CN102560170A - 一种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金以及可抑制机械激活过程中的η相的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金以及可抑制机械激活过程中的η相的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金,制备该合金所用的材料由纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉组成,混合物中各组分按重量百分比计分别为:WC粉48~62%、纳米Fe粉33~49%、纳米Y2O3粉2~8%、纳米Sc2O3粉1~3%。本发明通过加入稀土纳米Y2O3、纳米Sc2O3,联合抑制纳米WC和Fe粉高能球磨过程中容易形成的η相。本发明的WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金可应用于厚板钢及因瓦合金表面的激光修复,用于船体、阀门等产品的生产和修复。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面纳米熔覆合金,具体地说,是一种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金以及可抑制混合粉末机械激活过程中的η相的制备方法,可用于厚板钢及因瓦合金表面的激光修复。
背景技术
厚板钢材和因瓦合金是制造船体、阀门等结构的关键材料,在服役过程中发生疲劳、磨损等破坏,严重影响产品的使用性能。另一方面,在船体、阀门的制造过程中,激光熔覆制造技术已经越来越成熟,可以在钢或者因瓦合金表面制备出一层具有耐高温、耐磨损和耐腐蚀的结构,使产品既具有钢或因瓦合金的耐蚀、易成形的性能,同时具有熔覆层所具备的耐高温、耐磨损和耐腐蚀的性能。在造船工业和油气运输行业,不锈钢、因瓦合金、硬质合金是生产关键零部件的重要材料。关键零部件的修复和再制造都是延长产品服役寿命、节能降耗的关键问题。而将激光熔覆技术用于高端产品制造的关键问题之一是开发成熟稳定且具有优异性能的熔覆合金。
在各种熔覆合金中,含有过渡元素(Fe、Co、Ni)的合金是适用广泛的一种材料,特别是Fe基合金材料,由于具有经济性好,与钢、因瓦合金熔合性好而广泛应用。其次,WC是一种常用的强化元素,具有耐磨性能和耐蚀性能良好、高温性能优异的特点。特别是纳米WC的应用,将纳米WC用于开发熔覆合金,不仅具有微米WC所具有的性能,而且大幅提高WC的断裂性能,对于提高熔覆层的韧性具有重要的作用。因此,将纳米WC与纳米Fe混合使用,充分利用纳米WC和Fe的粘结相和强化相的作用,对于开发高端熔覆合金意义重大。在WC-Fe合金制备的过程中,由于W-C-Fe体系在激活条件下,充足的能量将使WC发生分解,活性大的纳米Fe将发生向WC的扩散,WC由于失碳以及过渡元素向基体扩散而形成η相,η相的形成会降低熔覆合金的综合性能。
针对微米级的WC-Fe合金体系,已经提出了平衡条件下通过调节C、稀土、Cr3C2、贫C/贫Co、M/C等成分手段控制界面η相的形成及形态;或者通过控制合成温度抑制η相等中间相的形成,实验证明是有效的。经对现有技术的文献检索发现,W Barona Mercado等在杂志Hyperfine Interact,2007,175:49~54发表的论文“Sythesisand characterization of Fe6W6C by mechanical alIoying”中,提出利用机械合金化的方法机械激活W、C、Fe混合粉末,分别进行了1h、3h、5h、10h、15h、30h的球磨,随着时间的进行,三种粉末逐渐混合,但在混合过程中,形成了Fe3W3C、Fe6W6C等η相。这些非平衡产物的产生容易降低熔覆层的韧性,降低表面机械性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,开发了一种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金。
本发明还提供了上述WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的制备方法,以及纳米熔覆合金制备过程中的η相控制方法。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金,制备该合金所用的材料由纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉组成,混合物中各组分按重量百分比计分别为:WC粉48~62%、纳米Fe粉33~49%、纳米Y2O3粉2~8%、纳米Sc2O3粉1~3%。
一种可抑制混合粉末机械激活过程中的η相的制备方法,制备这种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述含量称量各原料,将称量后的纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉在研钵中混合研磨均匀,时间不宜过长,防止铁粉氧化;
(2)采用机械激活工艺,将步骤(1)的混合粉末通过机械激活,得到WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金。
所述的机械激活工艺为:球料重量比为15∶1、主轴的转速为400转/分,副轴转速-400转/分、球磨时间15h;磨球材料可选用碳化钨合金(WC),磨球直径5~10mm。
为防止球磨过程中发生金属粉末氧化,球磨罐中装样及取样均在气氛保护下的手套箱中进行;保护气体为氩气或氦气。
步骤(1)中所述WC、Sc2O3粉末颗粒的粒径是100nm,Fe、Y2O3粉末颗粒的粒径是50nm。
本发明通过加入稀土纳米Y2O3、纳米Sc2O3,联合抑制纳米WC和Fe粉高能球磨过程中容易形成的η相。
本发明的WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金可应用于厚板钢及因瓦合金表面的激光修复,用于船体、阀门等产品的生产和修复。
附图说明
图1为机械激活后WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金XRD相组成;
图2为WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的扫描形貌和背散射图;
其中,(a)SEM相;(b)为该视野相应的背散射成分相;
图3为纳米颗粒的TEM、SEAD衍射花样和HRTEM图;
其中,(a)为机械激活后的纳米粒子透射电镜形貌;(b)是纳米粒子的高分辨形貌图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与附图对本发明做进一步详细、完整地说明:
实施例1
所述的制备WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的机械激活步骤如下,
(1)首先将分散于酒精中的纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉在真空干燥箱中干燥备用,取出后称重,重量百分比例分别为57.6%、33.4%、8%、1%;在研钵中混合研磨均匀后,氩气气氛条件下密封保存;
(2)采用机械激活工艺,将步骤(1)混合粉末进行机械激活,得到WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金。机械激活工艺为:球料重量比为15∶1、主轴的转速为400转/分,副轴转速400转/分、球磨时间15h;磨球材料可选用碳化钨合金(WC),磨球直径5mm;
(3)取样分析。15h后,在氩气气氛保护下的球磨罐中手套箱中取出试样,在酒精中分散保存备用。
步骤(1)中所述WC、Sc2O3粉末颗粒的粒径是100nm,Fe、Y2O3粉末颗粒的粒径是50nm。
实施例2
所述的制备WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的机械激活步骤如下,
(1)首先将分散于酒精中的纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉在真空干燥箱中干燥备用,取出后称重,重量百分比例分别为:WC粉58%、纳米Fe粉33%、纳米Y2O3粉8%、纳米Sc2O3粉1%。;在研钵中混合研磨均匀后,氩气气氛条件下密封保存;
(2)采用机械激活工艺,将步骤(1)混合粉末进行机械激活,得到WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金。机械激活工艺为:球料重量比为15∶1、主轴的转速为400转/分,副轴转速400转/分、球磨时间15h;磨球材料可选用碳化钨合金(WC),磨球直径5mm;
(3)取样分析。15h后,在氩气气氛保护下的球磨罐中手套箱中取出试样,在酒精中分散保存备用。
实施例3
所述的制备WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的机械激活步骤如下,
(1)首先将分散于酒精中的纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉在真空干燥箱中干燥备用,取出后称重,重量百分比例分别为:WC粉62%、纳米Fe粉35%、纳米Y2O3粉2%、纳米Sc2O3粉1%;在研钵中混合研磨均匀后,氩气气氛条件下密封保存;
(2)采用机械激活工艺,将步骤(1)混合粉末进行机械激活,得到WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金。机械激活工艺为:球料重量比为15∶1、主轴的转速为400转/分,副轴转速400转/分、球磨时间15h;磨球材料可选用碳化钨合金(WC),磨球直径5mm;
(3)取样分析。15h后,在氩气气氛保护下的球磨罐中手套箱中取出试样,在酒精中分散保存备用。
实施例4
所述的制备WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的机械激活步骤如下,
(1)首先将分散于酒精中的纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉在真空干燥箱中干燥备用,取出后称重,重量百分比例分别为WC粉60%、纳米Fe粉34%、纳米Y2O3粉4%、纳米Sc2O3粉2%;在研钵中混合研磨均匀后,氩气气氛条件下密封保存;
(2)采用机械激活工艺,将步骤(1)混合粉末进行机械激活,得到WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金。机械激活工艺为:球料重量比为15∶1、主轴的转速为400转/分,副轴转速400转/分、球磨时间15h;磨球材料可选用碳化钨合金(WC),磨球直径5mm;
(3)取样分析。15h后,在氩气气氛保护下的球磨罐中手套箱中取出试样,在酒精中分散保存备用。
经检测,混合粉末经过机械激活后,WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金XRD相分析结果如附图1所示,从结果可知,在机械激活15小时后,主要相位WC、Fe和少量的WC-η相的过渡相,没有η相形成,稀土Y2O3和Sc2O3的加入,抑制了η相的形成。
WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的SEM相和背散射图像如附图2所示,图2(a)为SEM相,图2(b)为该视野相应的背散射成分相,黑白的像素灰度代表不同的成分,可知,主要成分为白色的WC和灰色的Fe,中间有一定的过渡相,没有η相形成。
试验结果采用透射电镜结构表征试验验证,如附图3所示,图3(a)是机械激活后的纳米粒子透射电镜形貌,左上角的内嵌图是纳米粒子的透射选取电子衍射花样(SAED,Selected Area ElectronDiffraction),表明该纳米粒子结构已经不是单一的WC或者Fe结构,而是一种混合结构,但不包含η相结构,图3(b)是纳米粒子的高分辨形貌图,可见明显的晶格(放大晶格如内嵌图所示),边缘晶格的傅里叶变换(Fourier Transform)如右上角内嵌图所示。因此,根据XRD试验结果、SEM和背散射试验和透射电镜高分辨分析结构,可以判定:本发明的WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金是一种以WC和Fe均匀混合,纳米粒子少量团聚,没有η相形成的合金。提出的稀土Y2O3和Sc2O3的加入,抑制了η相的形成。
Claims (6)
1.一种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金,其特征在于:制备该合金所用的材料由纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉组成,混合物中各组分按重量百分比计分别为:WC粉48~62%、纳米Fe粉33~49%、纳米Y2O3粉2~8%、纳米Sc2O3粉1~3%。
2.一种可抑制混合粉末机械激活过程中的η相的制备方法,其特征在于:制备这种WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按配比称量各原料,将称量后的纳米WC粉、纳米Fe粉、纳米Y2O3粉、纳米Sc2O3粉在研钵中混合研磨均匀,时间不宜过长,防止铁粉氧化;
(2)采用机械激活工艺,将步骤(1)的混合粉末通过机械激活,得到WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的机械激活工艺为:球料重量比为15∶1、主轴的转速为400转/分,副轴转速-400转/分、球磨时间15h;磨球材料可选用碳化钨合金(WC),磨球直径5~10mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:球磨罐中装样及取样均在气氛保护下的手套箱中进行;保护气体为氩气或氦气。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述WC、Sc2O3粉末颗粒的粒径是100nm,Fe、Y2O3粉末颗粒的粒径是50nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的WC-Fe-Y2O3(Sc2O3)纳米熔覆合金,其特征在于:可应用于厚板钢及因瓦合金表面的激光修复。
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