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CN102410006B - 多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构 - Google Patents

多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构 Download PDF

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CN102410006B
CN102410006B CN201110426049.XA CN201110426049A CN102410006B CN 102410006 B CN102410006 B CN 102410006B CN 201110426049 A CN201110426049 A CN 201110426049A CN 102410006 B CN102410006 B CN 102410006B
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张国桉
成建龙
孙宪宏
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Tongyuan Petroleum Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.
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Priority to US13/814,243 priority patent/US8943944B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2012/069606 priority patent/WO2013130166A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

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Abstract

本发明属于石油勘探开发领域，是一种安装、运输方便且可增大装药量的多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构。本发明是在射孔器圆筒形弹架内装有内装一级火药的内药盒，内药盒位于相邻聚能射孔弹之间；在圆筒形弹架的外壁上还装有三联体外药盒，三联体外药盒由一个内装三级或二级火药的中间药盒和两个内装二级或三级火药的侧挂药盒组成，两个侧挂药盒分别位于中间药盒的两侧，中间药盒和侧挂药盒之间为铰接连接；中间药盒位于与射孔弹对应的位置，中间药盒内侧设置有装配射孔弹的内凹槽和射流通过的通孔。

Description

多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构
技术领域
本发明属于石油勘探开发领域，尤其是一种油气井多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构。
背景技术
目前，枪内装药的一体式复合射孔由于其具有施工简单，安全可靠，对井筒损伤小，已在油田得到了广泛应用。但是，由于一体式复合射孔大多采用弹间装药形式，特别是在孔密较高的情况下火药装药量大幅降低，使作用效果变得很差。随后人们又开发出了多级复合射孔装置，它是在射孔器的弹架内、外分别安装两种火药，利用两种火药的峰值时差实现有效压力平台的延长，提高高压气体做功的效率和射孔弹的穿深。但是测试结果显示，这种多级复合射孔装置的有效压力持续时间还有待进一步的提高。申请人认为，解决这一问题的途径之一是如何进一步增大射孔器的装药量以及火药的搭配。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是：提供一种能够增大装药量，延长有效压力的持续时间，进而提高压裂效果的多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构。
射孔器的体积是有限的，要增大装药量就需要充分利用射孔器的可利用空间，并要确保其运输、使用过程中的安全性。本申请人认为，现有射孔器的弹架外正对射孔弹的区域一直是空白区域，这一空白区域可用于安装火药，本申请人通过试验证明，这种安装方式是安全可靠的。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案是：所提供的多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构包括：在射孔器圆筒形弹架内装有内装一级火药的内药盒，内药盒位于相邻聚能射孔弹之间；本发明的特别之处是：在圆筒形弹架的外壁上还装有三联体外药盒，三联体外药盒由一个内装三级或二级火药的中间药盒和两个内装二级或三级火药的侧挂药盒组成，两个侧挂药盒分别位于中间药盒的两侧，中间药盒和侧挂药盒之间为铰接连接；中间药盒位于与射孔弹对应的位置，中间药盒内侧设置有装配射孔弹的内凹槽和射流通过的通孔。
上述三联体外药盒可采用弹性夹装配在圆筒形弹架外，也可以采用卡装方式，即：侧挂药盒的内侧设有卡爪，该卡爪卡在圆筒形弹架的卡孔中或插在圆筒形弹架的卡槽中。
上述三联体外药盒可采用锁钩和锁扣结构实现与弹架的连接，即：一个侧挂药盒的外侧边设置有锁钩，另一个侧挂药盒的外侧边设置有与锁钩配合的锁扣，这种结构形式更加简便，且利于现场装配操作。
上述三联体外药盒的火药配置优选方案是：两个侧挂药盒内装二级火药，中间药盒内装三级火药。
利用上述三级火药在枪内的装药方式可实现装药量的增加，并达到延长压力作用时间的目的。三联体药盒采用耐寒指标和耐高温指标高的材料，从而可扩大产品的使用区域和地层范围。
射孔时，导爆索引燃射孔弹，射孔弹爆炸后的产物首先点燃内药盒里的一级火药，然后再点燃三联体外药盒中的二级火药，最后点燃三联体外药盒内的三级火药。一级火药与二级火药压力峰值的时差为5～10毫秒，二级火药与三级火药压力峰值的时差为20～30毫秒。由于一、二、三级火药的压力峰值存在时差，从而形成了能量的互补，在孔道中形成有效压力的持续时间更长，为25～40毫秒，充分提高了能量的利用率，延长了裂缝的长度。
本发明由于采用三联体外药盒，装配时无需拆卸定位环，而且三个药盒一次装配在弹架上，缩短了装配时间，简化了装配工艺；与现有的筒式药盒相比，本发明的三联体外药盒占据空间小，并且可以展开，便于包装、运输和储存，大幅度降低了火药的运输和储存成本，同时这种结构形式也便于规模化和标准化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施例的结构图。
图2是图1三联体外药盒的立体图。
图3是图1三联体外药盒的展开图。
图4是图1侧挂药盒的立体图。
图5是图1中间药盒内侧方向的视图。
图6是图1中间药盒的立体图。
图7是本发明另一实施例三联体外药盒的结构图。
图8是图7三联体外药盒的立体图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的内容加以详细说明。
如图1、图2所示：射孔枪的圆筒形弹架1的外壁上装有三联体外药盒4，它由两个侧挂药盒2和一个中间药盒3组成，其中两个侧挂药盒2内装二级火药，中间药盒内装三级火药，附着在弹架1内壁上的内药盒(图中未画出)内装一级火药，一级火药与二级火药压力峰值的时差为8毫秒，二级火药与三级火药压力峰值的时差为25毫秒。中间药盒3的两侧设有铰轴31，侧挂药盒2的一侧设有铰勾21，侧挂药盒和中间药盒通过铰勾21与铰轴31铰接在一起。侧挂药盒2的内侧设有卡爪22、23，该卡爪卡在圆筒形弹架的卡槽或卡孔中。中间药盒3位于与射孔弹对应的位置，中间药盒3内侧设置有装配射孔弹的内凹槽32和射流通过的通孔33。
图3是本发明三联体外药盒的展开状态，包装时可以将多个三联体外药盒叠加在一起，所以占用的空间小，并且便于存储和运输。
参见图4，侧挂药盒的一个侧壁设有两个铰轴21，用于与中间药盒的铰接。侧挂药盒采用卡装方式挂在圆筒形弹架的外壁，即：侧挂药盒内侧壁的外边缘处设有第一卡爪23，该第一卡爪为弹性卡爪，侧挂药盒内侧壁一端的边缘中央设有第二卡爪22，第一卡爪卡23卡在圆筒形弹架的卡孔中，第二卡爪插在圆筒形弹架的卡槽中。
如图5、图6所示，中间药盒的中央设有射流通孔33，中间药盒的内侧设有装配射孔弹的凹槽32，即射孔弹的端头插在凹槽32中。
安装外药盒时，将药盒内侧贴在弹架外表面，将侧挂药盒的第一卡爪23卡在弹架的卡孔中，将第二卡爪22对准弹架卡槽，沿弹架上的卡槽滑动，就可以挂在弹架上，无需拆卸定位环，所以安装或拆卸既简单，又安全。
如图7、图8所示：三联外药盒中的一个侧挂药盒的外侧边设置有两个锁钩24，另一个侧挂药盒的外侧边设置有锁扣25，锁扣25的一端是铰接在侧挂药盒外侧边的。安装时只需将三联外药盒的内壁贴在弹架的装药位置，再将锁扣25的自由端与锁钩24锁紧即可。

Claims (4)

1.一种多级复合射孔装置的火药装药结构，包括在射孔器圆筒形弹架内装有内装一级火药的内药盒,内药盒位于相邻聚能射孔弹之间，其特征是在圆筒形弹架的外壁上还装有三联体外药盒，三联体外药盒由一个内装三级火药的中间药盒和两个内装二级火药的侧挂药盒组成，两个侧挂药盒分别位于中间药盒的两侧，中间药盒和侧挂药盒之间为铰接连接；中间药盒位于与射孔弹对应的位置，中间药盒内侧设置有装配射孔弹的内凹槽和射流通过的通孔，一级火药与二级火药压力峰值的时差为5～10毫秒，二级火药与三级火药压力峰值的时差为20～30毫秒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的火药装药结构，其特征是侧挂药盒的内侧设有卡爪，该卡爪卡在圆筒形弹架的卡孔中或插在圆筒形弹架的卡槽中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的火药装药结构，其特征是一个侧挂药盒的外侧边设置有锁钩，另一个侧挂药盒的外侧边设置有与锁钩配合的锁扣。
4.根据权利要求2所述的火药装药结构，其特征是侧挂药盒采用卡装方式挂在圆筒形弹架的外壁，即：侧挂药盒内侧壁的外边缘处设有第一卡爪，该第一卡爪为弹性卡爪，侧挂药盒内侧壁一端的边缘中央设有第二卡爪，第一卡爪卡卡在圆筒形弹架的卡孔中，第二卡爪插在圆筒形弹架的卡槽中。
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US13/814,243 US8943944B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2012-12-14 Structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating devices
PCT/US2012/069606 WO2013130166A1 (en) 2011-12-15 2012-12-14 A structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating devices
CA2859640A CA2859640C (en) 2011-12-15 2012-12-14 A structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating devices
US14/580,750 US9297242B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-23 Structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating device

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CN102052068B (zh) 2009-11-11 2013-04-24 西安通源石油科技股份有限公司 油气井复合压裂射孔方法及装置
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