CN102609402B - Device and method for generating and managing ontology model based on real-time policy - Google Patents
Device and method for generating and managing ontology model based on real-time policy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for generation and management of an ontology model based on an on-the-fly strategy. The device comprises an ontology editor, a model generator, a model display, an ontology querier and the like. A user uses the ontology editor to edit an ontology file, uses the model generator to generate the ontology model in real time, uses the model display to display element relationships in the ontology model, and uses the ontology querier to query the relationships in the current ontology model. The method includes: dividing main content of the ontology model file into a static part and a dynamic part which is text information of the current ontology file at an editing position via analyzing the ontology model file; using an automat to extract static information of the current ontology file from the static part so as to generate a corresponding model; dynamically extracting and binding modified assignment at a current state position to generate a model progressively. The device and the method for generation and management of the ontology model based on the on-the-fly strategy are capable of rebuilding the model for necessary parts, so that time of model generating is reduced and system resources are saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Ontology Modeling field, to the structure of domain body and management, be specifically related to provide a kind of ontology model generation and management devices and method based on On-the-Fly strategy.
Background technology
At present, in some Ontology Editing Tools that company at home and abroad and research institution realize, some also has the function that Visualization Model generates.This be the most also wherein the most widely used be the Ontology Editing Tool of medical college of Stanford Univ USA (Stanford Medical informatics) exploitation.Model generation is not its main function, and it can only clearly show the hierarchical relationship of class in body and class aspect model generation; And can not represent the role relation in body.
In computer science and information science field, body (ontology) refers to a kind of " formal, for the clear and definite and detailed explanation of shared ideas system ".Body provides a kind of shared vocabulary, namely those object types that exist or concept and attribute and mutual relationship among specific area.Ontology Language refers to for building the formal language of body.It is a kind of descriptive language, makes that user can write clearly for domain model, formal conceptual description, meets the syntax and semantics of good definition, has sufficient ability to express etc.Along with deepening continuously of ontology research, the multiple ontology describing language that has been born, such as RDF, RDF-S, OWL, XOL etc.Between them, there is close contact, belong to different levels descriptive language in W3C (global World Wide Web Consortium) Ontology Language stack, and all based on XML.
It is a kind of text message, domain knowledge and data to be converted into visual representation that ontology file is carried out to visual modeling, with this, provides a kind of supplementary means to ontology file fast understanding.The Ontology Modeling of application relates to the various aspects such as the example, related notion of a large amount of varigrained concepts in this field, attribute that concept has, concept.Ontology model is comprised of the different levels concept connecting each other, the attribute of concept and the example of concept, and existing upper and lower hierarchical relationship, has again the parallel relation between concept.Therefore the extraction of some static informations such as concept and relation is the prerequisite that ontology model builds.
Automat is the mathematical model of finite state.Each state can move to zero or a plurality of state, and input word string determines to carry out the migration of which state.Automat is not only valuable in theory, and it has also obtained application in fields such as text-processings.The tree automaton of for example processing for XML document.By scanning XML document, obtain independently element, structural knot tree then, each node represent one can be mutual with it object.This mode all will be resolved XML document before the whole document node tree of structure, and advantage is all information of one parsing reserving document, clear accurate, convenient arbitrarily access.Domain body has larger ontology file conventionally, because related conceptual relation is very complicated in a field, so what run in to Domain Ontology Modeling can be all ontology file larger, the Relationship Comparison complexity of describing substantially, and when carrying out modeling to domain body, automat will take ample resources, expense is very large, can greatly reduce the usability of computing machine.
Summary of the invention
While the present invention is directed to based on automat parsing body, take resource large, parsing effect is bad, and when document is larger, the problem that causes computing machine usability to reduce, has proposed a kind of ontology model generation and management devices and method based on On-the-Fly strategy.Based on automat, resolve bulk process with tradition and compare, the present invention need to not regenerate model at every turn after ontology file being edited, and only the part for needs rebuilds model, is conducive to shorten the time of model generation, saves system resource.
A kind of ontology model based on On-the-Fly strategy that the present invention proposes generates and management devices, comprising: ontology editor, model generator, models show device, Ontology Query device, ontology library, database and user interface.
In ontology editor, comprise syntax rule storehouse and template base, the ontology file of user's newly-built blank in ontology editor or utilize the newly-built ontology file of template in module library to edit, or the ontology file reading in ontology library is edited, the ontology file after editor is saved in ontology library; Ontology editor provides the maintenance function that ontology file is imported, derives, preserved and deletes.Ontology library is used for preserving ontology file.
Model generator reads the ontology file completing when pre-editing in ontology editor, and resolve the data in ontology file, obtain the static information of ontology file and the text message of Editorial Services, the ontology model generation method of employing based on On-the-Fly strategy generates ontology model, specifically: adopt automat to extract the model of the static information structure ontology file static part in current ontology file, then on the basis of the model based on static part, in real time for the text message of ontology file Editorial Services, dynamically extract and bind the assignment of modification, go forward one by one and generate final ontology model.
The ontology model that models show device generates model generator, carry out visual demonstration, provide two kinds of graphics modes to demonstrate intuitively the relation of relation, example and class and the relation of example and example of class and class in ontology model, two kinds of graphics modes are: the subclass by circulation searching node generates dendrogram, and generate associated diagram by searching the neighbor node of node.
The request of Ontology Query device analyzing user queries, carries out inquiry at model generator on the ontology model generating, obtain Query Result and return to user interface.
User interface provides a visual graphical interfaces to user, user is by operating user interface ontology editor or input user inquiry request, user interface passes user's inquiry request is to Ontology Query device, and the Query Result that Ontology Query device is returned is shown to user.
The ontology model generation of On-the-Fly strategy of the present invention and a management method for management platform, specifically:
Step 1: user by user interface in ontology editor inediting ontology file, specifically in ontology editor, the ontology file of newly-built blank is edited, or utilize the newly-built ontology file of template in module library to edit, or the ontology file reading in ontology library is edited; In described ontology editor, comprise syntax rule storehouse and template base;
Step 2: the ontology file that editor is completed is saved in ontology library, simultaneously user as required, by ontology editor to ontology file import, derive, preservation or deletion action;
Step 3: model generator reads the ontology file completing when pre-editing in ontology editor, and resolve ontology file, obtain the static information of ontology file and the text message of Editorial Services, adopt the ontology model generation method based on On-the-Fly strategy to generate ontology model;
Step 4: the relation of relation, example and class and the relation of example and example of class and class in the ontology model that models show device generates model generator, provide two kinds of graphics modes to show intuitively, two kinds of graphics modes are: the subclass by circulation searching node generates dendrogram, and generate associated diagram by searching the neighbor node of node;
Step 5: if the text model showing is different with expection, user recalls ontology file and modifies in ontology editor, then goes to step 2 execution;
Step 6: user inputs user's inquiry request by user interface, user interface passes user's inquiry request is to Ontology Query device, the request of Ontology Query device analyzing user queries, on the ontology model generating at model generator, carry out inquiry, obtain Query Result and return to user interface and be shown to user.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
(1) retained advantage-efficient, the flexible and versatility of the ontology information extracting method based on automat, meanwhile, the semantic primitive Partial Reconstruction model in conjunction with On-the-Fly strategy for editor, makes model generation faster, and system resource takies still less.
(2) provide ontology file editing environment, comprise for grammer detects automatically syntax rule storehouse and editing template storehouse, simplify the process of Ontology Modeling, improved modeling efficiency.
(3) abundant integration of user interaction functionality is convenient to from various aspects, model be analyzed.
(4) inquiry of graphics wizard mode can not only inquire the result that will retrieve, can show the context relation of the information that is retrieved simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction figure of ontology model generation of the present invention and management devices;
Fig. 2 is the overall flow figure of ontology model generation of the present invention and management method;
Fig. 3 is the process schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the ontology model generation method of On-the-Fly strategy;
Fig. 4 is the exemplary plot that automat extracts body static information;
The schematic diagram of the graphical show state of ontology model that Fig. 5 provides for user interface of the present invention;
The process schematic diagram of Fig. 6 for adopting the present invention to carry out Ontology inquiry.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
First, On-the-Fly technology is described, the behavior of the dynamic appearance that On-the-Fly refers to, but not inevitable outcome static, that predetermined behavior causes, literal translate as " real-time, instant ".In fact in ontology file editing process, it is exactly dynamic factor that user edits ontology file, and its variable effect the last ontology model generating.Adopt On-the-Fly strategy, by the dynamic factor in the ontology file of location and its coverage, only the scope of Change impact separated again.Can effectively alleviate so the too fast problem of automat document analysis resource overhead.
The present invention adopts C/S (Client/Server, the client/server) architecture design based on RCP (Rich Client Platform, rich client platform) and realizes ontology model and generates and management devices.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of ontology model generation and management devices based on On-the-Fly strategy of the present invention comprises following part: ontology editor 1, model generator 2, models show device 3, Ontology Query device 4, ontology library 5, database 6 and user interface 7.
Ontology editor 1 comprises syntax rule storehouse and template base, and the ontology rule of formulating according to syntax rule storehouse instructs the editor of domain body file, and provides the maintenance functions such as importing, derivation, preservation, deletion to ontology file.Ontology editor 1 comprises text edit box, properties view and class view three parts.Text edit box is for the direct editing to ontology file; All classes that class view comprises for show ontology file, locate class position hereof fast; Properties view is for showing the attribute that class has, i.e. relation between class and class.User can newly-built blank in ontology editor 1 ontology file edit, or utilize the newly-built ontology file of template in module library to edit, or the ontology file reading in ontology library 5 is edited, the ontology file after editor is saved in ontology library 5.Ontology editor 1 has grammer measuring ability, specifically refer to: from the document statement of ontology file, check whether each beginning label and end mark occur in pairs, whether element is correctly nested, do not allow to occur intersecting nested phenomenon, in text, can not have single beginning label or single end mark to occur.Different grammar mistake is used to the highlighted demonstration of different colours.
The ontology model that 3 pairs of model generators of models show device 2 generate, carries out visual demonstration.Models show device 3 demonstrates the relation of relation, example and class and the relation of example and example of class and class intuitively with two kinds of different graphics modes.The subclass that is circulation searching node generates a dendrogram, and another kind of graphics mode is that the neighbor node of constantly searching node generates associated diagram.Models show device 3 provides integration of user interaction functionality by various mouse event audiomonitors, and response user input, completes functions such as comprising translation, convergent-divergent, class-hierarchy structure gragh demonstration, relational structure figure demonstration, example demonstration.Models show device 3 also provides ontology model export function, ontology model can be derived and is preserved with picture mode.
On the ontology model that Ontology Query device 4 generates at model generator 2, carry out the user's inquiry request after resolving, call querying method and retrieve, and return to Query Result to user interface 7.Querying method is mainly retrieval based on key word and based on two kinds of modes of visual interactive inquiry.
Retrieval mode based on key word, refers to the search key of inputting according in user's inquiry request, obtains the list of the model element of all and keyword match, and the element in list is further inquired about.An element (described element is a class) in selecting the results list, just can obtain an induced subgraph of ontology model associated diagram, the adjacent summit in summit and all and selected summit corresponding to class that comprises selection in this subgraph, and all limits between these summits.Resulting induced subgraph is exactly Query Result.
Based on visual interactive inquiry mode, refer to and utilize mouse to carry out alternately with the topological pel (summit and limit) showing, to inquire about model element (class, the example of their representatives, object properties) details, these information return to user by the form with data form.The details of class should comprise the name of class, and name, the type of all data type attributes of class; The details of example should comprise name, the subordinate class of example, and the name of all properties of example, type and value; The details of object properties should comprise the relation between class and class.
The structure of body is a five-tuple O:={C, R, H
c, rel, A
0, wherein C represents concept, R represents relation, H
cthe level that represents concept, for example H
c(C1, C2) represents that C1 is the sub-concept of C2, and rel represents the relation between concept, and for example rel (R)=(C1, C2) represents to have the R of relation, A between concept C1 and concept C2
0represent the one group of body axiom representing with certain logical language.In ontology file, there are three kinds of expression modes:
Sentence pattern 1:< constructor mark=concept title | relationship type >, for example <owl:class rdf:ID=Sunboard>;
Sentence pattern 2:< constructor mark=concept title | relationship type/>, for example <owl:class rdf:ID=Sunboard/>;
Sentence pattern 3:</ constructor >, for example </owl:class>.
Wherein, constructor is divided into essential structure and is related to constructor, and essential structure is described the key concepts such as class (Class), attribute (Property), example (Instance); Be related to that constructor describes class and inherit the relations such as (subClassOf), inheritance of attribute (subPropertyOf), codomain (Range), field of definition (Domain).With A, B, C, represent sentence pattern 1, sentence pattern 2 and sentence pattern 3 respectively, with a, b, c, represent constructor, token name, concept title | relationship type, with W, represent sentence set, with T, represent name-value pair, the grammer of body can represent by the following syntax:
1、S＝＞AWC
2、W＝＞AWCW|BW
3、W＝＞AC|B
4、A＝＞<a>|<aT>
5、B＝＞<aT/>
6、C＝＞</a>
7、T＝＞b＝c
Wherein constructor a and corresponding concept title | relationship type c is the static information that need to extract.Static part directly adopts automat to extract static information in current ontology file and constructs corresponding model.
Dynamic part is the text message of current ontology file Editorial Services.Specifically by semantic primitive, detect and model dynamic modify, generate the model of real-time text.Semantic primitive detects, and input is the statement of Editorial Services, and the object of detection is the coverage that the statement of pre-editing is worked as in judgement, is output as the minimum semantic primitive when the statement place of pre-editing.Model dynamic modify, input is the minimum semantic primitive that semantic primitive detects, output is the semantic primitive model generating, and is substituted into the position of corresponding former semantic primitive in original text model.
Semantic primitive detects detailed process: the position of first recording edit statements place, the number P > 0 of edit statements, may revise a place also may repeatedly revise, the place of editing since the first place, first judge that whether this edit statements is complete, if statement is complete, judge sentence pattern under this edit statements, A type, Type B or C type, then upwards retrieve nearest A type statement, and retrieve corresponding C type statement downwards, now AWC is the minimum semantic primitive at edit statements place.Repeat this process, until all semantic primitives of being edited are identified.
Model dynamic modify detailed process is: using the model of the static part that adopts automat extraction static information to construct as master mould.For detect each semantic primitive identifying by semantic primitive, first travel through master mould, locate the position of this semantic primitive in model, then adopt automat to generate the "current" model of this semantic primitive, finally with the "current" model generating, replace the position of semantic primitive in master mould.Repeat this process, until all semantic primitives of being edited (namely all semantic primitives that identify that detected by semantic primitive) model corresponding in master mould is all replaced, finally obtain needed ontology model.
As shown in Figure 2, ontology model generation and the management method based on ontology model generation provided by the invention and management devices is specially:
Step 1: ontology editor 1 comprises syntax rule storehouse and template base, user carries out the editor of ontology file on ontology editor 1 by user interface 7.User can use the original template providing in template base directly to edit, and also can use blank template to edit.User also can open existing ontology file, and edits thereon.Meanwhile, ontology editor 1 also provides and according to the syntax rule defining in syntax rule storehouse, document editing part is carried out the function of grammer detection, and miscue service is provided.Ontology editor 1 has grammer measuring ability, specifically refer to: from the document statement of ontology file, check whether each beginning label and end mark occur in pairs, whether element is correctly nested, do not allow to occur intersecting nested phenomenon, in text, can not have single beginning label or single end mark to occur.Different grammar mistake is used to the highlighted demonstration of different colours.
Step 2: the ontology file that editor is completed is saved in ontology library 5, simultaneously user as required, by 1 pair of ontology file of ontology editor import, derive, preservation or deletion action.
Step 3: model generator 2 reads the ontology file completing when pre-editing in ontology editor 1, and resolve this ontology file, extract wherein key message, obtain the static information of ontology file and the text message of Editorial Services, the ontology model generation method of employing based on On-the-Fly strategy generates ontology model, specifically: adopt automat to extract the model of the static information structure ontology file static part in current ontology file, then on the basis of the model based on static part, in real time for the text message of ontology file Editorial Services, dynamically extract and bind the assignment of modification, go forward one by one and generate final ontology model.
Step 4: the relation of relation, example and class and the relation of example and example of class and class in the ontology model that 3 pairs of model generators of models show device 2 generate, provide two kinds of graphics modes to show intuitively, two kinds of graphics modes are: the subclass by circulation searching node generates dendrogram, and generate associated diagram by searching the neighbor node of node.
Models show device 3 also provides integration of user interaction functionality by various mouse event audiomonitors, and response user, by the input of user interface 7, completes functions such as comprising translation, convergent-divergent, class-hierarchy structure gragh demonstration, relational structure figure demonstration, example demonstration.
Models show device 3 export function that supplies a model, can derive model preserve with picture mode.
Step 5: if the text model showing is different with expection, user from ontology library 5 or file preserve position and recall this ontology file and modify in ontology editor 1, then go to step 2 execution, regenerate ontology model and show.
Step 6: Ontology Query device 4 receives user's inquiry request that user sends by user interface 7, resolve this inquiry request, call in the ontology model that querying method generates at "current" model maker 2 and inquire about, will obtain Query Result and return to user interface 7, to be shown to user, check.
As shown in Figure 3, in step 3, the ontology model generative process based on On-the-Fly strategy comprises the steps:
Step 1: automat extracts the static information in current ontology file, the model of generation static part.The concept comprising in the ontology file having detected by grammer that static information refers to, attribute, example and the relation between them.
Step 2: judge that whether current ontology file is in editing mode, if in editing mode, go to step three, if not in editing mode, go to step one;
Step 3: the position of recording edit statements place, judgement is by the integrality of edit statements, if statement is complete, determine by the sentence pattern of edit statements, be A, B or C type, and upwards retrieve nearest A type statement, retrieve corresponding C type statement downwards, obtain the minimum semantic primitive of AWC form, if statement is imperfect, point out user to have grammar mistake, need to modify.
Sentence pattern A:< constructor mark=concept title | relationship type >, for example <owl:class rdf:ID=Sunboard>.
Sentence pattern B:< constructor mark=concept title | relationship type/>, for example <owl:class rdf:ID=Sunboard/>.
Sentence pattern C:</ constructor >, for example </owl:class>.
Step 4: automat extracts the information of all minimum semantic primitives of identifying, generates the model of corresponding semantic primitive.
As shown in Figure 4, the original state of automat is 1, final state is 8, take <owl:class rdf:ID=Sunboard> as example, this example is a body statement of describing with ontology describing language owl, wherein Sunboard represents solar array, it is a concept (class) of aviation field, the state conversion process of resolving via automat is: 1-> 2-> 4-> 4-> 5-> 6-> 7-> 7-> 8.
Be described in detail as follows: 1 is original state.Receive " < " and enter initial judgement, get the hang of 2.Accepting state, if "/" gets the hang of 3; If a (constructor), gets the hang of 4; Otherwise resolve abnormal.State 3 receives a (constructor), gets the hang of 7; Receive " > " and enter stop technology state 8.State 4 receives space, gets back to oneself state.State 4 receives b (token name), gets the hang of 5.State 5 receives "=", gets the hang of 6.State 6 reception c (concept title | relationship type), get the hang of 7.Accepting state, if "/" is returned oneself state.If " > ", enters stop technology state 8.
In example shown in Fig. 4, the static information being extracted is class and Sunboard, and the implicit meaning is that Sunboard is a concept (class).
The model that model generator 2 generates not is that form that user finally sees, more abstract, models show device 3 is replaced some relations in ontology model with graphical control, 7 demonstrations of user interface be that the final ontology model after replacing is presented in face of user in more friendly mode.As shown in Figure 5, the graphical demonstration providing in user interface 7 comprises following several state.
Init state: under this state, model object completes the initial work of self, has comprised various settings and has built each member object/data structure.
Show tree derivation state: under this state, the class-hierarchy structure gragh of the ontology model that model object shows, namely tree derivation.User can change mouse state, to figure amplify, dwindle, translation, choose, the operation such as little digital map navigation, but can not affect the residing state of model object because models show remain tree derivation.If user is switched graphical state, model will be transformed into and show associated diagram state; If operation rollback, model object will return back to a demonstration view.
Show associated diagram state: under this state, what model object showed is associated diagram, and associated diagram has been described the incidence relation between body class, also comprises the example of class, the relation of example and class, the relation of example and example.With showing that tree derivation state is the same, user can change mouse state, to figure amplify, dwindle, translation, choose, the operation such as little digital map navigation, but can not affect the residing state of model object.User can be switched between associated diagram and tree derivation, equally also possesses operation Backward Function.
Tree graph class summit shortcut menu state: this state offers user and carries out the convenient entrance of next step operation with regard to current demonstration, and shortcut menu comprises 3 options.Be respectively demonstration/hiding subtree, show data type attribute, show example.Show/hide that subtree is for carrying out subtree expansion/hiding processing to tree derivation, its state returns and shows tree derivation state; Show that data type attribute is for showing the information of all data type attributes of selected class at data form; Its state returns and shows tree derivation state; Show that example is used for showing instance graph state.
Associated diagram class summit shortcut menu state: this state is to provide equally and carries out the convenient entrance of next step operation to user with regard to current demonstration, and shortcut menu comprises 2 options, is respectively and shows data type attribute and show example.Show that data type attribute shows tree derivation state for showing that at data form the information of all data type attributes of selected class, its state are returned; Show that example is used for showing instance graph state.
Associated diagram limit shortcut menu state: shortcut menu comprises 1 option: show relevant information, for obtain the details of these object properties at data form, the title that comprises it, URI, domain, range, the information such as symmetry, transitivity, the state of model object returns and shows associated diagram state.
The process of Fig. 6 for adopting apparatus of the present invention or method to carry out Ontology inquiry, resolves user's inquiry request that user interface 7 receives, and is committed to Ontology Query device, finally obtains a result and returns to user.Querying method is mainly retrieval based on key word and based on two kinds of forms of visual interactive inquiry.
Retrieval mode based on key word, refers to the search key of inputting according in user's inquiry request, obtains the list of the model element of all and keyword match, and the element in list is further inquired about.An element (described element is a class) in selecting the results list, just can obtain an induced subgraph of ontology model associated diagram, the adjacent summit in summit and all and selected summit corresponding to class that comprises selection in this subgraph, and all limits between these summits.Resulting induced subgraph is exactly Query Result.
Based on visual interactive inquiry, refer to and utilize mouse to carry out alternately with the topological pel (summit and limit) showing, to inquire about the model element (class of their representatives, example, object properties) details, these information return to user by the form with data form.The details of class should comprise the name of class, and name, the type of all data type attributes of class; The details of example should comprise name, the subordinate class of example, and the name of all properties of example, type and value; The details of object properties should comprise the relation between class and class.
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| CN101419680B (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2013-03-13 | 复旦大学 | Noumenon synergistic construct method in increment iterative field |
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| CN105824883A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-08-03 | 中电海康集团有限公司 | Representing method and system capable of dynamically expanding data associated network diagram |
| US11593691B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2023-02-28 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Information retrieval apparatus |
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