CN102810266A - High-rise escape drill platform and drill method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-rise escape practicing platform and a high-rise escape practicing method. The platform comprises a practicing environment simulation field, a control system, high-rise emergency escape auxiliary equipment and a firefighting escape knowledge display board, and is additionally provided with a practicing manual of the platform. The practicing environment simulation field is used for truly simulating positions and space of a fire disaster field and a smoke and fire environment; the control system is used for controlling automatic operation and man-machine interaction of firefighting equipment when a fire disaster occurs, guiding escape people and monitoring the integral practicing field and practicing people; the high-rise emergency escape auxiliary equipment is used for assisting the practicing people to escape from a high-rise under special conditions; the escape knowledge display board is used for broadcasting firefighting knowledge mainly including implementation methods of firefighting equipments and escape appliances; and the practicing manual provides a scientific escape demonstration and training method by the aid of the high-rise escape practicing platform.

Description

High-rise escape drill platform and drill method

technical field

The invention provides a high-rise escape drill platform, and in particular relates to a set of escape drill methods. The present invention can be popularized and applied to publicity of fire-fighting knowledge among community residents and college, middle and primary school students, fire-fighting science and technology exhibitions, high-rise escape drills, various escape methods and appliances, experimental verification and improvement research on fire-fighting design of buildings.

technical background

With the rapid development of social economy, more and more high-rise residential buildings, office buildings, commercial buildings, entertainment venues, etc. stand in the city. According to the relevant regulations of our country, public buildings higher than 24 meters and civil buildings with more than 10 floors are high-rise buildings. The emergence of a large number of high-rise buildings has brought vigor and vitality to the economic construction, commercial prosperity, population concentration, and national prosperity of the city. However, due to the improper fire protection design or management of many buildings, the weak awareness of the residents and the lack of fire protection knowledge, many fire tragedies have occurred. . According to relevant data, a total of 73,317 fires occurred across the country from January to June 2010 (referring to accidents in the underground parts of forests, grasslands, troops, and mines during the statistical month, the same below), 656 people died, 271 people were injured, and the direct property The loss was 792.907 million yuan. Fire poses a serious threat to the life and property of residents, and rescue and escape has become a social issue that people pay more and more attention to. Similar patents that have been applied for in my country include:

1. Accident emergency drill system, application number: 201010139613.5. It mainly includes basic database, 3D scene display component, plan management component and drill training department.

2. Drill method for large-scale activities, application number: 201010225541.6. The main functions are: set up signal receivers around the actual site; determine the actual position of the personnel in each site according to the signals received by the signal receiver from the signal transmitter installed on the personnel in each site; The actual position of the device is compared with the drill animation; and an adjustment instruction is sent to the personnel in the venue.

3. Real fire drill system for emergency rescue, application number: 201010164985.3. It is mainly composed of the main structure of the combustion object, the combustion device, the control and monitoring system, the exhaust fan, and the flashover device. It can achieve the purpose of simulating fire environment and actual combat training of rescue personnel.

At present, most of the fire drill methods and equipment in the society are single drills, which are simple and unsystematic, and cannot well achieve the purpose of the drill.

For this reason, the present invention designs a high-rise fire scene escape drill system, which is used to simulate a high-rise fire scene, educates and trains ordinary people to quickly escape from the fire scene in the face of a sudden fire, correctly uses fire-fighting equipment and escape tools, and realizes self-rescue and rescue other people. In this way, the trainees' awareness of fire hazards and fire protection knowledge can be enhanced, and the people's ability to escape in the face of sudden disasters can be improved. In addition, this platform can also be used for experimental verification research on some escape methods and their appliances, overall or partial fire protection design and transformation of buildings.

Contents of the invention

The invention relates to a high-rise escape drill platform, which includes four parts: a drill environment simulation site, a control system, high-rise emergency escape auxiliary equipment and an escape knowledge display board. The drill environment simulation site is used to truly simulate the flame and smoke environment of the fire scene; the control system is used for the control of fire-fighting equipment, the guidance of the drill personnel and the monitoring of the entire drill site and drill personnel when a fire occurs; the high-rise emergency escape auxiliary equipment is used to Drillers perform high-rise escape under special circumstances; the escape knowledge display board is used to publicize fire protection knowledge, mainly for escape methods and the use of fire-fighting equipment and escape appliances; in addition, drill manuals are equipped according to different site combinations, providing a platform for high-rise escape drills A set of scientific escape demonstration and training methods.

The invention has good mobility, and solves the inconvenience of selecting or requisitioning the drill site, the fear and tension of the surrounding people, and the risk of huge property losses and casualties caused by insufficient technology and management during previous fire drills. The drill platform of the present invention can complete various fire-fighting training as long as it is in a relatively wide place, and is especially suitable for places such as school playgrounds, community squares, and wilderness fields. Its drill method has changed the routine and boring nature of previous fire drills, making the whole drill lively, interesting and full of substance.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the practice site designed by the present invention can be quickly installed, disassembled and transferred. Its material is color steel sandwich panel wallboard (the outer layer is high-strength color steel plate, and the inner layer is polystyrene foam, a lightweight heat insulation material, which has light weight, high mechanical strength, heat insulation, corrosion resistance, and water vapor penetration resistance. and climate performance), assembled into common residential layouts, including rooms, walkways, stairs, etc. The platform can be built as a second floor, the main body of use is the downstairs plane, the stairs can reach the roof, and escape tools such as escape bags and ropes are installed on the roof. Tables, chairs, sofas, basins, mops, quilts, computers, flashlights, books and other daily necessities and tools can be selectively placed inside the room as auxiliary props to truly simulate the layout of residential or office spaces. Escape path indication signs, emergency lights, fire normally closed doors, fire extinguishing equipment, alarms, escape bag release switches, horns, etc. are set in the aisle. The specifications, dimensions, layout and auxiliary props of the platform can be adjusted appropriately according to factors such as venue and funds.

The installation process of the platform is as follows: (1) Choose a relatively spacious and flat site. (2) Install the wall panels according to the drawings. (3) Arrange the required props in the venue. (4) Arrange escape devices and fire extinguishing equipment. (5) Arrange circuit and electrical facilities, including automatic control systems such as fire alarms. (6) After inspecting the drill site, carry out overall debugging.

The control scheme used in this platform is a control system based on PLC as the controller. The function of this system is to perform operations such as alarming and spraying when the detected ambient temperature, smoke and harmful gas concentration exceed the safety threshold, and at the same time Automatically open high-rise escape auxiliary equipment according to the fire alarm level, in case of emergency escape from high-rise buildings when the fire exits such as stairs are blocked. In addition, the platform is equipped with cameras at key locations such as the roof, which can monitor the working conditions of the entire site and the training of the performers in real time, and make judgments on the training results of the performers after the training is over.

The main functions and functions of this platform are: let the performers (such as: college, middle and primary school students or ordinary people) be placed on the platform, through the above-mentioned fire scene simulation and escape training for the performers, the performers can fully understand the situation of the fire scene and experience the fire. The tense and fearful psychology at the scene, thus cultivating the endurance and adaptability of the performers before a sudden disaster; exercise the will of the performers, learn and deepen the knowledge of fire protection through personal experience, master the use of fire-fighting tools and escape tools, and improve fire prevention awareness , initial fire-fighting skills, self-rescue ability, and mutual rescue ability; comprehensively improve high-rise fire escape skills, avoid casualty accidents, and reduce the impact and loss of fire.

Compared with conventional fire drills, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The drill site can quickly complete installation, disassembly, layout and transfer, avoiding the inconvenience of requisitioning community buildings and temporary migration of residents in conventional drills. (2) Equipped with a set of monitoring system, which can monitor and record the real drill process, so as to find wrong practices and conduct post-event judgment during the drill process. (3) Combined with this platform, a complete set of fire drill plan is customized, which can train the entire escape process, and can also train a certain link of fire escape.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an example diagram of the layout of the practice site of the present invention.

Figure 2 is the overall block diagram of the exercise platform control system.

Specific implementation method

The implementation method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In Figure 1, 1, 2-rooms, 3-rooms (with exhibition panels inside), 4-corridors, 5-indicators, 6-stairs, 7-elevators, 8-windows, 9-high-rise escape equipment, 10-emergency lights , 11-room door, 12-fire extinguishing equipment.

Example 1: Single person escape experience and training

Individual escape training items and purposes: 1) Use of fire-fighting equipment such as fire extinguishers; 2) Use of high-rise escape aids; 3) On-the-spot adaptability at disaster sites; 4) Selection of fire escape routes.

If a brazier in the room where the player is located (1) is on fire (meaning the fire is small and can be extinguished), when the alarm sounds, if the player rushes out of the simulated room and takes out the fire extinguisher from the fire cabinet (10) in the middle of the simulated corridor, the fire extinguisher can be obtained Return to the room, use the fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire in the brazier, take out the positive score card at the bottom of the brazier, if the fire in the brazier is not extinguished, the score card at the bottom of the brazier will be burned and can not get. If you complete the above steps within the specified range, you can get an additional positive point card. (this training ends)

When the brazier in the room (1) (2) where the trainer is located is on fire at the same time (it means the fire is relatively large and cannot be extinguished). When the alarm sounds, if the driller starts to prepare escape equipment in the room, among them, towels, ropes, bed sheets, etc. can get positive score cards for every one they pick up; You will get a negative point card attached to it, and the performer can get a positive point card next to the water basin when he sees the water basin or pool and soaks the towel. Rushing out of the room, if the brazier in the corridor is on fire, if the performer covers his mouth and nose with a wet towel (you will get a positive score card, which will be recorded and reissued by the staff), if you bow your waist forward, you can see the fire on the ground. Pick up the positive point card, take it away, run to the fire cabinet (10), and take out the escape equipment correctly, you can get the positive point card; if you choose the wrong point card, run to the stairs (6), there is The staff randomly determines whether the brazier at the stairs (6) is lit. If the brazier is not lit (the corridor is closed) and the exerciser chooses the high-rise escape device to escape, he can get a negative score card attached to the escape device. Corridor surgery gets a positive score card; if the brazier is lit (representing that there are fireworks in the corridor and the corridor is blocked), the performer chooses corridor (6) to escape (gets a negative score card, which will be recorded and reissued by the staff), and the performer If you choose the descending device in the high-rise escape device or the flexible escape channel in the high-rise building, you can get the attached score card. If you use the descending device to slide down from the window to the ground or open the flexible escape channel in the high-rise building and slide down the window, you can get the score card outside the window. Positive score card. (Training ends)

According to the video results, the positive and negative score cards obtained by the drillers and the time spent during the drill, the staff evaluates the mastery of the escape skills of the drillers, corrects their mistakes during the drill, and gives certain awards to those who perform well. rewards. (Note: The positive and negative of the point card cannot be identified by the practitioner, but the staff can identify it.)

Example 2: High-rise group escape experience and training

Group escape training items and purposes: 1) Coordination ability of multiple people; 2) Individual command ability; 3) Mutual assistance ability before disaster.

Group escape experience and training requires some performers to play roles such as young adults, women, the elderly, children, and students.

1. Husband and wife fire escape training. When a high-rise fire occurs, if the fire is small, the man will cover his mouth with a towel and run to the fire hydrant in the corridor, take out the fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire, and the woman can assist in the work by moving some flammable materials away from the fire source area. If the fire is large, escape immediately. In order to prevent flame burns, if the conditions are convenient, the husband and wife wet their clothes or put on a wet sheet, and cover their mouth and nose with a wet towel or clothes to prevent the smoke from entering the lungs. After preparing for escape, they bow their waists to evacuate The passageway (along the walkways and stairs) quickly escapes downstairs. If the door or stairs are blocked, choose to move to the escape tool on the balcony. After arriving, install the escape equipment (such as some escape auxiliary equipment: escape rope, escape ladder, escape bag, etc.), and the man helps the woman escape before escaping.

2. Husband and wife take the old and young to escape training. When there is a fire and you need to escape, you must first make preparations. Because the elderly and children are poor in physical fitness, first protect the elderly and children, cover their mouth and nose with a wet towel, soak their clothes or put a soaked quilt on them. On the body, the husband supports the old man, the wife holds the child, and they move quickly to the escape passage together. After arriving, the husband checks the reliability of the escape equipment, installs the equipment, and then helps the elderly, the child, and the wife use the escape equipment to escape in turn. fire scene.

3. Class escape training. During training, when a student finds a fire, he should call everyone and press the alarm. Class cadres or experienced students should stand up immediately, direct and help everyone escape, and avoid crowding and stampede in emergency situations. Since the female students are physically weaker than the male students, the boys can assist them in escaping. The class leader led the class cadres to clean up some obstacles, pull down the fire curtains to prevent the fire from spreading, put out fires in some places that were impassable due to fire, and guide others. Students should evacuate correctly from the safe passage; if the fire is too large, guide everyone to use special escape equipment (such as some escape aids: escape rope, escape ladder, escape bag, etc.) to escape. Escape in an orderly manner to avoid scrambling.

The group escape experience and training process are monitored by cameras. After the drill is over, some staff will evaluate the entire training based on the video results, and reward the commanders who perform well and the drillers who know how to help each other. For those who only care about personal interests, Give corrections and education to the performers who caused trouble during the entire escape process.

Example 3: Single Display and Training

It allows the staff to correctly explain and demonstrate the escape methods of the fire scene and the use of fire-fighting equipment and escape devices, and the drillers can refer to them for practice. Drillers can also visit the exhibition board area to learn common fire fighting knowledge, escape equipment and the use of fire fighting equipment, and then carry out targeted exercises according to their own needs. Individual demonstrations and trainings are carried out inside the platform, and staff are involved in the whole process to guide and correct some mistakes made by the performers.

Claims (8)

1. a high-rise life saving rehearsal platform comprises rehearsal environmental simulation place, intelligence control system, high building emergency escape utility appliance.

2. high-rise life saving according to claim 1 rehearsal platform is characterized in that drilling the environmental simulation place and is formed by the battenboard composite assembly, but Fast Installation, dismounting, and transhipment is convenient.

3. high-rise life saving rehearsal platform according to claim 1; It is characterized in that drilling the place designs according to the high building floor structure; Be combined into aisle, stair, room etc. with battenboard; Be equipped with MP such as best-effort path direction board, flame snuffer, fire screen in the passage, establish life appliances such as table, chair in the room.

4. high-rise life saving rehearsal platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that being equipped with high-rise life saving equipment such as the flexible passway for escaping of high building, descending lifeline.

5. high-rise life saving according to claim 1 rehearsal platform is characterized in that control system is is core with PLC, is provided with temperature, smog and toxic gas signal detection module; Analog-to-digital conversion module, alarm module, driver module; Display modules etc. comprise relevant application circuit and holding circuit.Key position is equipped with the situation that camera can be monitored the rehearsal place in real time in rehearsal environmental simulation place.

6. high-rise life saving rehearsal platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with knowledge panel district at the specific location place of rehearsal platform, can supply to learn rehearsal person and learn knowledge such as fire-fighting and escape.

7. high-rise life saving rehearsal platform according to claim 6 is characterized in that providing the comprehensive fire-fighting drill scheme of a cover can carry out single training, many people training and individual event training.

8. high-rise life saving rehearsal platform according to claim 6 is characterized in that can passing judgment on rehearsal person's rehearsal result according to the integration situation for rehearsal has been equipped with a cover integrating system.

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