CN102560896A - Method and device for preparation of composite functional membrane with nanofiber layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a composite functional film with a nanofiber layer and its device. The method includes: melting and mixing the first polymer in a screw extruder into a spinning pump, and then extruding from a spinneret and cooling it into filaments , using high-speed airflow to accelerate the stretching of the fibers, and after the filaments are separated, the filaments are evenly spread on the web curtain by mechanical or airflow control to form a non-woven fabric; the second polymer and functional components are dissolved in a solvent to form a spinning solution , under the action of an electrostatic field, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinneret of the electrospinning device, and under the attraction of the opposite charge receiving device, it is sprayed onto the non-woven fabric made of the first polymer to obtain nanofibers Layer composite functional film. The method is realized through a preparation device, the non-woven fabric prepared by the spun-bonding module becomes the supporting layer of the composite membrane, and the nanofiber prepared by the electrospinning module becomes the functional layer of the composite membrane. The invention can prepare double-layer or multi-layer functional film materials simply and efficiently.

Description

A preparation method and device for composite functional membrane with nanofiber layer

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of a composite functional membrane, in particular to a preparation method and a device for a composite functional membrane with a nanofiber layer.

Background technique

Electrospinning is a top-down nano-manufacturing technology. The jet is formed by overcoming the liquid surface tension and viscoelastic force of the droplets at the tip of the nozzle by applying an electric field force. Under the action, the atomized liquid jet is bent, stretched, and split by high frequency, and it is drawn tens of millions of times within tens of milliseconds. After solvent volatilization or melt cooling, nano-scale fibers are obtained at the receiving end. This technology has simple process, convenient operation, wide selection of materials, strong controllability, and can prepare nanofibers with microstructure characteristics through nozzle design. It is considered to be the most likely method to realize the industrial production of continuous nanofibers. Has a good outlook. However, the primary fiber structure obtained by electrospinning is still unstable, and the supramolecular structure order is low. After stretching and heat setting processing, its physical and mechanical properties still cannot meet the requirements of textile processing, and it is difficult to use alone. Even if it is used as a filter material, It is also often necessary to compound with other materials to strengthen its structure.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method and device for a composite functional membrane with a nanofiber layer, which makes the preparation of a composite functional membrane with a nanofiber layer simpler and easier, and can effectively control the thickness and uniformity of the surface fiber layer. It is easy to realize the operation of large-scale production, and the prepared composite functional membrane can be applied in many fields such as chemical industry, medicine, and biology.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: provide a kind of preparation method with nanofiber layer composite function membrane, comprise the following steps:

(1) Melt and mix the first polymer in the screw extruder into the spinning pump, then extrude from the spinneret and cool it into filaments, use high-speed airflow to accelerate the stretching of the fibers, and control the length of the filaments by mechanical or airflow after filament separation The silk is evenly spread on the mesh curtain to form a non-woven fabric;

(2) The second polymer and functional components are dissolved in a solvent to form a spinning solution. Under the action of an electrostatic field, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinneret of the electrospinning device, and is attracted by an oppositely charged receiving device. Next, it is sprayed onto the non-woven fabric made of the first polymer to obtain a nanofiber layer composite functional film.

After the step (2), it also includes hot-rolling the nanofiber layer composite functional membrane with a composite machine to obtain a hot-rolled and shaped composite membrane material.

The first polymer is one of polypropylene, polyester, nylon, viscose, acrylic, vinylon, cotton, wool, and ramie.

The second polymer is nylon, polyamide, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly One of vinylphenol, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and cellulose acetate.

The functional component is one of nanometer metal particles, carbon nanotubes, catalysts, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, antibacterial agents, hormones, vitamins, anesthetic drugs, hemostatic drugs, analgesic drugs, and antihypertensive drugs.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a preparation device with nanofiber layer composite functional membrane is also provided, including a spunbond module and an electrospinning module, both of which are below the spunbond module and the electrospinning module. An endless trawl belt is placed, wherein a grounded metal mesh is also provided under the endless trawl belt under the electrospinning module; the spunbonding module includes a screw extruder and a spinning assembly; the outlet of the screw extruder It is connected with the entrance of the spinning assembly; the electrospinning module includes a liquid storage tank and a support; the support is driven by the driving device to reciprocate perpendicular to the conveying direction of the endless trawl belt; the liquid storage tank The discharge port is connected with the conduit in the support; the underside of the support is provided with a multi-nozzle system connected with the conduit in the support; the multi-nozzle system is connected with an electrostatic generator and is opposite to the metal mesh.

The endless trawl belt under the electrospinning module is connected with the entrance of the composite machine.

The multi-nozzle system is placed at 15-30 cm above the endless trawl belt; the metal mesh is placed in parallel at 5-20 cm below the endless trawl belt.

The multi-nozzle system is arranged in a linear arrangement, a circular arrangement, a polygonal arrangement or a multi-dimensional arrangement.

When the multi-nozzle system is arranged in a linear manner, the linearly arranged multi-nozzle system has no less than 5 rows, and the number of nozzles in each row is no less than 5, and the distance between the nozzles is 5-10 cm.

A first metering pump is also arranged between the screw extruder and the spinning assembly; the discharge port of the liquid storage tank is also connected to the feed port of the second metering pump; the discharge port of the second metering pump The port is connected to a catheter in the stent.

Beneficial effect

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: the technical solution provided by the present invention can simply and efficiently prepare a nonwoven fabric with a nanofiber film layer, and through electrospinning The process controls the morphology, thickness, porosity, etc. of the surface layer, and the composite membrane is endowed with different functions by adding functional components, such as drug release, antibacterial, and radiation protection.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spunbond method module of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the electrospinning module schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of linearly arranged electrospinning modules.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a composite functional film with a nanofiber layer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Melt and mix the first polymer in the screw extruder and enter the spinning pump at a certain temperature and pressure (wherein, the temperature can be 200-350°C and the pressure can be 5-15Mpa), and then from the spinneret Extrude and cool to form filaments, and use high-speed airflow to accelerate the stretching of fibers. After the filaments are separated, the filaments are evenly spread on the web curtain by mechanical or airflow control to form a non-woven fabric. Wherein, the first polymer may be one of polypropylene, polyester, nylon, viscose, acrylic, vinylon, cotton, wool, and ramie.

(2) The second polymer and functional components are dissolved in a solvent to form a spinning solution. Under the action of an electrostatic field, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinneret of the electrospinning device, and is attracted by an oppositely charged receiving device. Next, it is sprayed onto the non-woven fabric made of the first polymer to obtain a nanofiber layer composite functional film. Wherein, the second polymer can be nylon, polyamide, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol ester, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, One of polyvinylphenol, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and cellulose acetate; the functional component can be nano-metal particles, carbon nanotubes, catalysts, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, antibacterial agents, One of hormones, vitamins, narcotic drugs, hemostatic drugs, analgesic drugs, and antihypertensive drugs.

(3) Hot-rolling the nanofiber layer composite functional membrane with a composite machine, adjusting temperature, pressure and time to obtain a hot-rolled and shaped composite membrane material.

The present invention also relates to a preparation device having a nanofiber layer composite functional film, as shown in Figure 1, comprising a spunbonding module 13 and an electrospinning module 14, both of which are placed below the spunbonding module 13 and the electrospinning module 14 There is a ring-shaped trawl belt 7, wherein a grounded metal mesh 8 is arranged under the ring-shaped trawl belt 7 below the electrospinning module 13; As shown in Figure 2, the spunbonding module 13 includes a screw extruder 1 and a spinning assembly 3; the outlet of the screw extruder 1 is connected with the inlet of the spinning assembly 3; the screw extruding A first metering pump 2 is also provided between the machine 1 and the spinning assembly 3 . As shown in Figure 3, the electrospinning module 14 includes a liquid storage tank 4 and a support 6; the support 6 is driven by the driving device 10 to reciprocate perpendicular to the conveying direction of the endless trawl belt 7; the liquid storage The discharge port of the pool 4 is also connected with the feed port of the second metering pump 5; the discharge port of the second metering pump 5 is connected with the conduit 15 in the bracket 6; The conduit 15 communicates with the multi-nozzle system 11 ; the multi-nozzle system 11 is connected with the electrostatic generator 9 and is opposite to the metal mesh 8 . Wherein, the multi-nozzle system 11 is placed at 15-30 cm above the endless trawl belt 7; the metal mesh 8 is placed in parallel at 5-20 cm below the endless trawl belt 7.

As shown in Figure 2, in the spunbond module 13, after the different polymer raw materials are melted in the screw extruder 1, they are strictly calculated by the metering pump 2 and sent to the spinning assembly 3 for spinning. After stretching the channel, it is drawn into filaments and laid on the mesh curtain. The prepared nonwoven fabric becomes the support layer of the composite film.

As shown in Figure 3, in the electrospinning module 14, the electrostatic generator 9 is connected to the multi-nozzle system 11, the metal mesh 8 is grounded, and a high-voltage electric field is formed between the spinning head and the trawl belt 7; Enter the inner conduit 15 of the bracket 6 through the metering pump 5, and then transport it to the multi-nozzle system 11, form a Taylor cone under the action of gravity and electric field force, and then stretch it into filaments to form nanofibers, which are deposited on the surface of the above-mentioned support layer. The nanofibrous membrane becomes the functional layer of the composite membrane.

Described multi-nozzle system 11 is linear arrangement, as shown in Figure 4, linear arrangement multi-nozzle system is 5 rows, and the number of each row Nozzle is 5, and the distance between Nozzle is 5-10cm, and support 6 and line speed The 5-30m/min ring-shaped trawl belt is parallel and reciprocates at a uniform speed under the action of the driving device 10, the speed is 1-5m/min, and the amplitude is 10-30cm.

It should be noted that the multi-nozzle system can also be arranged in a circular arrangement, a polygonal arrangement or a multi-dimensional arrangement.

The composite film is fed into the composite machine 12, and part of the fibers of the thermoplastic fiber web are melted and softened after being heated, causing adhesion between fibers, and the fiber web is strengthened after cooling, and the physical and mechanical properties of the composite film are improved.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method with nanofiber layer composite functional film, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Melt and mix the first polymer in the screw extruder into the spinning pump, then extrude from the spinneret and cool it into filaments, use high-speed airflow to accelerate the stretching of the fibers, and control the length of the filaments by mechanical or airflow after filament separation The silk is evenly spread on the mesh curtain to form a non-woven fabric; (2) The second polymer and functional components are dissolved in a solvent to form a spinning solution. Under the action of an electrostatic field, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinneret of the electrospinning device, and is attracted by an oppositely charged receiving device. Next, it is sprayed onto the non-woven fabric made of the first polymer to obtain a nanofiber layer composite functional film. 2. the preparation method with nanofiber layer composite functional film according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after described step (2), also comprises that nanofiber layer composite functional film is hot-rolled with composite machine, obtains hot-rolled Shaped composite membrane material. 3. the preparation method with nanofiber layer composite functional film according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first polymer is polypropylene fiber, dacron, nylon, viscose fiber, acrylic fiber, vinylon, cotton, wool, ramie One of. 4. the preparation method with nanofiber layer composite functional film according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described second polymer is nylon, polyamide, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol One of polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl phenol, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and cellulose acetate. 5. the preparation method with nanofiber layer composite functional film according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described functional component is nano metal particle, carbon nanotube, catalyzer, antibiotic, immunosuppressant, antibacterial agent, hormone , vitamins, narcotic drugs, hemostatic drugs, analgesic drugs, antihypertensive drugs in one. 6. A preparation device with a nanofiber layer composite functional film, comprising a spunbond module (13) and an electrospinning module (14), characterized in that the spunbond module (13) and the electrospinning module (14) ) below are placed with endless trawl belt (7), wherein, under the endless trawl belt (7) below the electrospinning module (14) is also provided with a grounded metal mesh (8); the spunbond module (13) Comprising a screw extruder (1) and a spinning assembly (3); the outlet of the screw extruder (1) is connected to the inlet of the spinning assembly (3); the electrospinning module (14) includes a storage The liquid pool (4) and the support (6); the support (6) moves back and forth perpendicular to the conveying direction of the endless trawl belt (7) driven by the driving device (10); the liquid storage pool (4) The outlet of the discharge port links to each other with the conduit (15) in the support (6); the underside of the support (6) is provided with a multi-nozzle system (11) that communicates with the interior conduit (15) of the support; the multi-nozzle system ( 11) It is connected with the electrostatic generator (9), and is opposite to the metal mesh (8). 7. The preparation device with nanofiber layer composite functional membrane according to claim 6, characterized in that, the endless trawl belt (7) below the electrospinning module (13) is connected to the entrance of the composite machine (12). 8. the preparation device with nanofiber layer composite functional membrane according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described multi-nozzle system (11) is placed in endless trawl belt (7) upper side 15-30cm place; The net (8) is placed in parallel on the lower side 5-20cm of the endless trawl belt (7). 9. The device for preparing a composite functional membrane with a nanofiber layer according to claim 6, wherein the multi-nozzle system (11) is arranged in a linear arrangement, a circular arrangement, a polygonal arrangement or a multi-dimensional arrangement. 10. The preparation device with nanofiber layer composite functional film according to claim 9, characterized in that, when the multi-nozzle system (11) is linearly arranged, the linearly arranged multi-nozzle system is not less than 5 Rows, the number of nozzles in each row is not less than 5, and the distance between nozzles is 5-10cm.

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