CN102428815B - A kind of standardized planting (GAP) method of fragrant tea - Google Patents
A kind of standardized planting (GAP) method of fragrant tea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种香茶菜的规范化种植(GAP)方法。它包括以下步骤：1、种苗繁育，香茶菜的留种、播种；2、栽培，选地、整地、施基肥、起畦、种植；3、田间管理，中耕除草、追肥、培土、灌溉和排水；4、采收。本发明的香茶菜的规范化种植(GAP)方法，与现有技术相比，能保证符合国家食品药品监督管理局《中药材生产质量管理规范》(试行)的要求，在正常年份情况下，香茶菜单产可达230公斤-260公斤/亩，香茶菜质量安全、有效、稳定、可控、能规范化大面积种植、种植投资少、生产成本低、效益高、可作为农民脱贫致富的主导产业和强市强县的战略产业，具有可观的经济效益。The invention discloses a standardized planting (GAP) method of fragrant tea vegetables. It includes the following steps: 1. Seedling breeding, seed retention and sowing of fragrant tea vegetables; 2. Cultivation, site selection, site preparation, base fertilizer application, furrowing, and planting; 3. Field management, intertillage and weeding, top dressing, soil cultivation, and irrigation and drainage; 4, harvesting. The standardized planting (GAP) method of fragrant tea dish of the present invention, compares with prior art, can guarantee to meet the requirement of State Food and Drug Administration " Chinese herbal medicine production quality management standard " (try out), under the normal year situation, The production of fragrant tea menu can reach 230kg-260kg/mu. The quality of fragrant tea is safe, effective, stable, controllable, and can be planted in a large area in a standardized way, with low planting investment, low production cost and high benefit. It can be used as a tool for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. The leading industry and the strategic industry of strong city and strong county have considerable economic benefits.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the medicinal plant cultivation field, be specifically related to standardized planting (GAP) method of a kind of Rabdosia amethystoides
Background technology:
Rabdosia amethystoides (Isodon amethystoides (Benth.) C.Y.Wu et Hsuan) is Labiatae (Labiatae) Rabdosia herbaceos perennial, and is high 1.2～1.9 meters, and root-like stock is tiltedly given birth to, stem is upright, purple, four prismatics, the top multi-branched, the pubescence that is saved by tool.Leaf is to life, and is avette to the ellipticity lanceolar, long 3～13cm, and wide 2～6cm, the sharp point of tip is to gradually sharp, and base portion cuts shape to downward one-tenth handle shape, and leaf margin has crenation.Cyme is arranged in the panicle that the top is given birth to, evacuated, and it is mixed with avette vanelets, and bract and bractlet are small, bar shaped, calyx is wide bell, is about 2～5 millimeters, corolla white, two lips, upper lip band hyacinthine, tool 4 circles split, reflexed, and the lower lip pocketed is circular, slightly be longer than upper lip, stamen 4, the last 2 has a down dip.Nutlet is avette, brown, top tool verruca.6～October of florescence, really 7～November of phase.Be distributed in the ground such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, be born in the sylvan life of 200～1000 meters of height above sea level or the moistening place in the thick grass.
Rabdosia amethystoides has many-sided pharmacologically active, has clearing heat and detoxicating, promote blood circulation to disperse blood clot, anti-inflammation, hypotensive, antitumor and treat the effects such as various hepatitis, has particularly shown wide application prospect at aspects such as immunological regulation, antitumor and liver protection effects.Because medicinal effects is obvious, consumption is increasing, and the natural resources amount of Rabdosia amethystoides is very limited, cause wild Rabdosia amethystoides can not satisfy the demands far away, be subjected to the impact of natural climate condition, quality and quantity all are difficult to guarantee, have become the bottleneck of Rabdosia amethystoides series traditional Chinese exploitation in addition.
What the approach that overcomes the above problems adopted usually is that wild Rabdosia amethystoides is domesticated for tame method, but owing to lacking standardized planting (GAP) technology of Rabdosia amethystoides, so that the Rabdosia amethystoides planting scale is little, planting cost is high, quality is unstable, and is difficult to reach the requirement of " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (trying) that State Food and Drug Administration formulates.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, provide that a kind of high yield, High-quality Cultivation and Product quality and safety, effective, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, production cost are low, standardized planting (GAP) method of the Rabdosia amethystoides of high efficiency.
The present invention is by selecting suitable seedbed to carry out seeding and seedling raising, transplant, take suitable field management method, timely collecting and reserve seed for planting to obtain Rabdosia amethystoides at the suitable soil of suitable selection of time, thereby realized purpose of the present invention.This Rabdosia amethystoides obtains the Rabdosia amethystoides commodity through roughing.
The standardized planting of Rabdosia amethystoides of the present invention (GAP) method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1. seedling breeding
(1) reserves seed for planting
In annual late October to early November, select growth neat and consistent, stalwartness, make seed-plot without the Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting plot of damage by disease and insect, be subjected to individually the plant that the disease worm is caused harm to pull out destruction in the seed-plot, in time gather and be yellowish-brown, ovate-oblong Rabdosia amethystoides mature seed, when gathering, whole fruit ear is cut, place dry under the sun after, tremble lower seed, remove peduncle and impurity, pick out the seed full, that particle is large, dry to seed moisture content be 12%～13%, be positioned in the dry closed container, place shady and cool dry ventilation to preserve;
(2) sowing
In late Febuary in every year to early March, when the ground temperature under 5 centimetres on the ground reaches more than 12 ℃, sow, select loose, fertile, well-drained faintly acid sand loam is as the seedbed, whole good ground makes 100 centimetres of furrow face widths, the furrow face is high 25 centimetres, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, the furrow that ditch depth is 25 centimetres, hold the drain ditch all around successfully, with seed and river sand 1: 3 ratio mixing in mass ratio, then be sown on the furrow face, cover again the fine earth of 1 centimetre～2 cm thicks, the seeding quantity in per 667 square metres of soils is 2 kilograms～2.5 kilograms, require plow layer more than 30 centimetres, soil pH value is between 6-6.8, and soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618-1995) one-level or secondary standard;
2. cultivation
(1) selection of land
Soil condition requires: select loose, fertile, well-drained sand loam, the pH value is between 6-6.8, and soil environment quality will reach " People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality " secondary standard in (GB15618-1995);
Quality of air environment requires: Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting base surrounding air is pollution-free, meets " People's Republic of China's ambient air quality " (GB3095-1996) secondary standard, and namely air quality index II is between the 0.6-1.0;
Condition of water quality requires: having can be for water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, and quality of irrigation water reaches " People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " second standard in (GB5084-1992);
Other conditional requests: around on Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting ground 10 kilometers with interior free of contamination industrial and mining enterprises, pollute without " three wastes ", without the soot.
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing
Select that the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained level land, ground, gentle slope or terraced fields, ploughed deeply whole ground in front 1 month in plantation, shine white, rake is carefully smooth again, in conjunction with wholely per 667 square metres apply 1800 kilograms～2000 kilograms of the farmyard manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed, 30 kilograms～40 kilograms of compoiste fertilizers, then, with fertilizer and soil mixing, and rake is carefully raked with artificial or oxharrow or small farm machine;
(3) play furrow
Whole good ground makes that 80 centimetres～100 centimetres of furrow face widths, furrow face are high 25 centimetres, the furrow of 30 centimetres of furrow widths, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, and furrow length is decided according to landform, holds the drain ditch all around successfully;
(4) plantation
Implantation time: in early April to mid-April, when the Rabdosia amethystoides seedling grows to 4～5 true leaves, be chosen in overcast and rainy the transplanting;
Planting patterns: adopt " isosceles triangle " dibbling, every cave kind 1 young plant, line-spacing is 40～50 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 30 centimetres, every mu of plantation 4440 strains～5550 strains;
3. field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of Rabdosia amethystoides, namely at the beginning of annual late April to 5 month, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time; To Rabdosia amethystoides Feng Hanghou, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the field without weeds;
The weeds processing method: each weeds of removing, need to concentrate and stack, be used for drying burning and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, should not arbitrarily be stacked in furrow face or the ditch;
(2) topdress
Dressing time and number of times: generally at the beginning of late April to 5 month, once topdress in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, carry out early June to mid-June topdressing the second time;
Fertilizing type: topdress for the first time and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, spreading manuer in holes blinding from plant 3 centimetres～5 centimeters; Carry out later on foliage spray, sprayed once every 7～10 days, spray 2～3 times, sooner or later spray;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress for the first time, every mu applies 44.5 kilograms～55.6 kilograms of compoiste fertilizers, and 8 kilograms～10 kilograms in urea behind both mixings, is whenever spreaded manuer in holes into 10 grams; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used in foliage spray, 5 kilograms every mu, is made into mass fraction and is 0.2% the aqueous solution and carry out foliage-spray;
(3) ridging
Topdress for the first time complete, the fine earth in the ditch is trained around furrow face plant, the ridging degree of depth is 1 centimetre～2 centimetres;
(4) irrigation and draining
Irrigate: the water that is used for irrigation, its water quality must reach the second standard in " People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084～1992), in the whole growth and development process of Rabdosia amethystoides, such as arid, when slight the wilting appears in plant leaf, then irrigate, irrigate to irrigate with the plow layer with 10 centimetres～15 centimetres of below grounds at every turn and be advisable;
Draining: when plantation, excavate 40 centimetres～50 centimetres of draining ditch depths around the land for growing field crops, wide 30 centimetres～35 centimetres, timely draining when being beneficial to rain heavily, after the heavy rain, whether unimpeded with the furrow ditch water discharge around should in time checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge, in case ponding affects Rabdosia amethystoides and grows;
4. gather
Collecting time: early July is to the middle ten days, when Rabdosia amethystoides begins to extract inflorescence out, nutriment in its plant body and the content of active ingredient are higher, this is the best collecting time first time, gathering should be chosen in fine day and carry out, and in 1 centimetre～2 centimeters near the ground, cuts off whole plant, when airing is 12%～13% to plant water content, break into again bag;
The cleaning rural area: small and weak, the very thin plant that the plot of the Rabdosia amethystoides of will having gathered is residual and weeds concentrate to stack, concentrate and burn, dig pit buried or make base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard;
Proceed cultivation management by the Rabdosia amethystoides of the above method after to toothing, treat early October to mid-October, before the plant blossom, carry out gathering the second time.
The raw material of described compoiste fertilizer is preferably humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8, farmyard manure was preferably: pig manure, cow dung or chicken manure.
The standardized planting of described Rabdosia amethystoides (GAP) method also comprises extermination of disease and insect pest step:
1. Rabdosia amethystoides disease control
The disease of Rabdosia amethystoides of causing harm mainly is powdery mildew, it is as follows that it prevents and treats method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, timely and effectively control passes the virulent aphis worm, note simultaneously field planting management, the juice friction of avoiding the contact of people and animals, instrument to cause infects, before the plantation with 200～400 times of liquid of ambam of 50%, every square metre with 2～4 kilograms of pouring soil or with 10% wettable powder of carbendazim, 5 kilograms of processing of every mu of usefulness soil in seed bed; The infected plant of early detection in time pulled out burn; At the plant their early stage, the control of spraying of 800 times of liquid of the thiophanate methyl with 70% every spray in 10 days once, connects and sprays 2～3 times;
2. Rabdosia amethystoides pest control
Rabdosia amethystoides is caused harm by aphid mainly, prevents and treats method: protection utilizes natural enemy, Natural Enemies that coccinella septempunctata, Chrysopa are arranged; Enhance field management, should in time irrigate during soil drought, to create the environmental condition of unfavorable aphid growth, minimizing is caused harm; Chemical control, 2000 times of liquid of aphid mist (Aphox) 50% wetting powder are warded off in use, or 1000～2000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 20% sumicidin missible oil or 1000 times of liquid of 47% Le Siben missible oil or 1500 times of liquid of the happy missible oil of 50.5% farmland, or 1000 times of liquid of aphid jinx are sprayed by turns;
By country " pesticide variety and using priciple that traditional Chinese medicine GAP production allows and bans use of ", should strictly ban use of severe toxicity, high poison, high residue or have and three cause the agricultural chemicals of (carcinogenic, teratogenesis and mutagenesis), last dispenser must not be less than 20 days apart from the fate of gathering, in view of biogenic pesticide endangers little to environment and people and animals, and use flexibly, economy, effect are lasting, there have to be preventative, advocate the use biogenic pesticide in (GAP) therefore produce in the Rabdosia amethystoides standardization.
The standardized planting of described Rabdosia amethystoides (GAP) method also comprises the roughing step:
1, airing, preliminary working place: Rabdosia amethystoides airing and preliminary working are provided with special place, must lay mattess, keep clean, and surrounding environment is without any pollution, and have sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, insect protected, anti-fowl poultry facility;
2, tie up member: after the Rabdosia amethystoides harvesting, plant water content is higher, if untimely processing is easy to go rotten rotten, its medicinal ingredient also decomposes thereupon to be lost, and has a strong impact on quality and the curative effect of medicinal material, so must in time process processing;
When 3, at source gathering in, select fine day, can dry after cutting at once, but need anti-leaf abscission, harvested Rabdosia amethystoides, should choose cut weeds, dirt, reject the part that rots, dry again after cleaning up, after drying, bundle is pressed into part when treating that blade eases back, commodity.
4, concoct: choose the assorted bits of this product, remove undesirable root and always obstruct, be bundled into wisp, with picking up behind the clear water wash clean, drain away the water, after running through, cut up with a hay cutter into 1 centimeter length, dry or dry with slow fire, the sieve dedust is broken.
The standardized planting of Rabdosia amethystoides of the present invention (GAP) method, compared with prior art, can guarantee to meet the requirement of State Food and Drug Administration's " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (trying), in normal time situation, the Rabdosia amethystoides per unit area yield can reach 230 kilograms～260 kg/acres, Rabdosia amethystoides quality safety, effective, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, plantation small investment, production cost are low, high efficiency, can be used as the strategic industry in the strong county, leading industry He Qiang city of peasant programme, have considerable economic benefit.
Embodiment:
Below be to further specify of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
The compoiste fertilizer raw material of selecting in following examples is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8
Embodiment 1:
Connect Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting base, hilllock, center, Nan Damaishan town village, 120 mu of areas, plantation be Rabdosia amethystoides (Is odon amethystoides (Benth.) C.Y.Wu et Hsuan).
1. seedling breeding
(1) reserves seed for planting
In late October to early November, select growth neat and consistent, stalwartness, make seed-plot without the Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting plot of damage by disease and insect, the plant that caused harm by the disease worm should be pulled out destruction.Kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m of gathering will be noted the feature of seed maturity, and the seed of Rabdosia amethystoides maturation is yellowish-brown, and is long avette.When the fruit maturation flavescence, should in time gather, in order to avoid seed scatters.When gathering, whole fruit ear is cut, place dry under the sun after, tremble lower seed, remove peduncle and impurity, pick out the seed full, that particle is large, dry to seed moisture content be 12%～13%, be positioned in the dry closed container, and write label, the date of dated seed collection and variety name etc. place shady and cool dry ventilation to preserve.
(2) sowing
In late Febuary of Second Year to early March, when the ground temperature under 5 centimetres on the ground reaches more than 12 ℃, sow.Select loose, fertile, well-drained faintly acid sand loam as the seedbed, whole good ground makes that 100 centimetres of furrow face widths, furrow face are high 25 centimetres, the furrow of 30 centimetres of furrow widths, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, holds the drain ditch all around successfully.With seed and river sand 1: 3 ratio mixing in mass ratio, then be sown on the furrow face, the fine earth that covers again 1 centimetre～2 cm thicks gets final product.The seeding quantity in per 667 square metres of soils is 2 kilograms～2.5 kilograms.Require plow layer more than 30 centimetres, soil pH value is between 6-6.8, and soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618-1995) one-level or secondary standard.
2. cultivation
(1) selection of land
Soil condition requires: select loose, fertile, well-drained sand loam, the pH value is between 6-6.8, and soil environment quality will reach " People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality " secondary standard in (GB15618-1995).
Quality of air environment requires: Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting base surrounding air is pollution-free, meets " People's Republic of China's ambient air quality " (GB3095-1996) secondary standard, and namely air quality index II is between the 0.6-1.0.
Condition of water quality requires: having can be for water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, and quality of irrigation water reaches " People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " second standard in (GB5084-1992).
Other conditional requests: around on Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting ground 10 kilometers with interior free of contamination industrial and mining enterprises, pollute without " three wastes ", without the soot.
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing
Select that the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained level land, ground, gentle slope or terraced fields, ploughed deeply whole ground in front 1 month in plantation, shine whitely, rake is carefully smooth again.In conjunction with wholely per 667 square metres apply 1800 kilograms～2000 kilograms of the farmyard manures (pig, cow dung or chicken manure etc.) that fully become thoroughly decomposed, 30 kilograms～40 kilograms of composite fertilizers.Then,, and harrow and carefully rake fertilizer and soil mixing with artificial or oxharrow or small farm machine.
(3) play furrow
Whole good ground makes that 80 centimetres～100 centimetres of furrow face widths, furrow face are high 25 centimetres, the furrow of 30 centimetres of furrow widths, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, and furrow length is decided according to landform, holds the drain ditch all around successfully.
(4) plantation
Implantation time: in early April to mid-April, when the Rabdosia amethystoides seedling grows to 4～5 true leaves, be chosen in overcast and rainy the transplanting.
Planting patterns: adopt " isosceles triangle " dibbling, every cave kind 1 young plant, line-spacing is 40～50 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 30 centimetres, every mu of plantation 4440 strains～5550 strains.
3. field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of Rabdosia amethystoides, namely at the beginning of late April to 5 month, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time; To Rabdosia amethystoides Feng Hanghou, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the field without weeds.
The weeds processing method: each weeds of removing, need to concentrate and stack, be used for drying burning and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, should not arbitrarily be stacked in furrow face or the ditch.
(2) topdress
Dressing time and number of times: generally at the beginning of late April to 5 month, once topdress in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, carry out early June to mid-June topdressing the second time.
Fertilizing type: topdress for the first time and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, spreading manuer in holes blinding from plant 3 centimetres～5 centimeters; Carry out later on foliage spray, sprayed once every 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, sooner or later spray.
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress for the first time, every mu applies 44.5 kilograms～55.6 kilograms of compoiste fertilizers, and 8 kilograms～10 kilograms in urea behind both mixings, is whenever spreaded manuer in holes into 10 grams.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used in foliage spray, 5 kilograms every mu, is made into mass fraction and is 0.2% the aqueous solution and carry out foliage-spray.
(3) ridging
Topdress for the first time complete, the fine earth in the ditch is trained around furrow face plant, the ridging degree of depth is 1 centimetre～2 centimetres.
(4) irrigation and draining
Irrigate: be used for the water of irrigation, its water quality must reach the second standard in " People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084～1992).In the whole growth and development process of Rabdosia amethystoides, such as arid, when slight the wilting appears in plant leaf, then irrigate.Irrigate to irrigate with the plow layer with 10 centimetres～15 centimetres of below grounds at every turn and be advisable.
Draining: when plantation, excavate 40 centimetres～50 centimetres of draining ditch depths around the land for growing field crops, wide 30 centimetres～35 centimetres, timely draining when being beneficial to rain heavily.After the heavy rain, whether unimpeded with the furrow ditch water discharge around should in time checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge, in case ponding affects Rabdosia amethystoides and grows.
4. gather
Collecting time: early July, when Rabdosia amethystoides began to extract inflorescence out, the nutriment in its plant body and the content of active ingredient were higher to the middle ten days, and this is the best collecting time first time.Gather and to be chosen in fine day and to carry out.In 1 centimetre～2 centimeters near the ground, cut off whole plant, when airing is 12%～13% to plant water content, break into again bag.
The cleaning rural area: small and weak, the very thin plant that the plot of the Rabdosia amethystoides of will having gathered is residual and weeds concentrate to stack, concentrate and burn, dig pit buried or make base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard.
Proceed cultivation management by the Rabdosia amethystoides of the above method after to toothing, treat early October to mid-October, before the plant blossom, carry out gathering the second time.
5. the control of damage by disease and insect:
(1) Rabdosia amethystoides disease control
The disease of Rabdosia amethystoides of causing harm mainly is powdery mildew, and it is as follows that it prevents and treats method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, timely and effectively control passes the virulent aphis worm, notes simultaneously field planting management, and the juice friction of avoiding people and animals, instrument contact to cause infects.With 200～400 times of liquid of ambam of 50%, every square metre is watered soil with 2～4 kilograms (being equivalent to 10 milliliters of stostes) in seed bed before the plantation.Also can be with 10% wettable powder of carbendazim, 5 kilograms of every mu of usefulness are processed soil.The infected plant of early detection in time pulled out burn.At the plant their early stage, the control of spraying of 800 times of liquid of available 70% thiophanate methyl, spray once connects and sprays 2～3 times every about 10 days.
(2) Rabdosia amethystoides pest control
Rabdosia amethystoides is caused harm by aphid mainly.Prevent and treat method: protection utilizes natural enemy, Natural Enemies that coccinella septempunctata, Chrysopa are arranged; Enhance field management, should in time irrigate during soil drought, to create the environmental condition of unfavorable aphid growth, minimizing is caused harm; Chemical control, can use and ward off 2000 times of liquid of aphid mist (Aphox) 50% wetting powder, or 1000～2000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 20% sumicidin missible oil, 1000 times of liquid of 47% Le Siben missible oil, 1500 times of liquid of the happy missible oil of 50.5% farmland and 1000 times of liquid of aphid jinx etc. are sprayed by turns.
By country " pesticide variety and using priciple that traditional Chinese medicine GAP production allows and bans use of ", should strictly ban use of severe toxicity, high poison, high residue or have and three cause the agricultural chemicals of (carcinogenic, teratogenesis and mutagenesis), last dispenser must not be less than 20 days apart from the fate of gathering.In view of biogenic pesticide environment and people and animals are endangered little, and use flexibly, economy, effect are lasting, there have to be preventative, advocate the use biogenic pesticide in (GAP) therefore produce in the Rabdosia amethystoides standardization.
6. the roughing of the Rabdosia amethystoides after gathering
(1) airing, preliminary working place: Rabdosia amethystoides airing and preliminary working are provided with special place, must lay mattess, keep clean.Surrounding environment is without any pollution, and has the facilities such as sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, insect protected, anti-fowl poultry.
(2) tie up member: after the Rabdosia amethystoides harvesting, plant water content is higher, if untimely processing is easy to go rotten rotten, its medicinal ingredient also decomposes thereupon to be lost, and has a strong impact on quality and the curative effect of medicinal material, so must in time process processing.
When (3) usually at source gathering in, select fine day, can dry after cutting at once, but need anti-leaf abscission.Harvested Rabdosia amethystoides, should choose cut weeds, dirt, reject the part that rots, dry again after cleaning up.After drying, bundle is pressed into part when treating that blade eases back, commodity.
(4) concoct: choose the assorted bits of this product, remove undesirable root and always obstruct, be bundled into wisp, with picking up behind the clear water wash clean, drain away the water.After running through, cut up with a hay cutter into 1 centimeter length, dry or dry with slow fire, the sieve dedust is broken.
The Rabdosia amethystoides per unit area yield can reach 230 kg/acres, Product quality and safety, effective, stable.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and just milpa is for connecting Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting base, Lian Shui village, three row town, south, 100 mu of areas.
The Rabdosia amethystoides per unit area yield can reach 260 kg/acres, Product quality and safety, effective, stable.
Claims (4)
1. the standardized planting of a Rabdosia amethystoides (GAP) method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A. seedling breeding
(1) reserves seed for planting
In annual late October to early November, select growth neat and consistent, stalwartness, make seed-plot without the Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting plot of damage by disease and insect, be subjected to individually the plant that the disease worm is caused harm to pull out destruction in the seed-plot, in time gather and be yellowish-brown, ovate-oblong Rabdosia amethystoides mature seed, when gathering, whole fruit ear is cut, place dry under the sun after, tremble lower seed, remove peduncle and impurity, pick out the seed full, that particle is large, dry to seed moisture content be 12% ~ 13%, be positioned in the dry closed container, place shady and cool dry ventilation to preserve;
(2) sowing
In late Febuary in every year to early March, when the ground temperature under 5 centimetres on the ground reaches more than 12 ℃, sow, select loose, fertile, well-drained faintly acid sand loam is as the seedbed, whole good ground makes 100 centimetres of furrow face widths, the furrow face is high 25 centimetres, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, the furrow that ditch depth is 25 centimetres, hold the drain ditch all around successfully, with seed and the river sand ratio mixing of 1:3 in mass ratio, then be sown on the furrow face, cover again the fine earth of 1 centimetre ~ 2 cm thicks, the seeding quantity in per 667 square metres of soils is 2 kilograms ~ 2.5 kilograms, require plow layer more than 30 centimetres, soil pH value is between 6-6.8, and soil environment quality must meet " State Standard of the People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995) one-level or secondary standard;
B. cultivation
(1) selection of land
Soil condition requires: select loose, fertile, well-drained sand loam, the pH value is between 6-6.8, and soil environment quality will reach " State Standard of the People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality " secondary standard in (GB15618-1995);
Quality of air environment requires: Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting base surrounding air is pollution-free, meets " State Standard of the People's Republic of China's ambient air quality " (GB3095-1996) secondary standard;
Condition of water quality requires: having can be for water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, and quality of irrigation water reaches " State Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " second standard in (GB5084-1992);
Other conditional requests: around on Rabdosia amethystoides standardized planting ground 10 kilometers with interior free of contamination industrial and mining enterprises, pollute without " three wastes ", without the soot;
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing
Select that the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained level land, ground, gentle slope or terraced fields, ploughed deeply whole ground in front 1 month in plantation, shine white, rake is carefully smooth again, in conjunction with wholely per 667 square metres apply 1800 kilograms ~ 2000 kilograms of the farmyard manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed, 30 kilograms ~ 40 kilograms of compoiste fertilizers, then, with fertilizer and soil mixing, and rake is carefully raked with artificial or oxharrow or small farm machine;
(3) play furrow
Whole good ground makes that 80 centimetres ~ 100 centimetres of furrow face widths, furrow face are high 25 centimetres, the furrow of 30 centimetres of furrow widths, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, and furrow length is decided according to landform, holds the drain ditch all around successfully;
(4) plantation
Implantation time: in early April to mid-April, when the Rabdosia amethystoides seedling grows to 4 ~ 5 true leaves, be chosen in overcast and rainy the transplanting;
Planting patterns: adopt " isosceles triangle " dibbling, every cave kind 1 young plant, line-spacing is 40 ~ 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 30 centimetres, every mu of plantation 4440 strains ~ 5550 strains;
C. field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of Rabdosia amethystoides, namely at the beginning of annual late April to 5 month, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time; To Rabdosia amethystoides Feng Hanghou, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the field without weeds;
The weeds processing method: each weeds of removing, need to concentrate and stack, be used for drying burning and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, should not arbitrarily be stacked in furrow face or the ditch;
(2) topdress
Dressing time and number of times: generally at the beginning of late April to 5 month, once topdress in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, carry out early June to mid-June topdressing the second time;
Fertilizing type: topdress for the first time and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, spreading manuer in holes blinding from plant 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimeters; Carry out later on foliage spray, sprayed once every 7 ~ 10 days, spray 2 ~ 3 times, sooner or later spray;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress for the first time, every mu applies 44.5 kilograms ~ 55.6 kilograms of compoiste fertilizers, and 8 kilograms ~ 10 kilograms in urea behind both mixings, is whenever spreaded manuer in holes into 10 grams; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used in foliage spray, 5 kilograms every mu, is made into mass fraction and is 0.2% the aqueous solution and carry out foliage-spray;
(3) ridging
Topdress for the first time complete, the fine earth in the ditch is trained around furrow face plant, the ridging degree of depth is 1 centimetre ~ 2 centimetres;
(4) irrigation and draining
Irrigate: the water that is used for irrigation, its water quality must reach the second standard in " State Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084 ~ 1992), in the whole growth and development process of Rabdosia amethystoides, such as arid, when slight the wilting appears in plant leaf, then irrigate, irrigate to irrigate with the plow layer with 10 centimetres ~ 15 centimetres of below grounds at every turn and be advisable;
Draining: when plantation, excavate 40 centimetres ~ 50 centimetres of draining ditch depths around the land for growing field crops, wide 30 centimetres ~ 35 centimetres, timely draining when being beneficial to rain heavily, after the heavy rain, whether unimpeded with the furrow ditch water discharge around should in time checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge, in case ponding affects Rabdosia amethystoides and grows;
D. gather
Collecting time: early July is to the middle ten days, when Rabdosia amethystoides begins to extract inflorescence out, nutriment in its plant body and the content of active ingredient are higher, this is the best collecting time first time, gathering should be chosen in fine day and carry out, and in 1 centimetre ~ 2 centimeters near the ground, cuts off whole plant, when airing is 12% ~ 13% to plant water content, break into again bag;
The cleaning rural area: small and weak, the very thin plant that the plot of the Rabdosia amethystoides of will having gathered is residual and weeds concentrate to stack, concentrate and burn, dig pit buried or make base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard;
Proceed cultivation management by the method for the above field management Rabdosia amethystoides after to toothing, treat early October to mid-October, before the plant blossom, carry out gathering the second time.
2. the standardized planting of Rabdosia amethystoides according to claim 1 (GAP) method, it is characterized in that, the raw material of described compoiste fertilizer is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N:P
2O
5: K
2O=5:7:8, farmyard manure is: pig manure, cow dung or chicken manure.
3. the standardized planting of Rabdosia amethystoides according to claim 1 (GAP) method is characterized in that, also comprises extermination of disease and insect pest step:
A. Rabdosia amethystoides disease control
The disease of Rabdosia amethystoides of causing harm mainly is powdery mildew, it is as follows that it prevents and treats method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, timely and effectively control passes the virulent aphis worm, note simultaneously field planting management, the juice friction of avoiding the contact of people and animals, instrument to cause infects, before the plantation with 200 ~ 400 times of liquid of ambam of 50%, every square metre with 2 ~ 4 kilograms of pouring soil or with 10% wettable powder of carbendazim, 5 kilograms of processing of every mu of usefulness soil in seed bed; The infected plant of early detection in time pulled out burn; At the plant their early stage, the control of spraying of 800 times of liquid of the thiophanate methyl with 70% every spray in 10 days once, connects and sprays 2 ~ 3 times;
B. Rabdosia amethystoides pest control
Rabdosia amethystoides is caused harm by aphid mainly, prevents and treats method: protection utilizes natural enemy, Natural Enemies that coccinella septempunctata, Chrysopa are arranged; Enhance field management, should in time irrigate during soil drought, to create the environmental condition of unfavorable aphid growth, minimizing is caused harm; Chemical control, 2000 times of liquid of aphid mist (Aphox) 50% wetting powder are warded off in use, or 1000～2000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 20% sumicidin missible oil or 1000 times of liquid of 47% Le Siben missible oil or 1500 times of liquid of the happy missible oil of 50.5% farmland, or 1000 times of liquid of aphid jinx are sprayed by turns;
By country " pesticide variety and using priciple that traditional Chinese medicine GAP production allows and bans use of ", should strictly ban use of severe toxicity, high poison, high residue or have and three cause the agricultural chemicals of (carcinogenic, teratogenesis and mutagenesis), last dispenser must not be less than 20 days apart from the fate of gathering, in view of biogenic pesticide endangers little to environment and people and animals, and use flexibly, economy, effect are lasting, there have to be preventative, advocate the use biogenic pesticide in (GAP) therefore produce in the Rabdosia amethystoides standardization.
4. the standardized planting of Rabdosia amethystoides according to claim 1 (GAP) method is characterized in that, also comprises the roughing step:
A. airing, preliminary working place: Rabdosia amethystoides airing and preliminary working are provided with special place, must lay mattess, keep clean, and surrounding environment is without any pollution, and have sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, insect protected, anti-fowl poultry facility;
B. tie up member: after the Rabdosia amethystoides harvesting, plant water content is higher, if untimely processing is easy to go rotten rotten, its medicinal ingredient also decomposes thereupon to be lost, and has a strong impact on quality and the curative effect of medicinal material, so must in time process processing;
When c. at source gathering in, select fine, the harvesting Rabdosia amethystoides, harvested Rabdosia amethystoides, should choose cut weeds, dirt, reject the part that rots, but need anti-leaf abscission, dry again after cleaning up, after drying, bundle is pressed into part when treating that blade eases back, commodity;
D. concoct: choose the assorted bits of this product, remove undesirable root and always obstruct, be bundled into wisp, with picking up behind the clear water wash clean, drain away the water, after running through, cut up with a hay cutter into 1 centimeter length, dry or dry with slow fire, the sieve dedust is broken.
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| CN106804176A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-06-09 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of decrement subtracts secondary tea garden fertilizing method |
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| CN106717427A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizing method in tea place |
| CN114956906A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2022-08-30 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Tea garden base fertilizer, application method and tea garden fertilization method by matching organic fertilizer with compound fertilizer |
| CN108207532A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of method of garden pea winter planting |
| CN109042119A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-21 | 王远能 | Artificial planting method of isodon excisa |
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