CN1025451C - tube damper - Google Patents

Abstract

Isolator for installation between a pipe and an adjacent installation¹) Is arranged in a screw-sleeve-shaped frame (16) which is arranged on a central cylinder (4) with an adjustable central rod (2) with a gap, the central rod is provided with threaded connecting rods (34, 36) with opposite turning directions. Isolator (I)¹) The energy absorbing wire rope loops are placed in a pre-compressed state and have a dual linear spring characteristic which is adjustable by varying the diameter of the tube (16) of the structure and the thickness of the mat (30) which is part of the base member (28) of the isolator, fixed in place relative to the tube wall (18).

Description

Pipe Restraint

The application is that the application number of submitting in the U.S. on July 16th, 1992 is No.07/915,477, name is called the extendible portion of the patent application of pipe Restraint (piperestraint), and No.07/915, No. 477 patent applications are again the No.07/808 that submitted in the U.S. on December 16th, 1991, the extendible portion of No. 132 patent applications.

Pipe-line system is fixed on two ends or multiterminal by the processing equipment that they connected usually.Owing to increase the tube expansion that is caused, so pipe will resemble and be out of shape shown in Figure 1 by the caused heat of heat processing liquid.On some positions of pipe, limit dynamic displacement if desired, and pipe also has thermal walking, then will have design contradiction with damper.For example, be so really just in the power station, there, the thermal stretching of pipe can reach 450 millimeters (18 inches).

For example, if resemble shown in Figure 1A place the damper of a rigidity at the A point, then pipe will can not resemble and expand shown in Figure 1, and may cause a kind of stress of crossing in pipe, perhaps produce a kind of unacceptable load on processing equipment.The industrial use by buffer has solved this contradiction.Buffer can allow pipe free expansion in the process of dynamic event, but instantaneous constraint pipe.The buffer with fluid power of machinery all has been used to the restrained line system.The defective that buffer had is, their complexity, and the maintenance that needs repairing, and have malfunctioning history.For example, in the nuclear industry field, these problems have caused audit program of a high price.Conversely, this situation is impelled people to take measures to reduce the quantity of buffer again and is considered other feasible program.

A kind of scheme of buffer that replaces is to use the spaced apart supports thing.The defective of the dynamic damper of this form is that it does not absorb energy, and has structurally applied very high impulsive load.

Another kind can replace the scheme of buffer to be to use acceptor of energy.People have proposed various forms of acceptor of energies.Resemble U.S. Pat-4,620,688 disclosed like that, one type be to use steel plate, the plastic deformation by steel plate absorbs energy.The defective of this device is that its cycle fatigue life is very low.The acceptor of energy of other type such as U.S. Pat-4,955,467 and US-4, shown in 901,829.In these devices, energy is absorbed by friction.The major defect of the device of these patents is to cause big mutability by frictional force.

In another device, the primary element of damper is the multiply spirality cable wire that is clipped between the two boards, like this, when vibration takes place, absorbs energy by the distortion of cable wire.This member of this device-that is " isolator "-militarily, on the man-made satellite, on the warship, on the space shuttle, on the aircraft, on the go-anywhere vehicle and other field used for many years.The main effect of isolator be with vibration from a member to the transmission of a member reduce to minimum.The main producer of isolator is two fens U.S. Pat-4,783 of relevant isolator, 038 and US-4, and 190,227 assignee-New York, 11805, " AEPOFLEXIn-ternational, the Inc. " of Plainview.

Other relevant prior art is seen U.S. Pat-2,421,822, US-3,204,911 and US-4,397,069.

This inventor 1984 first consider with the damper of spirality cable wire isolator as pipe.Once thought that this device will be a kind of good shock damping device that can substitute the buffer in the pipe-line system.With the main provider of AEPOFLEX-isolator-talk show that they do not think that this damper will work well as isolator, reason is that the frequency capability of helical configuration response earthquake is lower.At that time, this inventor's idea is pipe and equipment not to be kept apart, so that will reduce to minimum to the vibrations input quantity of pipe, but, add damping with this device to pipe-line system, and during a shock event, the displacement of pipe is remained on acceptable level.He admits, although buffer limit displacement, what damping they almost do not add to system.

Therefore, 1984, he built a testing apparatus, in order to characteristic that determine to support with isolator and pipe isolator support useless.The result of test is very significant, and it depends on that isolator offers the amount of the additional damping of system.1986, in " about the modern problem discussion meeting of nuclear electricity factory structure, equipment and pipeline " that North Carolina University holds, he delivered this test result.These identical results were disclosed on " nuclear engineering and design " (" Nuclear Engineering and Design ") in 1988 afterwards.This piece paper is marked as " Vol.107, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1988, pp201-204 ".

According to inspirer test result, this inventor begins to propagate with the thought of isolator as the pipe Restraint of vibrations and instantaneous application fluid power.This propaganda work mainly is to carry out at the open report of being done aspect the piping design several times at Commonwealth Edison Company with by him.

Nineteen ninety, when " national Edison Co. " decision was tried isolator is contained on the pipe-line system that a floor that is just causing pipe and is connected vibrating with the degree that can not put up with, a large amount of pipeline uses had occurred.This inventor has been incorporated into the spiral isolator in a kind of design that is different from this invention, and allows to use existing tube supports member.Under the sort of situation, owing to pipe is supported with rigid strutting piece in the problem points of pipe in advance, therefore, the thermal expansion of pipe is not a problem.Be also noted that in the sort of special application, the main purpose of said device has been the effect of isolator.Pipe and floor have been isolated in the use of isolator, so that pipe is reduced to minimum to the vibration on floor input.This is a kind of tradition application of isolator.It is minimum that second purpose of the sort of device is that the amplitude with tube vibration reduces to.This complete equipment is successful.

Isolator is as pipe Restraint, and that claimant has advocated several years, and still, this invention has comprised an ignorant in advance new discovery.

Use a subject matter of isolator to be, the contradiction that the thermal expansion of pipe and one are used for the designing requirement between the system of dynamic event damping does not solve.Though the use of isolator can provide some thermal expansions, yet because isolator acts on the damping elastic force of pipe, thermal expansion generally only limits on a small quantity.Because conventional isolator has directly produced the contradiction of the identical designing requirement between thermal expansion and restriction dynamic displacement as pipe Restraint, therefore, the above-mentioned the sort of amount of providing has limited the use of isolator as pipe Restraint.A kind of isolator is a spring.For the consideration of thermal expansion aspect, soft spring is more satisfactory, and purpose is not make pipe stressed excessive or do not make the equipment overburdening of terminating.But with regard to dynamic item, hard spring is more satisfactory, limits dynamic displacement because wish with it.

On December 16th, 1991, having submitted a application number to United States Patent Office is No.07/808,132 patent application, this invention be a kind of simple in structure, be easy to check and the power absorption and the pipe displacement limit device of seldom maintenance.Improvement to this patent application has also been applied for patent on July 16th, 1992 to United States Patent Office, and number of patent application is No.07/915,477.These two inventions of having applied for patent can be used as the pipe Restraint of the pipe that connects the displacement that easily takes place to be caused by dynamic load and thermal distortion and adjacent equipment.They can be regulated with the mode that is similar to swivel nut, and, expanding and compressing the hardness that has balance aspect two, this balanced rigidity opposing bending under load.

U.S. Patent application No.07/915, the 477 pairs of Application No. are that the improvement of several respects has been carried out in 07/808,132 invention.These improvement comprise: more effectively use wire rope; A kind of lighter and compacter damper designs; An additional device that guarantees bilinearity spring rate characteristic; One is delivered to the device of the load on the equipment in order to restriction and for being easy to produce the various devices that provide.These improvement are the changes by the housing of the geometric shape of deadeye and structure, and add inner bounding means and finish.Each improvement is explained as follows:

Deadeye: the becket bridle of the wire rope isolator that can buy in a large number used in the original invention is arranged like this-promptly when resembling when adding compressive load as shown in Figure 2, they form a kind of stable geometrical shape.This requirement is to arrange becket bridle at relative both direction shown in Figure 2 and realize by resembling.But this stable layout of becket bridle in the present invention and do not require like this and do.This is because becket bridle is subjected to is shearing load rather than compressive load, and comes stable by structure housing of the present invention.In addition, in form shown in Figure 2, the sort of wire rope that is arranged as in the invention of becket bridle provides low utilization efficiency.This is because when isolator bears shearing load shown in Fig. 2 A, the cause of the difference of the load aspect that becket bridle bore.Some of them becket bridle distortion is bigger, therefore, and other just big of suffered load ratio.Can poor efficiency be reduced to minimum by resemble the form that is close to parallel becket bridle along a direction coiled shown in Figure 6 with a continuous wire rope.In addition, resemble U.S. Patent application 07/915, in 477 disclosed like that, can be by increasing the 3rd supporting rod, making each becket bridle and all becket bridles are resembled with the single wire rope of certain-length and be arranged in parallel plane Fig. 6 B and poor efficiency is eliminated fully.The mode of the wire rope of this each length of use and the 3rd supporting rod is similar to U.S. Pat-4,783, the arch isolator described in 038.In both cases, all be that becket bridle is clipped between two grip blocks, as shown in Figure 7 usually.A kind of mapping mode of clamping becket bridle is to use a rectangular pipe that is filled with epoxy resin, shown in Fig. 7 A.This a kind of mode in back of clamping becket bridle has been used in New York, in the isolator that ENIDINE produced of Orchard Park.This mode of clamping becket bridle is extended to the central loading bearing piece of damper by the present invention.For example, center piece can be made of pipe, and pipe has the hole of establishing for steel wire penetrating.Then, epoxy resin will be filled out, so that becket bridle is fixed on the position, as shown in Figure 8 in the center tube.As a kind of conversion scheme, the cast metal also can be used for replacing the epoxy resin cavity filling.The third mode of clamping becket bridle be with said bar/center-pole be cast in becket bridle after the shaping around.

Parallel or intimate being arranged in parallel of becket bridle also provides a kind of bilinear power offset characteristic, simultaneously not precompressed becket bridle also.Because parallel or intimate parallel becket bridle geometrical shape, therefore, when initial offset, isolator is more soft aspect shearing, and along with the increase of skew, it is firm that isolator becomes, as shown in figure 17.Figure 17 is the experimental result that draws from an isolator with the becket bridle that is arranged in parallel, and said becket bridle is pressurization in advance.This bilinear characteristics provides a kind of " soft " spring on the one hand, allows the pipe thermal expansion, and a kind of " firmly " spring performance is provided on the other hand, in order to the dynamic displacement of confinement tube.The scope of the part of " soft " of spring can further increase by being described in the such precompressed becket bridle in the U.S. Patent application 07/808,132 before resembling.

Effective layout of becket bridle also can be provided convenience for the boundary dimension that reduces the pipe Restraint structure housing.In the nuclear power plant or the processing factory that use these dampers, sometimes limit because of the space, wish that housing boundary dimension is littler.Other damping device provides the global shape of a compactness.A kind of method that reduces the boundary dimension of pipe Restraint is to realize by becket bridle being arranged in formation shown in Figure 12.

Structure housing: U.S. Patent application No.07/808, the structure housing of a kind of rectangular shape of 132 usefulness is come the clamping becket bridle.The spread pattern of the becket bridle that U.S. Patent application 07/915,477 is described and shown in Figure 8 is more suitable for the housing of circular pipe as structure.This is desirable, because the pipe of various diameter and thickness all is easy to buy.The use of circular pipe provides a kind of other measure of precompressed becket bridle, prevents the measure that becket bridle damages, and the measure of the probability that the people is hurt when becket bridle is offset during being reduced in pipe and moving.

The structure housing that is made of pipe also provides effective production to adapt to the measure of various rigidity and load carrying capacity.Because the becket bridle produced is in the set of dimensions of standard, therefore, just can increase the rigidity and the load carrying capacity of damper by simply more becket bridle group being added to (as shown in figure 15) on long bar and the structure housing.Another kind of selection scheme is, can be with three or four becket bridle groups round center-pole equipment, shown in Figure 16 and 16A.

Inner bounding means: the power relevant with shock event with the fluid power transient process of pipeline is difficult to know for sure.In industrial design, these power are with " nominal " design load, although selected nominal design load is considered to contain maximum actual load, yet sometimes actual load can surpass the nominal design load.Pipe Restraint is to select according to the ability of their design load that bears nominal.On U.S. Patent application 07/808,132 described damper,, then may cause the plastic deformation of deadeye owing to undue skew if surpass this load.This undue skew also can cause the overload of pipe-line system.Limit this undue skew and in the measure that a safety range is provided aspect the ability to bear of the power of damper as a kind of.It is described such to resemble U.S. Patent application 07/915,477, comes limiting displacement with an inner bounding means.The supporting rod of becket bridle can be used as bounding means, perhaps bounding means is welded on the center-pole, perhaps makes the part of the whole of bounding means as center-pole.Another kind of replacement scheme is that bounding means is fixed on the center-pole with safety pin.The size of this class safety pin selects like this-promptly: and the weak link in the various parts that bear load that make that they become damper.Their size is also determined by the safety coefficient of the rated load of damper.The use of safety pin provides the extra ability that absorbs lot of energy, if they are by plastic deformation.Under excessive dynamic moving situation, this energy that absorbs extraly provides extra protection to pipe-line system, and will be delivered to load limit on the equipment at the malfunctioning load of safety pin.

The present invention provides with the identical improvement project of U.S. Patent application 07/915,477 with asymmetric ground a kind of like this mapping mode of arranging steel wire rope becket bridle.The present invention is that two inventions of 07/808,132 and 07/915,477 improve to Application No. also.Improvement comprises: extra power absorption is provided by means of friction member; Provide extra thermal expansion by means of the gap in the device.Said asymmetric becket bridle is arranged and is improved and is described below:

Asymmetric ground becket bridle is arranged: U.S. Patent application 07/808,132 and 07/915,477 all is arranged in becket bridle around the center-pole with symmetrical manner.The invention provides a kind of conversion scheme of arranging becket bridle-promptly: as shown in Figure 4, with becket bridle be arranged in asymmetricly center-pole around.The asymmetric layout of becket bridle also can allow becket bridle to be exposed at the outside of load-bearing spare, as shown in figure 11.This setting type in back can the direct observation becket bridle, and needn't dismantle the load-bearing spare of damper, if this is the desirable words of some special applications.The becket bridle that the arrangement of these conversion can use the wire rope by continuous as shown in Figure 6 to make perhaps uses the single becket bridle joint shown in Fig. 6 C, still keeps a kind of damper structure of compactness simultaneously.

Can on center-pole and structure housing, not produce bending load to the becket bridle structure of moving.This bending is caused by structure housing with in order to becket bridle is clamped in perpendicular to the center-pole on the direction of center-pole.If the left side is not subjected to approximately, then when becket bridle is sheared skew, they also will be offset in vertical direction, as shown in Figure 3A.Shown in Fig. 3 B,, when becket bridle is sheared skew, can produce a power perpendicular to shear direction by in vertical direction the becket bridle clamping.In asymmetric becket bridle was arranged, this vertical force can cause center-pole and structure housing bending.This power and becket bridle rigidity in vertical direction is proportional, and the skew that is sheared along with becket bridle and increasing.

According to becket bridle rigidity in vertical direction, when damper was coupled with load, said bending load may cause bigger flexural stress on center-pole, and may cause the increase of center-pole skew.Shown in Figure 10 A and 11B, by on center-pole/becket bridle assembly, adding the part of strengthening, can this stress and offset minus is extremely minimum.

Have a fairly large number of becket bridle and/or provide the damper of bigger pipe thermal walking will have long structure housing and center-pole.In this case, linking a reinforcer on center-pole may not accomplish.As shown in Figure 5, a sliding bearing that adds to go in the damper assembly can make the bending load on center-pole and the structure housing reduce to minimum.Shown in Fig. 5 A, in this structure, sliding bearing has been filled center-pole and has been adjacent to space between that root becket bridle supporting rod of structure housing.For sliding bearing is worked, the assembly of becket bridle directly is not fixed on the structure housing.Generation be, as shown in Figure 5.Check plate is incorporated in this design proposal, to keep the position of becket bridle assembly with respect to structure housing.After damper is coupled with load, because sliding bearing causes internal force balance in vertical direction, so bending load is reduced to minimum.Having the sliding bearing that can make Friction load reduce to minimum different pcrmanent lubrication agent is easy to buy in a large number.

Friction member: if sliding bearing is not lubricated, then extra energy can be dissipated in the present invention.In this case, bearing has just become a friction member.In the becket bridle arrangement of symmetry, add two friction members shown in Figure 14 and also can realize above-mentioned purpose by resembling.The adding of friction member has produced the power offsets of Patent right frictional acceptor of energy that has been different from former acquisition.As U.S. Pat-4,955,467 and US-4, in 901, the 829 described frictional acceptor of energies, frictional force is constant on the whole friction stroke of damper.In the present invention, frictional force depends on the side-play amount of damper.

By selecting the damper housing rightly and isolate backing plate, can make to exist between friction member and the center-pole a little gap.Like this, in the center portion of damper stroke, frictional force will equal zero.When damper when the center travel position moves to the middle of stroke position, said space closure, and the smaller but frictional force that increased occurred.This frictional force is added to by in the recovery shear knife that becket bridle provided that is offset.When the displacement of damper increases, crosses the middle of stroke position when arriving at the stroke end, because becket bridle has in vertical direction increased the cause of bigger restoring force, become very big of frictional force.

Transformable frictional force provided by the invention is desirable, because when damper walked to center/neutral position, frictional force was smaller, therefore, almost not effect aspect the thermal expansion of confinement tube.When causing the displacement of pipe to increase such as shock event or fluid power transition because of instantaneous load, become very big of Friction load, and with the restoring force stack of deadeye, thus stop the displacement of pipe.

When damper was in circuit, energy was dissipated by the sluggishness by the circulation frictional force that friction member provided.In addition, this energy dissipation also comprises the energy dissipation that skew caused by deadeye.

Temperature gap: it is disclosed like that to resemble U.S. Patent application 07/915,477, and damper of the present invention is by means of parallel or be close to the bilinearity stiffness characteristics of parallel becket bridle and the thermal expansion of pipe is provided.Resemble U.S. Patent application 07/808, disclosed such in 132, by precompression becket bridle assembly, the part of " soft " in the bilinear curve can further increase, and permission pipe thermal expansion extraly, by means of the gap, the invention provides the method that the third allows pipe to expand extraly, as shown in Figure 4.This gap is provided by the transposition of same pipe of center-pole and telescopic sleeving rod assembly.Amount by the pipe additional thermal expansion of gap regulation is a simple function of gap length.In the becket bridle of symmetry is arranged, also can provide similar gap.Different with " gapped " damper of routine, the gap is incorporated into the present invention can produce impact load pipe and support device.This is that wire rope has caused the cause of deceleration and power absorption because after any splaying is closed.The Bdlleville disc spring is by with having advanced among the design, and purpose is when the gap is closed suddenly, with it impact load between inner body is reduced to minimum.The present invention provides the mode of simple adjusting play size in the position of the thread stop part of damper one end by change.

The present invention be a kind of simple in structure, check easily and the improvement of few maintenance power absorption and pipe displacement limit device, it is the variation of U.S. Patent application 07/808,132 and 07/915,477.The present invention also provides restriction immediate movement and endergonic extra measure by increasing a friction member.The present invention also provides the extra measure that allows the pipe thermal expansion by the adding in gap.The present invention can be used as the pipe Restraint that connects pipe that the displacement that caused by dynamic load and thermal distortion easily takes place and adjacent equipment.It can be regulated with the mode that is similar to swivel nut, and in compression with expand the power offsets that has symmetry aspect two, and this feature is the bending of opposing under the load.

The present invention arranges deadeye in a kind of mode of compactness, so that the boundary dimension of damper is reduced to minimum, said layout can be symmetrical, also can be asymmetric.The arrangement of becket bridle can be diversified, comprises an efficient apparatus that all becket bridle loads are equated.Inner bounding means provides and has prevented that becket bridle from crossing the means of displacement component.Safety pin is in order to absorbing energy extraly in the past, and as the weak link of the load-bearing element of damper.The power absorption friction member provides a transformable frictional force, and this frictional force is minimum in the thermal expansion scope of damper, and when the displacement of damper surpassed the thermal expansion scope, this frictional force can increase greatly.

Novel apparatus of the present invention comprises a center-pole with bounding means, and this center-pole telescopically in the hollow cylinder of central authorities slides.The two ends of center-pole have bounding means, and one of them bounding means is a thread type, so that an adjustable gap is provided.One second hollow cylinder telescopically holds an end of said central cylinder slidably.This second cannulated sleeve provides the constant length adjustment of damper.

What connect second cylinder is an end cap, and this end cap has isolated two walls and centers on an intermediate portion of central cylinder, so that central herein cylinder and end cap move to axial.End cap is connected on the pipe as framework or housing with screw thread or alternate manner.Be connected pipe the other end be the another one end cap, this end cap is around an intermediate portion of central cylinder and allow to move to axial.First basic part is installed on the cylndrical surface of middle body of central cylinder.Second basic part then is positioned at and is fixed on the position of wall of the pipe (framework or housing) on the first basic component opposite.The parts of an endergonic wire line thimble are fixed on first basic part and second basic part, when being set at zero, said adjustable clearance has bilinearity power offset characteristic so that constitute one, and the pipe damper displacement that when said adjustable clearance is non-vanishing, has trilinear power offset characteristic, said each becket bridle has the part that is in its pre-compressed state.

First basic part all comprises a becket bridle lock-bit spare and a becket bridle positioning rod, so that determine the precompressed degree of endergonic deadeye, and therefore adjusts the range in stiffness of bilinearity spring performance.

Becket bridle can be made with the wire rope of a continuous length.On the other hand, becket bridle also the wire rope of available single length make and by the locking of three basic parts.No matter under which kind of situation, the skew of deadeye all is limited in that deadeye basic part of being connected with central cylinder with in the gap between the housing end plug.

The basic part of becket bridle can be made of the parallel-plate by means of frictional force clamped wire rope, perhaps is made of the hollow pipe fitting of having filled epoxy resin or cast metal for the chucking wire rope.

When requiring to limit the radially bending of central cylinder, adding a reinforcing bar near that the first basic part place that links to each other with central cylinder.Another scheme is that a sliding bearing is arranged between the central cylinder and second basic part, so that limit radially bending of central cylinder.

By substituting sliding bearing, damper designs can be become absorb the form of additional energy with friction member.Friction member can be arranged in the asymmetric structure of becket bridle described in the invention, perhaps a plurality of friction members is arranged in the symmetric construction of becket bridle.

Being connected to by means of safety pin on the central cylinder is an inner bounding means.If the rated load of damper is exceeded, safety pin is as a controlled brittle link in the load-bearing spare of damper, and the means of additional absorbent energy are provided.

The Bei Shi cup spring is arranged on the center-pole, and when in the said internal void any one closed suddenly because of certain temporal event, cup spring action when the termination of each gap was to alleviate the impact to inner bounding means.

Apparatus of the present invention are connected between pipe and the adjacent equipment, and it has the ability of adjusting damper " mounting points " swivel nut shape.Be installed in said termination by the connecting rod of making the opposite screw thread of rotation direction in the termination away from the intermediate portion of center-pole of first and second hollow cylinders and will having a circular eye by screw thread adjustablely can realize this point.

The present invention geometrical construction ground by this way arranges isolator, therefore, allow an end of the present invention to be connected on the pipe, and the other end is connected on the static equipment.This damper allows thermal expansion, shows good damping characteristics and has high cycle fatigue life.The present invention can bear expansion and compression load and be not crooked, and the form that can be similar to swivel nut is adjusted.

The present invention has used the center-pole and the deadeye in " swivel nut " pipe that has a positioning rod of " gapped ", and this positioning rod is in order to the formation compressive state.Like this, by providing a kind of adjustable pipe Restraint to solve the contradiction of designing requirement with trilinear power offset characteristic.In other words, the present invention has a scope that moves freely and is used for " soft " range of spring of thermal expansion and is used for dynamic event " firmly " range of spring.The bilinearity of power curve of deviation partly is by becket bridle being arranged in parallel plane or being close in the parallel plane, and with the mode of diameter that changes the housing pipe and increase positioning rod becket bridle is compressed and to produce.By the diameter of change pipe and/or the thickness of positioning rod, the scope of the part of " soft " of spring can be changed, and can change the degree of pipe thermal distortion and/or displacement by the radial clearance that changes assembling.

Can add a friction member on the damper of the present invention to, so that absorb extra energy.By the frictional force that friction member produced is variable, and therefore, this frictional force is minimum in the scope of " soft " of damper, and friction can become very big in the scope of " firmly " of damper.Therefore, this frictional force has very little effect aspect the confinement tube thermal expansion, and, control dynamic displacement and endergonic extra means are provided.

The response characteristic of damper of the present invention can be by changing gap, wire rope the twist or twist with the fingers to, the profile of becket bridle configuration and the quantity of becket bridle and design.Response characteristic can also change by the parallelism (having changed the scope of spring rate like this) of compression becket bridle and/or change becket bridle.Response characteristic can further change by increasing friction member.

The present invention disposes gap, isolator and optional friction member to produce trilinear power offset characteristic mode.This is that the thermal walking and the dynamic load that satisfy pipe are simultaneously protected desirable feature.

Fig. 1 be connected in processing equipment-a pump and jar-between the front elevational schematic of pipe, there is shown the consequence of temperature variation on the pipe-that is the cold state of pipe and increase the hot state of the pipe that causes by the caused heat of the fluid of the heat in the pipe.

Figure 1A is a view that is similar to Fig. 1, and wherein, the pipe Restraint of a rigidity is fixed on " A " point, therefore, pipe can not resemble and expand Fig. 1, but can cause a kind of overload condition on pipe, perhaps produces a kind of unacceptable load on processing equipment.

Fig. 2 is a front elevational schematic of bearing the isolator that can buy in a large number of compression load.

Fig. 2 A is a front elevational schematic of bearing the isolator that can buy in a large number of shear load.

Fig. 3 is the front elevational schematic of an isolator under the no load condition.

Fig. 3 A is the front elevational schematic of an isolator that causes being offset on shear direction and Vertical direction because of shear load.

Fig. 3 B is the front elevational schematic of the isolator of a skew, and it is confined in vertical direction, and at shear direction load is arranged.

Fig. 4 is the front elevational schematic of power absorption of the present invention and pipe displacement limit device, this device has endergonic deadeye, because the cause of basic positioning rod, each becket bridle has the part that is in an its pre-compressed state, this device also has slip center-pole and a sliding bearing with termination of opening, perhaps a power absorption sliding friction part.

Fig. 4 A is the sectional view along 4A-4A line among Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 B is the sectional view along 4B-4B line among Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 C be one in order to the indicator that visual scale is arranged of determining the carrying capacity on central cylinder position and the deadeye and another at the partial enlarged drawing on the center-pole assembly in order to the indicator that visual scale is arranged of determining the skew of assembly in said gap.

Fig. 5 is a front elevational schematic of using the damper of slip, gapped center-pole assembly.

Fig. 5 A is the sectional view along 5A-5A line among Fig. 5.

Fig. 6 is the front elevational schematic with isolator of the intimate parallel becket bridle of being made by the wire rope of continuous length.

Fig. 6 A is the sectional view along 6A-6A line among Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 B is the positive schematic representation with isolator of the parallel becket bridle of being made by the wire rope of single length.

Fig. 6 C is the sectional view along 6C-6C line among Fig. 6 B.

Fig. 7 is a front elevational schematic of describing a kind of method of clamping of clamped wire rope becket bridle.

Fig. 7 A is the front elevational schematic of describing in the mode of epoxy resin or cast metal clamped wire rope becket bridle.

Fig. 8 is the front elevational schematic that deadeye is clamped in a damper in the mesotube with the mode of filling epoxy resin or cast metal.

Fig. 8 A is the sectional view along 8A-8A line among Fig. 8.

Fig. 9 is that an expression is put into front elevational schematic of the present invention to asymmetric becket bridle member at this sliding bearing that radially bends of central without limits.

Fig. 9 A is the sectional view along 9A-9A line among Fig. 9.

Figure 10 is a front elevational schematic, and it has represented an asymmetric becket bridle member and a reinforcer have been put into the present invention.

Figure 10 A is the sectional view along 10A-10A line among Figure 10.

Figure 11 is a schematic representation, wherein shows to put into asymmetric becket bridle member of the present invention, and for easy perusal, becket bridle is exposed to the outside of load-bearing spare.

Figure 11 A is the front elevational schematic of Figure 11.

Figure 11 B is the sectional view along 11B-11B line among Figure 11 A.

Figure 12 is the front elevational schematic of two isolators that combine.

Figure 12 A is the sectional view along 12A-12A line among Figure 12.

Figure 13 is the front elevational schematic that shows the becket bridle member of putting into symmetric arrangement of the present invention.

Figure 13 A is the sectional view along 13A-13A line among Figure 13.

Figure 14 is one and puts into the becket bridle member of symmetric arrangement of the present invention and the front elevational schematic of sliding friction part.

Figure 14 A is the sectional view along 14A-14A line among Figure 14.

Figure 15 is the front elevational schematic that damper is put into a plurality of isolators in a demonstration.

Figure 16 is the schematic representation of looking closely that damper is put into three isolators in a demonstration.

Figure 16 A is the schematic representation of looking closely that damper is put into four isolators in a demonstration.

Figure 17 is one and has the not bilinearity spring characteristic curve figure of the typical devices of compression once more of Fig. 4 and the parallel becket bridle shown in Fig. 4 A and becket bridle.

Figure 18 be one shown in Figure 15 and 15A, have a trilinear power offset characteristic plotted curve of typical devices in the center-pole gap of the precompressed amount of for example 38 millimeters (1.5 inches) and 51 millimeters (2 inches).

Among the figure, numeral 1 expression according to principle of the invention manufacturing, simple in structure, be easy to check and seldom maintenance, improved power absorption and pipe displacement limit device or pipe Restraint.This device is used for easily the connection between the same adjacent equipment of the pipe that is subjected to displacement because of dynamic load and thermal change load or thermal distortion.

Device 1 is an assembly, it comprises a center-pole 2, a cannulated sleeve 12 that has a kind of internal thread of rotation direction is installed in an end of center-pole, a cannulated sleeve 6 that has an internal thread of opposite rotation direction is installed in an opposite end of center-pole, and the internal thread of each cylinder is all at their that end away from the intermediate portion of center-pole 2.

Center-pole 2 is held with the sliding sleeve relation by two cup springs and a hollow cylinder 8 at the one end.And, be shaped on screw thread on the center-pole 2 at its an opposite end, and connect in order to same tapped ring 10, will encircle 10 by a pin 42 and be locked on the center-pole 2.The other end that end has the cylinder 12 of internal thread has a holding down bolt 14, and this holding down bolt 14 is pressed on the plane 46 on the center-pole 2, in case so that the gap prevents to get loose after setting.By means of a hole 50 that is arranged on the housing inlet is led to holding down bolt 14.

Center-pole 2 is held with the relation of sleeve by two Bei Shi cup springs 38 and limiting cylinder 8.Center- pole assembly 2,8,10,12 and 38 is held with the relation of the sleeve of slides within by a central cylinder 4.Limiting cylinder 8 is installed on the central cylinder 4 by means of a safety pin 44.Safety pin 44 such sizings-promptly: make it become the weak link of load-bearing spare.Safety pin 44 also provides safety coefficient for the damage of device.Be applied on the damper if will damage load, safety pin 44 also provides the extra means that absorb the load on energy and the restriction Architecture Design.

What link to each other with cylinder 6 is that an intermediate portion with a sidewall 18 itself and central cylinder 4 is separated by and with the pipe or the housing 16 of its encirclement.Pipe or housing 16 also have end wall 20 and 22, have axle sleeve or opening 24 on each end wall, so that allow frame 16 also cylinder 4 slip relatively on cylinder 4 with having axial constraint.

One have becket bridle 32, use I ¹The isolator of expression is contained in the pipe 16, and it comprises the first basic profiled member 26 and second a basic profiled member 28 that is installed on the wall 18 relative with first basic part 26 on the cylndrical surface of an intermediate portion that is installed in cylinder 4 respectively.Isolator I ¹Second basic part 28 by the end plate 60 and 62 fix in position that are fixed on the housing 16.Basis profiled member 26 and its contradictory 28 are spaced apart each other, and the distance that separates depends on other profiled member or the backing plate 30 with thickness, will stand the precompression of much amounts to determine endergonic deadeye 32.This precompressed amount decision resemble shown in Figure 16 spring performance.

The sliding bearing 56 of a selflubricating has limited the stress that radially bends of central cylinder 4.Another kind of conversion scheme is by not using lubricated surface, can make sliding bearing 56 play friction member.This slider provides power offset characteristic that changes damper and the means that absorb extra energy.Basic part 26 with the gap between end cap 20 and the end cap 22 by allowing isolator I ¹The range that moves is determined.

What be screwed into above-mentioned first and second hollow cylinders 6 and 12 with screw thread is respectively connecting rod 34 and 36, and connecting rod 34 and 36 has the opposite screw thread of rotation direction, in order to the cylinder that coexists away from the threaded engagement on that end of the intermediate portion of center-pole 2.Locking nut 40 prevents getting loose of rod end 34 and 36.Being installed in the central cylinder 4 is a key 48, and it is held by a keyway that is made on the annulus 10, sets said gap or adjusts in the mode of a swivel nut after the length of damper with box lunch, prevents that center-pole from rotating relative to central cylinder.For example, one of connecting rod will be connected on the piping spare (not shown), and the other end is connected on the adjacent equipment (not shown), and this equipment can be the part of a static facility such as building, or adjacent parts of processing equipment.Some hole (not shown) can be set, so that determine that connecting rod 34 and 36 is respectively with the screw-thread fit of the minimum of cylinder 6 and 12 on cylinder 6 and 12.

Plane of end processing at cylinder 12 carves visual scale 52 on this plane, indicate the interstitial site of center-pole 2 with respect to central cylinder 4 with this.Gone out a plane at an end of central cylinder 4 also machining, carved visual scale 54 on it, this end of central cylinder 4 also has nameplate 58, so that determine the skew and the payload of deadeye.

The present invention can have various variation structures.Fig. 5 to Figure 16 shows various forms of the present invention and its member.Referring to Fig. 5, at isolator I ¹The bilinearity stiffness characteristics have under the situation of soft enough scope of a thermal expansion scope that guarantees pipe, can cancel center- pole assembly 2,8,10,12 and 38.In this case, hollow tubular 4 has accommodated connecting-rod head 36.By safety lock 68 and 70 a pair of dish 64 and 66 is installed on the central cylinder 4.Gap between dish 64 and the end cap 20 and coil 66 and end cap 22 between the gap be by the range decision that allows isolator to move.Be applied on the damper if destroy load, then safety pin 68 and 78 also provides a kind of extra means that absorb the energy in some time and limit the load on the Architecture Design.

Referring to Fig. 6, when first becket bridle 32 bears almost equal load, isolator I ¹Efficient improve.With relative two-way comparing, by on single direction, making becket bridle 32 with continuous wire rope, isolator I then ¹Efficient improve.Referring to Fig. 6 B, when becket bridle 32 was parallel and therefore all carries lotus, efficient is low can be eliminated.In this case, becket bridle 32 is that the wire rope by single length makes, and these wire rope are clamped between three basic parts 26,27 and 29.Basic part 27 and 29 is fixed together by holder 72.

Referring to Fig. 7, basic part 26,27,28 and 29 is by means of the friction grip power clamped wire rope becket bridle 32 between two boards 74 and 76.On the other hand, basic part 26,27,28 and 29 also can be by coming clamped wire rope becket bridle 32 in 80 filling inlet pipe 78 of epoxy resin or cast metal.Referring to Fig. 8, this identical principle can expand to: deadeye 32 is passed central cylinder 4 and epoxy resin or cast metal 80 are filled into central cylinder 4 come clamping becket bridle 32.

Referring to Fig. 9, if having enough cross section properties, central cylinder 4 goes to limit radially bending and flexural stress of it, then sliding bearing 56 has not just needed.In this case, basic part 26 and backing plate 30 directly are fixed on the wall 18 of housing 16.

Referring to Figure 10, if increase cross section property after the combination of a reinforcer 82 and central cylinder 4, basic part 26 and reinforcer 82 be enough to limit central cylinder radially bend with its on flexural stress, then can not want sliding bearing yet.

Referring to Figure 11, must be able to observe becket bridle 32 and can not the situation of dismounting device under, isolator I ¹Can be exposed to the outside of structure housing 16.In this case, on housing 16, be provided with a groove 86, so that permission basic part 26 passes it and is fixed on the central cylinder 4.The length of groove 86 is by the decision of the permission stroke of the maximum of becket bridle 32, depended on the gap between the end of the end of basic part 26 and groove by the trip.Can increase reinforcer 82 and 84, so that limit radially bending and flexural stress of central cylinder 4 and structure housing 16.

Referring to Figure 12, can be so that their becket bridle 32 staggered modes be provided with two parallel becket bridle isolator I ¹And I ²The bending of central cylinder has been eliminated in the configuration of this symmetry, thereby the damper of compact structure as shown in figure 13 is provided.

The use of not overslaugh of the use friction member of two or more isolators.For example, referring to Figure 14, friction member 88 and 90 has been introduced into one and has used two isolator I ¹And I ²Scheme in.

Stiffness characteristics can change by a plurality of isolators are put into device.For example, referring to Figure 15, quadruplet isolator I ¹, I ², I ³And I ⁴ Central cylinder 4 along damper is configured to two groups.The isolator group can also be arranged around central cylinder 4.Figure 16 and 16A show three groups of isolator I respectively ¹, I ²And I ³And four groups of isolator I ¹, I ², I ³And I ⁴Situation around central cylinder layout.

Referring to power curve of deviation shown in Figure 17, the soft part of the bilinearity stiffness curve of an isolator can change by the pre compressed magnitude that angle between the change becket bridle plane and becket bridle stand.Figure 17 show have a parallel becket bridle layout from one and becket bridle be provided with the test result of precompressed isolator.The scope of the soft part of curve shown in Figure 17 can further increase by the precompression deadeye.

Referring to power curve of deviation shown in Figure 180, this is gap and " soft ", " firmly " range of spring of determining for a special example of the present invention.If pipe has the thermal walking of 114 millimeters (4.5 inches) along the axis of damper, then should set the gap of damper and length-promptly like this: when pipe when being cold, damper is displaced to the CP point.Along with tube expansion, isolator is displaced to the HP point.Along with pipe increases, the restoring force that damper is applied on the pipe is increased to about 1335 newton (300 pounds) from about-1335 Niu Tundun (300 pounds).Average " gapped soft (gqppedsoft) " spring constant is 21.9 thousand Ns/rice (125 pounds/inch) approximately.In case be in the state of heat, then average spring constant is 263,000 Ns/rice (1500 pounds of/inch (or 5 times of soft spring constant approximately.When pipe was subjected to dynamic load, this high spring constant is limiting displacement better.This ratio of spring constant can be by selecting isolator I ¹, the gap of relative angle, setting on diameter, becket bridle plane of pipe 16 and/or backing plate 30 thickness and change.Because the power curve of deviation is symmetrical under load that stretch or compression, therefore, damper can be provided with like this-promptly: it extends along with the expansion of pipe or shortens along with the expansion of pipe.In addition, by adjusting the gap of setting simply, can make a damper have the thermal walking of variation.

Therefore, by described topology layout as can be seen, the invention provides the device of the pipe displacements that dynamic load caused such as vibration that a kind of vibration that is caused by seismic events, fluid in order to control and equipment causes.Isolator is arranged on geometrical construction of the present invention ground, so that produce the damper with trilinear power offset characteristic.The invention provides a gap and " soft " range of spring, therefore, can allow the pipe thermal expansion." firmly " range of spring also is provided, therefore, can have controlled the dynamic displacement of pipe.Scope of " firmly " spring and rigidity are by selecting isolator and basic part 26 to control with the gap between housing end wall 20 and 22.The scope of " soft " spring is controlled by precompressed amount by selecting isolator and isolator.The present invention can bear and stretch and compressive force.The present invention makes isolator stable, so that prevent the overall structure bending of damper under compressive load.Sliding bearing limits the stress on center-pole 2 and the central cylinder 4 and radially bends.Surface by selecting sliding bearing and with lubricator can not make sliding bearing become the friction member of absorption additional energy.The configurable limit isolator of the present invention by end wall 20 and 22 the peak excursion that may experience.The present invention utilizes a safety pin 44 that a weak link is provided and therefore controls the contiguous load that screws on of establishing of the failure mode of damper, the energy that absorbs the extra some time and restriction.The present invention is simple, need not maintenance, and has high cycle fatigue life.

Claims (15)

1, a kind of simple in structure, be easy to observe and the improved power absorption and the pipe displacement limit device of seldom maintenance, this device is used for easily producing the pipe of displacement and the connection between the adjacent facility because of dynamic load and thermal distortion, and stretching and compressing the power offset characteristic that has symmetry aspect two, this specific character stops the bending of load lower device, it is characterized in that it comprises:

Assembly with adjustable gap, this assembly comprise the center-pole and scalable second hollow cylinder that holds an end of above-mentioned center-pole slidably that are enclosed within the hollow central cylinder;

One be connected on above-mentioned second cylinder and the confining wall arranged apart, around the intermediate portion of central cylinder and can the axially movable tubular frame of relative central cylinder;

First basic part that is installed in the intermediate portion of central cylinder;

Second basic part on wall that is installed in the above-mentioned first basic part opposite;

A sliding bearing or a friction member that is installed between second basic part and the central cylinder;

An endergonic deadeye member, each becket bridle has the part that is in its pre-compressed state, said member is fixed on above-mentioned first basic part and second basic part, when its with after the center-pole of misunderstanding each other of above-mentioned slip combines, constituted a pipe damper displacement with trilinear power offset characteristic.

2, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is fixed on that wire line thimble basic part on the central cylinder and the gap between the housing end wall and limits moving to axial of the above-mentioned central cylinder and second cylinder.

3, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, basic part comprises the backing plate of the precompression degree that determines endergonic deadeye.

4, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adjacent becket bridle is the endergonic wire rope of single length, and each becket bridle constitutes substantially parallel each other plane, like this, can produce bilinearity spring rate characteristic.

5, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adjacent becket bridle is that the endergonic wire rope by continuous length constitutes each becket bridle and constitutes and be close to parallel plane each other, like this, can produce bilinearity spring rate characteristic.

6, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, around the center-pole configuration, it forms compact appearance to becket bridle in asymmetric mode.

7, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, that end away from the intermediate portion of above-mentioned central cylinder and center-pole of first and second hollow cylinders has screw thread, be right-handed thread one of in them, and another is a left-handed thread, for the relative length of regulating tubular frame and therefore and moving of confinement tube installed a connecting rod at far-end adjustable ground in described cylinder screw thread of each cylinder, thereby a kind of regulative mode of swivel nut type is provided.

8, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the gap between wire line thimble basic part and the housing end wall is adjustable, thereby a kind of means that limit the distortion of endergonic deadeye are provided.

9, device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, safety pin between central authorities' cylinder and the limiting cylinder plays a weak link, so that the load on the failure mode that destroys control gear under the load, the energy that absorbs additional quantity and restriction Architecture Design.

10, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, center-pole has two bounding meanss, one of them bounding means is regulated by means of outside thread on center-pole one end, that match with the internal thread of this bounding means, thereby guarantees the adjustment in gap and therefore allow center-pole freely to relatively move in central cylinder.

11, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, sliding bearing restriction that is installed between second basic part and the central cylinder is arranged the central cylinder that causes and the bending and the flexural stress of center-pole because of asymmetric becket bridle.

12, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sliding bearing is unlubricated, play a sliding friction part, and have the frictional force that absorbs extra energy, the size of frictional force is the function of the side-play amount of endergonic deadeye, this frictional force is being had effect hardly aspect the thermal expansion of confinement tube, but during a pipe damping incident, along with damper is shifted to the terminal point of its stroke, frictional force can increase.

13, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, deadeye is exposed to the outside of structure housing, so that guarantee both to have observed easily the member of deadeye and don't dismounting damper.

14, device according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, during load is delivered to deadeye and during the deceleration and power absorption that cause by above-mentioned becket bridle and optional friction member, when described gap was closed suddenly, this gap can not produce impact load on equipment or pipe.

15, device according to claim 10 is characterized in that, when being delivered to the Bei Shi cup spring because of load when causing the gap to be closed suddenly, this gap can not produce the inside bounding means of damper to be impacted.

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