CN102800954B - Antenna unit, antenna module and multi-antenna module - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an antenna unit, comprising a dielectric substrate, a main vibrator used to connect with a feeder, and a director used to enhance radio waves on the side where the main vibrator and the director are attached to the dielectric substrate on the conductor wire. The present invention also relates to an antenna assembly, comprising a dielectric reflective surface for reflecting radio waves used by the antenna assembly and an antenna group located on one side of the dielectric reflective surface, the antenna group comprising at least one antenna unit as described above, In addition, the dielectric reflection surface and the director of each antenna unit are respectively located on both sides of the main oscillator of the corresponding antenna unit. The invention also relates to a multi-antenna assembly having a plurality of antenna groups as described above. The invention is designed according to the principle of the Yagi antenna, has good directivity, and has the advantages of wide frequency band, high gain and easy debugging.

Description

Antenna unit, antenna assembly and multi-antenna assembly

technical field

The invention relates to the field of wireless communication devices, more specifically, to an antenna unit, an antenna component and a multi-antenna component.

Background technique

Yagi antenna, also known as Yagi-Uda antenna, is usually in the shape of "King". The main vibrator (also known as active vibrator) is located in the middle of the word "Wang" and connected to the feeder. The reflector is located on one side of the main vibrator, which weakens the electromagnetic wave on this side, and is slightly longer than the main vibrator; the director is located on the other side of the main vibrator, slightly shorter than the main vibrator, and is used to enhance the electromagnetic wave on this side.

The advantage of the Yagi antenna is that it has good directivity, and the effect of direction finding and long-distance communication is very good. However, the existing Yagi antennas are all made of metal rods, which are bulky and take up space, and are mainly used outdoors. How to apply the advantages of Yagi antennas to small antennas for wireless coverage such as ceiling antennas and wireless router antennas is the problem to be solved by the present invention.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a miniaturized antenna unit, antenna assembly and multi-antenna assembly based on the Yagi antenna principle.

An antenna unit, including a dielectric substrate, a main vibrator used to connect with a feeder, and a director used to enhance radio waves on the side where the main vibrator and the director are both conductors attached to the dielectric substrate Wire.

In the antenna unit of the present invention, the conductor wire is a metal wire.

In the antenna unit of the present invention, there are multiple directors, forming a set of conductor lines parallel to each other.

In the antenna unit of the present invention, the centers of the multiple directors are on the same straight line and the straight line is perpendicular to the directors.

In the antenna unit of the present invention, the main dipole includes two colinear conductor lines, which are respectively parallel to the conductor lines of the director.

In the antenna unit of the present invention, the total length of the main dipole is greater than the length of each director.

The present invention also relates to an antenna assembly, comprising a dielectric reflective surface for reflecting radio waves used by the antenna assembly and an antenna group located on one side of the dielectric reflective surface, the antenna group comprising at least one antenna unit as described above, In addition, the dielectric reflection surface and the director of each antenna unit are respectively located on both sides of the main oscillator of the corresponding antenna unit.

In the antenna assembly of the present invention, the antenna group includes three identical antenna units, the dielectric substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the dielectric reflection surface, and the three antenna units are 120 degrees apart from each other , using the same straight line as the extended intersection line, and the distances to the extended intersection line are set equally.

In the antenna assembly according to the present invention, the antenna group includes three identical antenna units, the dielectric substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the dielectric reflection surface, the three antenna units are 60 degrees to each other, and the three The dielectric substrates of the antenna units are extended along the respective surface directions and intersect to form a regular triangle.

The present invention also relates to a multi-antenna assembly, comprising a medium reflection surface and at least two antenna groups installed on the medium surface, the radio wave frequencies used by the at least two antenna groups are different, each of the antennas The group includes at least one of the above-mentioned units, and the dielectric reflection surface and the director of each antenna unit are respectively located on both sides of the main oscillator of the corresponding antenna unit.

In the multi-antenna assembly according to the present invention, the multi-antenna assembly includes two antenna groups, namely the first antenna group and the second antenna group, and the size of the main oscillator of the former antenna unit is larger than that of the latter antenna unit Main vibrator size.

In the multi-antenna assembly according to the present invention, the first antenna group and the second antenna group respectively include three identical antenna units, the dielectric substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the dielectric reflection surface, and the The three antenna units of the first antenna group are 120 degrees to each other, the same straight line is used as the extended intersection line, and the distances to the extended intersection line are all set equally, and the three antenna units of the second antenna group are mutually formed. 60 degrees, and the dielectric substrates of the three antenna units are extended along the surface direction and intersect to form an equilateral triangle.

In the multi-antenna assembly of the present invention, the three antenna units of the second antenna group are sequentially located in three adjacent intervals of the three antenna units of the first antenna group.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the antenna unit, antenna assembly, and multi-antenna assembly designed according to the Yagi antenna principle have good directivity, and have the advantages of wide frequency band, high gain, and easy debugging.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of antenna unit of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly having the antenna unit shown in FIG. 1;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-antenna assembly with at least two antenna groups;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the multi-antenna assembly shown in FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the antenna elements of the first antenna group of the multi-antenna assembly shown in Fig. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the antenna elements of the second antenna group of the multi-antenna assembly shown in FIG. 3;

Fig. 7 is a low frequency VSWR simulation diagram of the multi-antenna assembly shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;

FIG. 8 is a pattern of the above-mentioned multi-antenna assembly when the frequency is 2.45 GHz;

Fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of the high-frequency voltage standing wave ratio of the multi-antenna assembly shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;

FIG. 10 is a directivity diagram of the above-mentioned multi-antenna assembly at a frequency of 5.72 GHz.

Detailed ways

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments depicted in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna unit 4 of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate 40 and a main vibrator and a director attached to the dielectric substrate 40 . The dielectric substrate 40 is made of FR4, F4b material, or other substrate materials used in existing antennas.

The main vibrator is used to connect with the feeder line, including two conductor lines, respectively the first conductor line 48 and the second conductor line 49, wherein the first conductor line 48 is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line feeder line, and the second conductor line 49 It is electrically connected to the core wire of the coaxial line feeder. Obviously, the positions of the first conductor wire 48 and the second conductor wire 49 can be interchanged.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the first conductor line 48 and the second conductor line 49 are on the same straight line, and there is a certain distance between them.

There may be only one director, or there may be multiple directors, all of which are conductor lines attached to the surface of the dielectric substrate 40 . When there are multiple directors, the conductor lines of each director are parallel to each other and are all located on the same side of the main oscillator to enhance the electromagnetic wave intensity on the side of the main oscillator. The specific structure is shown in Figure 1 Show. The third conductor wire 45, the fourth conductor wire 46, and the fifth conductor wire 47 in FIG. 48. The second conductor lines 49 are parallel. The lengths of the three directors may be the same or different. In order to better guide the electromagnetic wave, the lengths are preferably equal. In addition, the number of directors may be three, or two or even one, or more than three. Generally, when there are more than five directors, the influence on the electromagnetic field will not change much. In order to save space and materials, it is preferable to have three directors.

Preferably, the three central points of the third, fourth and fifth conductor lines 45 , 46 , and 47 are on a straight line, and the straight line is perpendicular to any one of the three conductor lines. At the same time, the straight line where the main vibrator is located is parallel to any of the above-mentioned conductor lines and the total length is longer than any of the above-mentioned conductor lines. Preferably, the center of the main vibrator is on the same straight line as the three center points of the above-mentioned first, second, and third conductor lines. .

The above-mentioned first to fifth conductor wires are all made of conductive materials, preferably metal wires, such as copper, aluminum and the like.

The antenna unit with this structure can form a structure similar to a Yagi antenna after installing a reflector on the other side of the main oscillator. Yagi antenna, also known as Yagi-Uda antenna, is usually in the shape of "King". The main vibrator (also known as active vibrator) is located in the middle of the word "Wang" and connected to the feeder. The reflector is located on one side of the main vibrator, which weakens the electromagnetic wave on this side, and is slightly longer than the main vibrator; the director is located on the other side of the main vibrator, slightly shorter than the main vibrator, and is used to enhance the electromagnetic wave on this side.

The advantage of the Yagi antenna is that it has good directivity, and the effect of direction finding and long-distance communication is very good. However, the existing Yagi antennas are all made of metal rods, which are bulky and take up space, and are mainly used outdoors. How to apply the advantages of Yagi antennas to small antennas for wireless coverage such as ceiling antennas and wireless router antennas is the problem to be solved by the present invention.

Therefore, the present invention also protects an antenna assembly, as shown in FIG. 2 , comprising a dielectric reflection surface 1 and the aforementioned antenna unit 4 installed on the dielectric reflection surface 1 . When there are multiple antenna units 4 and the operating frequencies of these antenna units 4 are at the same frequency or the same frequency band, they form an antenna group.

The dielectric reflection surface 1 is used to reflect radio waves used by any antenna unit 4 , and the radio waves used refer to electromagnetic waves generated by each antenna unit or received by each antenna unit. In some embodiments, the reflective medium surface 1 can be made of copper or other conductive materials, and can be a non-planar surface. It can be understood that the reflective medium surface 1 may have discontinuous points, such as a medium surface processed into a mesh structure or opened with holes to realize the function of reflecting radio waves, wherein the size of the mesh structure or holes is smaller than that of the multi-antenna One-tenth of the wavelength of radio waves used by components.

The directors on the dielectric reflection surface 1 and each antenna unit 4 are respectively located on both sides of the main oscillator of the antenna unit 4, forming a miniaturized Yagi antenna as a whole, wherein the dielectric reflection surface 1 is the above-mentioned reflector, and the main oscillator The first conductor wire 48 and the second conductor wire 49 constitute the above-mentioned active vibrator, and the third, fourth and fifth conductor wires constitute three directors. Since the main vibrator and the director of the present invention are in the form of conductor wires instead of metal tubes, the volume is greatly reduced and the structure is more compact, and the antenna also continues the good directivity of the Yagi antenna. At the same time, multiple antenna units 4 share one dielectric reflection surface 1, which can also greatly save space and reduce the volume of the antenna.

When there are multiple antenna units 4, they are preferably arranged according to a certain rule. There are three antenna units 4 shown in FIG. 2 , and the three antenna units 4 are identical, that is, have the same substrate material and substrate size, and the material, size, and location of the main vibrator and director are also identical. Then the working frequencies of these three antenna units 4 are also basically the same, forming an antenna group for sending and receiving radio waves of the working frequency.

Three identical antenna units 4 are arranged in Fig. 2, and the dielectric substrate 40 of each antenna unit 4 is vertically installed on the quality reflective surface 1, and the three antenna units are mutually 60 degrees, and the dielectric substrate 40 of the three antenna units 4 Extend along the respective surface directions and intersect to form an equilateral triangle.

The three antenna units 4 can also be arranged in another way, that is, the dielectric substrate 40 of each antenna unit 4 is also vertically installed on the dielectric reflection surface 1, and the three antenna units 4 are mutually 120 degrees, with the same The straight line is the extended intersection line of any two dielectric substrate surfaces, and the distances from the three antenna units 4 to the extended intersection line are equal.

Of course, the antenna assembly of the present invention does not necessarily have only three antenna elements, and may have only one, two or more than three. The antenna units are not necessarily arranged in the above-mentioned manner of equally dividing the angles, and may also be arranged in an array or in a random manner.

When there are multiple antenna units 4 on the dielectric reflection surface 1 (multiple in this article refer to two or more), and the operating frequencies of the multiple antenna units 4 are not exactly the same, or the antenna units 4 are not completely When they are the same so that their working frequencies are different, they will be divided into different antenna groups according to different working frequencies. The whole composed of a plurality of antenna groups on the dielectric reflection surface 1 is called a multi-antenna assembly.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the multi-antenna assembly in this embodiment has two antenna groups, each antenna group includes three identical antenna units, and the antenna unit with a large size is referred to as the first antenna unit 2 hereinafter. , the antenna group formed by three identical first antenna units 2 is referred to as the first antenna group. An antenna unit with a small size is called a second antenna unit 3, and an antenna group composed of three identical second antenna units 3 is called a second antenna group. Since the size of the first antenna unit 2 is larger than that of the second antenna unit 3 , the working frequency of the antenna formed by the first antenna unit 2 and the dielectric reflection surface 1 is lower than that of the antenna formed by the second antenna unit and the dielectric reflection surface 1 . Therefore, the multi-antenna assembly of this embodiment belongs to a dual-band antenna. Of course, the main factor affecting the working frequency here is the size of the main oscillator. Therefore, even if the dimensions of the dielectric substrates of the first antenna unit 2 and the second antenna unit 3 are the same, as long as the size of the main oscillator of the first antenna unit 2 is larger than that of the second If the main oscillator of the antenna unit 3 is used, the working frequency of the former is generally lower than that of the latter.

The dielectric substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the dielectric reflection surface 1 and installed so that the director of the antenna unit and the dielectric reflection surface 1 are located on both sides of the main oscillator of the antenna unit.

As shown in Figure 4, the three first antenna units 2 are 120 degrees to each other, and the same straight line is the extended intersection line of the three dielectric substrate surfaces, and the distances from the three first antenna units 2 to the extended intersection line are equal. equal. It can also be understood that, from the top view shown in FIG. 4 , the three first antenna units 2 take the same point as the center of rotation, and any first antenna unit 2 rotates 120 degrees around the center of rotation to connect with another first antenna unit 2. Unit 2 coincides.

The three second antenna units 3 are arranged in the manner shown in FIG. 2 , that is, two pairs of each other are 60 degrees apart, and the dielectric substrates of the three second antenna units 3 extend along the surface direction and intersect to form an equilateral triangle. And as shown in FIG. 4, a second antenna unit 3 is arranged between every two first antenna units 2, and the two first antenna units 2 are symmetrically located on both sides of the second antenna unit 3, so that three The first antenna unit 2 is located in three adjacent intervals of the three second antenna units 3 in sequence.

In order to verify the effect of the antenna assembly and multi-antenna assembly of the present invention, a specific embodiment is given as an example. The dimensions of the first antenna unit 2 and the second antenna unit 3 are shown in Figures 5 and 6, wherein the dimensions of the first antenna unit 2 The dielectric substrate 20 is 95.2mm long and 52.6mm wide, the first conductor line 28 and the second conductor line 29 are both 22.8mm long and 1.5mm wide, the third conductor line 25, the fourth conductor line 26, and the fifth conductor line 27 are all long 40mm, 1.5mm wide. The dielectric substrate 20 of the first antenna unit 2 and the second antenna unit 3 has a length of 55 mm and a width of 25 mm. The first conductor line 38 and the second conductor line 39 are both 9 mm long and 0.7 mm wide. The third conductor line 35 and the fourth conductor line 36. The fifth conductor lines 37 are 17mm long and 0.7mm wide. The medium reflective surface 1 is copper foil with a diameter of 200mm. The simulation is performed with a multi-antenna assembly having the above-mentioned dimensions and arranged as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, as shown in Fig. 7 to Fig. 10 .

Among them, Fig. 7 shows the simulation diagram of the VSWR in the low frequency band. The coordinate parameters of the three points m1, m2 and m3 marked in Fig. 7 in the simulation diagram are:

name X(GHz) Y m1 2.4400 1.1582 m2 2.4000 1.2463 m3 2.4800 1.2319

The above table shows that the multi-antenna assembly has very good impedance matching in the frequency range of 2.4000-2.4800 GHz.

FIG. 8 is a directional diagram of the above-mentioned multi-antenna assembly in an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 2.45 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the radiation directivity at this frequency is very good, which can meet the requirements of wireless signal transmission and reception.

Among them, Fig. 9 shows a simulation diagram of the standing wave ratio in the high frequency band. The coordinate parameters of the two points m1 and m2 marked in Fig. 9 in the simulation diagram are:

name X(GHz) Y m1 5.7250 1.0607 m2 5.8500 1.1772

The above table shows that the multi-antenna assembly has very good impedance matching in the frequency range of 5.7250-5.8500 GHz.

FIG. 10 is a directional diagram of the above multi-antenna assembly in an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 5.725 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the radiation directivity at this frequency is very good, which can meet the requirements of wireless signal transmission and reception.

To sum up, the antenna unit, antenna assembly, and multi-antenna assembly designed according to the Yagi antenna principle have good directivity, and the working frequency bands are 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz. High, easy to debug the advantages. Obviously, when the multi-antenna component of the present invention has three or more antenna groups, a multi-frequency antenna can be obtained, which also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

In addition, it should be noted that the antenna group in this embodiment is directly installed on the dielectric reflection surface, so the dielectric reflection surface is equivalent to the installation base. Apparently, the antenna group can be relatively fixed by other installation structures first, and then connected to the dielectric reflection surface, or even not connected. The dielectric reflection surface is only used to reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted and received by the antenna unit of the antenna group, and does not necessarily play a role in installation. Therefore, as long as the dielectric reflective surface is located on one side of the antenna unit, the antenna assembly and the multi-antenna assembly of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. an antenna module, it is characterized in that, comprise the dieletric reflection face for reflecting the radio wave that described antenna module uses and the antenna sets being positioned at side, described dieletric reflection face, described antenna sets comprises three identical antenna elements, described antenna element comprises medium substrate, be used for the main element be connected with feeder line, be used for strengthening the director of radio wave of side, place, described main element and director are the conductor lines be attached on described medium substrate, and described dieletric reflection face, the director of each described antenna element lays respectively at the main element both sides of corresponding antenna element, the medium substrate of each described antenna element is perpendicular to described dieletric reflection face, and the surface being formed with main element of three described antenna elements is mutually 120 degree, with same straight line for extending intersecting lens, and all equally arrange to the distance of described prolongation intersecting lens.

2. a multi-antenna component, it is characterized in that, the first antenna sets comprising dieletric reflection face and be arranged on described dielectric surface and the second antenna sets, described first antenna sets is not identical with the radio wave frequency that the second antenna sets uses, described first antenna sets and the second antenna sets comprise three identical antenna elements respectively, described antenna element comprises medium substrate, be used for the main element be connected with feeder line, be used for strengthening the director of radio wave of side, place, described main element and director are the conductor lines be attached on described medium substrate, the main element size of the antenna element of the first antenna sets is greater than the main element size of the antenna element of the second antenna sets, and described dieletric reflection face, the director of each described antenna element lays respectively at the main element both sides of corresponding antenna element, the medium substrate of each described antenna element is perpendicular to described dieletric reflection face, and the surface being formed with main element of three antenna elements of described first antenna sets is mutually 120 degree, with same straight line for extending intersecting lens, and all equally arrange to the distance of described prolongation intersecting lens, the surface being formed with main element of three antenna elements of described second antenna sets is mutually 60 degree, and the medium substrate of three antenna elements is arranged after surface direction extends with intersecting formation equilateral triangle.

3. multi-antenna component according to claim 2, is characterized in that, three antenna elements of described second antenna sets are arranged in three adjacent spaces of three antenna elements of described first antenna sets successively.