CN102798817B - A kind of relay fault detecting circuit and fault detection method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of relay fault detecting circuit and fault detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种继电器故障检测电路，包括继电器的控制部分、第一电阻、第二电阻、电压源、晶体管、电压采样单元和控制单元，晶体管具有基极、集电极和发射极，继电器的控制部分一端通过第一电阻与电源相连，继电器的控制部分另一端与晶体管的集电极相连，晶体管的发射极依次通过第二电阻、电压源接地，晶体管的基极通过控制单元与电压采样单元相连，且在连接第一电阻和继电器的控制部分一端的连接线上任意设一T点，电压采样单元与T点之间通过连接线连接，控制单元根据电压采样单元采集的T点电压值判断具体是哪一部分断路或者是继电器发生故障，克服了现有技术中工作人员由于无法准确确定继电器故障发生点而不便采取相应地处理措施的弊端。
A relay fault detection circuit, including a relay control part, a first resistor, a second resistor, a voltage source, a transistor, a voltage sampling unit and a control unit, the transistor has a base, a collector and an emitter, and one end of the relay control part passes through The first resistor is connected to the power supply, the other end of the control part of the relay is connected to the collector of the transistor, the emitter of the transistor is connected to the ground through the second resistor and the voltage source in turn, and the base of the transistor is connected to the voltage sampling unit through the control unit. Arbitrarily set a T point on the connection line at one end of the control part of the first resistor and the relay, and connect the voltage sampling unit and the T point through a connection line, and the control unit judges which part is broken according to the voltage value of the T point collected by the voltage sampling unit Or the relay breaks down, which overcomes the drawbacks in the prior art that it is inconvenient for staff to take corresponding processing measures because they cannot accurately determine the point where the relay fault occurs.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明具体涉及一种继电器故障检测电路及其故障检测方法。 The invention specifically relates to a relay fault detection circuit and a fault detection method thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
随着技术地不断改革，继电器的使用越来越频繁，给人们带来了更多便利，然而，如果继电器一旦出现故障，则无法进行准确地通断，从而给电气设备带来严重的安全隐患。 With the continuous reform of technology, relays are used more and more frequently, which brings more convenience to people. However, if the relay fails, it cannot be switched on and off accurately, which will bring serious safety hazards to electrical equipment. .
现有继电器的控制电路一般未设专门的故障检测电路，而是通过其他用电零部件的输入电压报警来进行判断，然而造成故障的原因可能出现在控制配电的继电器电路上，因此，现有技术的这种方式有以下几个问题：一、故障发生点的不确定性，需要经过详细的诊断才能确定是哪一零部件出现故障导致；二、即使是继电器控制电路出现失效，也较难判断出是电路哪里出现断路或是短路的故障；三、对于某些没有输入电压检测的零部件而言，无法及时对继电器异常状况发出报警。 The control circuit of the existing relay generally does not have a special fault detection circuit, but judges through the input voltage alarm of other electrical components. However, the cause of the fault may appear in the relay circuit that controls the power distribution. Therefore, the current This technical method has the following problems: 1. The point of failure is uncertain, and it needs detailed diagnosis to determine which component is causing the failure; 2. Even if the relay control circuit fails, it is relatively difficult. It is difficult to determine where the circuit has an open circuit or a short circuit fault; 3. For some parts without input voltage detection, it is impossible to send an alarm to the abnormal condition of the relay in time.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明为解决现有继电器的控制电路由于未设专门的故障检测电路，无法判断具体是哪一段线束或继电器本身发生故障的技术问题，提供了一种继电器故障检测电路及其故障检测方法。 The present invention provides a relay fault detection circuit and its fault detection method to solve the technical problem that the existing relay control circuit cannot determine which section of the wire harness or the relay itself fails because no special fault detection circuit is provided.
本发明的技术方案是： Technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种继电器故障检测电路，包括继电器的控制部分、第一电阻、第二电阻、电压源、晶体管、电压采样单元和控制单元，所述晶体管具有基极、集电极和发射极，所述继电器的控制部分一端通过第一电阻与电源相连，继电器的控制部分另一端与晶体管的集电极相连，晶体管的发射极依次通过第二电阻、电压源接地，晶体管的基极通过控制单元与电压采样单元相连，且在连接第一电阻和继电器的控制部分一端的连接线上任意设一T点，所述电压采样单元与T点之间通过连接线连接，用于实时采集T点的电压，控制单元根据电压采样单元实时采集的T点电压值判断具体属于采样部分断路、电源部分断路、继电器的控制部分短路和控制部分断路中的哪一种故障，其中，所述采样部分断路是指T点到电压采样单元之间的断路，所述电源部分断路是指电源到T点之间的断路，所述继电器的控制部分短路是指T点到S点之间的短路，所述控制部分断路是指T点到S点之间的断路，上述S点是指连接继电器的控制部分另一端与晶体管集电极的连接线上的任一点。 A relay fault detection circuit, comprising a control part of a relay, a first resistor, a second resistor, a voltage source, a transistor, a voltage sampling unit and a control unit, the transistor has a base, a collector and an emitter, and the relay has One end of the control part is connected to the power supply through the first resistor, the other end of the control part of the relay is connected to the collector of the transistor, the emitter of the transistor is grounded through the second resistor and the voltage source in turn, and the base of the transistor is connected to the voltage sampling unit through the control unit , and a T point is arbitrarily set on the connection line connecting the first resistor and the control part of the relay, and the voltage sampling unit is connected to the T point through a connection line for real-time collection of the voltage at the T point. The control unit according to The voltage value at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit in real time judges which fault specifically belongs to the sampling part disconnection, the power supply part disconnection, the control part short circuit of the relay, and the control part disconnection, wherein the sampling part disconnection refers to the fault between point T and the voltage The disconnection between the sampling units, the power part disconnection refers to the disconnection between the power supply and the T point, the control part short circuit of the relay refers to the short circuit between the T point and the S point, and the control part disconnection refers to the T point The open circuit between point S and point S, the above point S refers to any point on the connecting line connecting the other end of the control part of the relay and the collector of the transistor.
一种继电器故障检测电路的故障检测方法，继电器故障检测电路包括继电器的控制部分、第一电阻、第二电阻、电压源、晶体管、电压采样单元和控制单元，所述晶体管具有基极、集电极和发射极，所述继电器的控制部分一端通过第一电阻与电源相连，继电器的控制部分另一端与晶体管的集电极相连，晶体管的发射极依次通过第二电阻、电压源接地，晶体管的基极通过控制单元与电压采样单元相连，且在连接第一电阻和继电器的控制部分一端的连接线上任意设一T点，所述电压采样单元与T点之间通过连接线连接，其中故障检测方法包括以下步骤： A fault detection method of a relay fault detection circuit, the relay fault detection circuit includes a control part of a relay, a first resistor, a second resistor, a voltage source, a transistor, a voltage sampling unit and a control unit, and the transistor has a base, a collector and the emitter, one end of the control part of the relay is connected to the power supply through the first resistor, the other end of the control part of the relay is connected to the collector of the transistor, the emitter of the transistor is grounded through the second resistor and the voltage source in turn, and the base of the transistor The control unit is connected to the voltage sampling unit, and a T point is arbitrarily set on the connection line connecting the first resistor and the control part of the relay, and the voltage sampling unit is connected to the T point through a connection line, wherein the fault detection method Include the following steps:
步骤S1：电压采样单元实时采集T点的电压； Step S1: the voltage sampling unit collects the voltage at point T in real time;
步骤S2：控制单元根据电压采样单元实时采集的T点电压值判断具体属于采样部分断路、电源部分断路、继电器的控制部分短路和控制部分断路中的哪一种故障，其中，所述采样部分断路是指T点到电压采样单元之间的断路，所述电源部分断路是指电源到T点之间的断路，所述继电器的控制部分短路是指T点到S点之间的短路，所述控制部分断路是指T点到S点之间的断路，上述S点是指连接继电器的控制部分另一端与晶体管集电极的连接线上的任一点。 Step S2: The control unit judges according to the voltage value at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit in real time, which fault belongs to the sampling part disconnection, the power supply part disconnection, the control part short circuit of the relay, and the control part disconnection, wherein the sampling part disconnection refers to the disconnection between point T and the voltage sampling unit, the partial disconnection of the power supply refers to the disconnection between the power supply and point T, the short circuit of the control part of the relay refers to the short circuit between point T and point S, and the The disconnection of the control part refers to the disconnection between point T and point S. The above-mentioned point S refers to any point on the connecting line connecting the other end of the control part of the relay and the collector of the transistor.
本发明的优点：从本发明的上述技术方案可以得知，一种继电器故障检测电路通过包括继电器的控制部分、第一电阻、第二电阻、电压源、晶体管、电压采样单元和控制单元，所述晶体管具有基极、集电极和发射极，所述继电器的控制部分一端通过第一电阻与电源相连，继电器的控制部分另一端与晶体管的集电极相连，晶体管的发射极依次通过第二电阻、电压源接地，晶体管的基极通过控制单元与电压采样单元相连，且在连接第一电阻和继电器的控制部分一端的连接线上任意设一T点，所述电压采样单元与T点之间通过连接线连接，用于实时采集T点的电压，控制单元根据电压采样单元采集的T点电压值判断具体是哪一部分断路或者是继电器发生故障。相比于现有技术来说，本发明的继电器故障检测电路可以很好地判断具体是哪一部分断路或者是继电器发生故障，避免了工作人员由于无法准确确定故障发生点而不便采取相应地处理措施的弊端，因此本发明使得继电器的故障检测更可靠且更准确。 Advantages of the present invention: It can be known from the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present invention that a relay fault detection circuit includes a control part of a relay, a first resistor, a second resistor, a voltage source, a transistor, a voltage sampling unit and a control unit. The transistor has a base, a collector and an emitter, one end of the control part of the relay is connected to the power supply through the first resistor, the other end of the control part of the relay is connected to the collector of the transistor, and the emitter of the transistor is connected to the second resistor, The voltage source is grounded, the base of the transistor is connected to the voltage sampling unit through the control unit, and a T point is arbitrarily set on the connecting line connecting the first resistor and the control part of the relay, and the voltage sampling unit and the T point are passed through The connection line is used to collect the voltage at point T in real time, and the control unit judges which part is broken or the relay is faulty according to the voltage value at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit. Compared with the prior art, the relay fault detection circuit of the present invention can well determine which part of the circuit is broken or the relay is faulty, avoiding the inconvenientness of the staff to take corresponding processing measures due to the inability to accurately determine the point of fault occurrence Therefore, the invention makes the fault detection of the relay more reliable and accurate.
同理，从本发明的继电器故障检测电路的故障检测方法的技术方案可以得知，本发明的继电器故障检测电路的故障检测方法也可以很好地判断具体哪一部分断路或者继电器自身发生故障，避免了工作人员由于无法准确确定故障发生点而不便采取相应地处理措施的弊端，因此本发明使得继电器的故障检测方法更可靠且更准确。 In the same way, from the technical scheme of the fault detection method of the relay fault detection circuit of the present invention, it can be known that the fault detection method of the relay fault detection circuit of the present invention can also well judge which part is broken or the relay itself fails, so as to avoid The disadvantage that the staff cannot take corresponding treatment measures because they cannot accurately determine the fault occurrence point is eliminated, so the invention makes the fault detection method of the relay more reliable and accurate.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明继电器故障检测电路提供的一实施例的结构框图。 Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of an embodiment provided by the relay fault detection circuit of the present invention.
图2为本发明继电器故障检测电路的故障检测方法提供的一实施例的方法流程图。 FIG. 2 is a method flowchart of an embodiment provided by the fault detection method of the relay fault detection circuit of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。 In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
在描述本发明的具体实施例之前，需说明的是，本发明是对继电器的故障检测电路，因此，本发明可应用于任一具有继电器的电路或器件。 Before describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the present invention is a fault detection circuit for relays, therefore, the present invention can be applied to any circuit or device with relays.
如图1所示，一种继电器1故障检测电路包括继电器1的控制部分、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、电压源Uref、晶体管Q1、电压采样单元3和控制单元2，所述晶体管Q1具有基极、集电极和发射极，所述继电器1的控制部分一端通过第一电阻R1与电源Us相连，继电器1的控制部分另一端与晶体管Q1的集电极相连，晶体管Q1的发射极依次通过第二电阻R2、电压源Uref接地，晶体管Q1的基极通过控制单元2与电压采样单元3相连，且在连接第一电阻R1和继电器1的控制部分一端的连接线上任意设一T点，所述电压采样单元3与T点之间通过连接线连接，用于实时采集T点的电压，控制单元2根据电压采样单元3采集的T点电压值判断具体是哪一部分断路或者是继电器1发生故障，从而使得工作人员可以准确找出故障发生点进而采取相应地处理措施，因此给继电器1的使用带来更大便利。 As shown in Figure 1, a relay 1 fault detection circuit includes a control part of a relay 1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a voltage source Uref, a transistor Q1, a voltage sampling unit 3 and a control unit 2, the transistor Q1 It has a base, a collector and an emitter, one end of the control part of the relay 1 is connected to the power supply Us through the first resistor R1, the other end of the control part of the relay 1 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and the emitter of the transistor Q1 is sequentially passed through The second resistor R2 and the voltage source Uref are grounded, the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the voltage sampling unit 3 through the control unit 2, and a T point is arbitrarily set on the connection line connecting the first resistor R1 and the control part of the relay 1. The voltage sampling unit 3 is connected to the T point through a connection line for real-time collection of the voltage at the T point. The control unit 2 judges which part of the circuit is broken or the relay 1 occurs according to the voltage value at the T point collected by the voltage sampling unit 3. fault, so that the staff can accurately find out where the fault occurs and take corresponding measures to deal with it, thus bringing greater convenience to the use of the relay 1 .
具体实施中，所述电压源Uref的取值小于电源电压Us电压减去继电器1的额定工作电压的差值。 In a specific implementation, the value of the voltage source Uref is smaller than the difference between the voltage of the power supply voltage Us minus the rated working voltage of the relay 1 .
具体实施中，所述控制单元2为ECU，当然，本实施例的控制单元2不局限于ECU，还可以为其它具有上述判断功能的器件，在此不做详细介绍。 In a specific implementation, the control unit 2 is an ECU. Of course, the control unit 2 in this embodiment is not limited to the ECU, and can also be other devices with the above-mentioned judgment function, which will not be described in detail here.
具体实施中，所述连接线为线束，当然还可以为其它具有上述功能的连接线，例如导线等。 In a specific implementation, the connecting wire is a wire harness, and of course it can also be other connecting wires having the above-mentioned functions, such as wires and the like.
本发明还提供了一种继电器1故障检测电路的故障检测方法，其中，继电器1故障检测电路如图1所示，包括继电器1的控制部分、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、电压源Uref、晶体管Q1、电压采样单元3和控制单元2，所述晶体管Q1具有基极、集电极和发射极，所述继电器1的控制部分一端通过第一电阻R1与电源Us相连，继电器1的控制部分另一端与晶体管Q1的集电极相连，晶体管Q1的发射极依次通过第二电阻R2、电压源Uref接地，晶体管Q1的基极通过控制单元2与电压采样单元3相连，且在连接第一电阻R1和继电器1的控制部分一端的连接线上任意设一T点，所述电压采样单元3与T点之间通过连接线连接，其中故障检测方法如图2所示，包括以下步骤： The present invention also provides a fault detection method for a relay 1 fault detection circuit, wherein the relay 1 fault detection circuit is shown in Figure 1, including the control part of the relay 1, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the voltage source Uref , transistor Q1, voltage sampling unit 3 and control unit 2, the transistor Q1 has a base, a collector and an emitter, one end of the control part of the relay 1 is connected to the power supply Us through the first resistor R1, the control part of the relay 1 The other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is grounded sequentially through the second resistor R2 and the voltage source Uref, the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the voltage sampling unit 3 through the control unit 2, and connected to the first resistor R1 A T point is arbitrarily set on the connection line at one end of the control part of the relay 1, and the voltage sampling unit 3 is connected with the T point through a connection line, wherein the fault detection method is as shown in Figure 2, including the following steps:
步骤21：电压采样单元3实时采集T点的电压； Step 21: the voltage sampling unit 3 collects the voltage at point T in real time;
步骤21：控制单元2根据电压采样单元3实时采集的T点电压值判断具体是哪一部分断路或者是继电器1发生故障。可以理解的是，该步骤的控制单元2还可根据电压采样单元3实时采集的T点电压值判断具体属于采样部分断路、电源部分断路、继电器的控制部分短路和控制部分断路中的哪一种故障，参阅图1，其中 Step 21: The control unit 2 determines which part is broken or the relay 1 is faulty according to the voltage value at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 in real time. It can be understood that the control unit 2 in this step can also judge which one of the sampling part disconnection, the power supply part disconnection, the control part short circuit of the relay, and the control part disconnection according to the voltage value at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 in real time. fault, see Figure 1, where
采样部分断路是指T点到电压采样单元3之间的断路； The disconnection of the sampling part refers to the disconnection between point T and the voltage sampling unit 3;
电源部分断路是指电源Us到T点之间的断路； Partial disconnection of the power supply refers to the disconnection between the power supply Us and the point T;
继电器的控制部分短路是指T点到S点之间的短路（可以理解地是，包括继电器1自身短路）； The short circuit of the control part of the relay refers to the short circuit between point T and point S (understandably, including the short circuit of relay 1 itself);
控制部分断路是指T点到S点之间的断路。 The open circuit of the control part refers to the open circuit between point T and point S.
上述S点是指连接继电器的控制部分另一端与晶体管Q1集电极的连接线上的任一点。 The above point S refers to any point on the connecting line connecting the other end of the control part of the relay with the collector of the transistor Q1.
可以理解的是，本实施例中，控制单元通过控制晶体管是否导通从而控制继电器的控制部分（即线圈）是否得电，从而控制继电器的被控制部分（即触电开关）闭合或断开。由于，这是本领域的现有技术，且不是本发明的主要改进点，因此，对这一部分内容不做详细介绍。 It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the control unit controls whether the control part of the relay (ie, the coil) is energized by controlling whether the transistor is turned on, thereby controlling the controlled part of the relay (ie, the contact switch) to be closed or disconnected. Since this is the prior art in this field and not the main improvement point of the present invention, this part of the content will not be introduced in detail.
具体实施中，所述电压源Uref的取值小于电源Us电压减去继电器1的额定工作电压的差值。 In a specific implementation, the value of the voltage source Uref is smaller than the difference between the voltage of the power supply Us minus the rated working voltage of the relay 1 .
具体实施中，所述控制单元2为ECU。 In a specific implementation, the control unit 2 is an ECU.
作为本实施例的一优选方案，上述控制单元2根据电压采样单元3实时采集的T点电压值判断具体属于采样部分断路、电源部分断路、继电器的控制部分短路和控制部分断路中的哪一种故障具体为： As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the above-mentioned control unit 2 judges according to the voltage value at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 in real time which one of the sampling part disconnection, the power supply part disconnection, the control part short circuit of the relay, and the control part disconnection The fault is specifically:
当电压采样单元3采集的T点电压值ut=0时，控制单元2判断采样部分断路； When the voltage value u t at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 is 0, the control unit 2 judges that the sampling part is disconnected;
当电压采样单元3采集的T点电压值ut=uref时，控制单元2判断电源Us部分断路； When the voltage value u t at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 =uref, the control unit 2 judges that the power supply Us is partially disconnected;
当电压采样单元3采集的T点电压值ut= 时，控制单元2判断继电器1的控制部分短路； When the T point voltage value u t collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 = , the control unit 2 judges that the control part of the relay 1 is short-circuited;
当电压采样单元3采集的T点电压值ut=Us时，控制单元2判断控制部分断路；其中us为电源电压，r1为第一电阻的阻值，r2为第二电阻的阻值，uref为电压源的端电压。 When the voltage value u t at point T=Us collected by the voltage sampling unit 3, the control unit 2 judges that the control part is disconnected; where us is the power supply voltage, r1 is the resistance value of the first resistor, r2 is the resistance value of the second resistor, uref is the terminal voltage of the voltage source.
作为上述实施例的进一步优选方案，上述步骤23还包括，控制单元2根据电压采样单元3实时采集的T点电压值判断继电器1的整个控制电路是否正常，其中 As a further preferred solution of the above embodiment, the above step 23 also includes that the control unit 2 judges whether the entire control circuit of the relay 1 is normal according to the voltage value at point T collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 in real time, wherein
当电压采样单元3采集的T点电压值ut=时，控制单元2判断继电器1的整个控制电路正常，其中us为电源电压，r1为第一电阻的阻值，r2为第二电阻的阻值，r3为继电器等效电阻的阻值（对于本领域技术人来说，这是很容易得到的），uref为电压源的端电压。 When the T point voltage value u t collected by the voltage sampling unit 3 = , the control unit 2 judges that the entire control circuit of the relay 1 is normal, where us is the power supply voltage, r1 is the resistance value of the first resistor, r2 is the resistance value of the second resistor, and r3 is the resistance value of the equivalent resistance of the relay (for this For those skilled in the art, this is easy to obtain), uref is the terminal voltage of the voltage source.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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