CN102593721A - Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102593721A CN102593721A CN2012100041587A CN201210004158A CN102593721A CN 102593721 A CN102593721 A CN 102593721A CN 2012100041587 A CN2012100041587 A CN 2012100041587A CN 201210004158 A CN201210004158 A CN 201210004158A CN 102593721 A CN102593721 A CN 102593721A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a spark plug and a manufacturing method thereof. A metal forming end with Ni as the main component is used to reduce manufacturing cost and realize excellent durability. The spark plug (1) possesses the components as following: an insulator (2), which possesses an axle hole (4) passing through the axle line (CL1) direction; a center electrode (5), which is inserted at the front end side of the axle hole (4); a main body part (3), which is arranged at the periphery of the insulator (2); a ground electrode (27), the base terminal of the ground electrode is fixedly arranged at the front end of the main body part (3); and a terminal (32), which is connected with the front end of the ground electrode (27), and a spark discharge gap (33) is formed between the terminal and the front end of the center electrode (5). The terminal (32) is formed by metal with more than 93 mass% of Ni, and the hardness of the terminal (32) is less than Vickers hardness 163 Hv.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the spark plug and the manufacturing approach thereof of internal combustion engine etc.
Background technology
The spark plug that is used for burner such as internal combustion engine for example possesses: the central electrode that extends along axis direction, the insulator that is arranged at the periphery of central electrode, the main body accessory cylindraceous that is assembled in the insulator outside, the grounding electrode that base end part engages with the leading section of main body accessory.The roughly mid portion of grounding electrode self bending and disposing so that the leading section of its leading section and above-mentioned central electrode is relative, thus, forms spark-discharge gap between the leading section of the leading section of central electrode and grounding electrode.
In addition, the position that discloses recently through in the leading section of grounding electrode, forming above-mentioned spark-discharge gap is provided with the termination that is made up of precious metal alloys, realizes the raising (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1) of ignition quality.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2009-37750 communique
But precious metal alloys are high price, the worry that exists manufacturing cost to increase.Therefore, consider in order to suppress manufacturing cost through being that the Ni alloy of main component forms above-mentioned termination with cheaper nickel (Ni).
But usually, the Ni alloy is compared anti-consumption with precious metal alloys poor, therefore formed under the situation of termination the worry that exists the termination to consume rapidly by the Ni alloy.Discharging gap becomes big if the termination is consumed, and then exists in the worry of discharge beyond the regular discharging gap.Therefore, existence can't demonstrate fully through the termination is set and improve the worry of the effect of ignition quality.
Summary of the invention
The present invention In view of the foregoing makes, and its purpose is to provide a kind of spark plug and manufacturing approach thereof, through forming the termination by the metal that with Ni is main component, can realize excellent anti-consumption when suppressing manufacturing cost.
Below, each formation that the subitem explanation is fit to address the above problem.In addition, as required pairing formation is put down in writing distinctive action effect.
Constitute 1: the spark plug of this formation possesses: the insulator of tubular has the axis hole that connects at axis direction; Central electrode is inserted in the front of above-mentioned axis hole; The cylindrical main body accessory is arranged at the periphery of above-mentioned insulator; Grounding electrode, the base end part of self is fixed in the leading section of aforementioned body accessory; And the termination, engage with the leading section of above-mentioned grounding electrode, and form the gap between the leading section of above-mentioned central electrode; Above-mentioned spark plug is characterised in that; Above-mentioned termination is formed by the metal that contains the nickel more than the 93 quality %, and the hardness of above-mentioned termination is below the Vickers hardness 163Hv.
According to above-mentioned formation 1, because the termination is formed by the metal that with Ni is main component, therefore compare with the situation that forms the termination by precious metal alloys, can suppress manufacturing cost.
On the other hand, formed under the situation of termination by the metal that with Ni is main component, worrying that the anti-consumption of termination is abundant inadequately, but according to above-mentioned formation 1, the hardness that constitutes the termination is below 163Hv and suppress to constitute the strain of the metal junctions crystal grain of termination.Therefore, heat successfully transmits in inside, termination, can improve the heat conductivity of termination.In addition, because the termination is formed by the metal that contains the excellent Ni of the above heat conductivity of 93 quality %, therefore can further improve the heat conductivity of termination.That is, forming the termination below the 163Hv and by the metal more than the Ni amount 93 quality %, can significantly improve the heat conductivity of termination through the hardness that makes the termination.Its result can significantly improve the anti-consumption of termination, so can long term maintenance because of the effect of the raising ignition quality that the termination is set obtains.
Constitute 2: the spark plug of this formation, in above-mentioned formation 1, compressive residual stress puts on the face in the above-mentioned gap of formation of above-mentioned termination.
According to above-mentioned formation 2, constitute the face (discharge face) that compressive residual stress puts on the above-mentioned gap of formation of termination.Therefore, even vibration puts under the situation of termination following action such as internal combustion engine, in above-mentioned discharge face, also be not easy to take place breakages such as disappearance.Thus, can further prevent expansion rapidly in the above-mentioned discharge face reliably because of the damaged gap that produces.Its result can suppress the increase of discharge voltage, can suppress the central electrode that accompanies with sparkover, the consumption rapidly of termination.In addition, can be suppressed at the sparkover beyond the above-mentioned gap, can bring into play more reliably because of the effect of the raising ignition quality that the termination obtains is set.
Constitute 3: the spark plug of this formation in above-mentioned 1 or 2, is below the 1.5mm along the distance central shaft of above-mentioned grounding electrode, from the front end of above-mentioned grounding electrode to above-mentioned termination, and the hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is more than the Vickers hardness 90Hv.
Hinder the viewpoint that further improves ignition quality from the growth at the fiery scorching center that the existence that suppresses because of grounding electrode takes place, preferably the termination is engaged near the front end of grounding electrode, dwindle the overhang of grounding electrode front end as far as possible for the termination.But; Usually, grounding electrode is to obtain through cutting off the wire rod that is made up of predetermined metal, cuts off and the generation reflex action in the grounding electrode end if follow; Then under near the situation the front end that the termination is engaged in grounding electrode, existence is for the worry of the adhesive strength decline of the termination of grounding electrode.If bond strength descends, then the joint border between grounding electrode and termination forms iron scale (oxidized scale) easily, and existence is not easy to be delivered to the worry of grounding electrode because of the heat of the existence termination of iron scale.
According to above-mentioned formation 3, because the hardness of grounding electrode more than 90Hv, therefore can prevent to follow the reflex action of the grounding electrode that cuts off and produce more reliably.Therefore; Distance the termination being engaged in the front end of grounding electrode in order to improve ignition quality is under the situation of the position below the 1.5mm; Also grounding electrode and termination can be engaged securely, and then the formation that both engage the iron scale in the border can be suppressed effectively.Its result can improve from the termination to the heat conductivity of grounding electrode, can further improve the anti-consumption of termination.
Constitute 4: the spark plug of this formation; In constituting in 1 to 3 each; Above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal that with Ni is main component, and at least one side in above-mentioned termination and the above-mentioned grounding electrode comprises at least a in silicon (Si), manganese (Mn) and the aluminium (Al).
In addition, " main component " is meant the composition that mass ratio is the highest in the material (below identical).
According to above-mentioned formation 4, grounding electrode is formed by the metal that with Ni is main component, therefore can further improve the heat conductivity of grounding electrode, and then can further improve the anti-consumption of termination.
And, according to above-mentioned formation 4,, therefore can improve the oxidative resistance of termination, grounding electrode owing to containing Si, Mn, Al in termination, the grounding electrode.Therefore, the decline of the heat conductivity that in termination, grounding electrode, can suppress to accompany with oxidation, its result can further improve the anti-consumption of termination.
Constitute 5: the spark plug of this formation; In above-mentioned formation 1 to 4 in each; Above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal that with nickel is main component; And at least one side in above-mentioned termination and the above-mentioned grounding electrode is contained the Al below the above 1.00 quality % of Mn, 0.01 quality % below the above 1.1 quality % of Si, 0.1 quality % below the above 1.3 quality % of 0.5 quality %.
According to above-mentioned formation 5, bring into play the action effect that constitutes 4 acquisitions by above-mentioned more reliably.
Constitute 6: the spark plug of this formation, in each, at least one side in above-mentioned termination and the above-mentioned grounding electrode is contained more than one rare earth element in above-mentioned formation 1 to 5.
According to above-mentioned formation 6, in termination, grounding electrode, contain more than one rare earth element, therefore can suppress to constitute the growth of the clipped wire of termination, grounding electrode.Its result can prevent in termination, grounding electrode, to split, disappearance etc. effectively.
Constitute 7: the spark plug of this formation, constituting in 6, total amount of rare earth element is below the above 0.25 quality % of 0.05 quality %.
According to above-mentioned formation 7, bring into play the action effect that constitutes 6 acquisitions by above-mentioned more reliably.
Constitute 8: the manufacturing approach of the spark plug of this formation is the manufacturing approach of each described spark plug in the above-mentioned formation 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, comprises the joint operation; Through resistance welded above-mentioned termination is engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode; In above-mentioned joint operation, under an end face that makes above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode state of contact, with above-mentioned termination from the other end side towards the pressurization of above-mentioned grounding electrode side the time; Above-mentioned termination is switched on; Thus above-mentioned termination is engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode, when above-mentioned termination is switched on, contacts with atmosphere at least at an end face of above-mentioned termination and the side between the other end.
According to above-mentioned formation 8, under side and atmosphere state of contact with the termination, the termination is welded to grounding electrode, therefore can fully heat the termination.Therefore, identically can reduce the hardness of termination with the situation of having implemented annealing.That is,, do not need to be provided in addition reducing the operation of termination hardness, can obtain the termination below the hardness 163Hv easily via engaging operation according to above-mentioned formation 8.Its result can boost productivity.
Constitute 9: the manufacturing approach of the spark plug of this formation constituting in 8, is characterized in that the hardness of the above-mentioned termination after above-mentioned joint operation is more than the Vickers hardness 100Hv.
According to above-mentioned formation 9, the hardness that engages the termination after the operation is more than the 100Hv, therefore when carrying spark plug etc., can prevent more reliably that the termination is injured.
Constitute 10: the manufacturing approach of the spark plug of this formation; In above-mentioned formation 8 or 9; Comprise bending operation, in bending operation, under the state of the face that supports the above-mentioned central electrode side of being positioned at of above-mentioned grounding electrode through bar-shaped support fixture; Push above-mentioned grounding electrode from the face of the opposition side of the face of above-mentioned central electrode side and come crooked above-mentioned grounding electrode, the hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is below the Vickers hardness 150Hv.
According to above-mentioned formation 10, because the hardness of grounding electrode below 150Hv, can prevent the losing of support fixture in the bending operation more reliably.Its result can further boost productivity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the biopsy cavity marker devices front view of the formation of expression spark plug.
Fig. 2 is the biopsy cavity marker devices amplification front elevation of the formation of expression spark plug leading section.
Fig. 3 is that expression engages amplification profile sketch mapes in the operation, grounding electrode and termination etc.
The (a) and (b) of Fig. 4 are enlarged diagrams of the grounding electrode of expression in the bending operation etc.
Fig. 5 is that the expression L that adjusts the distance carries out the coordinate diagram of the result of the test of the ignition quality evaluation test in the various samples after changing.
Fig. 6 is the amplification profile sketch mapes such as anchor clamps that are used to explain welding A.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to execution mode of description of drawings.Fig. 1 is the biopsy cavity marker devices front view of expression spark plug 1.In addition, in Fig. 1 with the axis CL1 direction of spark plug 1 as the above-below direction among the figure, with downside as the front of spark plug 1, upside is described as rear end side.
Spark plug 1 is made up of the insulator 2 as insulator that forms tubular, the cylindrical main body accessory 3 etc. that keeps this insulator 2.
And perforation is formed with the axis hole 4 that extends along axis CL1 in the insulator 2, inserts and be fixed with central electrode 5 in the front of this axis hole 4.The outer 5B that this central electrode 5 possesses the internal layer 5A that is made up of copper or copper alloy, is made up of the Ni alloy that with nickel (Ni) is main component.In addition, central electrode 5 forms bar-shaped (cylindric) as a whole, and its fore-end is outstanding from the front end of insulator 2.
In addition, in the rear end side of axis hole 4, insert and be fixed with terminal electrode 6 with the state outstanding from the rear end of insulator 2.
And, between the central electrode 5 of axis hole 4 and terminal electrode 6, dispose columned resistive element 7.The both ends of this resistive element 7 are electrically connected with central electrode 5 and terminal electrode 6 respectively via the glass seal layer 8,9 of conductivity.
And said main body accessory 3 forms tubular through metals such as mild steel, is formed with threaded portion (external thread part) 15 at its outer peripheral face, and this threaded portion 15 is used for spark plug 1 is installed on the burner of internal combustion engine or fuel cell modification device etc.In addition, the outer peripheral face of 15 rear end side in the threaded portion is formed with outstanding laterally seat portion 16, on the thread head 17 of 15 rear ends, threaded portion, embeds the packing ring 18 that ring-type is arranged.And, being provided with the instrument holding section 19 of cross section hexagon shape in the rear end side of main body accessory 3, this instrument holding section 19 is used for when main body accessory 3 is installed on burner, making instrument engagings such as spanner.In addition, be provided with the caulking part 20 of direction inside bend towards the footpath in the rearward end of main body accessory 3.
And, be provided with the stage portion 21 of the taper that is used for fastening insulator 2 at the inner peripheral surface of main body accessory 3.And; Insulator 2 inserts towards front from the rear end side of main body accessory 3; Under the state of stage portion 14 and stage portion 21 fastenings of main body accessory 3 of self; Make the inboard riveted joint of peristome radius vector direction of the rear end side of main body accessory 3, promptly form above-mentioned caulking part 20, be fixed in main body accessory 3 thus.In addition, insulator 2 and main body accessory 3 both sides' stage portion 14, being situated between between 21 has circular plate seals 22.Thus, keep the air-tightness in the combustion chamber, the fuel gas of avoiding getting into the gap between the inner peripheral surface of foot 13 and main body accessory 3 of the insulator 2 that is exposed in the combustion chamber is to external leaks.
And, airtight more complete for what riveted joint was produced, at ring component 23,24 rear end side of main body accessory 3, that clip ring-type between main body accessory 3 and the insulator 2, at ring component 23, be filled with the powder of talcum (talc) 25 between 24.That is, main body accessory 3 keeps insulator 2 via plate seals 22, ring component 23,24 and talcum 25.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, engaging at the leading section of main body accessory 3 26 has at the bar-shaped grounding electrode 27 of mid portion bending roughly.And on the side 27S of the central electrode that is positioned at grounding electrode 27 5 one sides, engaging has an end face 32B who forms columned termination 32.In this execution mode, the bonding station of termination 32 is configured to be positioned near the front end of grounding electrode 27, particularly, along the central shaft CL2 of grounding electrode 27,32 distance L is below the 1.5mm to the termination from the front end of grounding electrode 27.In addition, between the other end 32F of the leading section of central electrode 5 and termination 32, be formed with spark-discharge gap 33, in this spark-discharge gap 33, roughly on the direction of axis CL1, carrying out sparkover as the gap.
And in this execution mode, termination 32 is formed by the metal that contains the above Ni of 93 quality %.In addition, containing silicon (Si) in the termination 32 is that the above 1.3 quality % of 0.5 quality % are following, manganese (Mn) is that the above 1.1 quality % of 0.1 quality % are following, aluminium (Al) is below the above 1.00 quality % of 0.01 quality %.In addition, contain more than one rare earth element in the termination 32, total amount of rare earth element is below the above 0.25 quality % of 0.05 quality %.
In addition; As rare earth element, can enumerate: by the lanthanide series and the scandium (Sc) of yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and lutetium (Lu) formation.
In addition, in this execution mode, the hardness of termination 32 is below the above 163Hv of Vickers hardness 100Hv.In addition, for example can enumerate kernel of section on the cross section that comprises termination 32 central shafts, termination 32 as the position of measuring termination 32 hardness.
In addition, grounding electrode 27 by with Ni be that main component, Si are more than the 0.5 quality % below the 1.3 quality %, Mn is more than the 0.1 quality % below the 1.1 quality %, Al is that the alloy below the 1.00 quality % forms more than the 0.01 quality %.And, containing more than one rare earth element in the grounding electrode 27, total amount of rare earth element is below the above 0.25 quality % of 0.05% quality %.
In addition, in this execution mode, constitute: the above-mentioned other end 32F (forming the face of spark-discharge gap 33) to termination 32 applies compressive residual stress.
In addition, the hardness of grounding electrode 27 is below the above 150Hv of Vickers hardness 90Hv.In addition; Position as the hardness of measuring grounding electrode 27; Removal implemented after in grounding electrode 27, engaging with main body accessory 3 processing position (that is the position that, possibly produce firmness change together with processing), with engage the position of accompanying and possibly produce firmness change.Therefore, as after state because grounding electrode 27 joins to after the main body accessory 3, is implemented bending machining and, therefore as the sweep of the position removal grounding electrode 27 of the hardness of measuring grounding electrode 27 to central electrode 5 lateral bucklings.In addition, for example, from the position of measuring hardness, remove the position that possibly produce the firmness change that accompanies with engaging of termination 32 in the grounding electrode 27 (for example, from the termination 32 be positioned at 1.0mm with the position).
The manufacturing approach of the spark plug 1 that as above constitutes then, is described.
Process main body accessory 3 at first, in advance.That is, make processing and form general shape through columned metal material (for example, iron type materials, stainless steel material) being implemented cold forging, and form through hole.Afterwards, obtain main body accessory intermediate through implementing cut adjustment profile.
In addition, separate with main body accessory intermediate and make the straight bar-shaped grounding electrode 27 that constitutes by the Ni alloy.That is, make processing (Wire Drawing), above-mentioned alloy is tapered through the Ni alloy is implemented cold forging.Make processing via cold forging, alloy rigidity becomes more than the 90Hv.Then, the stage after fully attenuating is cut to predetermined length with alloy, obtains the straight bar-shaped grounding electrode 27 more than the hardness 90Hv with this.In addition, in order to reduce the hardness of grounding electrode 27, also can implement heat treatment (annealing in process) to grounding electrode 27.But, need to regulate heat treatment period, heating-up temperature, make the hardness of grounding electrode 27 be not less than 90Hv.
Then, the grounding electrode 27 that resistance welded obtained on the front end face of main body accessory intermediate.When this welds, produce so-called " horn mouth ", remove " horn mouth " afterwards, form threaded portion 15 at the predetermined position of main body accessory intermediate through roll forming.Thus, obtain to be welded with the main body accessory 3 of grounding electrode 27.
Then, implement zinc-plated or plating Ni to the main body accessory 3 that is welded with grounding electrode 27.In addition, in order to improve corrosion resistance, also can further implement chromaking and handle on its surface.
On the other hand, opened in 3 minutes with said main body accessory insulator 2 is formed processing.For example, use with aluminium oxide as main body and comprise the material powder of adhesive etc., modulation is shaped with basic granulation thing, uses this shaping to carry out the rubber press forming with basic granulation thing, obtains the formed body of tubular thus.And, the formed body that obtains is implemented grinding and carried out shaping, and the parts after the shaping are burnt till in firing furnace, obtain insulator 2 thus.
In addition, with aforementioned body accessory 3, insulator 2 manufacturing center's electrode 5 dividually.That is, the Ni alloy that disposes the copper alloy that is used to improve exothermicity etc. at central part is implemented to forge processing, make central electrode 5.
And, make termination 32 in advance.That is, prepare to contain the above Ni of 93 quality %, and contain Si, the Mn of scheduled volume, the alloy of rare earth element respectively, this alloy enforcement heat forged, hot rolling (grooved roller rolls).Afterwards, after enforcement Wire Drawing acquisition club-shaped material, it is cut into predetermined length and obtains termination 32.In this execution mode, as above obtained termination 32, but also can become thinner alloy to cut into greater than after the predetermined length prior Wire Drawing, moulding obtains termination 32 through being pressed into mould.The hardness ratio of the termination 32 of carving at this moment in addition, is big (for example, more than the 200Hv).In addition, along with Wire Drawing, in the termination 32 along the residual tensile stress that bigger (for example, about 200MPa) arranged of its central axis direction.
Then, insulator 2 that obtains as stated and central electrode 5, resistive element 7 and terminal electrode 6 pass through glass seal layer 8,9 by sealing and fixing. Glass seal layer 8,9 is generally mixes pyrex and metal dust is modulated, and clips resistive element 7 and after being injected in the axis hole 4 of insulator 2, when pushing with above-mentioned terminal electrode 6 from the rear, in combustion furnace, is heated and burns till.In addition, at this moment, also can the while burn till glaze layer, perhaps also can form glaze layer in advance on the surface of the rear end side main part 10 of insulator 2.
Afterwards, the main body accessory 3 that possesses as described above the insulator 2 of the central electrode 5 made respectively and terminal electrode 6 and possess grounding electrode 27 is fixed.More specifically, with insulator 2 insert lead in the main body accessory 3 after, the inboard riveted joint of peristome radius vector direction of the rear end side of the main body accessory 3 that will form than unfertile land promptly fixes insulator 2 and main body accessory 3 through forming above-mentioned caulking part 20.
Then, in engaging operation, termination 32 is joined to the leading section of grounding electrode 27.That is, as shown in Figure 3, when an end face 32b of termination 32 is contacted with the side 27S of central electrode 5 sides of grounding electrode 27, predetermined welding electrode rod WS is contacted with the other end 32F of termination 32.At this moment, termination 32 be disposed at front end 1.5mm from grounding electrode 27 with interior scope in.Then, to grounding electrode 27 side shiftings, WS pushes termination 32 with predetermined pressure with the welding electrode rod with welding electrode rod WS, and switches on to termination 32 from welding electrode rod WS with predetermined current value.Thus, termination 32 joins grounding electrode 27 to.
In addition, at least to termination 32 energising the time, do not supported and contact with atmosphere by anchor clamps etc. at an end face 32B of termination 32 and the side 32S between the another side 32F.Make under side 32S and the atmosphere state of contact at support side 32S not, through abundant heating terminations 32, welding termination 32.Its result, the hardness of termination 32 descends with the situation of having implemented annealing identically and its hardness is below the 160Hv.But after engaging operation, the hardness of termination 32 is more than the 100Hv.
In addition, through regulating welding electrode rod WS pushing loading and, remove the tensile stress that remains in termination 32, and become the state that compressive residual stress is applied to the other end 32F of termination 32 to termination 32 to the electrical current of termination 32.
Then, in bending operation, grounding electrode 27 is bent to central electrode 5 lateral bendings.That is, shown in Fig. 4 (a), the bar-shaped support fixture JG1 of configuration between central electrode 5 and grounding electrode 27.Then, support through support fixture JG1 on the basis of above-mentioned side 27S of grounding electrode 27, push the face that is positioned at the 27S back side, above-mentioned side in the grounding electrode 27, grounding electrode 27 is bent to the obtuse angle shape through the predetermined anchor clamps JG2 that pushes.Then, shown in Fig. 4 (b), the leading section of grounding electrode 27 is pushed along axis CL1, grounding electrode 27 is bent to the straight horn shape, and between central electrode 5 and termination 32, form spark-discharge gap 33 through the predetermined anchor clamps JG3 that pushes.At last, obtain above-mentioned spark plug 1 through the size of regulating spark-discharge gap 33.
As explained in detail above, according to this execution mode,, therefore compare with the situation of using precious metal alloys owing to form termination 32 by the metal that with Ni is main component, can suppress manufacturing cost.
In addition, in this execution mode, constitute: the hardness of termination 32 is below 163Hv, and the strain that constitutes the metal junctions crystal grain of termination 32 is suppressed.Therefore, heat 32 inside successfully transmits in the termination, can improve the heat conductivity of termination 32.In addition, owing to the metal of termination 32 by the Ni that contains the heat conductivity excellence more than the 93 quality % forms, therefore can further improve the heat conductivity of termination 32.That is, when being made as the hardness of termination 32 below the 163Hv, be that metal more than the 93 quality % forms termination 32 by the Ni amount, can significantly improve the heat conductivity of termination 32.Its result can significantly improve the anti-consumption of termination 32, so can long term maintenance effect through the raising ignition quality that termination 32 is set is obtained.
In addition, in this execution mode, constitute the other end 32F that compressive residual stress puts on termination 32.Therefore, even termination 32 is applied under the situation of vibration, in above-mentioned other end 32F, be not easy to take place breakages such as disappearance being accompanied by action such as internal combustion engine.The expansion rapidly of the spark-discharge gap 33 that thus, can further prevent reliably to produce because of the breakage on the above-mentioned other end 32F.Its result can suppress the increase of discharge voltage, the central electrode 5 that can suppress to accompany with sparkover and the consumption rapidly of termination 32.In addition, the sparkover in can suppressing beyond the spark-discharge gap 33 can further be brought into play through the effect of the raising ignition quality that termination 32 obtains is set reliably.
And, because the hardness of termination 32 is more than the 100Hv, therefore when transportation spark plug 1 etc. in, can prevent reliably that further termination 32 is injured.
In addition because the hardness of grounding electrode 27 is more than the 90Hv, therefore can prevent reliably and the cut-out when making grounding electrode 27 together and on grounding electrode 27, produce reflex action.Therefore; Even in the position of distance below 1.5mm that as this execution mode, termination 32 is engaged in the front end of electrode 27 in order to improve ignition quality; Also can engage grounding electrode 27 and termination 32 securely, and then be suppressed at effectively on both the joint border and form iron scale.Its result can suppress 32 heat conductivities to grounding electrode 27 from the termination, can further improve the anti-consumption of termination 32.
In addition, because the hardness of grounding electrode 27 is below the 150Hv, therefore can further prevent the losing of support fixture JG1 in bending operation reliably.Its result can further boost productivity.
In addition, contain Si, Mn, the Al of scheduled volume in termination 32 and the grounding electrode 27 respectively, therefore can improve the oxidative resistance of termination 32 and grounding electrode 27.Therefore, the decline of the heat conductivity that in termination 32 and grounding electrode 27, can suppress to accompany with oxidation, its result can further improve the anti-consumption of termination 32.
And when containing more than one rare earth elements in termination 32 and the grounding electrode 27, total amount of rare earth element is more than the 0.05 quality % and below the 0.25 quality %.Therefore, can suppress to constitute the clipped wire growth of termination 32, grounding electrode 27.Can prevent effectively to split in termination 32, the grounding electrode 27, disappearance etc.
Then,, make the sample that a plurality of stiffness changings with the termination become multiple spark plug, this sample is carried out anti-consumption evaluation test and the evaluation test of tolerance wound property in order to confirm to reach action effect through above-mentioned execution mode.
The summary of anti-consumption evaluation test is as follows.That is, be installed in sample on the predetermined chamber after, with being made as air atmosphere in the chamber; And the pressure in the chamber is set at 0.4MPa; The frequency that applies voltage is made as 100Hz (that is, the ratio that per minute is 6000 times), and each sample was discharged through 20 hours.Then, after 20 hours, measure the extensive magnitude (gap recruitment) of the size of spark-discharge gap.At this, for the sample of the not enough 0.10mm of gap recruitment, it is excellent and mark " zero " to be evaluated as anti-consumption, is the sample more than the 0.10mm for the gap recruitment, is evaluated as anti-consumption difference and marks " * ".
In addition, the summary of tolerance wound property evaluation test is as follows.That is, use predetermined autoplotter (autograph), under the loading of 50N or 70N, the sheet metal of the quadrangular prism shape that will be formed by predetermined super-steel is connected to the other end of termination.Then, apply after the loading, observe the other end of termination and confirm whether there is scar on the other end.At this; Even on the termination, do not produce the sample of scar for the loading that applies 70N yet; It is extremely excellent and mark " ◎ " to be evaluated as tolerance wound property; Though for scar taking place when the loading that applies 70N but do not produce the sample of scar when applying the loading of 50N, it is excellent and mark " zero " to be evaluated as tolerance wound property.On the other hand, for the sample that on the termination, produces scar when the loading that applies 50N, be evaluated as tolerance wound property difference and mark " * ".
Represent the result of the test of anti-consumption evaluation test and the result of the test of tolerance wound property evaluation test in the table 1 respectively.In addition, in table 1, except expression gap recruitment, the consumption volume of the termination when also anti-consumption evaluation test is carried out in expression in the lump.In addition, the termination of each sample forms by the alloy that contains the above Ni of 90 quality %.And; The external diameter of termination is 1.5mm, and the thickness of grounding electrode is 1.5mm, and the width of grounding electrode is 2.8mm; The termination is engaged in the position (in following test, termination and grounding electrode are of a size of same as described above) of leaving 1.5mm from the front end of grounding electrode.In addition, the hardness of termination is that the heating condition of the termination when regulating welding changes.For example, be made as than under the condition with higher in the hardness with the termination, through the side of metal fixture support termination, the thermal capacitance in the termination that is transmitted to above-mentioned anchor clamps is prone to weld under the d/d state.
[table 1]
| Termination hardness (Hv) | Gap recruitment (mm) | Consume volume (mm 2) | Anti-consumption evaluation | The evaluation of tolerance wound property |
| 85 | 0.05 | 0.162 | ○ | ○ |
| 94 | 0.06 | 0.180 | ○ | ○ |
| 100 | 0.06 | 0.195 | ○ | ◎ |
| 105 | 0.05 | 0.169 | ○ | ◎ |
| 113 | 0.05 | 0.184 | ○ | ◎ |
| 128 | 0.06 | 0.190 | ○ | ◎ |
| 142 | 0.07 | 0.196 | ○ | ◎ |
| 151 | 0.08 | 0.202 | ○ | ◎ |
| 160 | 0.08 | 0.204 | ○ | ◎ |
| 163 | 0.08 | 0.223 | ○ | ◎ |
| 169 | 0.10 | 0.240 | × | ◎ |
| 181 | 0.11 | 0.249 | × | ◎ |
As shown in table 1, the hardness of termination is the not enough 0.10mm of the gap recruitment of the sample below the 163Hv, confirms to have excellent anti-consumption.Its reason may be thought of as: formed the point of termination and played the effect of multiplying each other through the point that the hardness with the termination is made as the stress that relatively hangs down the metal junctions crystal grain that suppresses to constitute the termination by the metal that contains the excellent Ni of heat conductivity in a large number, thereby significantly improved the heat conductivity of termination.
And, can confirm:, have excellent tolerance wound property even the hardness sample that to be 100Hv above in termination does not produce scar on the termination under the situation that is applied in the very large loading of 70N.
Through above result of the test,, preferably form the termination, and the hardness of termination is below 163Hv by the metal that contains the above Ni of 93 quality % in order to improve anti-consumption.
In addition, in order to improve the tolerance wound property of termination, preferably the hardness with the termination is made as more than the 100Hv.
Then, make welding the residual stress of other end (forming the face of spark-discharge gap) is changed over the sample of the grounding electrode that multiple termination forms, each sample has been carried out the evaluation test of vibration resistance property.The summary of vibration resistance property evaluation test is as follows.That is, the back side at the position that is welded with the termination in the sample is applied the vibration 10 hours of frequency 27.3KHz with predetermined ultrasonic vibrator (ultrasonic horn).Then, after 10 hours, observe the termination, confirm whether there is disappearance in the other end of termination.At this, producing under the situation of disappearance on the termination, be evaluated as the termination and have excellent vibration resistance property and mark " zero ", on the other hand, under the situation that disappearance has taken place on the termination, be evaluated as the vibration resistance property difference of termination and mark " * ".Residual stress and the result of the test of in table 2, representing the other end, termination in each sample respectively.
In addition, in table 2, residual stress for negative be to be illustrated in residual compression stress on the other end of termination, residual stress is residual tensile stress on the other end that is illustrated in the termination just.In addition, prepare the termination of residual tensile stress on the other end, when this termination is welded with grounding electrode, put on the loading and the electric current of termination, change the residual stress in the other end of termination through adjusting.In addition, residual stress is to measure through the X line residual stress measurement mechanism that uses the X-ray diffraction method.
[table 2]
| Sample No. | Residual stress (Mpa) | |
| 1 | ?-220 | ○ |
| 2 | ?-170 | ○ |
| 3 | ?-120 | ○ |
| 4 | ?-50 | ○ |
| 5 | ?0 | × |
| 6 | ?20 | × |
| 7 | ?100 | × |
As shown in table 2, can know: the sample (sample 1 to 4) that is applied in compressive residual stress in the other end of termination does not produce disappearance on the termination, has excellent vibration resistance property.
Through the result of above-mentioned test, be applied in when vibration, from the viewpoint of the breakage of the other end that prevents the termination more reliably, preferably the other end (forming the face of spark-discharge gap) to the termination applies compressive residual stress.
Then, make a plurality of stiffness changings and be the sample of multiple spark plug, each sample is carried out caloric test on the machine grounding electrode.The summary of caloric test is as follows on the machine.That is be that one-period is implemented 1000 cycles to sample, to be that 980 ℃ burner carries out sample cooling off one minute gradually after 2 minutes the heating through the temperature that under air atmosphere, makes the termination.Then, observation sample cross section after 1000 end cycles, the length of iron scale of measuring the joint border that is formed at grounding electrode and termination is with respect to the ratio (iron scale ratio) of the length on this joint border.In addition, each sample all is engaged in the position of leaving 1.5mm from the grounding electrode front end with the termination.
And the sample after the caloric test has carried out above-mentioned anti-consumption evaluation test on the machine for carrying out.
The result of the test of in table 3, representing two kinds of tests respectively.In addition, the hardness of grounding electrode is to change through regulating heat-treat condition.
[table 3]
As shown in table 3, confirm: the sample of the not enough 90Hv of the hardness of grounding electrode generates iron scale easily on the joint border of grounding electrode and termination.Its reason may be thought of as as follows: because the hardness ratio of grounding electrode is lower, therefore follow and cut off and the small reflex action of end generation of grounding electrode, and then the bond strength of termination and grounding electrode is insufficient.In addition, can know: form the sample of iron scale recruitment becomes bigger in anti-consumption evaluation test intermediate gap on the joint border of grounding electrode and termination.Its reason may be thought of as: because of the existence heat of iron scale is difficult to be delivered to grounding electrode from the termination, and then cause the termination overheated.
With respect to this, can know: the hardness of grounding electrode is that the above sample of 90Hv does not form iron scale on the joint border, and in addition, anti-consumption is extremely excellent.
Then, make and a plurality ofly will change into multiple spark plug sample from the front end of grounding electrode to the distance L of termination, each sample has been carried out the ignition quality evaluation test along the central shaft of grounding electrode.The summary of ignition quality evaluation test is as follows.That is, each sample is installed on the engine of air displacement 1.5L, time of ignition is made as MBT (optimum ignition location) and carries out sparkover, makes the engine action with revolution 1600rpm.Then, strengthen (making fuel become less) air-fuel ratio gradually, and press the rate of change that each air-fuel ratio is measured engine torque, confirm that the air-fuel ratio of the rate of change above 5% o'clock of engine torque is the boundary air-fuel ratio.In addition, the boundary air-fuel ratio is big more, just means that ignition quality is more excellent.The result of the test of this test of expression in Fig. 5.
As shown in Figure 5, the sample of confirming distance L and being below the 1.5mm is compared greater than the sample of 1.5mm with distance L, and the boundary air-fuel ratio further increases and ignition quality is excellent.Its reason may be thought of as: the growth through distance L being made as the fiery scorching center that the less existence that suppresses because of grounding electrode produces hinders.
Result of the test through above-mentioned test can be found out: in order to improve ignition quality; To be made as under the situation below the 1.5mm from the front end of the grounding electrode distance till the termination; The formation of the iron scale in the joint border of inhibition grounding electrode and termination; In order further to improve the anti-consumption of termination, preferably the hardness with grounding electrode is made as more than the 90Hv.
Then; Prepare a plurality of stiffness changings and be the sample of multiple spark plug with grounding electrode; Sample for the hardness of grounding electrode is identical is implemented above-mentioned bending operation respectively, in the support fixture that supports grounding electrode, produces the number of times (number of times when losing) of the bending operation till losing by the hardness measurement of each grounding electrode.At this; When losing number of times be 200,000 times be that limit is measured, number of times surpasses under 200,000 times the situation when losing, it is extremely excellent and mark " ◎ " to be evaluated as productivity ratio; Number of times is under the situation of less than 200,000 times more than 150,000 times when losing, and it is excellent and mark " zero " to be evaluated as productivity ratio.On the other hand, losing under the situation of number of times less than 150,000 times, be judged as and produce rate variance and mark " * ".The result of the test of this test of expression in table 4.
[table 4]
| Grounding electrode hardness (Hv) | Number of times when losing | Productivity ratio is estimated |
| 70 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 80 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 85 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 90 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 100 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 130 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 150 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 180 | 180000 | ○ |
| 200 | 180000 | ○ |
As shown in table 4, be under the situation below the 150Hv in the hardness of grounding electrode, number of times surpasses 200,000 times when losing, and it is extremely excellent to be confirmed to be productivity ratio.
Through above-mentioned result of the test, can find out: in order to boost productivity, preferably the hardness with grounding electrode is made as below the 150Hv.
Then; When the termination being engaged in grounding electrode through resistance welded, as shown in Figure 6, under two kinds of following situation; Measure respectively 5 times with engaging ground electrode after the hardness of termination; That is, supporting under the state of side, termination the situation (welding A: be equivalent to comparative example) that the termination is switched on through metallic anchor clamps JG4; Do not support the termination the side and with the atmosphere state of contact under, the situation (welding B: be equivalent to embodiment) that the termination is switched on.In table 5, represent hardness respectively with the termination of each welding welding.In addition, the hardness of the termination before the joint is 200Hv～260Hv.In addition, the position of measuring termination hardness be comprise in the cross section of termination central shaft, the termination kernel of section.
[table 5]
| No. | Welding A (Hv) | Welding B (Hv) |
| 1 | 182 | ?107 |
| 2 | 197 | ?131 |
| 3 | 201 | ?120 |
| 4 | 193 | ?123 |
| 5 | 172 | ?110 |
As shown in table 5, can know: under situation, fully reduce the hardness of termination through welding B welding termination.Its reason may be thought of as: do not contact with atmosphere because the side of termination is supported, therefore the heat of the termination when welding is not easy to be released, and the termination fully is heated.
Through the result of above-mentioned test, can know: reduce the hardness of termination more reliably for special manufacturing procedure is not set, when resistance welded, preferably in the side of not supporting the termination and with the atmosphere contact condition under the termination is switched on.
In addition, be not limited to the record content of above-mentioned execution mode, for example may be embodied as as follows.Certainly, be not illustrated in other following application examples, variation is also passable.
(a) in the above-described embodiment, termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 are formed by the metal that comprises Si, Mn and Al, but termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 also can form by comprising metal at least a among Si, Mn and the Al.In addition, termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 also can be formed by the metal that does not comprise Si, Mn etc.And, containing under the situation such as Si, Mn, also can appropriate change these amount.
(b) in the above-described embodiment, termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 both sides are contained rare earth element, but also can termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 at least one side contain rare earth element.
(c) in the above-described embodiment, constitute the hardness that to grounding electrode 27 joint terminations 32 time, can regulate termination 32, but after also can or engaging before to grounding electrode 27 joint terminations 32, the hardness that termination 32 is regulated in termination 32 enforcement heat treatments.
(d) in the above-described embodiment; Between central electrode 5 and termination 32, be formed with spark-discharge gap 33; But also can between this noble metal termination and termination 32, form spark-discharge gap 33 by the noble metal termination of precious metal alloys (for example, platinum alloy, iridium alloy etc.) formation in the leading section setting of central electrode 5.
(e) in the above-described embodiment, the cross section of instrument holding section 19 is the hexagon shape, but about the shape of instrument holding section 19, is not limited to this shape.For example, can be Bi-HEX (being out of shape 12 jiaos) shape (ISO22977:2005 (E)) etc.
Claims (10)
1. spark plug possesses:
The insulator of tubular has the axis hole that connects at axis direction;
Central electrode is inserted in the front of above-mentioned axis hole;
The cylindrical main body accessory is arranged at the periphery of above-mentioned insulator;
Grounding electrode, the base end part of self is fixed in the leading section of aforementioned body accessory; And
The termination engages with the leading section of above-mentioned grounding electrode, and forms the gap between the leading section of above-mentioned central electrode, and above-mentioned spark plug is characterised in that,
Above-mentioned termination is formed by the metal that contains the nickel more than the 93 quality %, and the hardness of above-mentioned termination is below the Vickers hardness 163Hv.
2. spark plug according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Compressive residual stress puts on the face in the above-mentioned gap of formation of above-mentioned termination.
3. spark plug according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
Along the distance central shaft of above-mentioned grounding electrode, from the front end of above-mentioned grounding electrode to above-mentioned termination is below the 1.5mm,
The hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is more than the Vickers hardness 90Hv.
4. according to each described spark plug in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal that with nickel is main component, and,
At least one side in above-mentioned termination and the above-mentioned grounding electrode comprises at least a in silicon, manganese and the aluminium.
5. according to each described spark plug in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal that with nickel is main component, and,
At least one side in above-mentioned termination and the above-mentioned grounding electrode is contained the aluminium below the above 1.00 quality % of manganese, 0.01 quality % below the above 1.1 quality % of silicon, 0.1 quality % below the above 1.3 quality % of 0.5 quality %.
6. according to each described spark plug in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that,
At least one side in above-mentioned termination and the above-mentioned grounding electrode is contained more than one rare earth element.
7. spark plug according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
Total amount of rare earth element is below the above 0.25 quality % of 0.05 quality %.
8. the manufacturing approach of a spark plug, above-mentioned spark plug is each described spark plug in the claim 1 to 7, the manufacturing approach of above-mentioned spark plug is characterised in that,
Comprise the joint operation, above-mentioned termination be engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode through resistance welded,
In above-mentioned joint operation,
Under an end face that makes above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode state of contact, with above-mentioned termination from the other end side above-mentioned termination is switched on towards the pressurization of above-mentioned grounding electrode side the time, thus above-mentioned termination is engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode,
At least when above-mentioned termination is switched on, contact with atmosphere at an end face of above-mentioned termination and the side between the other end.
9. the manufacturing approach of spark plug according to claim 8 is characterized in that,
The hardness of the above-mentioned termination after above-mentioned joint operation is more than the Vickers hardness 100Hv.
10. according to Claim 8 or the manufacturing approach of 9 described spark plugs, it is characterized in that,
Comprise bending operation, under the state of the face that supports the above-mentioned central electrode side of being positioned at of above-mentioned grounding electrode through bar-shaped support fixture, push above-mentioned grounding electrode from the face of the opposition side of the face of above-mentioned central electrode side and come crooked above-mentioned grounding electrode,
The hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is below the Vickers hardness 150Hv.
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| CN103579909A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-12 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN103715613A (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-09 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN108808456A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | The manufacturing method of spark plug |
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| CN101461106A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2009-06-17 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Spark plug |
| JP2009295427A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-17 | Furuya Kinzoku:Kk | Groove processing method to discharge face of spark plug electrode tip |
| CN101904066A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2010-12-01 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing same |
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2012
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| US4581558A (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1986-04-08 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engines having an alloy layer between the electrodes and tip ends |
| JPH10251786A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 1998-09-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Electrode material for spark plug |
| CN1839525A (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2006-09-27 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| JP2007227189A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN101461106A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2009-06-17 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Spark plug |
| CN101904066A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2010-12-01 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing same |
| JP2009295427A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-17 | Furuya Kinzoku:Kk | Groove processing method to discharge face of spark plug electrode tip |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103579909A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-12 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN103579909B (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2016-08-24 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN103715613A (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-09 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| US9197036B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2015-11-24 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug |
| CN103715613B (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2016-08-17 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN108808456A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | The manufacturing method of spark plug |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102593721B (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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