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CN102636001A - Method for cooling a single or multi-component flow - Google Patents

Method for cooling a single or multi-component flow Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102636001A
CN102636001A CN201210077609XA CN201210077609A CN102636001A CN 102636001 A CN102636001 A CN 102636001A CN 201210077609X A CN201210077609X A CN 201210077609XA CN 201210077609 A CN201210077609 A CN 201210077609A CN 102636001 A CN102636001 A CN 102636001A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
refrigerant mixture
fraction
compressed
boiling refrigerant
component
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Granted
Application number
CN201210077609XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102636001B (en
Inventor
H·鲍尔
A·布勃
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Publication of CN102636001B publication Critical patent/CN102636001B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0219—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0291—Refrigerant compression by combined gas compression and liquid pumping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream, in particular a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant mixture of a refrigerant mixture circuit. The refrigerant mixture is compressed in at least two stages and is separated into a lower-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction compressed to the ultimate pressure of the refrigerant mixture circuit and at least one higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction compressed to an intermediate pressure. The latter is pumped (P11) to the pressure of the former and the two fractions are combined before or immediately on commencement of indirect heat exchange.

Description

用于冷却单组分或多组分的流的方法Method for cooling single-component or multi-component streams

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及通过与制冷剂混合物回路的制冷剂混合物的间接热交换而冷却单组分或多组分的流尤其是富含烃的馏分的方法，其中所述制冷剂混合物以至少二级进行压缩，并分离成被压缩至制冷剂混合物回路的最终压力的较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分和至少一种被压缩至中间压力的较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分。The invention relates to a process for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream, especially a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, by indirect heat exchange with a refrigerant mixture of a refrigerant mixture circuit, wherein said refrigerant mixture is compressed in at least two stages , and separated into a lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction compressed to the final pressure of the refrigerant mixture circuit and at least one higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction compressed to an intermediate pressure.

背景技术 Background technique

例如DE-C 197 22 490公开了一种此类用于冷却单组分或多组分的流的方法。此类冷却或液化方法例如可以应用在基本负荷型液化设备中。在此，较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分和较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分与待冷却或待液化的流相对地蒸发至不同的温度水平。利用该分离地引导流的方法，可以有利地影响在一个或多个热交换器中产生的温度分布曲线。但是与没有实施此类分离的混合物回路相比，在DE-C 197 22 490中所述的方法在设备和控制技术方面要求更高的成本。For example DE-C 197 22 490 discloses a method of this type for cooling single-component or multi-component streams. Such cooling or liquefaction methods can be applied, for example, in baseload liquefaction plants. Here, the lower-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction and the higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction evaporate to different temperature levels opposite the stream to be cooled or liquefied. With this method of separately guiding the flow, it is possible to advantageously influence the temperature profile which occurs in one or more heat exchangers. However, the method described in DE-C 197 22 490 requires higher costs in terms of equipment and control technology than a mixture circuit without such a separation.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提出此类用于冷却单组分或多组分的流的方法，该方法尤其是适用于液化富含烃的流，该方法在设备和/或控制技术方面要求的成本更低。The object of the present invention is to propose such a method for cooling single-component or multi-component streams, which method is especially suitable for liquefying hydrocarbon-rich streams, which requires more cost in terms of equipment and/or control technology. Low.

为实现该目的，本发明建议此类用于冷却单组分或多组分的流的方法，其特征在于，将较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分泵送(泵压)至较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分的压力，并且在间接热交换之前或开始时立即与较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分汇合。To this end, the invention proposes a method of this type for cooling single-component or multi-component streams, characterized in that the higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction is pumped (pumped) to the lower boiling refrigerant The pressure of the refrigerant mixture fraction is reduced and combined with the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction immediately before or at the beginning of the indirect heat exchange.

由于根据本发明设计的将较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分和较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分汇聚到一起，可以降低设备和/或控制技术方面的成本。但是，在此不会增加制冷剂混合物回路的能量消耗。额外的投资成本及运行成本是由于额外设置的泵所导致的，该泵用于将较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分泵送至较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分的压力。Due to the confluence of the higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction and the lower-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction designed according to the invention, the costs in terms of equipment and/or control technology can be reduced. However, the energy consumption of the refrigerant mixture circuit is not increased here. The additional capital and operating costs are due to the additional pump provided to pump the higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction to the pressure of the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction.

根据本发明的用于冷却单组分或多组分的流的方法的其他有利的实施方案，即从属权利要求的主题，其特征在于，Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream, which are the subject-matter of the dependent claims, are characterized in that

-以一级或多级泵送较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分，及- pumping higher boiling refrigerant mixture fractions in one or more stages, and

-较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分和较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分在热交换器的一个专门为此构造的区域内进行汇合或混合。- The higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction and the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction are joined or mixed in a region of the heat exchanger specially configured for this purpose.

下面借助附图中所示的实施例更详细地阐述根据本发明的用于冷却单组分或多组分的流的方法及其其他有利的实施方案。The method according to the invention for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream and other advantageous embodiments thereof are explained in more detail below with the aid of an example shown in the drawing.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1所示为一个根据本发明的实施方案。Figure 1 shows an embodiment according to the invention.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

图1所示为用于冷却和液化富含烃的、含有氮的进料馏分的方法，其中将获得高度浓缩的氮馏分的过程整合在液化过程中。此类方法例如是未预先公开的DE-A 10 2009 038 458的主题。通过援引此文件，将其公开的全部内容引入本专利申请。Figure 1 shows a process for cooling and liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-containing feed fraction, wherein the process of obtaining a highly concentrated nitrogen fraction is integrated in the liquefaction process. Such methods are, for example, the subject of DE-A 10 2009 038 458, which is not previously published. By citing this document, the entire disclosure content thereof is incorporated into this patent application.

富含烃的、含有氮的进料馏分首先经由管道100输送至任选设置的干燥单元A，随后经由管道101输送至热交换器E1。在该热交换器中，进料馏分与尚待描述的工艺流相对地进行液化和过冷。过冷的进料馏分经由其中设置有减压阀d的管道102输送至分离塔T1。富含烃的、含有氮的馏分从分离塔的塔底经由管道106排出，并在热交换器E4中过冷。该馏分在阀e中减压之后经由管道区段107和108输送至分离器D1。液态LNG产品馏分从该分离器的塔底经由管道109排出，并输送至LNG贮存罐L。The hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-containing feed fraction is first conveyed via line 100 to an optionally provided drying unit A and subsequently via line 101 to heat exchanger E1. In this heat exchanger, the feed fraction is liquefied and subcooled against the still-to-be-described process stream. The subcooled feed fraction is sent to the separation column T1 via line 102 in which a pressure reducing valve d is arranged. The hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-containing fraction is withdrawn from the bottom of the separation column via line 106 and is subcooled in heat exchanger E4. This fraction is conveyed via conduit sections 107 and 108 to separator D1 after depressurization in valve e. The liquid LNG product fraction is discharged from the bottom of the separator through a pipeline 109 and sent to the LNG storage tank L.

高度浓缩的氮馏分从分离塔T1的塔顶经由管道104排出；其氮含量通常在90与100体积％之间。该氮馏分在热交换器E4和E1中与待冷却的工艺流相对地进行加热，随后经由管道105从该过程排出。A highly concentrated nitrogen fraction is withdrawn from the top of the separation column T1 via line 104; its nitrogen content is generally between 90 and 100% by volume. This nitrogen fraction is heated in heat exchangers E4 and E1 against the process stream to be cooled and then withdrawn from the process via line 105 .

为了执行在分离塔T1中进行的分离过程，将侧取馏分(Seitenfraktion)经由管道103排出，在热交换器E4中冷却，并作为回流输送至分离塔T1。To carry out the separation process in the separation column T1 , a side draw is withdrawn via line 103 , cooled in a heat exchanger E4 and fed as reflux to the separation column T1 .

富含氮的馏分在分离器D1的塔顶处经由管道112排出。在该馏分中经由管道110混入来自LNG贮存罐L的借助压缩机C2压缩的蒸发气体(Boil-Off-Gas)。将该流经由管道113输送至热交换器E1，并与待冷却的工艺流相对地进行加热。该加热的流经由管道114输送至优选多级设置的压缩机单元C1，在其中压缩至所期望的液化压力，随后经由管道115混入进料馏分100中。若有需要或者任选地，还可以设置胺洗装置A′。The nitrogen-enriched fraction is withdrawn via line 112 at the top of separator D1. The boil-off gas (boil-off-gas) compressed by the compressor C2 from the LNG storage tank L is mixed into this fraction via the line 110 . This stream is sent via line 113 to heat exchanger E1 and heated opposite the process stream to be cooled. This heated stream is sent via line 114 to a compressor unit C1 , preferably in a multi-stage arrangement, where it is compressed to the desired liquefaction pressure and then mixed into the feed fraction 100 via line 115 . If necessary or optionally, an amine washing unit A' can also be provided.

若将最终产品LNG中的氮浓度限制在1体积％以内，则尤其是可以采用上述方法。否则，在更高的氮浓度的情况下，在LNG贮存罐内由于不同的密度会出现非期望且危险的分层现象。This is especially possible if the nitrogen concentration in the final product LNG is limited to 1% by volume. Otherwise, in the case of higher nitrogen concentrations, undesired and dangerous stratification phenomena would occur in the LNG storage tank due to the different densities.

根据本发明构造的制冷剂混合物回路1至9包括二级压缩机单元C11、设置在该压缩机单元上游的分离器D10以及两个设置在这两个压缩级下游的分离器D11和D12。此外，与DE-C 197 22 490中所述的方法不同的是，具有以一级或多级设置的泵或者泵单元P11。The refrigerant mixture circuits 1 to 9 constructed according to the invention comprise a two-stage compressor unit C11 , a separator D10 arranged upstream of this compressor unit and two separators D11 and D12 arranged downstream of the two compression stages. Furthermore, in contrast to the method described in DE-C 197 22 490, there are pumps or pump units P11 arranged in one or more stages.

将在热交换器E1中与待液化的进料流101相对地蒸发的制冷剂混合物经由管道1输送至前述的分离器D10。将从该分离器的塔顶经由管道2排出的气相输送至压缩机单元C11的第一压缩级，并利用其压缩至所期望的中间压力。将经压缩的制冷剂混合物经由管道3流经后冷却器E11之后输送至分离器D11。将较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分从该分离器的塔底经由管道5排出，并借助泵或者泵单元E11泵送至尚待描述的气态的较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分的压力。将该液态馏分经由其中设置有调节阀b的管道5′输送至热交换器E1的入口上游。The refrigerant mixture evaporated in the heat exchanger E1 opposite the feed stream 101 to be liquefied is conveyed via line 1 to the aforementioned separator D10 . The gaseous phase discharged from the top of the separator via line 2 is fed to the first compression stage of compressor unit C11 and compressed therewith to the desired intermediate pressure. The compressed refrigerant mixture flows through the aftercooler E11 via the pipe 3 and then is sent to the separator D11. The higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction is withdrawn from the bottom of the separator via line 5 and pumped by means of a pump or pump unit E11 to the pressure of the gaseous lower-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction yet to be described. This liquid fraction is conveyed upstream of the inlet of the heat exchanger E1 via a line 5' in which a regulating valve b is arranged.

将从分离器D11经由管道4排出的气相输送至压缩机单元11的第二压缩级，并利用其压缩至制冷剂混合物回路的所期望的最终压力。将经压缩的制冷剂混合物经由管道6流经后冷却器E12之后输送至分离器D12。在该分离器的塔底产生的液态馏分经由其中设置有调节阀c的管道7送回至分离器D11的入口上游。将压缩至所期望的最终压力的气态的较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分在分离器D12的塔顶处经由管道8排出，并同样输送至热交换器E1。The gaseous phase discharged from the separator D11 via line 4 is fed to the second compression stage of the compressor unit 11 and compressed therewith to the desired final pressure of the refrigerant mixture circuit. The compressed refrigerant mixture is sent to the separator D12 after passing through the aftercooler E12 via the line 6 . The liquid fraction produced at the bottom of this separator is sent back upstream of the inlet of the separator D11 via line 7 in which a regulating valve c is arranged. The gaseous lower-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction compressed to the desired final pressure is discharged at the top of separator D12 via line 8 and likewise fed to heat exchanger E1 .

根据本发明，将液态和气态的制冷剂混合物馏分5′和8在热交换器E1中进行的热交换之前或开始时立即汇合，并作为两相流输送至热交换器E1。该两相的制冷剂混合物在热交换器E1中在压力下进行冷却，并在此完全液化。将该制冷剂混合物在热交换器E1的冷端经由管道9排出，在阀a内减压，随后在重新流经热交换器E1的过程中完全蒸发。According to the invention, liquid and gaseous refrigerant mixture fractions 5' and 8 are combined immediately before or at the start of the heat exchange in heat exchanger E1 and fed to heat exchanger E1 as a two-phase flow. The two-phase refrigerant mixture is cooled under pressure in the heat exchanger E1 and completely liquefied there. The refrigerant mixture is discharged at the cold end of the heat exchanger E1 via line 9, decompressed in valve a, and then evaporates completely during reflow through the heat exchanger E1.

与DE-C 197 22 490中所述的方法不同，在根据本发明的方法中，不会针对性地对在热交换器E1中的温度分布曲线施加影响。因为这在许多应用情况下是不需要的，所以根据本发明的方法在设备和/或控制技术方面的成本更低，在许多应用情况下是有利的。In contrast to the method described in DE-C 197 22 490, in the method according to the invention no targeted influence is exerted on the temperature profile in the heat exchanger E1. Since this is not required in many applications, the method according to the invention is less expensive in terms of equipment and/or control technology, which is advantageous in many applications.

Claims (3)

1.通过与制冷剂混合物回路的制冷剂混合物的间接热交换而冷却单组分或多组分的流尤其是富含烃的馏分的方法，其中所述制冷剂混合物以至少二级进行压缩，并分离成被压缩至制冷剂混合物回路的最终压力的较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分和至少一种被压缩至中间压力的较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分，其特征在于，将所述较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分(5)泵送(P11)至所述较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分(8)的压力，并且在所述间接热交换(E1)之前或开始时立即与所述较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分(8)汇合。1. Method for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream, especially a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, by indirect heat exchange with a refrigerant mixture of a refrigerant mixture circuit, wherein said refrigerant mixture is compressed in at least two stages, and separated into a lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction compressed to the final pressure of the refrigerant mixture circuit and at least one higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction compressed to an intermediate pressure, characterized in that the higher The boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (5) is pumped (P11) to the pressure of the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (8) and immediately before or at the start of the indirect heat exchange (E1) with the lower The low-boiling refrigerant mixture fractions (8) are combined. 2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，以一级或多级泵送(P11)所述较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分(5)。2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (5) is pumped (P11) in one or more stages. 3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，所述较高沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分(5′)和所述较低沸点的制冷剂混合物馏分(8)在所述热交换器(E1)的一个专门为此构造的区域内进行汇合或混合。3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (5') and said lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (8) are separated in said heat exchanger ( E1) take place in a zone specially constructed for this purpose for merging or mixing.
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