CN102703129A - Staged-pressurization gasification reaction device for dry pulverized coal and gasification method thereof - Google Patents
Staged-pressurization gasification reaction device for dry pulverized coal and gasification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a staged-pressurization gasification reaction device for dry pulverized coal. A first burner chamber internally provided with a top-arranged process burner is arranged at the top part of the gasification reaction device; a layer of second burner chamber internally provided with a side-surface process burner is arranged on the side surface at the upper part of the gasification reaction device and along the peripheral direction; a slag hole is also arranged in the bottom of the gasification reaction device; multiple chilling gas inlets are arranged at the upper end part of a synthesis gas cooling chamber; and further, the synthesis gas cooling chamber is also provided with an inner cylinder membrane wall, an outer cylinder membrane wall and a screen wall. The invention further discloses a gasification method, which includes steps as follows: S1, gasified fuel, water vapor and oxygen are sprayed into the gasification reaction chamber for incomplete gasification reaction; S2, oxygen or oxygen rich gas and water vapor are injected into the side surface process burner so as to carry out complete gasification reaction and secondary gasification reaction; S3, gasified products enter the synthesis gas cooling chamber from the slag hole; and S4, synthesis gas is discharged from the synthesis gas cooling chamber, and ash residues are discharged into a bottom slag basin. According to the invention, the service life of the furnace liner is prolonged, and the practical operation flexibility is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gasification reactor apparatus, particularly relate to a kind of dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit, with and gasification process.
Background technology
Coal Gasification Technology is the basis of process industrials such as the coal-based chemical of development, coal-based liquid fuel, combined cycle generation, hydrogen manufacturing, is the gordian technique and tap technology of these industries.
Existing can be with carbonaceous fuel gasifyings such as coal, Jiao; In the technology that adopts air flow bed to gasify; Representational dry coal powder gasification technology mainly contains: many burners opposed type dry coal dust gasification furnace, the Xie Er vapourizing furnace of the exploitation of units such as China East China University of Science, and the double-section dry coal powder gasifying furnace of GSP vapourizing furnace and Inst. of Pyrology, State Electric power Corp..
Single stove processing power of single fire mouth overhead type dry coal dust gasification furnace of the prior art is less, like the GSP vapourizing furnace.Because top effusive turbulence intensity is higher, there are partial material short circuit and the phenomenon that forms than the large stream recirculating zone, and adopt the top enter material way, burning, gasification reaction concentrate on the top area of gasification reactor chamber.Usually this regional temperature is higher, and stove inner top furnace wall material is owing to bear washing away of high temperature refluxed material, and its work-ing life is shorter, influences long-term operation.Yet many burners opposed type dry coal dust gasification furnace of East China University of Science is owing to adopt the collision type charging, and still there is bigger threat in the flame that upwards clashes into that bump produces to furnace wall, the top material of vapourizing furnace.Xie Er vapourizing furnace and double-section dry coal powder gasifying furnace all adopt coal gas and molten state slag to be countercurrent flow, and its subject matter is that the molten state slag leans on gravity to discharge vapourizing furnace downwards under the reverse holder power effect of air-flow, very easily the frozen plug cinder notch.
There are two subject matters in dry coal dust gasification furnace operation at present: the one, and temperature control problem in the vapourizing furnace; The 2nd, the cooling of gasification product and high temperature purification process.
Owing to can't artificially control the response behaviour in the vapourizing furnace, make that temperature distribution and the air-flow condition in the stove is unreasonable.And under the historical background of energy-conserving and environment-protective, adopt the water washing process for cooling to handle gasification product with high-order sensible heat, there is the low problem of efficiency of energy utilization.Therefore, domestic and international many researchists attempt developing the synthetic gas heat recovery technology that is applicable to that coal gasification course produces, and adopt the useless pot of radiation to add the technology of bottom water Quench like U.S. Pat 20080041572; Ability recovery part gasification product sensible heat, but a radiation section directly adopts screen formula water wall in the useless pot of radiation, the stifled slag of screen formula water wall slagging scorification very easily occurs; Influence its long-term operation; Follow the bottom water Quench, complex process, the usage on black water amount is also bigger.
The typical process flow of Xie Er gasification is employed in top of gasification furnace exit low temperature synthetic gas Quench, and again through after the membrane wall heat transfer cooling, entering synthetic gas conduit flows into convection current and carries out further processing under cooling for useless pot.Because synthetic gas is carried a large amount of flying dusts secretly and is got into syngas cooler; On its water wall, form dust stratification easily, influence heat-transfer effect, and it has adopted two heat-exchange equipments; The syngas cooler structure is huge, manufacturing cost is high; Manufacturing cycle is long, and the I&M difficulty is bigger, and has problems such as floor space is big.
Therefore, developing the extensive high-efficiency gasification technology that temperature can be regulated and control flexibly in a kind of stove, the gasification product sensible heat is utilized effectively, is one of gordian technique approach that improves coal in China gasification technology safety.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is can't regulate and control flexibly in order to overcome in the prior art in the vapourizing furnace temperature, and the defective that is not utilized effectively of gasification product sensible heat, and a kind of dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit and gasification process thereof are provided.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem through following technical proposals: a kind of dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit; It comprises a furnace shell; From top to bottom coaxial arrangement has a gasification reactor chamber, a synthetic gas cooling room and a bottom slag bath in said furnace shell, and its characteristics are:
The top of said gasification reactor chamber be provided with one be built-in with an overhead process burner the first burner chamber; The upper side of said gasification reactor chamber along the circumferential direction is provided with one deck second burner chamber; And at the indoor layout one side process burner of each said second burner; Bottom at said gasification reactor chamber also is provided with cinder notch, is communicated with said synthetic gas cooling room through said cinder notch down, and the inwall of said gasification reactor chamber adopts membrane wall.
The upper end of said synthetic gas cooling room is provided with several Quench gas inlets; Be provided with an inner core membrane wall in the said synthetic gas cooling room; One urceolus membrane wall also is set between said synthetic gas cooling room and said furnace shell, and a screen formula water wall is set between said inner core membrane wall and said urceolus membrane wall.
Be equipped with corresponding water wall collection case on said membrane wall, said inner core pattern water wall, said urceolus pattern water wall and the said screen formula water wall.
Wherein, the long service life of membrane wall, serviceability is high.The indoor part spiral coil cooling tube that is provided with of said first burner can play the effect of protection overhead process burner.
Preferably, the water wall form that said cinder notch down adopts coil tube type water wall and shell and tube water wall to combine, said first burner chamber opening and straight section on the said gasification reactor chamber partly adopt the shell and tube water wall.
Here; The said first burner chamber opening on gasification reactor chamber top and straight section partly adopt the cooling of shell and tube water wall to help protecting top of gasification furnace furnace wall material; Following cinder notch adopts coil tube type and the combination of shell and tube water wall to be beneficial to processing and to realize slag tap; And both interludes also adopt the shell and tube water wall, and it helps slag and flows downward.
In addition, being provided with of several Quench gas inlets can make slag promptly solidified by Quench at synthetic gas cooling room head inlet zone effectively.
Preferably, said coil tube type water wall, said shell and tube water wall and said membrane wall are that cantilevered or lateral support formula are installed in the said gasification reactor apparatus.
Preferably, the said first burner chamber, said gasification reactor chamber and said synthetic gas cooling room are coaxial setting, and the vertical range of said second burner chamber and the said first burner chamber lower edge is the 10%-30% of the straight section part height of said gasification reactor chamber.
This structure can satisfy the needs of temperature distribution in the stove effectively, leans on very much and will make the furnace roof overtemperature, too by making the residence time of material in stove too short down.
Preferably, said side process burner is deflection radially, and radially skew direction is consistent with angle excursion, and said angle excursion is 4 °-6 °.
Said process burner adopts the same level face evenly to arrange radially have identical drift angle, utilize the circle of contact radially to arrange can to avoid clash into generation upwards with percussion flow thigh downwards, realize rational flow field.The whirlpool that is formed by circle of contact jet can entrainment the top area material effectively, thereby the second gasification reaction takes place, and the residence time of material in stove is greatly improved.Make the indoor temperature distribution of gasification reaction more reasonably also improve simultaneously efficiency of carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency like this.
Preferably, at least a portion of the said first burner chamber is provided with a spiral coil cooling tube and a fire-resistant packing layer.
Preferably, the opening of the said first burner chamber is truncated cone-shaped or dome-shaped.
Preferably, it is indoor that said process burner employing mechanical system is installed on said second burner, and plane, said process burner place is vertical with the wall of said gasification reactor chamber.
Preferably, said mechanical system is welding or flange connection.
Wherein, Vertical from top to bottom and coaxial being connected in the furnace shell of said gasification reactor chamber and said synthetic gas cooling room; Here for the ease of making and installing; Said gasification reactor chamber and said synthetic gas cooling room can be divided into two parts in furnace shell, middle can the connection through flange during installation, this flange connection is convenient to assembly and disassembly more.
Preferably, the height of the straight section of said gasification reactor chamber part is 3:1-8:1 with the diameter ratio.This structure can guarantee rational flow field effect, and helping to keep the superfacial velocity of raw gas in gasification reactor chamber simultaneously is 0.5m/s-2.5m/s.So-called superfacial velocity is exactly the ratio of volume and sectional area, through the control superfacial velocity material is kept the rational residence time in stove.
Preferably, the indoor said film-type water-cooling wall surface of said gasification reaction is equipped with a high-temperature flame-proof layer.
Preferably, the material of said high-temperature flame-proof layer comprises SiC and/or Al
2O
3, the thickness of said high-temperature flame-proof layer is 2mm-30mm.
In addition, said high-temperature refractory also can be selected SiC and/or Al for use
2O
3Deng matrix material, thereby play the effect of protection water wall tube wall material.
Preferably, the bottom of said synthetic gas cooling room is provided with the slag-drip opening that is communicated with said bottom slag bath, and the side that is positioned at the said furnace shell in the said synthetic gas cooling room outside is provided with a syngas outlet.
Said syngas outlet can be used to discharge synthetic gas, and its diameter value should make the apparent velocity of synthetic gas remain on 15m/s-30m/s.
Preferably, the number of said screen formula water wall is 4-40, and along the coaxial even layout of the central axis of said synthetic gas cooling room.
Preferably, the number of said screen formula water wall is 10-20, and the height of said screen formula water wall is the 50%-100% of vertical range of bottom of medullary ray to the said inner core membrane wall of said syngas outlet.
Arrange that screen formula water wall will increase the water wall heat interchanging area, highly be provided with and can design according to actual cooling requirement here.Screen formula water wall width according to the synthetic gas cooling room inside and outside with between the annular space spatial design, its number can require control according to process for cooling.
Preferably, coil tube type water wall or shell and tube water wall are adopted in last reducing place of said synthetic gas cooling room.
Preferably, the angle of inclination of the following cinder notch of said gasification reactor chamber is 25 °-60 °.What gasification reactor chamber described herein adopted is the slag tap mode, and it is 8m/s-15m/s that said cinder notch interior diameter down should keep the superfacial velocity at synthetic gas cinder notch place under gasification reactor chamber.
In gasification reactor chamber provided by the present invention; Except that coil tube type water wall and method that the shell and tube water wall combines were adopted in said down cinder notch zone, the shell and tube water wall was all adopted in other zones (comprising the straight section of said gasification reactor chamber cylindrical shell and the reducing section of said cinder notch down etc.).And the shell and tube water wall can adopt top cantilevered or lateral support formula, and the lateral support unit is arranged on the said second burner chamber two parts up and down, evenly arranges along circumference.
Preferably, the said Quench gas inlet that is positioned at the ingress of said synthetic gas cooling room arranges evenly that along annulus the direction of said Quench gas inlet and the axis angle of said gasification reactor apparatus are 5 °-60 °, and the number of said Quench gas inlet is 4-80.
Wherein, Quench gas can adopt water vapor, CO
2, N
2, pump around circuit dustless gas such as low temperature clean synthetic gas or its mixture.
As stated, whole dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit is divided into the gasification reactor chamber on top and the synthetic gas cooling room of bottom.The high-temperature gasification product that the gasification back produces obtains cooling and rough purification in said synthetic gas cooling room; Membrane wall and the absorption of screen formula water wall that its heat is synthesized in the gas cooling room again are used to produce water vapor; Reclaimed like this and be equivalent to the heat of raw coal net calorific value more than 10%; Can make overall thermal coal gas efficient reach about 95%, improve 4-5 percentage point than the chilling process efficiency of energy utilization of identical gasifying process.
The method that the synthetic gas cooling room of gasification installation provided by the present invention adopts gas Quench, radiation heat transfer formula membrane wall and convective heat exchange formula screen formula water wall to combine is with useless pot of radiation commonly used in the engineering reality and the useless pot of convection current organic combination.When the high-order sensible heat that makes gasification product obtains efficient recovery, reduced heat-exchange equipment size and floor space greatly, saved investment, adopt the gas chilling technology to strengthen the operation controllability and the safety of whole synthesis gas process.Basically do not have chemical reaction in the syngas cooler and take place, synthetic gas cooling and slag process of setting are realized through Physical temperature-lowering.During operation; High-temperature synthesis gas is being carried slag secretly and is being got into syngas cooler along following cinder notch, and at inlet zone by low temperature Quench gas Quench, slag is frozen into the grey solid impurity particle of Watch glass attitude rapidly; Flow downward with synthetic gas; The heat of synthetic gas is further taken away by the water in the inner core water wall tube through the mode of radiative transfer, and lime-ash is finally fallen into slag bath by thorough curing, and turning back behind the synthetic gas chance slag bath liquid level gets into the annular space between syngas cooler inner core water wall and urceolus water wall; And shielded the formula water wall with the mode of transmission of heat by convection and further lower the temperature, finally flow out from the outlet of gasification installation side.
The present invention also provides a kind of gasification process that adopts aforesaid dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit, and its characteristics are that it may further comprise the steps:
S
1, vaporising fuel, water vapour and oxygen are sprayed into a gasification reactor chamber through an overhead process burner, carry out incomplete gasification reaction;
S
2, in the process burner of said side aerating oxygen or oxygen rich gas and water vapour; With the reaction that is gasified totally through the logistics behind the said incomplete gasification reaction, the water vapour and the carbonic acid gas that produce through logistics behind the said incomplete gasification reaction and burning simultaneously carry out the second gasification reaction;
S
3, the gasification product that forms in the gasification discharged by cinder notch once; And get into a synthetic gas cooling room; Said gasification product receives the Quench gas Quench that several Quench gas inlets get into, and carries out heat exchange through an inner core membrane wall, a urceolus membrane wall and a screen formula water wall;
S
4, synthetic gas is discharged said synthetic gas cooling room, lime-ash enters said bottom slag bath.
Preferably, said step S
1Further comprising the steps of before:
S
11, at the top of said gasification reactor apparatus aerating oxygen, gas or liquid fuel, said gasification reactor apparatus is carried out thermal pretreatment.
Preferably, said step S
2In in required said oxygen or the said oxygen rich gas oxygen content more than or equal to 21%.
Preferably, said step S
1In said incomplete gasification reaction form a cold zone, said cold zone is 1000 ℃-1250 ℃ the non-slag of low temperature or fritting slag zone.
Preferably, said step S
2In the said reaction that is gasified totally form a high-temperature zone with said second gasification reaction back, said high-temperature zone is that 1300 ℃-1600 ℃ full-fusing is regional.
Above-mentioned dry coal powder gasification method is that the dry coal powder is sent into the side process burner respectively through pressurization Dense Phase Pneumatic Conveying mode, and delivery medium can be CO
2, N
2Deng gas.Required oxygen or oxygen rich gas (O gasify
2>=21%) all sends into through said side process burner; The required water vapor that gasifies is sent into through said side process burner, and recently realizes temperature distribution in gasification reaction mode control and the definite stove in the vapourizing furnace through the steam coal of regulating said overhead process burner pan feeding.In this gasification, steam plays temperature adjusting effect preferably.
Gasification process of the present invention is employed in the overhead process burner and sends into minor amounts of oxygen; Make vaporising fuel be in incomplete gasification reaction; And then charging in the process burner of side; Make to be in oxygen condition that promptly side burner pan feeding oxygen coal is than required far above gasification, so the partial combustion reaction takes place through the logistics behind the said incomplete gasification reaction.And the coal dust that the overhead process burner sprays into is after heat absorption and devolatilization take place in the gasification reactor chamber top; Remaining material is mainly carbon black and semicoke particle; Down flow process meets with the reaction product that the side burner sprays into and mixes; Generating gasification reaction once more, thus reach gasification reactor chamber top area cool effect.Can be called the indoor temperature of chemical method regulation and control gasification reaction from principle.
Therefore, the present invention utilizes the classification gasification method that devolatilization, burning and the gasification of the indoor generation of gasification reaction are decomposed.In the gasification reactor chamber top area coal dust devolatilization process takes place mainly, process burner planar central zone is mainly combustion processes in the side, and other zones are mainly the gasification reaction process.The indoor differing temps district of gasification reaction has been set up in oxygen and water vapor distribution through the adjusting gasification reaction is indoor, has optimized reaction conditions.Because gasification reactor chamber top area temperature is lower; The wall lime-ash is in non-fusion or semi-melting state; Below, said second burner chamber wall lime-ash then is a molten state; Realized non-slag-slag subregion that gasification reaction is indoor, the slag discharge gasification reactor chamber that finally will gasify and produce with the slag tap mode.
Among the present invention, but above-mentioned optimum condition arbitrary combination on the basis that meets this area general knowledge promptly gets each preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is: dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of the present invention and gasification process thereof have adopted the classification gasification technology; Make top of gasification furnace need not bear washing away strongly of high temperature gas flow; Prolong the work-ing life of furnace lining; And through the classification gasification technology vapourizing furnace inner compartment temperature can effectively be regulated and control, strengthen actually operating elasticity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of synthetic gas cooling room in the dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schema of the gasification process of dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 when adopting single fire mouth overhead type gasification reactor apparatus and dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of the present invention respectively, the indoor axis temperature distribution contrast of corresponding gasification reaction synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Provide preferred embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to specify technical scheme of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 1-2; Dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of the present invention; It is set to a upright round tube type in the present embodiment, and it comprises a furnace shell 1, and from top to bottom coaxial arrangement has a gasification reactor chamber 2, a synthetic gas cooling room 3 and a bottom slag bath 5 in furnace shell 1.
The top of gasification reactor chamber 2 is provided with one first burner chamber 11, and in the first burner chamber 11, an overhead process burner 111 is set.Simultaneously, along the circumferential direction be provided with one deck second burner chamber 21, and in each second burner chamber 21, arrange a side process burner 211 in the upper side of gasification reactor chamber 2.One deck second burner chamber 21 comprises that several are evenly distributed on the gasification reactor chamber lateral second burner chambers 21 2, makes side process burner 211 symmetric arrangement.Wherein overhead process burner 111 adopts mechanical system to be installed in the first burner chamber 11 and the second burner chamber 21 respectively with side process burner 211; For example welding or adopt flange 4 to connect, and the wall with gasification reactor chamber 2 is vertical respectively on overhead process burner 111 and side process burner 211 plane that belongs to.Also be provided with cinder notch 23 in the bottom of gasification reactor chamber 2, be communicated with synthetic gas cooling room 3 through following cinder notch 23, and the inwall of gasification reactor chamber 2 adopt membrane wall.Here, following cinder notch 23 is preferably cinder notch under the taper, and its angle of inclination is preferably 25 °-60 °.Especially, the water wall form that following cinder notch 23 adopts coil tube type water wall and shell and tube water wall 222 to combine, and the first burner chamber, 11 openings on the gasification reactor chamber 2 adopt shell and tube water wall 112, and straight section partly adopts shell and tube water wall 22.
In addition, side process burner 211 adopts the little circle of contact to arrange, has avoided the generation of bump flame.Flame directly touches wall in the time of simultaneously also can preventing to adopt the wide-angle circle of contact.Because the steam coal that adopts top burner pan feeding can carry out parameter adjustment according to running statuses such as the indoor temperature fluctuations of gasification reaction effectively in real time than controlled design, has promoted the overall operation reliability and stability.
Usually, the working pressure in the gasification reactor chamber 2 is set at 1.5MPa～8MPa, and the membrane wall of gasification reactor chamber 2 only can bear than small pressure difference.Therefore the cavity 12 that constitutes between membrane wall and the furnace shell 1 in the gasification reactor chamber 2 needs to adopt rare gas element to fill (like N
2, Ar etc.), make the pressure in the cavity 12 little greater than the pressure in the gasification reactor chamber 2, can prevent that like this synthetic gas from scurrying into cavity 12, also play heat insulation and effect anti-leak protection housing metal simultaneously.
The upper end of synthetic gas cooling room 3 is provided with several Quench gas inlets 36; In synthetic gas cooling room 3, be provided with an inner core membrane wall 32; One urceolus membrane wall 33 also is set between synthetic gas cooling room 3 and furnace shell 1, and a screen formula water wall 34 is set between inner core membrane wall 32 and urceolus membrane wall 33.In addition, on said membrane wall, inner core pattern water wall 32, urceolus pattern water wall 33 and screen formula water wall 34, be equipped with corresponding water wall collection case 35.In addition, be provided with the slag-drip opening 51 that is communicated with bottom slag bath 5 in the bottom of synthetic gas cooling room 3, the side that is positioned at the furnace shell 1 in synthetic gas cooling room 3 outsides is provided with a syngas outlet 31.
Wherein, the number of screen formula water wall 34 is 4-40, and along the coaxial even layout of the central axis of synthetic gas cooling room 3.The number of screen formula water wall 34 can further be preferably 10-20, and the height of screen formula water wall 34 is the 50%-100% of vertical range of bottom of medullary ray to the said inner core membrane wall of syngas outlet.Install for ease, overhaul and safeguard, on the furnace shell of integrated gasification reaction unit, one or more manholes can also be set, for example can near the middle and upper part of synthetic gas cooling room 3 or middle and lower part, the manhole (not shown) be set.
In addition, the Quench gas inlet 36 that is positioned at the ingress of synthetic gas cooling room 3 evenly arranges along annulus, and the direction of Quench gas inlet 36 is 5 °-60 ° with the axis angle of gasification reactor apparatus 2, and it is individual that the number of Quench gas inlet is preferably 4-80.
Preferably, coil tube type water wall or shell and tube water wall 37 are adopted in last reducing place of synthetic gas cooling room 3.Above-mentioned said coil tube type water wall, said shell and tube water wall and said membrane wall all can adopt cantilevered or lateral support formula to be installed in the said gasification reactor apparatus.
Further, the first burner chamber 11, gasification reactor chamber 2 and synthetic gas cooling room 3 are coaxial setting, and the vertical range of the second burner chamber 21 and the first burner chamber, 11 lower edges is the 10%-30% of the straight section part height of gasification reactor chamber 2.Side process burner 211 is deflection radially, and radially skew direction is consistent with angle excursion, and said angle excursion is 4 °-6 °.
Preferably, at least a portion of the first burner chamber 11 is provided with a spiral coil cooling tube and a fire-resistant packing layer.The opening of the first burner chamber 11 is truncated cone-shaped or dome-shaped.
Further, the height of the straight section of gasification reactor chamber 2 part is 3:1-8:1 with the diameter ratio.Said film-type water-cooling wall surface in the gasification reactor chamber 2 is equipped with a high-temperature flame-proof layer.The material of said high-temperature flame-proof layer comprises SiC and/or Al
2O
3, the thickness of said high-temperature flame-proof layer is 2-30mm.
As shown in Figure 3, the present invention also provides a kind of gasification process that adopts aforesaid dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit, and it specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 101 sprays into a gasification reactor chamber with vaporising fuel, water vapour and oxygen through an overhead process burner, carries out incomplete gasification reaction.Wherein, said incomplete gasification reaction forms a cold zone, and said cold zone is 1000 ℃-1250 ℃ non-slag of low temperature or fritting slag zone.
Wherein, above-mentioned reaction and formation one high-temperature zone, above-mentioned second gasification reaction back of being gasified totally, said high-temperature zone is 1300 ℃-1600 ℃ full-fusing zone.
Step 106 is discharged said synthetic gas cooling room with synthetic gas, and lime-ash enters said bottom slag bath.
Can mainly accomplish following gasification through above-mentioned gasification process: dry coal powder, water vapor are sent into the overhead process burner 111 of gasification reactor chamber 2 respectively according to the steam coal ratio of setting.Oxygen or oxygen-rich air are sent into through the side process burner 211 of gasification reactor chamber 2, and generating gasification reaction in gasification reactor chamber 2 forms 1000 ~ 1250 ℃ non-slag of low temperature or fritting slag zone thus at the headspace of gasification reactor chamber 2.The coal dust devolatilization that sprays into from overhead process burner 111; And the effect of entrainmenting air-flow behind the partly gasification downwards gets into the second gasification reaction zone down; With mobile capable second gasification reaction, 1300 ℃ ~ 1600 ℃ of the formation high-temperature zones of being mixed into of material rotations such as the carbonic acid gas that produces after 211 partial combustions of side process burner, water vapor and part oxygen.Middle thermal-flame district even surpass 2000 ℃, this moment, lime-ash was in complete molten state in this zone, and wall forms stable fluidised bed slag, and the molten state lime-ash flows downward with synthetic gas along wall.Gasification product gets into synthetic gas cooling rooms 3 through following cinder notch 23, and after the head of synthetic gas cooling room 3 was by Quench gas Quench, syngas outlet flowed out from the side after inner core membrane wall 32, urceolus membrane wall 33 and 34 heat exchange of screen formula water wall.And grey solid impurity particle flows downward after inlet zone is solidified by Quench, the solid ash solid impurity particle that most grey solid impurity particles are hunted down and solidify to form vitreous state when contact slag bath liquid level, and from slag-drip opening 51 discharges.
Fig. 4 is when adopting single fire mouth overhead type gasification with gasification process according to the invention respectively, and the contrast of gasification reaction chamber axis temperature distribution is illustrated.Visible by Fig. 4, under identical dry coal powder treatment capacity condition, the gasification reactor chamber top area temperature (shown in curve A among Fig. 4) of single fire mouth overhead type gasification obviously heats up very fast, and temperature is higher.And when adopting gasification installation provided by the present invention to carry out gasification reaction (shown in curve B among Fig. 4); The indoor high-temperature zone of gasification reaction moves down; Away from headspace, the high-temperature zone just appears in the process burner plane in the side, has realized the transformation of non-slag-slag process.Can reach the protection membrane wall of " with the anti-slag of slag " so effectively, the overall operation efficiency of gasification installation and safety are improved greatly.
With a concrete instance the present invention is specified below:
The dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of one cover day 3000 tons of coals of processing, the interior diameter of gasification reactor chamber housing is 4200mm.Overhead process burner of top layout at gasification reactor chamber sprays into 20% coal dust, 20% water vapor by the overhead burner.Four side process burners of one deck are evenly arranged in its side, process burner plane, side and gasification reactor chamber axis normal, and radially angle excursion is 4.8 °, sprays into 80% coal dust, 80% water vapor and 100% oxygen altogether by four side process burners.The raw coal of above-mentioned overhead process burner and side process burner is handled the load basically identical.
The inner core water wall diameter of synthetic gas cooling room is set to 4500mm, highly is 25000mm, and urceolus water wall diameter is set to 6800mm, highly is 32000mm, and screen formula water wall height is 15000mm, and width is 800mm, along 16 of middle annular space circumference uniform distributions.
Can obtain the analytical data (as shown in table 2) of coal analysis (as shown in table 1) and gasification reactor apparatus outlet synthetic gas by above-mentioned gasification reactor apparatus:
Table 1 coal analysis table
Other main operational conditions:
Service temperature: 1673K;
Working pressure: 4.0MPa;
Coal dust delivery of carrier gas medium: nitrogen;
Oxygen coal ratio: 0.48kg/kg;
Steam coal ratio: 0.3kg/kg;
Steam-in temperature: 623K;
Oxygen intake temperature: 298K;
Oxygen purity: 99.6%.
Gasification reactor apparatus outlet synthetic gas analytical data is:
Table 2 gasification installation outlet gas composition (Vol%) and following cinder notch place temperature (K) data
| H 2 | CO | CO 2 | H 2O | CH 4 | H 2S | COS | N 2 | T |
| 29.95 | 59.67 | 2.28 | 3.87 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 0.01 | 3.41 | 1732 |
Gasification reactor apparatus outlet synthetic gas temperature: 612K;
Efficiency of carbon conversion: 99.2%;
Active constituent content (H in the coal gas
2+ CO): 92.3% (butt);
Gasification installation outlet synthetic gas flow: 225414Nm
3/ h;
Overall thermal coal gas efficient: 94.8%.
The high-temperature water temperature that gets into synthetic gas cooling room membrane wall and screen formula water wall is 312 ℃, pressure 112MPa, and steam output is about 260t/h.Synthetic gas cooling room head Quench gas adopts low temperature synthetic gas circulation re-injection mode, and circulation ratio is about 20% of total synthesis gas yield.
The concrete performance perameter of synthetic gas cooling room is following:
Heat lost by radiation: < 0.4%;
Available rate:>95%;
Working pressure (tube side): 11.2atm;
Working pressure (shell side): 35atm.
In sum; The method that the synthetic gas cooling room of dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of the present invention adopts gas Quench, radiation heat transfer formula membrane wall and convective heat exchange formula screen formula water wall to combine; With useless pot of radiation commonly used in the engineering reality and the useless pot of convection current organic combination; When the high-order sensible heat that makes gasification product obtains efficient recovery; Reduce heat-exchange equipment size and floor space greatly, saved investment, adopted the gas chilling technology to strengthen the operation controllability and the safety of whole synthesis gas process.
In addition, in the synthetic gas cooling room, do not have chemical reaction basically and take place, synthetic gas cooling and slag process of setting are realized through Physical temperature-lowering.During operation, high-temperature synthesis gas is being carried slag secretly and is being got into syngas cooler along following cinder notch, and at inlet zone by low temperature Quench gas Quench, slag is frozen into the grey solid impurity particle of Watch glass attitude rapidly, flows downward with synthetic gas.Then; The heat of synthetic gas is further taken away by the water in the inner core water wall tube through the mode of radiative transfer; Lime-ash is finally fallen into slag bath by thorough curing; Synthetic gas is met to turn back behind the slag bath liquid level and is got into the annular space between syngas cooler inner core water wall and urceolus water wall, and is shielded the formula water wall with the mode of transmission of heat by convection and further lower the temperature, and finally flows out from the outlet of gasification installation side.
The present invention has introduced the theory of classification gasification dexterously; Solved the problem of the indoor regional area of gasification reaction furnace wall overtemperature effectively; Make the high-temperature zone of top fuel gasification flame away from the top wall of gasification reactor chamber; Prolonged the work-ing life of gasification reactor chamber internal protecting wall material, is improved the work-ing life of overhead process burner.Also formed non-slag-slag gasification thus, can realize the theory of " with the anti-slag of slag " smoothly, effectively reduced the oxidation corrosion of high temperature logistics, improved its work-ing life the wall lining material.And the whole efficiency of carbon conversion and the cold gas efficiency of gasification installation also are improved through the classification gasification technology.
In addition, the present invention has also adopted gas chilling technology, radiative transfer and transmission of heat by convection bonded method, and the gasification product that in effective space, will have high-order sensible heat cools off and rough purification, has reached the effect of synthetic gas waste heat recovery and rough purification.At synthetic gas cooling room inlet zone Quench gas is set; Molten state lime-ash particle surface will be solidified rapidly; Greatly reduce grey solid impurity particle and in the process of flowing downward, touch the sedimentary probability of wall, promptly greatly reduce the possibility of the stifled slag of water wall slagging scorification, improved the overall operation safety of device; And make the device structure design reliable through gathering more, significantly reduced total floor space of device.
Though more than described embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that these only illustrate, protection scope of the present invention is limited appended claims.Those skilled in the art can make numerous variations or modification to these embodiments under the prerequisite that does not deviate from principle of the present invention and essence, but these changes and modification all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (23)
1. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit, it comprises a furnace shell, from top to bottom coaxial arrangement has a gasification reactor chamber, a synthetic gas cooling room and a bottom slag bath in said furnace shell, it is characterized in that:
The top of said gasification reactor chamber be provided with one be built-in with an overhead process burner the first burner chamber; The upper side of said gasification reactor chamber along the circumferential direction is provided with one deck second burner chamber; And at the indoor layout one side process burner of each said second burner; Bottom at said gasification reactor chamber also is provided with cinder notch, is communicated with said synthetic gas cooling room through said cinder notch down, and the inwall of said gasification reactor chamber adopts membrane wall;
The upper end of said synthetic gas cooling room is provided with several Quench gas inlets; Be provided with an inner core membrane wall in the said synthetic gas cooling room; One urceolus membrane wall also is set between said synthetic gas cooling room and said furnace shell, and a screen formula water wall is set between said inner core membrane wall and said urceolus membrane wall;
Be equipped with corresponding water wall collection case on said membrane wall, said inner core pattern water wall, said urceolus pattern water wall and the said screen formula water wall.
2. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The water wall form that said cinder notch down adopts coil tube type water wall and shell and tube water wall to combine, said first burner chamber opening and straight section on the said gasification reactor chamber partly adopt the shell and tube water wall.
3. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that said coil tube type water wall, said shell and tube water wall and said membrane wall are that cantilevered or lateral support formula are installed in the said gasification reactor apparatus.
4. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The said first burner chamber, said gasification reactor chamber and said synthetic gas cooling room are coaxial setting, and the vertical range of said second burner chamber and the said first burner chamber lower edge is the 10%-30% of the straight section part height of said gasification reactor chamber.
5. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1 it is characterized in that said side process burner is deflection radially, and radially skew direction is consistent with angle excursion, and said angle excursion is 4 °-6 °.
6. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at least a portion of the said first burner chamber is provided with a spiral coil cooling tube and a fire-resistant packing layer.
7. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that the opening of the said first burner chamber is truncated cone-shaped or dome-shaped.
8. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is indoor that said process burner employing mechanical system is installed on said second burner, and plane, said process burner place is vertical with the wall of said gasification reactor chamber.
9. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, said mechanical system is welding or flange connection.
10. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the height of the straight section part of said gasification reactor chamber is 3:1-8:1 with the diameter ratio.
11. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the indoor said film-type water-cooling wall surface of said gasification reaction is equipped with a high-temperature flame-proof layer.
12. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that the material of said high-temperature flame-proof layer comprises SiC and/or Al
2O
3, the thickness of said high-temperature flame-proof layer is 2-30mm.
13. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 11; It is characterized in that; The bottom of said synthetic gas cooling room is provided with the slag-drip opening that is communicated with said bottom slag bath, and the side that is positioned at the said furnace shell in the said synthetic gas cooling room outside is provided with a syngas outlet.
14. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the number of said screen formula water wall is 4-40, and along the coaxial even layout of the central axis of said synthetic gas cooling room.
15. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 14; It is characterized in that; The number of said screen formula water wall is 10-20, and the height of said screen formula water wall is the 50%-100% of vertical range of bottom of medullary ray to the said inner core membrane wall of said syngas outlet.
16. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, coil tube type water wall or shell and tube water wall are adopted in last reducing place of said synthetic gas cooling room.
17. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the angle of inclination of the following cinder notch of said gasification reactor chamber is 25 °-60 °.
18. dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The said Quench gas inlet that is positioned at the ingress of said synthetic gas cooling room is evenly arranged along annulus; The direction of said Quench gas inlet and the axis angle of said gasification reactor apparatus are 5 °-60 °, and the number of said Quench gas inlet is 4-80.
19. the gasification process of an employing such as each described dry coal powder classification pressurized gasification reaction unit of claim 1-18 is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
S
1, vaporising fuel, water vapour and oxygen are sprayed into a gasification reactor chamber through an overhead process burner, carry out incomplete gasification reaction;
S
2, in the process burner of said side aerating oxygen or oxygen rich gas and water vapour; With the reaction that is gasified totally through the logistics behind the said incomplete gasification reaction, the water vapour and the carbonic acid gas that produce through logistics behind the said incomplete gasification reaction and burning simultaneously carry out the second gasification reaction;
S
3, the gasification product that forms in the gasification discharged by cinder notch once; And get into a synthetic gas cooling room; Said gasification product receives the Quench gas Quench that several Quench gas inlets get into, and carries out heat exchange through an inner core membrane wall, a urceolus membrane wall and a screen formula water wall;
S
4, synthetic gas is discharged said synthetic gas cooling room, lime-ash enters said bottom slag bath.
20. gasification process as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, said step S
1Further comprising the steps of before:
S
11, at the top of said gasification reactor apparatus aerating oxygen, gas or liquid fuel, said gasification reactor apparatus is carried out thermal pretreatment.
21. gasification process as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, said step S
2In in required said oxygen or the said oxygen rich gas oxygen content more than or equal to 21%.
22. gasification process as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, said step S
1In said incomplete gasification reaction form a cold zone, said cold zone is 1000 ℃-1250 ℃ the non-slag of low temperature or fritting slag zone.
23. gasification process as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, said step S
2In the said reaction that is gasified totally form a high-temperature zone with said second gasification reaction back, said high-temperature zone is that 1300 ℃-1600 ℃ full-fusing is regional.
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| CN2012101813202A CN102703129A (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2012-06-04 | Staged-pressurization gasification reaction device for dry pulverized coal and gasification method thereof |
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| CN114525154B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2024-03-29 | 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 | A glass body melting gasification furnace, gasification system and gasification method |
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Application publication date: 20121003 |