CN102709675A - Antenna for satellite communication in motion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication antenna in motion, which comprises two identical square metamaterial plates and a feed source arranged between the two metamaterial plates, the upper edges of the two metamaterial plates are fixedly connected, and the equivalent point of the feed source is The projection on the two metamaterial flat plates coincides with the surface centers of the two metamaterial flat plates, each metamaterial flat plate includes a core layer, and the core layer includes a core layer sheet or a plurality of identical core layer sheets, each The core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped first substrate and a plurality of first artificial microstructures arranged on the first substrate. By precisely designing the refractive index distribution of the core layer sheet, the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source passes through the ultra- The material slab can exit in the form of plane waves, or the vertically incident plane waves sent from the satellite can converge at the feed source after passing through the metamaterial slab. The mobile communication antenna of the present invention replaces the traditional parabolic antenna by combining two sheet-like metamaterial flat plates, which is easy to manufacture and process, and has low cost.

Description

An antenna in motion

technical field

The present invention relates to the communication field, and more specifically, relates to a mobile communication antenna.

Background technique

Mobile Communication is the abbreviation of "Moving Satellite Ground Station Communication System". Through the mobile communication system, vehicles, ships, aircraft and other mobile carriers can track satellites and other platforms in real time during the movement process, and continuously transmit multimedia information such as voice, data, images, etc., which can meet various military and civilian emergency communication and mobile conditions Under the needs of multimedia communication. The mobile communication system solves the problem that various vehicles, ships and other mobile carriers transmit voice, data, high-definition dynamic video images, faxes and other multimedia information in real time through geosynchronous satellites in motion. It is a major breakthrough in the current satellite communication field, which has a strong demand and a fast-growing application field, and has extremely broad development prospects in both military and civilian fields.

As an important part of the mobile communication system, the mobile communication antenna is responsible for the reception and/or transmission of communication signals. Traditional mobile communication antennas generally use parabolic antennas.

However, since the curved surface of the reflective surface of the parabolic antenna is difficult to process and requires high precision, the manufacturing is troublesome and the cost is relatively high.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile communication antenna with simple processing and low manufacturing cost in view of the defects of difficult processing and high cost of the existing mobile communication antennas.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a communication antenna in motion, which includes two identical square metamaterial flat plates and a feed source arranged between the two metamaterial flat plates. The upper edges of the two metamaterial slabs are fixedly connected, and the projection of the equivalent point of the feed source on the two metamaterial slabs coincides with the center point of the surface of the two metamaterial slabs. Under the control of the servo system, the feed source The opening is always facing the metamaterial slab that is closer to the communication satellite, and the two metamaterial slabs have the same refractive index distribution law, and each metamaterial slab includes a core layer, and the core layer includes one core layer sheet or more The same core layer sheet, each core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped first substrate and a plurality of first artificial microstructures arranged on the first substrate, and the refractive index distribution of any core layer sheet satisfies The following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="HDA0000159140270000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout></span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vseg</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Vseg=s+λ×NUMseg;

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; NUMseg</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; floor</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \{</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="HDA0000159140270000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout></span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \}</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Wherein, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius of r on the core layer sheet, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the core layer sheet is the projection of the equivalent point of the feed source on the surface of the core layer sheet;

s is the vertical distance from the feed equivalent point to the metamaterial plate;

n _max represents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;

n _min represents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;

D is the overall thickness of the metamaterial slab;

λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave whose frequency is the center frequency of the antenna;

floor means rounding down;

Among them, the angle between two metamaterial plates is θ,

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; tg</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

L represents the length of the two sides forming the included angle θ of the square metamaterial flat plate.

Further, the first substrate includes a sheet-shaped first front substrate and a first rear substrate, the plurality of first artificial microstructures are sandwiched between the first front substrate and the first rear substrate, and the core The thickness of the ply layer is 0.21-2.5mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5mm.

Further, the thickness of the core layer is 0.543 mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate and the first rear substrate are both 0.254 mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.035 mm.

Further, each metamaterial slab also includes impedance matching layers arranged on both sides of the core layer. The impedance matching layer includes one impedance matching layer sheet or a plurality of impedance matching layer sheets with the same thickness. The impedance matching layer The layer includes a sheet-shaped second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructures disposed on the second substrate, and the refractive index distribution of the one or more impedance matching layers satisfies the following formula:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Among them, n _i (r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the impedance matching layer, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the impedance matching layer is the equivalent point of the feed source on the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer The projection of the plane on which it is located;

Among them, i represents the number of the impedance matching layer. The number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is 1, and the number of the outermost impedance matching layer on both sides is m. From the core layer to the two sides, the numbers are sequential. decrease;

The aforementioned n _max and n _min are respectively the same as the maximum and minimum values of the refractive index of the core layer sheet.

Further, each metamaterial slab also includes impedance matching layers arranged on both sides of the core layer. The impedance matching layer includes one impedance matching layer sheet or a plurality of impedance matching layer sheets with the same thickness. The impedance matching layer The layer includes a sheet-shaped second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructures disposed on the second substrate, each of the impedance matching layers has a single refractive index, and the one or more impedance The refractive index of the matching layer satisfies the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Among them, m represents the total number of layers of the impedance matching layer, and i represents the number of the impedance matching layer, wherein the number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is m, and the number decreases in turn from the core layer to both sides. , the number of the outermost impedance matching layer on both sides is 1.

Further, the second substrate includes a sheet-shaped second front substrate and a second rear substrate, the plurality of second artificial microstructures are interposed between the second front substrate and the second rear substrate, and the impedance The thickness of the matching layer is 0.21-2.5mm, wherein the thickness of the second front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the second rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of second artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5mm .

Further, both the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are metal microstructures composed of copper wires or silver wires, and the metal microstructures are formed by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electronic engraving or ionization. The method of engraving is respectively attached to the first base material and the second base material.

Further, the metal microstructure is in the shape of a plane snowflake, the metal microstructure has a first metal line and a second metal line that are perpendicular to each other, and the length of the first metal line is the same as that of the second metal line. Two first metal branches of the same length are connected at both ends of the first metal line, the two ends of the first metal line are connected at the midpoint of the two first metal branches, and the two ends of the second metal line are connected with the same Two second metal branches of the same length, the two ends of the second metal wire are connected to the midpoint of the two second metal branches, and the length of the first metal branch is equal to that of the second metal branch.

Further, the two ends of each first metal branch and each second metal branch of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure are also connected to identical third metal branches, and the midpoints of the corresponding third metal branches are respectively It is connected with the terminals of the first metal branch and the second metal branch.

Further, the first metal wire and the second metal wire of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure are both provided with two bending parts, and the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure wraps around the first metal wire and the second metal wire The graphs of the intersection points rotated 90 degrees in any direction in the plane where the metal microstructure is located coincide with the original graph.

According to the mobile communication antenna of the present invention, by precisely designing the refractive index distribution of each metamaterial slab, the plane wave at a specific angle can be converged at the feed source after passing through the hollow structure of the metamaterial slab. The material plate combination replaces the traditional parabolic antenna, which is easier to manufacture and process, and the cost is lower. In addition, the overall thickness of the metamaterial plate designed based on this is at the millimeter level, and the overall communication antenna is lighter.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of a metamaterial plate and its corresponding feed source in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of one of the metamaterial units in the core layer of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the core layer sheet of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the impedance matching layer of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the metal microstructure of plane snowflake shape of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a kind of derivation structure of the metal microstructure of plane snowflake shape shown in Fig. 5;

FIG. 7 is a deformed structure of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in FIG. 5 .

Figure 8 is the first stage of the evolution of the topological shape of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure;

Figure 9 is the second stage of the evolution of the topological shape of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of the metamaterial plate and its corresponding feed source in another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna in motion of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the mobile communication antenna on the vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna in motion shown in FIG. 12 passing through the central axis of the feed source.

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, the communication-in-motion antenna DZT of the present invention is loaded on the top position of the mobile carrier YDT (such as vehicle, ship, aircraft), which includes two identical square metamaterial flat plates 100 And the feed source 1 arranged between two metamaterial flat panels 100, the upper edges of the two metamaterial flat panels 100 are fixedly connected, the projection of the feed source equivalent point X on the two metamaterial flat panels is the same as the two metamaterial flat panels The center point of the surface of the plate coincides, as shown in Figure 11, that is, the projection of the feed source equivalent point X on the metamaterial plate 101 coincides with the surface center point O1 of the metamaterial plate 101, and the feed source equivalent point X is on the metamaterial plate 101. The projection on 102 coincides with the surface center point O2 of the metamaterial slab 102, and under the control of the servo system CF, the opening of the feed 1 is always facing the metamaterial slab closer to the communication satellite. In the present invention, the feed source 1 is a traditional corrugated horn, such as the CL11R integrated tuner of Coship Electronics.

The functions of the servo system CF are as follows:

(1) Adjust the rotation of the two metamaterial plates in three-dimensional space, that is, adjust the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the mobile communication antenna, so that the electromagnetic wave emitted by the satellite antenna to be communicated always coincides with one of the mobile communication antennas when it reaches the mobile communication antenna. metamaterial slab vertical;

(2) Realize the three-dimensional scanning of the feed source, so that the opening of the feed source is always facing the metamaterial flat plate closer to the communication satellite, that is, the central axis Z1 of the feed source passes through the surface center point O1 of the metamaterial flat plate 101 or the metamaterial flat plate 102 The center point O2 of the surface.

Compared with the design of only one metamaterial board, the design of two metamaterial boards can make the response of the mobile communication more sensitive, that is, the adjustment of the azimuth angle of the mobile communication antenna does not need to be rotated too much, and only needs to be close to the communication satellite. The metamaterial slab can be aligned with the satellite.

There are many servo systems with the above functions in the prior art, which are not the core of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can easily make servo systems with similar functions according to the above text description, and will not be described in detail here .

In addition, as shown in FIG. 12 , in order to protect the mobile communication antenna DZT (waterproof, sun protection, etc.), the mobile communication antenna can also be covered with a radome TXZ, such as a hemispherical radome.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, the metamaterial slab 100 includes a core layer 10, impedance matching layers 20 disposed on both sides of the core layer, preferably, the two sides of the surface The impedance matching layer 20 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the core layer, the core layer 10 includes a core layer sheet 11 or a plurality of core layer sheets 11 with the same thickness and the same refractive index distribution, and the core layer sheet includes A sheet-shaped first substrate 13 and a plurality of first artificial microstructures 12 disposed on the first substrate 13, the impedance matching layer 20 includes an impedance matching layer sheet 21 or a plurality of impedance matching layers with the same thickness Sheet 21, the impedance matching layer sheet 21 includes a sheet-shaped second substrate 23 and a plurality of second artificial microstructures disposed on the second substrate. The function of the impedance matching layer is to realize the impedance matching from the air to the core layer 10, so as to reduce the electromagnetic wave reflection at the junction between the air and the metamaterial, reduce the loss of electromagnetic wave energy, and improve the satellite TV signal strength.

In the present invention, the refractive index distribution of any core layer sheet satisfies the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="HDA0000159140270000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout></span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vseg</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Vseg=s+λ×NUMseg (2);

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; NUMseg</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; floor</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \{</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="HDA0000159140270000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout></span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \}</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Wherein, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the core layer sheet, and the refractive index distribution center O of the core layer sheet is the projection of the feed source equivalent point X on the surface of the core layer sheet; At the same time, the center O of the refractive index distribution is also the center point of the surface of the core layer sheet.

s is the vertical distance from the feed equivalent point X to the metamaterial flat plate; the equivalent point X of the feed here is actually the feed point of the antenna (the point where the electromagnetic wave is focused in the feed); the equivalent point X of the feed is On the central axis of the feed source, and the equivalent point X of the feed source is at a certain distance from the center of the feed source opening. This distance can be obtained through simulation or actual measurement.

n _max represents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;

n _min represents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;

λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave whose frequency is the center frequency of the antenna;

D is the overall thickness of the metamaterial flat plate. In this embodiment, it refers to the total thickness of the core layer and the impedance matching layer. The number of core layer sheets and impedance matching layer sheets can be set according to different needs. For example, it can be four A core layer sheet, three impedance matching layer sheets on both sides, or three core layer sheets, two impedance matching layer sheets on both sides;

(r处于某一数值范围)大于等于0小于1时，NUMseg取0，当

(r处于某一数值范围)大于等于1小于2时，NUMseg取1，依此类推。floor represents rounding down, for example, when

(r is in a certain value range) greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, NUMseg takes 0, when

(r is in a certain value range) When it is greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2, NUMseg takes 1, and so on.

Wherein, as shown in FIG. 13 , it shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna in motion shown in FIG. 12 passing through the central axis of the feed source (when the feed source opening faces the metamaterial flat plate 102 ).

由三角函数关系可得到：It can be seen from the figure that the angle between two metamaterial plates is θ, and the half angle is

From the trigonometric function relationship, we can get:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; tg</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

L represents the length of the two sides forming the included angle θ of the square metamaterial flat plate.

In summary, it can be seen that the angle θ is determined by the distance s from the equivalent point X of the feed source to the metamaterial plate and the length L of the two sides of the square metamaterial plate forming the angle θ.

The metamaterial plate determined by formula (1) to formula (4) can make the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source exit in the form of a plane wave after passing through the metamaterial plate; similarly, as shown in Figure 1, from formula (1) to The metamaterial slab determined by formula (4) can make the electromagnetic waves emitted by the satellite (which can be regarded as plane waves when reaching the ground) converge at the equivalent point X of the feed source after passing through the metamaterial slab; of course, in the receiving satellite antenna When receiving a signal, the normal direction of the metamaterial slab faces the satellite to be received. As for how to make the normal direction of the metamaterial slab face the satellite to receive the signal, it involves the problem of traditional satellite antenna debugging, that is, the antenna orientation The adjustment of the angle and the pitch angle can be realized by the servo system, which is common knowledge and will not be described here.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the first substrate 13 includes a sheet-shaped first front substrate 131 and a first rear substrate 132, and the plurality of first artificial microstructures 12 are sandwiched between the first front substrate 131 and the first rear substrate 132. between the substrate 131 and the first rear substrate 132 . The thickness of the core layer sheet is 0.5-2mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.5-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.5-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm. Preferably, the core layer has a thickness of 0.543mm, wherein the first front substrate and the first rear substrate both have a thickness of 0.254mm, and the plurality of first artificial microstructures have a thickness of 0.035mm.

In this embodiment, the refractive index distribution of the one or more impedance matching layers satisfies the following formula:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Among them, n _i (r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the impedance matching layer, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the impedance matching layer is the equivalent point of the feed source on the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer The projection of the plane where it is located, preferably, the line between the center of the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer and the center of the refractive index distribution of the core layer is a vertical metamaterial flat plate;

Among them, i represents the number of the impedance matching layer. The number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is 1, and the number of the outermost impedance matching layer on both sides is m. From the core layer to the two sides, the numbers are sequential. decrease;

Here n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the core layer sheet;

The above n _max and n _min are respectively the same as the maximum value and minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;

Specifically, for example, m=2, then the impedance matching layer defined by the formula (5), the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="min"\; filenames="HDA0000159140270000101.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">min</figure-callout></span>}}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

The refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the feed source is:

n ₂ (r) = n _min ;

Of course, the impedance matching layer is not limited thereto, and each of the impedance matching layer sheets may also have a single refractive index, and the refractive index of the one or more impedance matching layer sheets satisfies the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Among them, m represents the total number of layers of the impedance matching layer, and i represents the number of the impedance matching layer, wherein the number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is m, and the number decreases in turn from the core layer to both sides. , the number of the outermost impedance matching layer on both sides is 1, where n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the core layer.

Specifically, for example, m=2, then the impedance matching layer defined by formula (6), the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is:

n(2)=(n _max +n _min )/2;

The refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the feed source is:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

In this embodiment, the second substrate 23 includes a sheet-shaped second front substrate 231 and a second rear substrate 232, and the plurality of second artificial microstructures are sandwiched between the second front substrate 231 and the second rear substrate. Between 232. The thickness of the impedance matching layer is 0.21-2.5 mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1 mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1 mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01 mm. -0.5mm. Preferably, the thickness of the impedance matching layer is 0.543 mm, wherein the thickness of the second front substrate and the second rear substrate are both 0.254 mm, and the thickness of the plurality of second artificial microstructures is 0.035 mm.

In this embodiment, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are metal microstructures composed of copper wires or silver wires, and the metal microstructures are formed by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electronic engraving, etc. Or the method of ion etching is respectively attached to the first substrate and the second substrate. Preferably, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are metal microstructures of multiple different topological shapes obtained by evolution of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in FIG. 5 through topological shape.

In this embodiment, the core layer can be obtained by covering copper on the surface of any one of the first front substrate and the first rear substrate, and then obtaining a plurality of first metal microstructures (multiple first metal microstructures) by etching. The shape and arrangement of the first metal microstructure are obtained by computer simulation in advance), and finally the first front substrate and the first rear substrate are respectively pressed together to obtain the core layer of the present invention. The method of pressing can be It can be directly hot pressed, can also be connected by hot melt adhesive, and of course can also be connected by other mechanical methods, such as bolted connection.

Similarly, the impedance matching layer can also be obtained by the same method. Then a plurality of core layers are laminated together to form the core layer of the present invention; similarly, a plurality of impedance matching layers are laminated to form the impedance matching layer of the present invention; the core layer, The impedance matching layers are laminated together to obtain the metamaterial flat plate of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the first substrate and the second substrate are made of ceramic materials, polymer materials, ferroelectric materials, ferrite materials or ferromagnetic materials. Polymer materials can be selected from F4B composite materials, FR-4 composite materials, etc.

5 is a schematic diagram of a plane snowflake-shaped metal microstructure. The snowflake-shaped metal microstructure has a first metal line J1 and a second metal line J2 that are perpendicular to each other. The lengths of the two metal wires J2 are the same, and the two ends of the first metal wire J1 are connected to two first metal branches F1 of the same length, and the two ends of the first metal wire J1 are connected to the center of the two first metal branches F1. In terms of point, the two ends of the second metal line J2 are connected to two second metal branches F2 of the same length, and the two ends of the second metal line J2 are connected to the midpoint of the two second metal branches F2. The lengths of the first metal branch F1 and the second metal branch F2 are equal.

FIG. 6 is a derivative structure of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure shown in FIG. 5 . Both ends of each first metal branch F1 and each second metal branch F2 are connected to identical third metal branches F3, and the midpoints of the corresponding third metal branches F3 are respectively connected to the first metal branch F1. and the terminal of the second metal branch F2 are connected. By analogy, the present invention can also derive other forms of metal microstructures.

FIG. 7 is a deformed structure of the plane snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in FIG. Both the metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 are provided with two bending parts WZ, but the first metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 are still perpendicularly bisected. The relative position of the metal line and the second metal line makes the pattern of the metal microstructure shown in FIG. 7 rotated 90 degrees in any direction around the axis perpendicular to the intersection of the first metal line and the second metal line coincide with the original figure. In addition, other deformations are also possible, for example, the first metal line J1 and the second metal line J2 are both provided with a plurality of bent portions WZ.

In this embodiment, the core layer sheet 11 can be divided into a plurality of metamaterial units D as shown in FIG. 2 arranged in an array, and each metamaterial unit D includes a front substrate unit U, a rear substrate unit V and a For the first artificial microstructure 12 between the substrate unit U and the rear substrate unit V, usually the length, width and height of the metamaterial unit D are not greater than one-fifth of the wavelength, preferably one-tenth of the wavelength. Therefore, according to the antenna The operating frequency can determine the size of the metamaterial unit D. Fig. 2 is a perspective drawing, to represent the position in the metamaterial unit D of the first artificial microstructure, as shown in Fig. 2, the first artificial microstructure is sandwiched between the substrate unit U and the rear substrate unit V, The surface on which it is located is represented by SR.

其中μ为相对磁导率，ε为相对介电常数，μ与ε合称为电磁参数。实验证明，电磁波通过折射率非均匀的介质材料时，会向折射率大的方向偏折。在相对磁导率一定的情况下(通常接近1)，折射率只与介电常数有关，在第一基材选定的情况下，利用只对电场响应的第一人造微结构可以实现超材料单元折射率的任意值(在一定范围内)，在该天线中心频率下，利用仿真软件，如CST、MATLAB、COMSOL等，通过仿真获得某一特定形状的人造微结构(如图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构)的介电常数随着拓扑形状的变化折射率变化的情况，即可列出一一对应的数据，即可设计出我们需要的特定折射率分布的核心层片层11，同理可以得到阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布。known refractive index

Among them, μ is the relative magnetic permeability, ε is the relative permittivity, and μ and ε are collectively called electromagnetic parameters. Experiments have proved that when electromagnetic waves pass through a dielectric material with a non-uniform refractive index, they will be deflected toward the direction with a large refractive index. In the case of a certain relative magnetic permeability (usually close to 1), the refractive index is only related to the dielectric constant. In the case of the first substrate selected, metamaterials can be realized by using the first artificial microstructure that only responds to the electric field. Any value of the unit refractive index (within a certain range), under the center frequency of the antenna, use simulation software, such as CST, MATLAB, COMSOL, etc., to obtain an artificial microstructure of a specific shape through simulation (as shown in Figure 5 Planar snowflake-like metal microstructure) dielectric constant changes with the change of topological shape, the corresponding data can be listed, and the core layer of the specific refractive index distribution we need can be designed 11. Similarly, the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer can be obtained.

In this embodiment, the structural design of the core layer sheet can be obtained by computer simulation (CST simulation), as follows:

(1) Determine the attachment substrate (first substrate) of the first metal microstructure. For example, a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.25, the material of the dielectric substrate can be FR-4, F4b or PS.

(2) Determine the size of the metamaterial unit. The size of the metamaterial unit is obtained from the center frequency of the antenna, its wavelength is obtained by using the frequency, and a value less than one-fifth of the wavelength is taken as the length CD and width KD of the metamaterial unit D. For example, corresponding to the antenna center frequency of 11.95G, the metamaterial unit D is a small square plate with a length CD and a width KD of 2.8 mm and a thickness HD of 0.543 mm as shown in FIG. 2 .

(3) Determine the material and topology of the metal microstructure. In the present invention, the material of the metal microstructure is copper, and the topological structure of the metal microstructure is a plane snowflake-like metal microstructure shown in Figure 5, and its line width W is consistent everywhere; the topological structure here refers to the topological shape Evolved basic shapes.

(4) Determine the topological shape parameters of the metal microstructure. As shown in FIG. 5 , in the present invention, the topological shape parameters of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure include the line width W of the metal microstructure, the length a of the first metal line J1 , and the length b of the first metal branch F1 .

(5) Determine the evolution constraints of the topological shape of the metal microstructure. In the present invention, the evolution restriction condition of the topological shape of the metal microstructure has, the minimum spacing WL between metal microstructures (that is, as shown in Figure 5, the distance between the metal microstructure and the long side or wide side of the metamaterial unit is WL /2), the line width W of the metal microstructure, and the size of the metamaterial unit; due to the limitation of the processing technology, WL is greater than or equal to 0.1mm, and similarly, the line width W must also be greater than or equal to 0.1mm. In the first simulation, WL can be 0.1mm, W can be 0.3mm, the size of the metamaterial unit is 2.8mm in length and width, and the thickness is 0.543mm. At this time, the topological shape parameters of the metal microstructure are only a and b. variables. The topological shape of the metal microstructure corresponds to a specific frequency (for example, 11.95GHZ) through the evolution shown in Fig. 7 to Fig. 8, and a continuous range of refractive index variation can be obtained.

Specifically, the evolution of the topological shape of the metal microstructure includes two stages (the basic shape of the topological shape evolution is the metal microstructure shown in Figure 5):

The first stage: According to the evolution constraints, under the condition that the value of b remains unchanged, the value of a is changed from the minimum value to the maximum value. except). In this embodiment, the minimum value of a is 0.3 mm (line width W), and the maximum value of a is (CD-WL). Therefore, in the first stage, the evolution of the topological shape of the metal microstructure is shown in Figure 8, that is, it gradually evolves from a square JX1 with side length W to the largest topological shape JD1 of a "cross". In the first stage, as the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves, the refractive index of the corresponding metamaterial unit increases continuously (corresponding to a specific frequency of the antenna).

The second stage: According to the evolution constraints, when a increases to the maximum value, a remains unchanged; at this time, b is continuously increased from the minimum value to the maximum value, and the metal microstructure in this evolution process is planar snowflake shape. In this embodiment, the minimum value of b is 0.3 mm, and the maximum value of b is (CD-WL-2W). Therefore, in the second stage, the evolution of the topological shape of the metal microstructure is shown in Fig. 9, that is, from the largest "ten" topological shape JD1 to the largest planar snowflake-like topological shape JD2, where The largest planar snowflake topological shape JD2 means that the length b of the first metal branch J1 and the second metal branch J2 can no longer be extended, otherwise the first metal branch and the second metal branch will intersect. In the second stage, as the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves, the refractive index of the corresponding metamaterial unit increases continuously (corresponding to a specific frequency of the antenna).

Through the above evolution, if the refractive index variation range of the metamaterial unit includes the continuous variation range from n _min to n _max , it will meet the design requirements. If the range of refractive index variation of the metamaterial unit obtained from the above evolution does not meet the design requirements, for example, the maximum value is too small or the minimum value is too large, then change WL and W, and re-simulate until the desired range of refractive index variation is obtained.

According to formulas (1) to (4), after a series of metamaterial units obtained by simulation are arranged according to their corresponding refractive indices (actually, a plurality of first artificial microstructures with different topological shapes on the first substrate arrangement), that is, the core layer sheet of the present invention can be obtained.

Similarly, the impedance matching layer of the present invention can be obtained according to formulas (5)-(6).

As shown in Figure 10, in another embodiment of the present invention, the metamaterial flat plate 100 and the metamaterial flat plate 200 do not have an impedance matching layer, and their equivalent thickness D is equal to twice the thickness of the core layer, and the others are the same as the above-mentioned The embodiment is the same.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A communication antenna in motion, characterized in that, the communication antenna in motion comprises two identical square metamaterial flat panels and a feed source arranged between the two supermaterial flat panels, the two supermaterial flat panels The upper edge is fixedly connected, and the projection of the equivalent point of the feed source on the two metamaterial plates coincides with the center point of the surface of the two metamaterial plates. Under the control of the servo system, the opening of the feed source is always facing closer to the communication The metamaterial slab of the satellite, the two metamaterial slabs have the same refractive index distribution law, each metamaterial slab includes a core layer, and the core layer includes a core layer sheet or a plurality of identical core layer sheets , each core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped first substrate and a plurality of first artificial microstructures disposed on the first substrate, and the refractive index distribution of any core layer sheet satisfies the following formula: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vseg</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ Vseg=s+λ×NUMseg; $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; NUMseg</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; floor</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \{</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \}</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ Wherein, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius of r on the core layer sheet, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the core layer sheet is the projection of the equivalent point of the feed source on the surface of the core layer sheet; s is the vertical distance from the feed equivalent point to the metamaterial plate; n _max represents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet; n _min represents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet; D is the overall thickness of the metamaterial slab; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave whose frequency is the center frequency of the antenna; floor means rounding down; Among them, the angle between two metamaterial plates is θ, $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; tg</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ L represents the length of the two sides forming the included angle θ of the square metamaterial flat plate. 2. The mobile communication antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first base material comprises a sheet-shaped first front substrate and a first rear substrate, and the plurality of first artificial microstructures are sandwiched between Between the first front substrate and the first rear substrate, the thickness of the core layer is 0.21-2.5mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, The thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm. 3. The mobile communication antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, the thickness of the core layer is 0.543mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate and the first rear substrate are both 0.254mm, a plurality of The thickness of the first artificial microstructure is 0.035mm. 4. The communication-in-motion antenna according to claim 1, wherein each metamaterial slab also includes an impedance matching layer arranged on both sides of the core layer, and the impedance matching layer includes an impedance matching layer sheet or A plurality of impedance matching layers with the same thickness, the impedance matching layer includes a sheet-shaped second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructures arranged on the second substrate, the one or more impedance The refractive index distribution of the matching layer satisfies the following formula: ${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ Among them, n _i (r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the impedance matching layer, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the impedance matching layer is the equivalent point of the feed source on the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer The projection of the plane on which it is located; Among them, i represents the number of the impedance matching layer. The number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is 1, and the number of the outermost impedance matching layer on both sides is m. From the core layer to the two sides, the numbers are sequential. decrease; The aforementioned n _max and n _min are respectively the same as the maximum and minimum values of the refractive index of the core layer sheet. 5. The communication-in-motion antenna according to claim 1, wherein each metamaterial slab also includes an impedance matching layer arranged on both surfaces of the core layer, and the impedance matching layer includes an impedance matching layer sheet or A plurality of impedance matching layers with the same thickness, the impedance matching layer includes a sheet-shaped second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructures arranged on the second substrate, each impedance matching layer The sheet has a single refractive index, and the refractive index of the one or more impedance matching layer sheets satisfies the following formula: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ Among them, m represents the total number of layers of the impedance matching layer, and i represents the number of the impedance matching layer, wherein the number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is m, and the number decreases in turn from the core layer to both sides. , the number of the outermost impedance matching layer on both sides is 1. 6. The mobile communication antenna according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that, the second substrate comprises a sheet-shaped second front substrate and a second rear substrate, and the plurality of second artificial micro The structure is interposed between the second front substrate and the second rear substrate, and the thickness of the impedance matching layer is 0.21-2.5 mm, wherein the thickness of the second front substrate is 0.1-1 mm, and the thickness of the second rear substrate is is 0.1-1 mm, and the thickness of the plurality of second artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm. 7. The mobile communication antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are metal microstructures composed of copper wires or silver wires, and the metal microstructures They are respectively attached to the first substrate and the second substrate by means of etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or ion etching. 8. The mobile communication antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, the metal microstructure is in the shape of a plane snowflake, and the metal microstructure has a first metal wire and a second metal wire that are perpendicular to each other and bisect each other. The length of the first metal wire is the same as that of the second metal wire, two first metal branches of the same length are connected to both ends of the first metal wire, and two ends of the first metal wire are connected to the two first metal branches. At the midpoint, the two ends of the second metal line are connected to two second metal branches of the same length, the two ends of the second metal line are connected to the midpoint of the two second metal branches, and the first metal The branch is equal in length to the second metal branch. 9. The mobile communication antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, the two ends of each first metal branch and each second metal branch of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure are also connected with exactly the same For the third metal branch, the middle points of the corresponding third metal branch are respectively connected with the end points of the first metal branch and the second metal branch. 10. The mobile communication antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, the first metal wire and the second metal wire of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure are both provided with two bending parts, and the planar snowflake The shape of the metal microstructure rotated 90 degrees in any direction around the intersection of the first metal line and the second metal line in the plane where the metal microstructure is located coincides with the original figure.

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