CN102805007A - Seedling grafting machine and grafting method of seedling grafting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of planting machinery. The invention provides a grafting machine, which is composed of a working table, a cutting joint device and a seedling positioning device. The present invention also provides a grafting method using the above-mentioned grafting machine. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) Grafting mechanization is realized, and the problems of high labor intensity and low work efficiency in manual grafting are solved; 2) Using the grafting machine of the present invention, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are aligned accurately, and the cambium is at least One side is aligned, and the survival rate of grafting is high; 3) Use wax to fix the joint between the rootstock and the scion to avoid wound infection, and it will not affect the thickening of the seedlings, and there is no need to untie the binding rope after traditional grafting.

Description

A seedling grafting machine and grafting method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of planting machinery, and in particular relates to a seedling grafting machine and a grafting method thereof.

Background technique

The principle of grafting is to bring the cambiums of the rootstock and scion wounds close together and tighten them together. Through cell proliferation, the rootstock and scion heal each other and become a whole connected by vascular tissue. Grafting is one of the commonly used vegetative propagation methods in the plant production process, and is often used in the propagation of fruit trees, forest trees, and flowers. The advantage of grafting is that it can not only maintain the good characters of the scion species, but also utilize the favorable characteristics of the rootstock, and can also economically utilize the propagation material and increase the number of seedlings.

At present, grafting is mostly done manually. The shape of the cutter and the cutting force on the seedlings are greatly different, the labor intensity is high, and the work efficiency is low. Moreover, because the hands touch the seedlings, the incision is easily infected with bacteria. At the same time, the rough cutting surface causes Cell fusion is slow, resulting in low survival rate of grafting. With the rapid transfer of rural labor force in our country, the labor force used in planting industry is becoming increasingly scarce, which has seriously affected the scale and industrialization of planting industry. It is urgent to realize the mechanization of grafting. And the inventor has carried out the retrieval of domestic and international patent, periodical literature for grafting machine, does not see relevant report.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems of artificial grafting in agricultural production, such as high labor intensity, low operating efficiency, easy infection of bacteria in the grafting incision, slow cell fusion on the rough cutting surface, and low survival rate of grafting, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a seedling grafting machine.

The seedling grafting machine provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a workbench, a cutting joint device and two sets of seedling positioning devices. The cutting joint device is fixed in the middle of the workbench. on stage.

Wherein, the workbench can be made of nylon board and angle iron, or can be made of other suitable materials.

Wherein, the two sets of seedling positioning devices are composed of two sets of seedling fixing parts and two sets of seedling pushing parts, and each set of seedling positioning devices is composed of a set of seedling fixing parts and a set of seedling pushing parts.

Wherein, the two sets of seedling fixing parts can be any device that can realize the fixing of seedlings, preferably: consist of a fixed plate, a spring and a movable plate, the fixed plate is fixed on the workbench, the spring connects the fixed plate and the movable plate, and the movable plate The board can be flexibly fixed in the reserved sliding groove of the table through the sliding pin and the locking buckle on it. The stem side of the seedlings is placed against the fixed plate, the spring and the movable plate straddle the top of the seedlings, and the movable plate is fixed into the sliding groove on the table through sliding pins and locks, so that the seedlings of different diameters can be fixed on the workbench . The two sets of seedling positioning devices, at least one side of the stems of the rootstock and the scion positioned respectively by them are located on the same plane, so as to ensure that the cambiums on at least one side of the rootstock and the scion are aligned, and the seedlings of the two sets of seedling positioning devices can be set. The inner side of the fixing plate in the fixing part is located on the same plane, so as to realize the cambium alignment on at least one side of the rootstock and the scion.

Wherein, the seedling pushing part can be any device suitable for promoting seedlings, preferably: it is composed of a driving device and a pushing plate, and the driving device preferably pushes a cylinder, which is fixed on the connection between the cutting joint device and the seedling fixing part (the seedling fixing part One side) on the platform of the extension line, the push plate is arranged on the side of the push cylinder facing the seedling fixed parts. Put the root of the rootstock/scion against the seedling pushing part, and after the rootstock/scion is fixed by the seedling fixing part, the seedling pushing part pushes the rootstock/scion to slide along a straight line to the cutting joint device, so as to adapt to different lengths of rootstock/scion The scion goes to work.

Wherein, the cutting joint device is mainly composed of a cutting part and a joint part. The cutting part and the joint part are fixed on the swing motor and fixed on the workbench through the swing motor. The angle between the cutting part and the joint part is preferably 90°. °.

Wherein, the cutting part is composed of a cutting knife and its driving device. Wherein, the cutting knife can be of a suitable type according to the requirements of different plants, preferably a V-shaped cutting knife with double cutting edges and a hollow center. The driving device is preferably a cylinder.

Wherein, the joint part is any device suitable for fixing the joint between the rootstock and the scion cut surface, preferably a wax-coated part, consisting of a wax delivery pipe and a control valve. Paraffin apparatus. The control valve is preferably an air valve, and its switch is controlled by a control valve cylinder.

The seedling grafting machine provided by the present invention can also be provided with a support device: a cavity is provided on the workbench under the cutting joint device, and a support device is established in the cavity, which is composed of a support plate and its driving equipment. The driving device is preferably a cylinder. The support plate can move up and down under the drive of the driving equipment, and plays a supporting role when the cutting parts/bonding parts are cutting/joining, ensuring their stable operation.

The nursery stock grafting machine provided by the present invention can also be provided with a disinfection pool, which is fixed on the workbench on one side of the cutting joint device.

The present invention also provides a grafting method using the above-mentioned grafting machine, comprising the following steps:

1) Use two sets of seedling positioning devices to position the rootstock and scion respectively;

2) Use cutting parts for cutting operations;

3) The seedling pushing parts of two sets of seedling positioning devices are used to push the rootstock and the scion respectively to form the junction of the cut surfaces;

4) Use joint parts for joint work.

Among them, step 1) is preferably: the tip of the rootstock is fixed to the seedling fixing part facing the protruding side of the V-shaped cutter towards the cutting joint, and the root end of the scion is fixed to the other side towards the cutting joint. In the seedling fixing part, at least one side of the rootstock and the stem of the scion positioned by the two sets of seedling positioning devices are on the same plane, and then the parts are pushed by the seedlings on both sides, so that the tip of the rootstock and the root end of the scion are aligned to the cutting joint device ;

Among them, step 2) is preferably: the cutting part is located above the alignment position of the rootstock and the scion as the initial setting of the swing motor, the support device and the cutting part are opened, the support plate is moved upwards to support cutting, and the V-shaped cutter is driven downward at the same time Cut the tip end of the rootstock and the root end of the scion, and then move the V-shaped cutter and the support plate back to their original positions up and down to complete the cutting operation;

Wherein, step 3) is preferably: start the seedling pushing parts on both sides, and push the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion together to form the joint of the cut surfaces;

Among them, step 4) is preferably: open the support device, move the support plate upwards to support the waxing operation; rotate the swing motor, make the waxed part above the joint of the cut surface, and align the port of the wax delivery tube with the joint of the cut surface, Open the wax application control valve to let the wax liquid in the wax delivery pipe flow out and spread it evenly on the joints of the cut surfaces. The paraffin is cooled by the wax liquid to fix the joints of the cut surfaces. valve to complete the joint operation.

The grafting method using the above-mentioned grafting machine provided by the present invention also includes a method of disinfecting the cutting knife of the grafting machine, specifically: after a certain number of times of cutting, when the joint operation is performed, the swing motor rotates to apply wax At this time, due to the angle between the cutting part and the joint part, the cutting part naturally rotates to the top of the disinfection tank, and the driving device of the cutting part is turned on, and the cutter is driven downward to immerse in the disinfection tank. Disinfect in some disinfectants.

The grafting machine provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, precise alignment of incisions, and alignment of seedling cambium, and its beneficial effects are:

(1) The grafting machine provided by the present invention realizes the mechanization of grafting and solves the problems of high labor intensity and low operating efficiency in manual grafting.

(2) In the present invention, the stem side of the rootstock/scion is placed against the inner side of the fixed plate, the spring and the movable plate straddle the top of the seedling, and the movable plate is fixed into the sliding groove on the platform through the sliding pin and the lock, so as to realize the different Rootstocks/scions of different diameters are fixed on the workbench, allowing the grafting machine to adapt to rootstocks and scions of different diameters;

(3) At least one side of the stems of the rootstock and scion positioned by the two sets of seedling positioning devices is located on the same plane to ensure that the cambium on at least one side is aligned;

(4) The present invention adopts V-shaped cutting knife, can cut the root end of rootstock and scion simultaneously to the slight end of stock/scion, and the two cut surfaces on stock/scion are V-shaped/inverted V-shaped, and make the both of stock and scion The angles of the V-shaped and inverted V-shaped cutting surfaces are complementary, so that the cutting surfaces of the rootstock and the scion can be easily combined, and the area of the cutting surface is also increased, which is beneficial to the survival of grafted seedlings;

(5) Using the swing motor to fix the cutting part and the joining part can make the cutting part and the joining part form an integrated cutting and joining device, which is easy to control, saves the working space, and realizes the disinfection of the cutter while performing the joining operation , saving work time;

(6) The present invention uses wax to fix the junction of the rootstock and the scion, which can avoid wound infection more than the traditional rope binding, and the traditional rope binding will affect the thickening of the seedlings, so it needs to be fixed on the cut surface of the rootstock and the scion. After the fusion grows together, untie the bundled rope, and the way of waxing will not affect the thickening of the seedlings, omitting the subsequent work;

(7) According to the grafting requirements of different plants, different cutters can be replaced to improve the versatility of the grafting machine;

(8) There is a disinfection pool, which can regularly disinfect the cutter to avoid wound infection.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of seedling grafting machine of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the top view of the seedling grafting machine of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the front view of the movable plate of the seedling grafting machine of the present invention.

Fig. 4-1 is the front view of the V-shaped cutter of the seedling grafting machine of the present invention.

Fig. 4-2 is a top view of the V-shaped cutter of the seedling grafting machine of the present invention.

Among them, 1: workbench, 2: seedling fixed parts, 21: fixed plate, 22: spring, 23: movable plate, 231: chute, 232: sliding pin, 233: lock, 3: seedling pushing part, 31: Pushing cylinder, 311: Pushing cylinder fixing plate, 32: Pushing plate, 4: Cutting parts, 41: Cutter cylinder, 42: V-shaped cutter, 5: Waxing parts, 51: Waxing pipe, 52: Waxing gas Valve, 521: waxed cylinder, 5211: fixed frame of waxed cylinder, 6: swing motor, 61: right-angle bracket, 7: support device, 71: support plate, 72: support plate cylinder, 721: support plate cylinder bracket, 8 : disinfection pool.

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1 grafting machine

Design and manufacture grafting machine according to the present invention, structure as shown in Figure 1:

It consists of a workbench 1, a cutting joint device and two sets of seedling positioning devices, the cutting joint device is fixed in the middle of the workbench 1, and the two sets of seedling positioning devices are relatively fixed on the workbench 1 on both sides of the cutting joint device.

(1) Workbench 1: A workbench made of nylon board and angle iron.

(2) Seedling positioning device: it is composed of a seedling fixing part 2 and a seedling pushing part 3 .

Seedling fixed part 2 is made up of fixed plate 21, spring 22 and movable plate 23.

The fixed plate 21 is fixed on the workbench 1 .

The structure of movable plate 23 is as shown in Figure 3: offer two chute 231 on the workbench 1 of certain distance inside fixed plate 21, the bottom of movable plate 23 has two sliding pins 232 just inserting in two chute 231 , and can be fixed by the lock 233, so that the movable plate 23 can slide along the slide groove 231.

One end of the two springs 22 is fixed on the outside of the fixed plate 21, and the other end can be buckled on the two snap buttons 233 on the outside of the movable plate 23, so as to ensure the fixing of stock/scion of different diameters. The inboards of the fixing plates 21 of the two sets of seedling fixing parts 2 are arranged on the same plane to ensure that the cambium on at least one side of the rootstock and the scion is aligned.

At one end of the seedling stock fixing part 2 away from the cutting engagement device, a seedling stock pushing part 3 is provided, which is composed of a pushing cylinder 31 and a pushing plate 32 . Promoting cylinder 31 is fixed on the workbench 1 by two propelling cylinder fixed plates 311, and a propelling plate 32 is set at the front end of propelling cylinder 31, can promote stock/scion, carry out grafting to be suitable for stock/scion of different lengths.

(2) Cutting joint device: mainly composed of cutting part 4 and wax-coated part 5, both of which are fixed on the swing motor 6 at an angle of 90°, and the swing motor 6 is fixed on the worktable 1; the cutting joint device is also provided with supports Device 7 and disinfection pool 8.

One end of the right-angle bracket 61 of the swing motor 6 fixes the cutter cylinder 41 of the cutting unit 4 , and the lower end of the cutter cylinder 41 fixes a V-shaped cutter 42 . The structure of V-shaped cutter 42 is shown in Figure 4-1, Figure 4-2: have double cutting edge, the center is empty, can cut the root end of stock and scion simultaneously, two on stock/scion The first cutting surface is V-shaped/inverted V-shaped, and the angles of the V-shaped and inverted V-shaped cutting surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are complementary, so that the cutting surfaces of the rootstock and the scion can be easily combined, and the area of the cutting surface is also increased. , which is conducive to the survival of grafted seedlings.

The other end of the right-angle bracket 61 of the swing motor 6 is provided with a waxing part 5, and the waxing part 5 is made of a waxing pipe 51 and a waxing gas valve 52, and the port of the waxing pipe 51 is provided with a waxing gas valve 52, and the other end Even external source melting paraffin device. The waxing gas valve 52 controls the switch by the waxing cylinder 521 thereon, and the waxing cylinder 521 is fixed on the right-angle support 61 of the swing motor 6 by the waxing cylinder fixing bracket 5211 .

In order to ensure that stock and scion can be well cut, a support device 7 is provided, which is made of a support plate 71 and a support plate cylinder 72, and is positioned in the cavity provided on the workbench 1 under the swing motor 6 feet. A support plate cylinder 72 is arranged directly below the cavity, and is fixed on the workbench 1 by a support plate cylinder bracket 721 , and the support plate 71 is fixed on the upper end of the support plate cylinder 72 . The support plate 71 can be stretched up and down under the drive of the support plate cylinder 72, and plays the role of supporting the cutting operation and the joining operation.

Disinfection pool 8 is set on the workbench 1 on the left side of swing motor 6, and disinfectant is installed inside. After cutting for a certain number of times, when the swing motor 6 rotates to the wax-coated part 5 for joint operation, the cutting part 4 fixed on the other end of the right-angle bracket 61 is naturally displaced to the top of the disinfection tank 8, and the cutter cylinder 41 is driven at this time. , the V-shaped cutter 42 at its lower end is immersed in the disinfection pool 8 for disinfection.

Embodiment 2 uses the grafting method of grafting machine

On April 12th, 2012, use the seedling grafting machine among the embodiment 1 to carry out grape seedling grafting, concrete steps are as follows:

1) Locate rootstock and scion:

a) The slightly end of the rootstock is fixed to the seedling fixing part 2 on the protruding side of the V-shaped cutting knife 42 toward the cutting joint device, and the specific fixing method is to place one side of the rootstock close to the inner side of the fixing plate 21 , the spring 22 and the movable plate 23 straddle the stock top, the movable plate 23 is inserted in the two chute 231 of the workbench 1 through two sliding pins 232, and the spring tension is guaranteed to fix the stock;

B) the root end of the scion is fixed in another seedling fixing part 2 toward the cutting joint device, and the specific fixing method is with reference to step a), and now the rootstock and the scion are respectively attached to the inner sides of two fixing plates 21 located on the same plane, Realize the rootstock and the stem of the scion of positioning, at least one side is on the same plane, and the cambium of at least one side is guaranteed to be aligned;

c) Open the two nursery stock pushing parts 3, push the cylinder 31 to drive the push plate 32 to push the rootstock/scion to the cutting joint device, so that the tip end of the stock stock and the root end of the scion are aligned to the cutting joint device;

2) Cutting operation: set the cutting part 4 above the alignment position of the rootstock and the scion as the initial setting of the swing motor 6, open the support device 7 and the cutting part 4, and the support plate cylinder 72 drives the support plate 71 to move upward to support cutting, cutting Knife cylinder 41 drives V-shaped cutter 42 to cut the root end of stock and scion downwards simultaneously, and then V-shaped cutter 42 and support plate 71 move back to the original position up and down respectively to complete the cutting operation;

3) Forming the cut surface joint: start the seedling pushing parts 3 on both sides, push the cylinder 31 to drive the push plate 32 to push the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion together, and form the cut surface joint;

4) Joining operation: Open the support device 7, the support plate cylinder 72 drives the support plate 71 to move upwards to support the waxing operation; rotate the swing motor 6, make the waxing part 5 above the joint of the cut surface, and make the port of the wax delivery pipe 51 Align the joints of the cut surfaces, and open the wax application valve 52 through the wax application cylinder 521, so that the wax liquid in the wax delivery pipe 51 flows out, and evenly spreads on the joints of the cut surfaces, and the paraffin is cooled by the wax liquid to fix the joints of the cut surfaces and support Plate 71 moves down and returns to its original position, and closes the waxing gas valve 52 of waxing part 5 to complete the joining operation.

After 50 times of cutting, when the swing motor 6 rotates to the wax-coated part 5 for joint operation, the cutting part 4 fixed on the other end of the right-angle bracket 61 is naturally displaced to the top of the disinfection tank 7, and the cutter cylinder 41 is driven at this time, The V-shaped cutter 42 at its lower end is immersed in the disinfection pool 7 for disinfection.

It took 952 seconds to graft 50 plants, and an average of 188 plants were grafted per hour; after planting the grafted seedlings, the survival rate was 95%.

Claims (9)

1. seedling grafting machine; It is characterized in that mainly be made up of workbench, cutting coupling device and two cover nursery stock positioners, the cutting coupling device is fixed on the workbench middle part; Two cover nursery stock positioner directions are relative, are fixed on the workbench of cutting coupling device both sides.

2. seedling grafting machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described two cover nursery stock positioners are made up of two cover nursery stock fixed parts and two cover nursery stock push mechanism.

3. seedling grafting machine as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; Described two cover nursery stock fixed parts are made up of fixed head, spring and portable plate respectively, and the fixed head inboard of two cover nursery stock fixed parts is located at same plane, is fixed on the workbench; Spring connects fixed head and portable plate, and portable plate is fixed in the sliding tray of platform reservation through sliding pin on it and snap close.

4. seedling grafting machine as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described two cover nursery stock push mechanism are respectively by being made up of driving arrangement and slurcam.

5. seedling grafting machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described cutting coupling device mainly is made up of cutting part and attachment.

6. seedling grafting machine as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, said cutting part is made up of cutting knife and its driving arrangement, and described cutting knife is the V-arrangement cutting knife, has two cutting blades, and the center is empty.

7. seedling grafting machine as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described attachment are the waxing parts.

8. seedling grafting machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with bracing or strutting arrangement and/or sterilization pool; Said bracing or strutting arrangement is located in the cavity of offering on the workbench of cutting coupling device below, is made up of gripper shoe and its driving arrangement; Said sterilization pool is located on the workbench of cutting coupling device one side.

9. use the grafting method of each described seedling grafting machine of claim 1-8, comprise the steps:

1) uses two cover nursery stock positioners, locate stock and scion respectively;

2) use cutting part to carry out cutting operation;

3) use the nursery stock push mechanism of two cover nursery stock positioners to promote stock and scion respectively, form the tangent plane joint;

4) use attachment to engage operation;

Also comprise cutting knife method of disinfecting to the seedling grafting machine.

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