CN102800937B - A kind of antenna and there is the mimo antenna of this antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna, which includes: a feeder, a first metal sheet, and a second metal sheet; the feeder feeds into the first metal sheet through a coupling manner, and the second metal sheet is arranged opposite to the first metal sheet and is electrically connected to the feeder; A microgroove structure is hollowed out on the first metal sheet to form metal traces on the first metal sheet, and one or more reserved spaces for embedding electronic components are arranged on the antenna. The present invention increases the radiation area of the feeder by adding a second metal sheet on the opposite side of the feeder, and makes the antenna smaller in size and better in performance when the antenna works at low frequencies; at the same time, the present invention also embeds multiple electronic components on the antenna as required , it is convenient to adjust the performance of the antenna and the frequency band of the required response. At the same time, the invention also discloses a MIMO antenna with the antenna, and the MIMO antenna has high isolation.

Description

Antenna and MIMO antenna having the antenna

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to an antenna for wireless communication and a MIMO antenna with the antenna.

Background technique

With the high development of semiconductor technology, higher and higher requirements are put forward for the integration of today's electronic systems, and the miniaturization of devices has become a technical issue of great concern to the entire industry. However, unlike the development of IC chips following "Moore's Law", radio frequency modules, another important component of electronic systems, face the difficult technical challenge of device miniaturization. The radio frequency module mainly includes main components such as frequency mixing, power amplifier, filter, radio frequency signal transmission, matching network and antenna. Among them, the antenna is the radiating unit and receiving device of the final radio frequency signal, and its working characteristics will directly affect the working performance of the entire electronic system. However, important indicators such as antenna size, bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency are limited by basic physical principles (gain limit, bandwidth limit, etc. at a fixed size). The basic principles of these index limits make the miniaturization of antennas far more difficult than other devices, and due to the complexity of electromagnetic field analysis of radio frequency devices, approaching these limit values has become a huge technical challenge.

At the same time, with the complexity of modern electronic systems, the demand for multi-mode services is becoming more and more important in systems such as wireless communication, wireless access, satellite communication, and wireless data networks. The demand for multi-mode services further increases the complexity of multi-mode design for miniaturized antennas. In addition to the technical challenge of miniaturization, the multi-mode impedance matching of the antenna has also become the bottleneck of the antenna technology. On the other hand, the rapid development of multiple-input multiple-output systems (MIMO) in the field of wireless communication and wireless data services further requires the miniaturization of antenna size while ensuring good isolation, radiation performance and anti-interference ability. However, traditional terminal communication antennas are mainly designed based on the radiation principle of electric monopole or dipole, such as the most commonly used planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). The radiation operating frequency of a traditional antenna is directly related to the size of the antenna, and the bandwidth is directly related to the area of the antenna, so that the design of the antenna usually requires a physical length of half a wavelength. In some more complex electronic systems, the antenna needs to work in multiple modes, and an additional impedance matching network design is required before feeding into the antenna. However, the impedance matching network additionally increases the feeder design of the electronic system and increases the area of the radio frequency system. At the same time, the matching network also introduces a lot of energy loss, which is difficult to meet the system design requirements of low power consumption. Therefore, the miniaturized and multi-mode new antenna technology has become an important technical bottleneck of contemporary electronic integrated systems.

Fig. 1 is a metamaterial radio frequency small antenna designed in the prior art, and the specific content refers to the patent application with publication number CN201490337. The design of this antenna breaks through the framework of traditional antenna design, which not only ensures the miniaturization and multi-mode of the antenna, but also saves the complicated design of the impedance matching network.

However, the above-mentioned antenna will encounter the problems of universality and large feeder loss during low-frequency operation.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose an antenna capable of adjusting the electromagnetic parameters of the antenna and still achieve good performance at low frequencies, and a MIMO antenna with the antenna, in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to propose an antenna, which includes a feeder, a first metal sheet, and a second metal sheet; the feeder feeds into the first metal sheet through coupling, and the second The metal sheet is arranged opposite to the first metal sheet and electrically connected to the feeder; the first metal sheet is hollowed out with a micro-groove structure to form metal traces on the first metal sheet, and the antenna is provided with a or multiple reserved spaces for electronic components to be embedded.

Further, the microgroove structure includes a complementary split resonant ring structure, a complementary helical wire structure, a split helical ring structure, a double split helical ring structure, a complementary meander line structure, and derivatives, composites, combinations or The microgroove structure obtained by arraying.

Further, the reserved space is set on the feeder line and/or the micro-groove structure, and/or the reserved space is set between the feeder line and the metal traces adjacent to the feeder line and The metal trace connecting the feeder line and the adjacent first feeder line, and/or the reserved space is arranged on the metal trace formed by adjacent grooves of the microgroove structure and connected to the adjacent grooves.

Further, the electronic components are inductive electronic components, capacitive electronic components or resistors.

Further, the inductance value of the inductive electronic component ranges from 0 to 5uH.

Further, the capacitance value of the capacitive electronic element ranges from 0 to 2pF.

Further, the micro-groove structure is hollowed out on the first metal sheet by etching, drilling, or ion etching.

Further, the antenna further includes a medium filled between the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet.

Further, the second metal sheet is electrically connected to the first feeder or the second feeder through a metallized through hole formed on the medium.

The present invention also provides a MIMO antenna, which includes a plurality of antennas as claimed in claim 1, each feeder of the plurality of antennas is respectively connected to a receiver/transmitter, and all the receivers/transmitters are connected to baseband signal processor.

The present invention increases the radiation area of the feeder by adding a second metal sheet on the opposite side of the feeder, and makes the antenna smaller in size and better in performance when the antenna works at low frequencies; at the same time, the present invention also embeds multiple electronic components on the antenna as required , it is convenient to adjust the performance of the antenna and the frequency band of the required response. At the same time, the invention also discloses a MIMO antenna with the antenna, and the MIMO antenna has high isolation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a front view of the first preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a front view of a second preferred embodiment of an antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a front view of a third preferred embodiment of an antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a front view of a fourth preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a front view of a fifth preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention;

Figure 7a is a schematic diagram of a complementary split resonant ring structure;

Figure 7b shows a schematic diagram of a complementary helix structure;

Figure 7c shows a schematic diagram of an open helical ring structure;

Figure 7d shows a schematic diagram of a double-opened helical ring structure;

Figure 7e is a schematic diagram of a complementary bend line structure;

Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of the geometric shape derivation of the complementary split resonator structure shown in Fig. 7a;

Fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of the extended derivation of the complementary split resonant ring structure shown in Fig. 7a;

Fig. 9a is a composite structural schematic diagram of three complementary split resonant ring structures shown in Fig. 7a;

Fig. 9b is a composite schematic diagram of two complementary split resonant ring structures shown in Fig. 7a and the complementary helical wire structure shown in Fig. 7b;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of four complementary split resonator ring structures shown in FIG. 7a after they are arrayed.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:

Metamaterials are composed of artificial metal microstructures with a certain pattern shape arranged periodically on a substrate in a specific way. The different pattern shapes and arrangements of the artificial metal microstructures make the metamaterials have different dielectric constants and different magnetic permeability, so that the metamaterials have different electromagnetic responses. Wherein, when the artificial metal microstructure is in the resonant frequency band, the artificial metal microstructure will exhibit a high degree of dispersion characteristics. The so-called high dispersion characteristics refer to the impedance, capacitive inductance, and equivalent dielectric constant of the artificial metal microstructure. And the magnetic permeability will change drastically with the frequency.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna of the present invention includes a feeder 1 , a first metal sheet 2 , and a second metal sheet 3 , and a microgroove structure 100 is engraved on the first metal sheet 2 . The microgroove structure 100 is a complementary split resonator ring structure shown in FIG. 7a, a complementary helix structure shown in FIG. 7b, a split helix ring structure shown in FIG. 7c, a double split helix ring structure shown in FIG. 7d, One of the complementary bending line structures shown in Figure 7e is a microgroove structure derived, compounded or arrayed from the previous structures. There are two types of derivation, one is geometric shape derivation, and the other is extended derivation. The geometric shape derivation here refers to the derivation of structures with similar functions but different shapes, such as deriving from a box-like structure to a curve-like structure, triangle class structure and other different polygonal class structures; the extended derivation here is to open a new groove on the basis of Fig. 7a to Fig. 7e to form a new micro-groove structure; the complementary split resonator ring structure shown in Fig. 7a is For example, FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of its geometric shape derivation, and FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of its geometric shape derivation. Recombination here means that multiple microgroove structures in Figure 7a to Figure 7e are superimposed to form a new microgroove structure, as shown in Figure 9a, which is the composite of three complementary split resonator ring structures shown in Figure 7a Schematic diagram of the structure; as shown in FIG. 9b, it is a schematic structural diagram of two complementary split ring structures shown in FIG. 7a and the complementary helical wire structure shown in FIG. 7b. The array here refers to a plurality of micro-groove structures shown in Figure 7a to Figure 7e arrayed on the same metal sheet to form an integral micro-groove structure, as shown in Figure 10, which is a plurality of complementary micro-groove structures as shown in Figure 7a Schematic diagram of the structure of the type split resonator ring structure after arraying. The present invention will be described below by taking the split helical ring structure shown in FIG. 7c as an example. The micro-groove structure 100 also allows a plurality of metal traces to be formed on the first metal sheet 2 .

The feeder 1 is partly set around the micro-groove structure 100 and couples and feeds the micro-groove structure 100. The way that the feeder 1 couples and feeds the micro-groove structure 100 can be an inductive coupling feeder that connects the feeder 1 and the micro-groove structure 100 through a short-circuit point. The electrical method may also be a capacitive coupling feeding method in which the feeder 1 and the microgroove structure 100 are not connected but relatively form a coupling capacitance.

The way to form the microgroove structure 100 on the first metal sheet 2 can be processes such as etching, drilling, photolithography, electron etching, ion etching, etc., wherein etching is a preferred process, and its main step is to design a suitable microgroove structure. Finally, the etching equipment is used to remove the foil portion of the predetermined micro-groove structure by using the chemical reaction between the solvent and the metal to obtain the first metal sheet 2 formed with the above-mentioned micro-groove structure 100 . The material of the above-mentioned metal foil can be copper, silver and other metals.

The first metal sheet 2 and the second metal sheet 3 are arranged opposite to each other, and there is a medium between them. The medium can be high molecular polymer, ceramic material, etc., or can be air. When the medium is air, the feeder 1 and the second metal sheet 3 are electrically connected by wires; when the medium is a polymer or ceramic material, the feeder 1 and the second metal sheet 3 are connected to each other by forming a metallized through hole on the medium electrical connection. In the present invention, polytetrafluoroethylene (FR-4) is used as the medium, and the second metal sheet 3 and the feeder 1 are electrically connected through the metallized through hole 4 .

The setting of the second metal sheet 3 can effectively solve the problem that when the existing patented antenna works at low frequency, the corresponding wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the low frequency band is longer. According to the antenna design principle, the electric radiation length of the antenna feeder will increase so that the length of the feeder becomes longer. It is not conducive to the overall miniaturization of the antenna and the longer feeder leads to the increase of the feeder loss, thereby degrading the performance of the antenna. The principle for solving the problem is: the second metal sheet 3 is capacitively coupled with the first metal sheet 2 , and the microgroove structure 100 formed on the first metal sheet 2 is coupled and fed. The coupling and feeding of the microgroove structure 100 formed on the first metal sheet 2 by the second metal sheet 3 effectively reduces the requirement of the feeding line 1 for coupling and feeding the microgroove structure 100 formed on the first metal sheet 2 . Therefore, when the antenna works in the low frequency band, there is no need to increase the length of the feeder 1, and the coupling and feeding area of the second metal sheet 3 is easy to adjust. For different working frequency bands, it is only necessary to simply adjust the coupling and feeding area of the second metal sheet 3.

A reserved space for embedding electronic components can be preset on the feeder 1 , the micro-groove structure 100 , and multiple metal wirings. The above-mentioned electronic components are generally inductive electronic components, capacitive electronic components or resistors, and of course a combination thereof may also be possible. In the present invention, the reserved space is in the form of a pad, and the reserved space is electrically connected through a wire when the reserved space is not utilized. When the reserved space is utilized, due to various implementation methods, different The implementation of the method will correspond to different changing effects, but the whole is to change the electromagnetic parameters of the antenna as a whole by embedding different electronic components to make it have better performance and match different frequency bands, and it is easy to adjust. Five preferred implementation modes of embedding different electronic components in different parts of the antenna will be discussed in detail below.

As shown in Figure 2, Figure 2 is a front view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, in Figure 2, the feeder 1 is preset with a reserved space 21 and a reserved space 22 for embedding inductive electronic components and/or resistors , the preset position to embed the electronic component space may be any position on the feeder 1 , and there may be one or more, in this embodiment, there are two. The inductive electronic components embedded in the reserved space 21 and the reserved space 22 can change the inductance value on the feeder 1 . Use the formula: It can be seen that the inductance value is inversely proportional to the square of the operating frequency, so when the required operating frequency is a lower operating frequency, it can be realized by changing the inductance value of the embedded inductance or inductive electronic components. In this embodiment, the inductance value of the embedded inductive electronic element ranges from 0 to 5uH. If the inductance value of the embedded inductive electronic element is too large, the alternating signal will be consumed by the inductive element and affect the radiation efficiency of the antenna. This kind of antenna has good radiation characteristics in multiple frequency bands. The five main radiation frequencies are distributed from 900MHz to 5.5GHz, covering almost GSM, CDMA, Bluetooth, W-Lan (IEEE802.11 protocol), GPS, TD-LTE, etc. Each main communication frequency has a very high degree of integration and the purpose of changing the operating frequency of the antenna can be achieved by adjusting the inductance value on the feeder. Of course, two resistors can also be embedded in the reserved space 21 and the reserved space 22 to improve the radiation resistance of the antenna. Conceivably, the reserved space 21 and the reserved space 22 may also be embedded with a resistor and an inductive electronic component respectively, which not only realizes the adjustment of the working frequency, but also improves the radiation resistance of the antenna. At the same time, only one of the reserved space 21 and the reserved space 22 can be filled with electronic components, and the other space is short-circuited by wires.

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 3 is a front view of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, in Figure 3, between the feeder 1 and the metal trace 201 of the adjacent feeder 1, there is a pre-set embedded capacitive electronic component The reserved space 31 , the preset position to embed the electronic component space may be any position between the feeder 1 and the metal trace 201 of the adjacent feeder 1 . The reserved space 31 in Fig. 3 is the space for embedding capacitive electronic components in the present embodiment, and a certain coupling capacitance is formed between the feeder 1 and the first metal sheet 2, and the feeder 1 and the first metal sheet 2 are adjusted here by embedding the capacitive electronic components. Signal coupling between a metal sheet 2, using the formula: , it can be seen that the capacitance value is inversely proportional to the square of the operating frequency, so when the required operating frequency is a lower operating frequency, it can be realized by changing the capacitance value of the embedded capacitor or inductive electronic components. In this embodiment, the capacitance value of the added capacitive electronic components is usually in the range of 0 to 2pF, but the embedded capacitance may also exceed the range of 0 to 2pF as the operating frequency of the antenna changes.

As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a front view of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, reserved spaces 41, 42 for embedding inductive electronic components and/or resistors are reserved on the microgroove structure 100, The space for embedding electronic components is not limited to the reserved space 41 and the reserved space 42 shown in the figure, and other positions are acceptable as long as the conditions are met. The purpose of embedding inductive electronic components here is to increase the inductance value of the resonant structure inside the micro-groove structure, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency and operating bandwidth of the antenna; the same as the first preferred embodiment, the purpose of embedding resistors here is It is to improve the radiation resistance of the antenna. As for embedding inductive electronic components or resistors, it depends on the needs. In addition, wires are used to short-circuit in the space where electronic components are not embedded.

As shown in Figure 5, Figure 5 is a front view of the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention, in Figure 5, embedded capacitive electronic components are preset on the metal traces 202, 203 formed in the adjacent grooves of the microgroove structure 100 The reserved spaces 51, 52, the space for embedding electronic components is not only limited to the reserved spaces 51, 52 given in Fig. 6, other positions are acceptable as long as the conditions are met. Embedded capacitive electronic components can change the resonance performance of the microgroove structure, and ultimately improve the Q value and resonance operating point of the antenna. As common knowledge, we know that the relationship between the passband BW, the resonant frequency w0 and the quality factor Q is: BW=wo/Q. From this relational expression, it can be known that the passband is narrow if Q is large, and the passband is wide if Q is small. And Q=wL/R=1/wRC Among them: Q is the quality factor; w is the power frequency when the circuit resonates; L is the circuit inductance value; R is the circuit resistance value; C is the circuit capacitance value, by Q=wL/R =1/wRC formula shows that Q and C are inversely proportional, therefore, the Q value can be reduced by adding capacitive electronic components to widen the passband.

As shown in Figure 6, Figure 6 is a front view of the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention, in Figure 6, the antenna of the present invention is between the feeder 1, the micro-groove structure 100, the feeder 1 and the metal trace 201 of the adjacent feeder 1 Between the metal traces 202 formed by the adjacent grooves of the micro-groove structure 100, there are reserved spaces for embedding electronic components, that is, the reserved space 61 on the feeder 1 and the reserved space on the micro-groove structure 100 62 , 63 , the reserved space 64 between the feeder 1 and the metal trace 201 adjacent to the feeder 1 , and the reserved space 65 , 66 on the metal trace 202 , 203 formed by adjacent grooves of the microgroove structure 100 . Of course, the positions given in the embodiment are not exclusive. In this embodiment, electronic components are added to the above-mentioned space to adjust the performance of the antenna. The principle is similar to that of the first to fourth preferred embodiments.

The present invention also provides a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned antennas. A feeder 1 of each antenna in the MIMO antenna is connected to a transmitter/receiver, and all transmitters/receivers are connected to a baseband signal processor.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. an antenna, is characterized in that: described antenna comprises: feeder line, the first sheet metal, the second sheet metal; Described feeder line is by the first sheet metal described in coupled modes feed-in, and described second sheet metal is oppositely arranged with described first sheet metal and is electrically connected with described feeder line; On described first sheet metal, hollow out has micro groove structure to form metal routing on described first sheet metal, described second sheet metal, for the micro groove structure couple feed that the first sheet metal is formed, reduces the demand of described feeder line to the micro groove structure couple feed that the first sheet metal is formed; Described antenna is provided with the headspace that one or more electronic component embeds, described headspace is pad, described headspace is arranged on described feeder line and/or described micro groove structure, and/or described headspace to be arranged between described feeder line and the metal routing of adjacent described feeder line and to be connected the metal routing of described feeder line and adjacent described feeder line, and/or described headspace be arranged at described micro groove structure adjacent slot formed metal routing on and connect described adjacent slot, by wire, headspace is electrically connected in the unemployed situation of headspace.

2. antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described micro groove structure comprise complementary opening resonance loop structure, complementary helix structure, opening helical ring structure, two opening helical ring structure, complementary folding line structure and derived by several structure above, compound, combination or organize the micro groove structure that battle array obtains.

3. antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described electronic component is perceptual electronic component, capacitive electrical element or resistance.

4. antenna as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described perceptual electronic component inductance value range is 0 to 5uH.

5. antenna as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described capacitive electrical component capacitance value scope is 0 to 2pF.

6. antenna as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described micro groove structure is carved by etching, brill, ion carves hollow out in described first sheet metal.

7. antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described antenna also comprises the medium be filled between described first sheet metal and described second sheet metal.

8. antenna as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: described second sheet metal is electrically connected by the plated-through hole be formed on described medium with described feeder line.

9. a mimo antenna, is characterized in that: comprise multiple antenna as claimed in claim 1, and each feeder line of described multiple antenna accesses reception/transmitter separately, and whole described reception/transmitters is all connected to baseband signal processor.