Automobile lithium cell charging balance method and balance sysmte
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrokinetic cell administrative skill field, be specifically related to a kind of automobile lithium cell charging balance method and balance sysmte.
Background technology
The requirement of voltage, power and energy when moving for reaching powerful devices such as electric automobile, battery pack is many to compose in series use by a large amount of electrokinetic cells.Though along with the raising of technical matters, the difference between the battery reduces gradually,, under current manufacture craft level, it is in full accord still to cannot say for sure to demonstrate,prove every batteries characteristic.Especially under the operating mode service conditions, carry out irregular charging, discharge continually, the difference after battery pack work a period of time between the battery can worsen, thereby, make the service efficiency of battery pack reduce, the life-span reduces.
Inconsistency between the battery can not be eliminated fully, and especially this inconsistency is at the beginning of it is produced, just to exist.In order to ensure the application life of battery pack, battery management system just arises at the historic moment, and its groundwork is exactly to find the difference between the battery and dwindle just common alleged cell balancing.
The poised state of battery pack; The voltage absolute difference of average voltage and each cell that typically refers to each cell is in certain scope, and is different according to the required precision of equalizing system, possibly be 0.1V; Also maybe be for other artificial numerical value of setting, like 0.08V, 0.12V etc.
At present, the main method of the inconsistency in the solution charging process is following:
(1) through bypass resistance the higher relatively cell of voltage is discharged, make battery pack reach poised state; This kind balance mode will produce power consumption; And the discharge resistance size is fixing, and its discharging current is unadjustable, and the situation of putting of crossing very little or partly that possibly cause part to be put takes place, and finally causes battery equilibrium poorer.
(2) through adding a fixed current source the relatively low cell of voltage is compensated charging, make battery pack reach poised state; This kind balance mode, the cell smaller along with some capacity of increase of charging capacity will get into the voltage flat-top phase in advance, in this valency section, as not controlling, will be after a period of time battery because of the anti-protection of overvoltage, make the battery pack complete charge.So, the difference between each cell still exists.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem; First purpose of the present invention be to provide a kind of power consumption still less, the better automobile lithium cell charging of counterbalance effect balance method, second purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of and said automobile lithium cell charging balance method corresponding balance sysmte.
For realizing first purpose of the present invention, technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
A kind of automobile lithium cell charging balance method, the difference when being used for balance automobile lithium battery group and being in charged state between each cell, said battery pack comprises a plurality of cells that are cascaded;
Also load a direct current offset supply at each cell two ends, the size of current of said DC compensation power supply can be regulated according to preset program;
In the charging process, on each cell, load two DC power supplys and charge, the first loads on the external direct current power supply at said battery pack two ends, and it two is the compensating direct current power supplys that load on each cell two ends;
When beginning to charge, all said DC compensation power supply full load are opened, and the offset current of exporting identical size is to each cell turnover compensating charge;
In charging process, comprise the following equilibrium step of operation all the time:
Gather the voltage signal of each cell;
According to the said voltage signal of each cell, calculate definite battery pack according to preset program and be in poised state or nonequilibrium condition;
Be in nonequilibrium condition like battery pack, then calculate and confirm to slow down the high voltage cell of charging according to preset program;
Reduce the offset current of said compensating direct current power supply that said need slow down the high voltage cell two ends of charging, reach poised state until battery pack.
In the said automobile lithium cell charging balance method, said said voltage signal according to each cell calculates definite battery pack according to preset program and is in poised state or nonequilibrium condition, specifically:
Calculate the average voltage of each cell according to the said voltage signal of said each cell;
The voltage signal and the said average voltage of each cell are compared; Draw each high voltage cell that magnitude of voltage is higher than said average voltage, and calculate the voltage of each said high voltage cell and the voltage difference between the said average voltage;
The voltage difference of said each high voltage cell is compared with preset voltage threshold; As there be the high voltage cell of voltage difference greater than said voltage threshold; Then battery pack is in nonequilibrium condition; As do not have the high voltage cell of voltage difference greater than said voltage threshold, then battery pack is in poised state.
In the said automobile lithium cell charging balance method, said calculating according to preset program confirmed to slow down the high voltage cell of charging, specifically:
Calculate the average voltage of each cell according to the said voltage signal of said each cell;
The voltage signal and the said average voltage of each cell are compared; Draw each high voltage cell that magnitude of voltage is higher than said average voltage, and calculate the voltage of each said high voltage cell and the voltage difference between the said average voltage;
The voltage difference of said each high voltage cell is compared with preset voltage threshold, and its voltage difference is the high voltage cell that need slow down charging greater than the cell of said voltage threshold.
In the said automobile lithium cell charging balance method, saidly reduce the offset current of said compensating direct current power supply that said need slow down the high voltage cell two ends of charging again, reach poised state, specifically carry out according to following steps until battery pack:
(1) offset current of DC compensation power supply that said need is slowed down the high voltage cell two ends of charging reduces predetermined numerical value;
(2) through after the Preset Time section; Read the state of battery pack once more, become poised state, then stop to reduce the offset current of said DC compensation power supply like the state of said battery pack; State like said battery pack still is a nonequilibrium condition, then gets back to (1) step circular flow (1) and (2) step.
For realizing second purpose of the present invention, technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
A kind of automobile lithium cell charging balance sysmte; Difference when being used for balance automobile lithium battery group and being in charged state between each cell; Said battery pack comprises a plurality of cells that are cascaded, and adds an external direct current power supply at said battery pack two ends and charges; This balance sysmte comprises: slave computer, host computer, switching circuit and DC-DC DC transfer circuit; The input of said DC-DC DC transfer circuit is electrically connected with said external direct current power supply, and its output is connected with each cell through a said switching circuit, and each cell is compensated charging; Said slave computer is connected with the two ends of each said cell, and the voltage signal of the said cell of each of collection also passes to said host computer; Said host computer calculates definite battery pack according to preset program and is in poised state or nonequilibrium condition according to the said voltage signal of each said cell; Be in nonequilibrium condition like said battery pack; Then said host computer calculates according to preset program to be confirmed to slow down the high voltage cell of charging; And control said switching circuit and said compensating direct current power supply reduces the offset current that said need slow down the high voltage cell two ends of charging, reach poised state until battery pack.
Said automobile lithium cell charging balance sysmte also is connected with a temperature sensor on said host computer.
Said automobile lithium cell charging balance sysmte also is provided with a display module on said host computer.
Said automobile lithium cell charging balance sysmte, said slave computer is PLC or single-chip microcomputer.
Said automobile lithium cell charging balance sysmte, said host computer are one to include the main control module of CPU.
Said automobile lithium cell charging balance sysmte, said switching circuit is a FET.
Equalization methods in the charging process of the present invention loads two DC power supplys and charges on each cell, the first loads on the external direct current power supply at said battery pack two ends, and it two is the compensating direct current power supplys that load on each cell two ends; When beginning to charge, the size of current of the compensating direct current power supply that superposes at each cell two ends is identical, promptly is that the compensating circuit full load gets involved at the beginning; In charging process; Constantly gather the voltage signal of each cell; Said voltage signal according to each cell; Calculate definite battery pack according to preset program and be in poised state or nonequilibrium condition, be in nonequilibrium condition, then calculate and confirm to slow down the high voltage cell of charging according to preset program like battery pack; Reducing the charging current of said compensating direct current power supply that said need slow down the high voltage cell two ends of charging again (promptly is: the charging current that reduces this cell), reach poised state until battery pack.The present invention promptly is that the charging rate that slows down high-voltage battery is waited for the low-voltage cell, thereby reaches the charging balance through reducing the charging current of high voltage cell.
Adopt the inventive method; Got into the voltage flat-top before the phase at battery; Can judge, reduce in advance the benefit electricity electric current of the compensating direct current power supply at the higher relatively cell two ends of voltage in advance; Make corresponding cell postpone to get into the flat-top phase, wait for that other cells get into the charging saturation condition together, thereby reach the effect of better charging balance.
The charging current of the present invention through reducing the higher relatively cell of voltage avoided the waste of energy of bypass resistance balanced way to reach balanced purpose, and therefore, the present invention is environmental protection and energy saving more.
Slave computer in the charge balance system of the present invention, host computer, switching circuit and DC-DC DC transfer circuit all are the hardware units that cooperates the inventive method.
Charge balance system of the present invention through the accurate Calculation of host computer, can accurately be controlled the charging current of each cell, and then realize battery balanced purpose, and therefore, the present invention's control is more accurately flexible, and efficient is higher.
In sum, the present invention is with respect to existing automobile reason batteries charging balance method and device, and the difference while between each cell of balance, energy consumption is lower, efficient is higher, better effects if.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the application's a part, does not constitute to improper qualification of the present invention, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention.
1, battery pack 11, cell
2, slave computer 3, host computer
31, display module 4, DC-DC DC transfer circuit
5, switching circuit 6, temperature sensor
7, external direct current power supply
Embodiment
To combine accompanying drawing and specific embodiment to specify the present invention below, be used for explaining the present invention in this illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation, but not as to qualification of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment discloses a kind of automobile lithium cell charging balance method, the difference when being used for balance automobile lithium battery group and being in charged state between each cell, and said battery pack comprises a plurality of cells that are cascaded;
In the charging process, on each cell, load two DC power supplys and charge: the first loads on the external direct current power supply at said battery pack two ends, such as: the DC power supply with a 42V/10A directly connects the battery pack two ends; It two is the compensating direct current power supplys that load on each cell two ends, and the size of current of this compensating direct current power supply can be regulated as requested;
When beginning to charge; All said DC compensation power supply full load are opened, and the offset current of exporting identical size passes in and out compensating charge to each cell, such as: all DC compensation power supplys are all exported the offset current of a 3A and are given each cell compensating charge; 3A is the output current value that the full load of each DC compensation power supply is opened; Need to prove, the invention is not restricted to this concrete numerical value of 3A, can be made as more than the 3A or below the 3A;
In charging process, comprise the following equilibrium step of operation all the time:
Step1: the voltage signal of gathering each cell; Concrete acquisition mode can adopt single-chip microcomputer or PLC etc. to connect the two ends of each cell; Gather the voltage signal at each cell two ends in real time, convert the analog voltage signal that is collected into digital signal that computer can be discerned through some conventional means such as amplification, digital-to-analogue conversions then;
Step2:, calculate definite battery pack according to preset program and be in poised state or nonequilibrium condition according to the said voltage signal of each cell; Specifically can be: the average voltage that calculates each cell according to the said voltage signal of said each cell; The voltage signal and the said average voltage of each cell are compared; Draw each high voltage cell that magnitude of voltage is higher than said average voltage, and calculate the voltage of each said high voltage cell and the voltage difference between the said average voltage; The voltage difference of said each high voltage cell is compared with preset voltage threshold, as have the high voltage cell of voltage difference greater than said voltage threshold, then battery pack is in nonequilibrium condition, otherwise battery pack is in poised state; Wherein voltage difference is the high voltage cell that need slow down charging greater than the high voltage cell of said voltage threshold;
Step3: be in nonequilibrium condition like battery pack, then reduce the offset current of said compensating direct current power supply that said need slow down the high voltage cell two ends of charging, reach poised state until battery pack; Specifically carry out according to following steps:
(1) offset current of DC compensation power supply that said need is slowed down the high voltage cell two ends of charging reduces predetermined numerical value; In this step, predetermined numerical value can be 0.5A, also can be the numerical value of the artificial definition of 0.4A or the like; Such as, the offset current of DC compensation power supply is 3A when beginning to charge, reducing predetermined numerical value is 0.5A, promptly is that the offset current of DC compensation power supply is reduced to 2.5A;
(2) through after the Preset Time section; Read the state of battery pack once more, become poised state, then stop to reduce the charging current of said DC compensation power supply like the state of said battery pack; State like said battery pack still is a nonequilibrium condition, then gets back to (1) step circular flow (1) and (2) step; In this step, the preset time period can be 1 second; Also can be 1.5 seconds etc., this be one with reduce the predetermined relevant parameter of numerical value, reduce soon more; Then the time is short more; Vice versa, but the purpose in order to realize slowly reducing then need be set a relatively rational numerical according to the situation of actual equalizing system.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 1; Present embodiment discloses a kind of automobile lithium cell charging balance sysmte; Difference when being used for balance automobile lithium battery group and being in charged state between each cell; Said battery pack 1 comprises a plurality of cells that are cascaded 11, adds an external direct current power supply 7 at said battery pack 1 two ends and charges; This balance sysmte comprises: slave computer 2, host computer 3, switching circuit 5 and DC-DC DC transfer circuit 4, and slave computer 2 is PLC or single-chip microcomputer, and host computer 3 is one to include the main control module of CPU, and switching circuit can be FET; The input of said DC-DC DC transfer circuit 4 is electrically connected with said external direct current power supply 7, and its output is connected with each cell 11 through a said switching circuit 5, and each cell 11 is compensated charging; Said slave computer 2 is connected with the two ends of each said cell 11, and the voltage signal of the said cell 11 of each of collection also passes to said host computer 3; Said host computer 3 calculates definite battery pack 1 according to preset program and is in poised state or nonequilibrium condition according to the said voltage signal of each said cell 11; Be in nonequilibrium condition like said battery pack 1; Then said host computer 3 calculates according to preset program to be confirmed to slow down the high voltage cell of charging; And control said switching circuit 5 and reduce the offset current that said need slow down the high voltage cell two ends of charging with said compensating direct current power supply, reach poised state until battery pack.
Need to prove; The situation of only schematically having drawn slave computer, a DC-DC DC transfer circuit, two switching circuits among the figure of the present invention, their quantity are that quantity and the actual components and parts that adopted are confirmed according to actual cell, therefore; The invention is not restricted to this; As long as comprise slave computer, switching circuit, DC-DC DC transfer circuit, and the circuit unit or the original paper that are equal to these devices, all be protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the temperature for further management and control battery pack also is connected with the temperature of a temperature sensor 6 with the monitoring management battery pack on said host computer 3.
As shown in Figure 1, ipc monitor management for ease also is provided with a display module 31 on said host computer 3.
Charge+, charge-are the charger ports in Fig. 1, and external direct current power supply 7 charges from two ends to battery pack 1 after inserting, and DC-DC DC converting circuit 4 is also participated in battery charger each cell 11 of opposing later on through step-downs and compensated charging simultaneously; When beginning to charge, the electric current that DC-DC DC converting circuit 4 is carried on each cell 11 is identical, i.e. full-load operation; When finding in the charging process non-equilibrium state to occur in the battery pack; Host computer 3 can send instruction; Control DC-DC DC converting circuit 4 is formed the size that each compensating charge branch road goes to control each battery charge with switching circuit 5, to cross the charging poised state.
The present invention, the mode that adopts many groups to isolate the DC-DC of output is carried out suitable reduction with charging current, carries out PWM via the FET in the control switch circuit (metal-oxide-semiconductor) again; Carry out accurate step-down and Current Control; All compensating charge circuit are full-load operation when beginning to charge, along with the detection to each cell of the increase of charging capacity and host computer; Reduce the higher battery charge of voltage in advance; To postpone the speed of these battery charge, wait for other cells, thereby reach the effect of better charging balance.。
Technology can be generated heat when mending electricity in the past, and energy is fallen through resistance consumption, and resistance is fixed, and electric current is non-adjustable, thus can not be accurately to battery discharge, have put very little or the too many mistake of the putting situation of putting take place, finally can cause the balance of battery poorer.The energy of other present a small amount of application of rising shifts mends electricity, because of the problem of complicated circuit and circuit isolation, also can only mend by the fixed voltage fixed current.Can not reach the accurate effect of mending electricity that possibly reach like the present invention.The present invention is consumes energy not, environmental protection, and efficient is high, and is effective, and control flexibly can be through the benefit power mode of software all over journey reply different situations.Want can to use in the whole charging process, it is flexible and changeable to mend electric mode, can meet the various requirement that battery is mended electricity.
The present invention gets involved in all at the beginning compensating circuit full load of charging, and the battery smaller along with some capacity of increase of charging capacity will get into the voltage flat-top phase in advance, in this stage; As do not control, will be after a period of time battery because of the anti-protection of overvoltage, the present invention got into the voltage flat-top before the phase at battery; Judge in advance, reduce in advance and mend electric current, make battery postpone to get into the flat-top phase; Wait for other cell full load chargings, thereby reach better charging counterbalance effect.
More than the technical scheme that the embodiment of the invention provided has been carried out detailed introduction; Used concrete example among this paper the principle and the execution mode of the embodiment of the invention are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment only is applicable to the principle that helps to understand the embodiment of the invention; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the invention, the part that on embodiment and range of application, all can change, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.