius gifuensis selection which comprises cultivation of host plants, collecting of an aphidius gifuensis source, aphidius gifuensis inoculation in a greenhouse, and purification and rejuvenation; a second step of winter greenhouse aphidius gifuensis preservation which comprises cultivation of aphidius gifuensis preserving plants, aphidius gifuensis inoculation in the greenhouse, and purification and rejuvenation; and a third step of expanding propagation in the greenhouse. The aphidius gifuensis is successfully accumulated and preserved during the time from finish of massive reproduction of the aphidius gifuensis in August to April in a coming year and before massive reproduction of the aphidius gifuensis, and the aphidius gifuensises with enough quantity and good quality are provided for massive reproduction of the aphidius gifuensis in a next year.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the biological control technical field, particularly a kind ofly in the winter time aphidius gifuensis is protected a technology of kind breeding.
Background technology
At present; Adopt artificial fecundation to discharge aphidius gifuensis control vega important pests-cigarette aphid and obtained good result; The area that discharges aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid constantly increases, and has reduced the insecticide pesticide amount of application significantly, has reduced the control cost of cigarette aphid; Aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid technology has broad application prospects in biological control, is the core of " controlling worm with worm " nuisanceless green biological pest control system engineering.
After annual August, along with gathering of tobacco leaf, the cigarette aphid no longer works the mischief at vega; A large amount of numerous honeybees, put the honeybee end-of-job, and in May, second the cigarette aphid when vega takes place, need a large amount of aphidius gifuensis in the vega bulk storage; Therefore; During April August to next year then, need the kind honeybee of child care sufficient amount, for the usefulness of 1 year a large amount of numerous honeybee.
Yet the big temperature canopy of existing numerous honeybee is when temperature is low in the winter time, and the guarantor who is difficult to reach aphidius gifuensis plants 22 ± 5 ℃ of needed temperature; The condition of humidity 50%-70%; Therefore, existing numerous bee technology is difficult to aphidius gifuensis is carried out over wintering, can't satisfy the needs of next year vega bulk storage.
Summary of the invention
Be difficult to aphidius gifuensis is carried out over wintering for solving in the prior art, be difficult to satisfy the problem of tobacco planting season next year to the wilderness demand of aphidius gifuensis, the present invention provides a kind of aphidius gifuensis over wintering mating system, and its technical scheme is following:
Aphidius gifuensis over wintering mating system comprises following sequential steps:
Step 1: warm canopy seed selection:
Step 1.1: cultivate the host plant:
Adopt floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings cigarette seedling, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling; Cheng Miaohou in the basin in seedling strain transplanting to the numerous aphid chamber that is surrounded by fly net, cultivates after 20-30 days; Carry out the seedling strain and connect aphid; Said seedling strain connect aphid be meant in every seedling strain manual work connect four age aphid or aptery one-tenth aphid 8-12 head, said Cheng Miao be meant the cigarette seedling cultivate to seven leaves wholeheartedly, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling cultivate to five leaves wholeheartedly;
The seedling strain connects the management behind the aphid: accomplish that little water duty waters, guarantee that basin soil is moistening, avoid plant to wilt; Regulate and control temperature, humidity and illumination in the canopy through warm canopy louver(-vre), sunshade net, keep 22 ± 5 ℃ of numerous aphid indoor temperatures, humidity 50%-70% guarantees room ventilation, printing opacity; Control aphid mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew; Control hyperparasitism honeybee;
The seedling strain connects behind the aphid 15-20 days, when the cigarette aphid in every seedling strain breeds 2000, cultivates and obtains the host plant;
Step 1.2: field bee source:
The annual 8-10 month, from weeds in field, land for growing field crops vegetables, select a big aseptic wild stiff aphid or a wild cocoon honeybee, be collected in the test tube, above-mentioned wild stiff aphid is introduced in the warm canopy, make wild stiff aphid develop into wild cocoon honeybee;
Select the individual big indoor cocoon honeybee of cultivating in the warm canopy;
With above-mentioned wild cocoon honeybee with after indoor cocoon honeybee mixes by the quantity of 4:6, as the cocoon honeybee of warm canopy inoculation usefulness;
Step 1.3: connect honeybee in the warm canopy:
Choose the host plant that did not inoculate the cocoon honeybee in the step 1.1,, the cocoon honeybee of warm canopy inoculation usefulness is put into numerous aphid chamber in the ratio of 20 cocoon honeybees of every strain host plant inoculation; The cocoon honeybee is flown on the host plant; Seek the ovipositing hosts of cigarette aphid, form stiff aphid, accomplish and connect the honeybee process in the warm canopy;
Step 1.4: purification and rejuvenation:
Temperature connects honeybee after 20 days in the canopy, and stiff aphid is screened, and removes stiff in spite of illness aphid and by the stiff aphid of hyperparasitism honeybee parasitism; The stiff aphid that keeps healthy and strong no hyperparasitism performance; Develop into the cocoon honeybee, the cocoon honeybee as warm canopy inoculation usefulness turns back to and carries out once more in the step 1.3 connecing honeybee in the warm canopy;
Step 2: winter greenhouse is protected and is planted:
Step 2.1: cultivate and protect kind of a plant:
In February November to next year, adopt floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings Cheng Miaohou cigarette seedling, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling; The seedling strain is transplanted in the basin to the glass greenhouse, cultivate after 20-30 days, carry out the seedling strain and connect aphid; Said seedling strain connect aphid be meant in every seedling strain manual work connect four age aphid or aptery one-tenth aphid 8-12 head, said Cheng Miao be meant the cigarette seedling cultivate to seven leaves wholeheartedly, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling cultivate to five leaves wholeheartedly; Said glass greenhouse is meant the greenhouse of steelframe glass structure; Add gentleness through warmer and humidifier in the glass greenhouse and preserve moisture, make the interior temperature of glass greenhouse be controlled at 15-25 ℃, humidity and be controlled at about 50%, and glass greenhouse is under the natural lighting condition;
The seedling strain connects behind the aphid 15-20 days, when the cigarette aphid in every seedling strain breeds 2000, cultivates and obtains protecting kind of a plant;
To pass through the cocoon honeybee after 1.4 purification and rejuvenation set by step 2-3 time, as the cocoon honeybee of greenhouse inoculation usefulness;
Step 2.2: connect honeybee in the greenhouse:
Choose the guarantor who did not inoculate the cocoon honeybee in the step 2.1 and plant plant, protect kind of the ratio of 20 cocoon honeybees of plant inoculation, the greenhouse is inoculated the cocoon honeybee of usefulness and put into glass greenhouse in every strain; The cocoon honeybee is flown to protect on kind of the plant; Seek the ovipositing hosts of cigarette aphid, form stiff aphid, accomplish in the greenhouse and connect the honeybee process;
Step 2.3: purification and rejuvenation:
Connect honeybee in the greenhouse after 20 days, stiff aphid is screened, remove stiff in spite of illness aphid and by the parasitic stiff aphid of hyperparasitism honeybee; The stiff aphid that keeps healthy and strong no hyperparasitism performance; Develop into the cocoon honeybee, the cocoon honeybee as greenhouse inoculation usefulness turns back to and carries out once more in the step 2.2 connecing honeybee in the greenhouse;
Step 3: warm canopy expands numerous:
, with in step 2 cocoon honeybee through for several times purification and rejuvenation after as the cocoon honeybee of inoculation usefulness, turn back to step 1.3 warm canopy in connect honeybee and follow-up step 1.4 purification and rejuvenation to April February next year, and it is numerous to carry out the expansion of cocoon honeybee, is used for the cocoon honeybee of the 5-7 month at the vega bulk storage in a large number.
The present invention utilizes August a large amount of numerous honeybees to finish to April next year, during this period of time, successfully accumulates and preserve aphidius gifuensis before a large amount of numerous honeybees begin, for the child care of a large amount of breeding in next year aphidius gifuensis provides sufficient amount and quality aphidius gifuensis preferably.
In the such scheme, in the over wintering stage, the numerous once actual cocoon honeybee of dropping into of every expansion is 1:120 with the ratio of the kind honeybee quantity of output.
As preferred version of the present invention:
In the said step 2.3, the stalwartness of reservation does not have the stiff aphid of hyperparasitism performance, need be after rigid 4-5 days; It is loaded in the test tube; Refrigerate in 5 ℃ climatic cabinate and to store 20-30 days, and then it is taken out develop into the cocoon honeybee, as the cocoon honeybee of greenhouse inoculation usefulness.
In the such scheme; Utilize Insect Diapause and under cryogenic conditions, grow characteristic slowly, can prolong the time that stiff aphid preserves, be convenient to carry out relocation propagation after stiff aphid is transported in the strange land; The survival rate that refrigerates 20 days stiff aphid is 90%, and the survival rate that refrigerates 30 days stiff aphid is 60%.
As further improvement project of the present invention:
Be used to cultivate the cultivating soil of host plant in the said step 1.1; And the compound method that is used to cultivate the cultivating soil of protecting kind of plant in the step 2.1 is following: choose gutless red soil 1000 ㎏ that cross cigarette and vegetables, add well-rotted farmyard manure 300 ㎏, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20 ㎏ fully mix thoroughly, heap is sealed and is fermented more than the 30d; Add an amount of bactericide and insecticide during the dress basin; Fully mix thoroughly, prevent soil worm in spite of illness, preparation obtains cultivating soil;
In the said step 1.1; The concrete grammar of regulating and control temperature, humidity and illumination in the canopy through warm canopy louver(-vre), sunshade net is: the strong fine day of illumination is rolled the film of booth side; Make the canopy inner air convection, launch the sunshade net and reduce illumination, thereby make the temperature in the booth unlikely too high; At dusk put down the film of side, make the interior nocturnal temperature of canopy be not less than 10 ℃; The cloudy day film of side is not rolled, and packs up the sunshade net simultaneously, and making has suitable illumination in the canopy;
In the said step 1.1, the method for preventing and treating powdery mildew is to reduce warm canopy humidity, increases illumination;
In the said step 1.1, the method for control hyperparasitism honeybee is to close the doors and windows, and the wide edge tiny golden wasp of prevention aphid natural enemy is gone into canopy, or will be shifted out outside the canopy by the parasitic honeybee kind of the wide edge tiny golden wasp of aphid, syrphus fly, ladybug, cigarette fleahopper is carried out manual work catch.
As further improvement project of the present invention:
Said temperature canopy is by the conjoined green house frame and cover the peripheral canopy film of greenhouse frame and constitute; Comprise two domes, two sides and two end faces; Greenhouse frame is a steel frame construction, long 50 meters, wide 12 meters, and 3 meters of shoulder heights, 4.6 meters of sagitta; 3 meters of the column spacings of greenhouse frame, 6 meters of spans, 0.75 meter of spring base, vault is provided with three vertical poles; 4 cover film-coiling devices are arranged on the greenhouse frame, and wherein two covers are installed in the greenhouse frame both sides, and other two covers are installed in the outer top of greenhouse frame; The greenhouse frame inner top is provided with the sunshade net, and sunshade side off the net is useful on numerous aphid chamber of breeding cigarette aphid, and numerous aphid chamber is made up of the framework 60 order fly nets peripheral with covering framework; There are two rows numerous aphid chamber; Arrange along two sides in the greenhouse frame respectively, the numerous aphid of every row chamber has 17, and wherein the numerous aphid of row chamber is long 6 meters, wide 3 meters, high 1.8 meters; Another arranges long 4.5 meters, wide 3 meters, high 1.8 meters of numerous aphid chamber, and the numerous aphid of two rows stays 1.5 meters wide aisle between the chamber.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation:
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of warm canopy described in the present invention.
Embodiment
Along with gathering of tobacco leaf, the cigarette aphid no longer works the mischief at vega after annual August, a large amount of numerous honeybees, puts the honeybee end-of-job; To in May, second the cigarette aphid take place at vega, just need a large amount of aphidius gifuensis in the vega bulk storage, therefore; During February August to next year then; Be to protect kind of the critical period of purification and rejuvenation, only need the kind honeybee of child care sufficient amount to supply the usefulness of a large amount of numerous honeybees, wherein: the 8-10 month is the warm canopy seed selection phase; The 11-1 month is winter greenhouse child care or low tempertaure storage kind honeybee phase, and the 2-4 month is warm canopy honeybee kind expanding propagation or low tempertaure storage period.
Specifically, aphidius gifuensis over wintering mating system of the present invention comprises following sequential steps:
Step 1: warm canopy seed selection:
Step 1.1: cultivate the host plant:
Adopt floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings cigarette seedling, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling; Cheng Miaohou in the basin in seedling strain transplanting to the numerous aphid chamber that is surrounded by fly net, cultivates after 20-30 days; Carry out the seedling strain and connect aphid; Said seedling strain connect aphid be meant in every seedling strain manual work connect four age aphid or aptery one-tenth aphid 8-12 head, said Cheng Miao be meant the cigarette seedling cultivate to seven leaves wholeheartedly, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling cultivate to five leaves wholeheartedly;
The seedling strain connects the management behind the aphid: accomplish that little water duty waters, guarantee that basin soil is moistening, avoid plant to wilt; Regulate and control temperature, humidity and illumination in the canopy through warm canopy louver(-vre), sunshade net, keep 22 ± 5 ℃ of numerous aphid indoor temperatures, humidity 50%-70% guarantees room ventilation, printing opacity; Control aphid mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew; Control hyperparasitism honeybee;
The seedling strain connects behind the aphid 15-20 days, when the cigarette aphid in every seedling strain breeds 2000, cultivates and obtains the host plant;
Step 1.2: field bee source:
The annual 8-10 month, from weeds in field, land for growing field crops vegetables, select a big aseptic wild stiff aphid or a wild cocoon honeybee, be collected in the test tube, above-mentioned wild stiff aphid is introduced in the warm canopy, make wild stiff aphid develop into wild cocoon honeybee;
Select the individual big indoor cocoon honeybee of cultivating in the warm canopy;
With above-mentioned wild cocoon honeybee with after indoor cocoon honeybee mixes by the quantity of 4:6, as the cocoon honeybee of warm canopy inoculation usefulness;
Step 1.3: connect honeybee in the warm canopy:
Choose the host plant that did not inoculate the cocoon honeybee in the step 1.1,, the cocoon honeybee of warm canopy inoculation usefulness is put into numerous aphid chamber in the ratio of 20 cocoon honeybees of every strain host plant inoculation; The cocoon honeybee is flown on the host plant; Seek the ovipositing hosts of cigarette aphid, form stiff aphid, accomplish and connect the honeybee process in the warm canopy;
Step 1.4: purification and rejuvenation:
Temperature connects honeybee after 20 days in the canopy, and stiff aphid is screened, and removes stiff in spite of illness aphid and by the stiff aphid of hyperparasitism honeybee parasitism; The stiff aphid that keeps healthy and strong no hyperparasitism performance; Develop into the cocoon honeybee, the cocoon honeybee as warm canopy inoculation usefulness turns back to and carries out once more in the step 1.3 connecing honeybee in the warm canopy;
Step 2: winter greenhouse is protected and is planted:
Step 2.1: cultivate and protect kind of a plant:
In February November to next year, adopt floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings Cheng Miaohou cigarette seedling, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling; The seedling strain is transplanted in the basin to the glass greenhouse, cultivate after 20-30 days, carry out the seedling strain and connect aphid; Said seedling strain connect aphid be meant in every seedling strain manual work connect four age aphid or aptery one-tenth aphid 8-12 head, said Cheng Miao be meant the cigarette seedling cultivate to seven leaves wholeheartedly, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling cultivate to five leaves wholeheartedly; Said glass greenhouse is meant the greenhouse of steelframe glass structure; Add gentleness through warmer and humidifier in the glass greenhouse and preserve moisture, make the interior temperature of glass greenhouse be controlled at 15-25 ℃, humidity and be controlled at about 50%, and glass greenhouse is under the natural lighting condition;
The seedling strain connects behind the aphid 15-20 days, when the cigarette aphid in every seedling strain breeds 2000, cultivates and obtains protecting kind of a plant;
To pass through the cocoon honeybee after 1.4 purification and rejuvenation set by step 2-3 time, as the cocoon honeybee of greenhouse inoculation usefulness;
Step 2.2: connect honeybee in the greenhouse:
Choose the guarantor who did not inoculate the cocoon honeybee in the step 2.1 and plant plant, protect kind of the ratio of 20 cocoon honeybees of plant inoculation, the greenhouse is inoculated the cocoon honeybee of usefulness and put into glass greenhouse in every strain; The cocoon honeybee is flown to protect on kind of the plant; Seek the ovipositing hosts of cigarette aphid, form stiff aphid, accomplish in the greenhouse and connect the honeybee process;
Step 2.3: purification and rejuvenation:
Connect honeybee in the greenhouse after 20 days, stiff aphid is screened, remove stiff in spite of illness aphid and by the parasitic stiff aphid of hyperparasitism honeybee; The stiff aphid that keeps healthy and strong no hyperparasitism performance; Develop into the cocoon honeybee, the cocoon honeybee as greenhouse inoculation usefulness turns back to and carries out once more in the step 2.2 connecing honeybee in the greenhouse;
Step 3: warm canopy expands numerous:
, with in step 2 cocoon honeybee through for several times purification and rejuvenation after as the cocoon honeybee of inoculation usefulness, turn back to step 1.3 warm canopy in connect honeybee and follow-up step 1.4 purification and rejuvenation to April February next year, and it is numerous to carry out the expansion of cocoon honeybee, is used for the cocoon honeybee of the 5-7 month at the vega bulk storage in a large number.
In the said step 2.3, the stalwartness of reservation does not have the stiff aphid of hyperparasitism performance, need be after rigid 4-5 days; It is loaded in the test tube; Refrigerate in 5 ℃ climatic cabinate and to store 20-30 days, and then it is taken out develop into the cocoon honeybee, as the cocoon honeybee of greenhouse inoculation usefulness.
Be used to cultivate the cultivating soil of host plant in the said step 1.1; And the compound method that is used to cultivate the cultivating soil of protecting kind of plant in the step 2.1 is following: choose gutless red soil 1000 ㎏ that cross cigarette and vegetables, add well-rotted farmyard manure 300 ㎏, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20 ㎏ fully mix thoroughly, heap is sealed and is fermented more than the 30d; Add an amount of bactericide and insecticide during the dress basin; Fully mix thoroughly, prevent soil worm in spite of illness, preparation obtains cultivating soil;
In the said step 1.1; The concrete grammar of regulating and control temperature, humidity and illumination in the canopy through warm canopy louver(-vre), sunshade net is: the strong fine day of illumination is rolled the film of booth side; Make the canopy inner air convection, launch the sunshade net and reduce illumination, thereby make the temperature in the booth unlikely too high; At dusk put down the film of side, make the interior nocturnal temperature of canopy be not less than 10 ℃; The cloudy day film of side is not rolled, and packs up the sunshade net simultaneously, and making has suitable illumination in the canopy;
In the said step 1.1, the method for preventing and treating powdery mildew is to reduce warm canopy humidity, increases illumination;
In the said step 1.1, the method for control hyperparasitism honeybee is to close the doors and windows, and the wide edge tiny golden wasp of prevention aphid natural enemy is gone into canopy, or will be shifted out outside the canopy by the parasitic honeybee kind of the wide edge tiny golden wasp of aphid, syrphus fly, ladybug, cigarette fleahopper is carried out manual work catch.
Said temperature canopy is as shown in Figure 1; By the greenhouse frame 1 of disjunctor and cover greenhouse frame 1 peripheral canopy film 2 and constitute, comprise two domes, two sides and two end faces, greenhouse frame 1 is a steel frame construction; Long 50 meters, wide 12 meters; 3 meters of shoulder heights, 4.6 meters of sagitta, 3 meters of column 9 spacings of greenhouse frame 1,6 meters of spans, 0.75 meter of spring base, vault is provided with three vertical poles 10; 4 cover film-coiling devices 8 are arranged on the greenhouse frame 1, and wherein two covers are installed in greenhouse frame 1 both sides, and other two covers are installed in greenhouse frame 1 outer top; Greenhouse frame 1 inner top is provided with sunshade net 5, and sunshade net 5 belows are useful on numerous aphid chamber 6 of breeding cigarette aphid, and numerous aphid chamber 6 is made up of framework 3 and the 60 order fly nets 4 that cover framework 3 peripheries; There are two rows numerous aphid chamber 6; Arrange along two sides in the greenhouse frame 1 respectively, the numerous aphid of every row chamber 6 has 17, and wherein the numerous aphid of row chamber 6 length are 6 meters, wide 3 meters, high 1.8 meters; Another arranges 4.5 meters, wide 3 meters, high 1.8 meters of numerous aphid chamber 6 length, stays 1.5 meters wide aisle 7 between the numerous aphid of the two rows chamber 6.Every breeding cigarette aphid is respectively more than 270,000 and 210,000, and the breeding aphidius gifuensis is respectively more than 180,000 and 140,000.
Claims (4)
1. aphidius gifuensis over wintering mating system is characterized in that comprising following sequential steps:
Step 1: warm canopy seed selection:
Step 1.1: cultivate the host plant:
Adopt floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings cigarette seedling, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling; Cheng Miaohou in the basin in seedling strain transplanting to the numerous aphid chamber that is surrounded by fly net, cultivates after 20-30 days; Carry out the seedling strain and connect aphid; Said seedling strain connect aphid be meant in every seedling strain manual work connect four age aphid or aptery one-tenth aphid 8-12 head, said Cheng Miao be meant the cigarette seedling cultivate to seven leaves wholeheartedly, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling cultivate to five leaves wholeheartedly;
The seedling strain connects the management behind the aphid: accomplish that little water duty waters, guarantee that basin soil is moistening, avoid plant to wilt; Regulate and control temperature, humidity and illumination in the canopy through warm canopy louver(-vre), sunshade net, keep 22 ± 5 ℃ of numerous aphid indoor temperatures, humidity 50%-70% guarantees room ventilation, printing opacity; Control aphid mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew; Control hyperparasitism honeybee;
The seedling strain connects behind the aphid 15-20 days, when the cigarette aphid in every seedling strain breeds 2000, cultivates and obtains the host plant;
Step 1.2: field bee source:
The annual 8-10 month, from weeds in field, land for growing field crops vegetables, select a big aseptic wild stiff aphid or a wild cocoon honeybee, be collected in the test tube, above-mentioned wild stiff aphid is introduced in the warm canopy, make wild stiff aphid develop into wild cocoon honeybee;
Select the individual big indoor cocoon honeybee of cultivating in the warm canopy;
With above-mentioned wild cocoon honeybee with after indoor cocoon honeybee mixes by the quantity of 4:6, as the cocoon honeybee of warm canopy inoculation usefulness;
Step 1.3: connect honeybee in the warm canopy:
Choose the host plant that did not inoculate the cocoon honeybee in the step 1.1,, the cocoon honeybee of warm canopy inoculation usefulness is put into numerous aphid chamber in the ratio of 20 cocoon honeybees of every strain host plant inoculation; The cocoon honeybee is flown on the host plant; Seek the ovipositing hosts of cigarette aphid, form stiff aphid, accomplish and connect the honeybee process in the warm canopy;
Step 1.4: purification and rejuvenation:
Temperature connects honeybee after 20 days in the canopy, and stiff aphid is screened, and removes stiff in spite of illness aphid and by the stiff aphid of hyperparasitism honeybee parasitism; The stiff aphid that keeps healthy and strong no hyperparasitism performance; Develop into the cocoon honeybee, the cocoon honeybee as warm canopy inoculation usefulness turns back to and carries out once more in the step 1.3 connecing honeybee in the warm canopy;
Step 2: winter greenhouse is protected and is planted:
Step 2.1: cultivate and protect kind of a plant:
In February November to next year, adopt floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings Cheng Miaohou cigarette seedling, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling; The seedling strain is transplanted in the basin to the glass greenhouse, cultivate after 20-30 days, carry out the seedling strain and connect aphid; Said seedling strain connect aphid be meant in every seedling strain manual work connect four age aphid or aptery one-tenth aphid 8-12 head, said Cheng Miao be meant the cigarette seedling cultivate to seven leaves wholeheartedly, Turnip Sprouts or green vegetables seedling cultivate to five leaves wholeheartedly; Said glass greenhouse is meant the greenhouse of steelframe glass structure; Add gentleness through warmer and humidifier in the glass greenhouse and preserve moisture, make the interior temperature of glass greenhouse be controlled at 15-25 ℃, humidity and be controlled at about 50%, and glass greenhouse is under the natural lighting condition;
The seedling strain connects behind the aphid 15-20 days, when the cigarette aphid in every seedling strain breeds 2000, cultivates and obtains protecting kind of a plant;
To pass through the cocoon honeybee after 1.4 purification and rejuvenation set by step 2-3 time, as the cocoon honeybee of greenhouse inoculation usefulness;
Step 2.2: connect honeybee in the greenhouse:
Choose the guarantor who did not inoculate the cocoon honeybee in the step 2.1 and plant plant, protect kind of the ratio of 20 cocoon honeybees of plant inoculation, the greenhouse is inoculated the cocoon honeybee of usefulness and put into glass greenhouse in every strain; The cocoon honeybee is flown to protect on kind of the plant; Seek the ovipositing hosts of cigarette aphid, form stiff aphid, accomplish in the greenhouse and connect the honeybee process;
Step 2.3: purification and rejuvenation:
Connect honeybee in the greenhouse after 20 days, stiff aphid is screened, remove stiff in spite of illness aphid and by the parasitic stiff aphid of hyperparasitism honeybee; The stiff aphid that keeps healthy and strong no hyperparasitism performance; Develop into the cocoon honeybee, the cocoon honeybee as greenhouse inoculation usefulness turns back to and carries out once more in the step 2.2 connecing honeybee in the greenhouse;
Step 3: warm canopy expands numerous:
, with in step 2 cocoon honeybee through for several times purification and rejuvenation after as the cocoon honeybee of inoculation usefulness, turn back to step 1.3 warm canopy in connect honeybee and follow-up step 1.4 purification and rejuvenation to April February next year, and it is numerous to carry out the expansion of cocoon honeybee, is used for the cocoon honeybee of the 5-7 month at the vega bulk storage in a large number.
2. aphidius gifuensis over wintering mating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
In the said step 2.3, the stalwartness of reservation does not have the stiff aphid of hyperparasitism performance, need be after rigid 4-5 days; It is loaded in the test tube; Refrigerate in 5 ℃ climatic cabinate and to store 20-30 days, and then it is taken out develop into the cocoon honeybee, as the cocoon honeybee of greenhouse inoculation usefulness.
3. aphidius gifuensis over wintering mating system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Be used to cultivate the cultivating soil of host plant in the said step 1.1; And the compound method that is used to cultivate the cultivating soil of protecting kind of plant in the step 2.1 is following: choose gutless red soil 1000 ㎏ that cross cigarette and vegetables, add well-rotted farmyard manure 300 ㎏, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20 ㎏ fully mix thoroughly, heap is sealed and is fermented more than the 30d; Add an amount of bactericide and insecticide during the dress basin; Fully mix thoroughly, prevent soil worm in spite of illness, preparation obtains cultivating soil;
In the said step 1.1; The concrete grammar of regulating and control temperature, humidity and illumination in the canopy through warm canopy louver(-vre), sunshade net is: the strong fine day of illumination is rolled the film of booth side; Make the canopy inner air convection, launch the sunshade net and reduce illumination, thereby make the temperature in the booth unlikely too high; At dusk put down the film of side, make the interior nocturnal temperature of canopy be not less than 10 ℃; The cloudy day film of side is not rolled, and packs up the sunshade net simultaneously, and making has suitable illumination in the canopy;
In the said step 1.1, the method for preventing and treating powdery mildew is to reduce warm canopy humidity, increases illumination;
In the said step 1.1, the method for control hyperparasitism honeybee is to close the doors and windows, and the wide edge tiny golden wasp of prevention aphid natural enemy is gone into canopy, or will be shifted out outside the canopy by the parasitic honeybee kind of the wide edge tiny golden wasp of aphid, syrphus fly, ladybug, cigarette fleahopper is carried out manual work catch.
4. aphidius gifuensis over wintering mating system according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Said temperature canopy is by the greenhouse frame (1) of disjunctor and cover the peripheral canopy film (2) of greenhouse frame (1) and constitute; Comprise two domes, two sides and two end faces; Greenhouse frame (1) is a steel frame construction, long 50 meters, wide 12 meters, and 3 meters of shoulder heights, 4.6 meters of sagitta; 3 meters of column (9) spacings of greenhouse frame (1), 6 meters of spans, 0.75 meter of spring base, vault is provided with three vertical poles (10); 4 cover film-coiling devices (8) are arranged on the greenhouse frame (1); Wherein two covers are installed in greenhouse frame (1) both sides, and other two covers are installed in the outer top of greenhouse frame (1), and greenhouse frame (1) inner top is provided with sunshade net (5); Sunshade net (5) below is useful on numerous aphid chamber (6) of breeding cigarette aphid; Numerous aphid chamber (6) is by framework (3) and cover peripheral 60 order fly nets (4) formation of framework (3), and there are two rows numerous aphid chamber (6), arranges along the interior two sides of greenhouse frame (1) respectively; The numerous aphid of every row chamber (6) has 17; Wherein row numerous aphid chamber (6) is long 6 meters, wide 3 meters, high 1.8 meters, and another arranges long 4.5 meters, wide 3 meters, high 1.8 meters of numerous aphid chamber (6), stays 1.5 meters wide aisle (7) between two row numerous aphid chambers (6).
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