CN102407408A - Welding junction suitable for welding dissimilar metal materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Welding junction suitable for welding dissimilar metal materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding junction suitable for welding dissimilar metal materials and a preparation method thereof. The welding junction is a metal sintered body prepared by molding and sintering through a powder metallurgy method, the content of metal elements of the metal sintered body has a gradient structure, the materials of two ends of the metal sintered body are respectively the same as or similar to two dissimilar metal base metals to be welded, and the metal sintered body has good weldability. The preparation method of the welding joint is a powder metallurgy method, metal powder is selected according to the material of dissimilar metal base metal, more than two mixed powder materials with gradient change of the main element content in the dissimilar metal base metal are prepared, and the gradient structure welding joint is prepared through molding, heat treatment and machining. The welding structure has good metal performance and can meet the welding forming of dissimilar metal welding components. The method solves the problems of high welding difficulty of dissimilar metal materials, poor quality of welding joints, easy failure and the like, and is an effective method for improving the service performance and prolonging the service life of the dissimilar metal material welding component.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Metal Material Welding technical field, relate to a kind of welding material of metal, be specifically related to a kind of welding knot that is applicable to the different metal materials welding and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The different metal materials welded unit is two or more different metal materials, through being solder-connected to together the structural elements with certain serviceability of formation.Because it has good comprehensive performances; Satisfy the demands of different of different operating condition to material; And can also practice thrift precious metal; Reduce the structural entity cost, give full play to the performance advantage of different materials, obtained increasingly extensive application in Aero-Space, nuclear industry, smelting iron and steel, automobile, field of petrochemical industry.
The different metal materials welding receives the increasingly extensive concern of people as the important step of different metal materials welded unit moulding.But because different metal materials in the significant difference of aspects such as physical property, chemical property, causes its welding process than complicated many of metal material of the same race, and quality of weld joint is difficult to guarantee, is difficult to satisfy the long-time requirement of using of member.The different metal materials welding is an important difficult problem of welding technology field always.
The method of different metal materials welding at present mainly comprises direct welding and the welding of prefabricated intermediate layer.
Different metal materials directly welds generally needs to formulate strict, complicated welding procedure, high to welding operating personnel's specification requirement.Like the welding method of patent of invention 200910248745.9 disclosed a kind of casting red copper oxygen lance spray nozzles, the welding process of its red copper shower nozzle and carbon steel pipe comprises processes such as the preceding preparation of weldering, weld preheating, welding condition control and after welding treatment.And, even directly welding, different metal materials formulates strict welding procedure, because the difference of packing material and mother metal character, can there be defectives such as fragility phase, crackle in welding point, and welded unit is difficult to reach the requirement of long-time use.
Prefabricated intermediate layer welding is a kind of new approaches of different metal materials welding.Application number is the preparation method that 200910018267.2 Chinese patent discloses a kind of dissimilar metal welding intermediate layer; Its welding method is the welding point position of a kind of metal in different metal materials to be welded, inter coats such as spraying one deck aluminium foil or tin; And then weld with another kind of metal material; Concrete grammar is to adopt the cold spray technique method, and at a kind of mother metal A joint area spraying to be welded layer of metal C inter coat, its coating layer thickness adjustable range is 0.01～20mm earlier; Adopt metal solder of the same race process commonly used that welding base metal B is welded with the metal C inter coat of spraying mutually then; Wherein, mother metal A comprises stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, titanium, aluminium or magnesium metal base body; Mother metal B comprises copper, titanium or aluminum metallic material, and A and B are two kinds of different metal materials; The metal C inter coat of spraying comprises a kind of among aluminium foil, tin or the mother metal B.Publication number is that the disclosed a kind of method for welding aluminum-copper dissmilar metal of the Chinese patent of CN 101074130A does, between aluminum metal and copper metal, places a kind of silver-colored magnesium nickel metal transfer material, then aluminum metal and copper metal is welded with the transition metal material two ends respectively.Prefabricated intermediate layer welding has alleviated the difficulty of different metal materials welding to a certain extent, has improved the quality of welding point.But the material of the welding transition layer in the existing technology is evenly single with composition, certainly exists certain nature difference with different metal materials to be welded, and welding point also occurs crackle and fragility easily and equates defective; Part adopts the welding transition layer of spraying or electroplating technology preparation, and thin thickness, poor adhesive force cause quality problems equally easily, cause member to be difficult to reach the service life of expection.
It is thus clear that; If find a kind of welding knot of transition, it is same or similar to satisfy the to be welded metal quality of parent material different with two kinds simultaneously, and good weldability is arranged; Will reduce the difficulty of different metal materials welding greatly, the quality and the service life of improving welded unit simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve different metal materials welding difficulty and reach the shortcoming that prior art exists greatly, a kind of welding knot that is applicable to the different metal materials welding and preparation method thereof is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of welding knot that is applicable to different metal materials welding is characterized in that the metal sinter that makes behind powder metallurgy process moulding, the sintering is become in described welding, comprise two-layer more than, metal element content has the metal material layer of gradient-structure; Its two ends surface layer metal material is same or similar with dissimilar metal quality of parent material to be welded respectively.
Described different metal materials is the metal mother metal to be welded of any two kinds of unlike materials or structure, comprises the metal or alloy material.For example, cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, or metal or its alloy such as copper, aluminium, magnesium, titanium, nickel.
Described facing layer metal material is similar with the metal quality of parent material, is meant that both main components are identical, and main component content is identical, or main component content difference is less than 20% (wt%), thereby makes both that good weldability arranged.
Described welding knot preferably comprises one deck transition zone at least between the surface layer of two ends, between facing layer and transition zone, transition zone and the transition zone, and its main component content distribution gradient.The preferred linear gradient of main component concentration gradients distributes.
Described each layer thickness of gradient-structure metal material layer is preferably 0.1 –, 10 mm.
Welding knot of the present invention, welding knot two ends are welded to connect with two kinds of dissimilar metal mother metals to be welded respectively in welding process.Because two ends surface layer metal material and metal quality of parent material to be welded are distinguished same or similar; Both have good weldability; Welding between welding knot and the two dissimilar metal mother metals is relatively easy, thereby alleviates the difficulty of welding greatly, improves the quality of welding knot.The transition zone of gradient-structure in the welding knot can be eliminated dissimilar metal and connect the structural defective that is prone to, and improves the metallic cohesion between two ends surface layer and each transition zone, guarantees the intensity of welding knot itself.
Methods such as melting welding that welding knot and the welding employing between the two dissimilar metal mother metals are common or soldering all can, select corresponding packing material according to unlike material.
The invention still further relates to the preparation method of said welding knot, the described welding knot of different metal materials welding that is applicable to adopts the powder metallurgic method preparation.So-called powder metallurgy is meant with metal dust (or mixture of metal dust and non-metal powder) as raw material, through being shaped and the heat treatment sintering technology of manufacturing metal material, composite and all kinds goods.
The method of welding knot of the present invention preparation is: according to the material of two kinds of dissimilar metal mother metals to be welded, select metal dust as raw material; With selected metal dust and organic additive or not doping, mix by proportioning, make the two or more mixed powders that essential element content changes in gradient in the dissimilar metal mother metal; Adopt the powder metallurgy forming technology that the metal powder material of preparation is shaped to the metal idiosome that essential element content is gradient-structure, wherein the metal powder layer at metal idiosome two ends is same or similar with dissimilar metal quality of parent material to be welded respectively; Make fine and close gradient-structure metal material through heat treatment again; Or adopt gradation moulding and combined with heat treatment to make described gradient-structure metal material; , machining welds knot after forming.
Among the preparation method of described welding knot, selected metal dust is the identical powder of dissimilar metal quality of parent material to be welded; Or select the simple substance powder of the main component of metal mother metal to be welded, in the component of metal mother metal and content range, add or do not add other element.
Described organic additive is methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, paraffin or stearic acid.
The powder metallurgy forming technology can adopt one or more in the methods such as mold pressing, isostatic cool pressing, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), injection moulding, casting.
Described heat treatment method comprises sintering.Sintering temperature and atmosphere can be confirmed with forming according to the element of the metal idiosome of moulding.
The welding knot for preparing carries out the test of performances such as intensity, confirms that it is suitable for the connection welding between the different metal materials.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the welding knot that is applicable to the different metal materials welding of the present invention; Its two ends material is same or similar with dissimilar metal mother metal to be welded respectively; And good weldability is arranged; Can alleviate the welding difficulty of different metal materials welded unit moulding greatly, improve the quality of welding point simultaneously.Gradient-structure in the welding knot can be eliminated dissimilar metal and connect the structural defective that is prone to, and improves two ends surface layer and the inner metallic cohesion of welding knot, guarantees the intensity of welding knot itself.The present invention adopts powder metallurgy process to prepare the welding knot of gradient-structure, and the preparation process is simple, easy operating, and the welding knot metallicity of preparation is good, satisfies the needs of the welding fabrication of dissimilar metal welded unit.Welding knot of the present invention and preparation method thereof is to improve the different metal materials welded unit serviceability and the effective ways in life-span.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the gradient-structure welding junction structure sketch map of the embodiment of the invention 1,3 preparations.
Fig. 2 is the gradient-structure welding junction structure sketch map of the embodiment of the invention 2 preparations.
The specific embodiment
Describe the present invention with specific embodiment below, described embodiment helps understanding of the present invention and enforcement, is not to be construed as limiting the invention.Embodiment of the present invention; In specific embodiment related metal material and the welding knot thereof; Those skilled in the art can also carry out same or analogous replacement on the function to it, for example change the composition and the concentration gradients of metal dust, and metal dust moulding, sintering method.For the powder metallurgy process of different metal, those skilled in the art are not difficult to select suitable moulding and sintering process according to the existing processes technology.Protection scope of the present invention is not exceeded with the specific embodiment, but is limited claim.
Embodiment 1: the welding knot and the preparation thereof of stainless steel and titanium dissimilar metal material, titanium and stainless gradient-structure alloy material are become in welding.
Prepare the stainless steel powder that five groups of components change successively and the mixed powder of titanium valve at first respectively; Used stainless steel powder material is 304 L, and titanium valve is commercially available pure titanium valve; The stainless steel powder mass content is respectively 90 %, 70 %, 50 %, 30 %, 10 % in five groups of mixed powders, and all the other are titanium valve, and it is numbered 1,2,3,4,5 respectively.Then the different component mixed powder of being prepared is packed in the static pressure model by the ascending order of numbering successively, and by isostatic cool pressing in 200 MPa pressure pressed moulding.
Its structure of metal idiosome of compression moulding is shown in accompanying drawing 1, and A, B are respectively stainless steel material and titanium metal material to be welded.The welding knot metal green structure of being suppressed is shown in C, and left end surface layer stainless steel powder mass content is 90 %, and titanium powder content is 10 %; Right-hand member surface layer titanium valve mass content is 90 %, and stainless steel powder content is 10 %; Two component content change successively in middle three layers of powder, are respectively stainless steel powder mass content 70 %, 50 % and 30 %, and all the other are titanium valve, thereby make the welding of compacting tie stainless steel and the variation in gradient respectively of titanium two component content in the metal idiosome.
At last the idiosome that suppresses is carried out hot pressed sintering under 1500 ℃ temperature, sintered body is carried out machining, promptly prepare structure shown in C, be applicable to the gradient-structure welding knot of stainless steel and titanium dissimilar metal material welding.
Embodiment 2: the welding knot and the preparation thereof of copper and low-carbon steel dissimilar metal metal material, the gradient-structure alloy material of copper and iron is become in welding.
Select copper powder and iron powder as raw material, adopt the method for gradation moulding and sinter bonded to prepare the gradient-structure welding knot that is used for copper and low-carbon steel dissimilar metal Metal Material Welding.At first get a certain amount of straight iron powder and pack in the mold pressing model, compression molding under the 120 MPa pressure is put into 1500 ℃ of sintering of corundum mould with idiosome and is gone out certain thickness fine and close iron block; Get copper powder and iron powder then and configure mixed powder by mass ratio 1:1, mixed powder is placed on the iron block of molding die, the similarity condition counterdie is pressed into certain thickness mixing idiosome, and 1400 ℃ of sintering make two-layer gradient-structure material; Dispose the copper iron mixed powder of a certain amount of copper powder mass content 85 % again, and mold pressing compression moulding, sintering is prepared three layers gradient-structure metal material under last 1300 ℃ of conditions; , machining welds knot after preparing the gradient-structure that is used for copper and low-carbon steel dissimilar metal Metal Material Welding.
The structure of welding knot is as shown in Figure 2, and A, B are respectively the mild steel and the copper metal material of knot to be welded.C is a prepared gradient-structure welding knot, and the welding knot comprises three layers, and left end is the pure iron material, and right-hand member reaches 85% copper-iron alloy for copper content, and middle one deck is a transition zone, for copper and weight of iron content respectively account for 50% alloy.Hold about welding is tied in the welding and connect in succession with mild steel and brazing respectively.
Embodiment 3: the welding knot and the preparation thereof of aluminium and magnesium different metal materials, the gradient-structure alloy material of aluminium and magnesium is become in welding.
Prepare the aluminium powder that five groups of components change successively and the mixed powder of magnesium powder at first respectively, the aluminium powder mass content is respectively 95 %, 75 %, 50 %, 25 %, 5 % in five groups of mixed powders, and all the other are the magnesium powder, and it is numbered 1,2,3,4,5 respectively.The different component mixed powder of being prepared is packed in the static pressure model by the ascending order of numbering successively, waits static pressure 200 MPa pressure to press down then to process welding and tie the metal idiosome.
The gradient-structure that idiosome is tied in welding is regulated in composition and filling through controlling each mixed powder in proper order.The structure of welding knot idiosome can be referring to shown in the accompanying drawing 1.In the present embodiment, A, B are respectively the aluminum metallic material and the magnesium metal material of knot to be welded, and welding knot metal green structure is shown in C, and an end is 95 % for the aluminium powder mass content, and the magnesium powder content is 5 %; The other end is that magnesium opaque amount content is 95 %, and content of aluminium powder is 5 %; Two component content change successively in middle three layers of powder, are respectively aluminium powder mass content 75 %, 50 % and 25 %, and all the other be the magnesium powder, thereby make the welding of compacting tie that two component content change in gradient in the metal idiosome.
At last the idiosome that suppresses is carried out hot pressed sintering under 600 ℃ temperature, sintered body is carried out machining, promptly prepare the gradient-structure welding knot that is used for aluminium and the welding of magnesium different metal materials.
Claims (10)
1. a welding knot that is applicable to different metal materials welding is characterized in that the metal sinter that makes behind powder metallurgy process moulding, the sintering is become in described welding, comprise two-layer more than, metal element content has the metal material layer of gradient-structure; Its two ends surface layer metal material is same or similar with dissimilar metal quality of parent material to be welded respectively.
2. welding knot according to claim 1 is characterized in that described metal mother metal comprises cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, or metallic copper, aluminium, magnesium, titanium, nickel and alloy thereof.
3. welding knot according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described facing layer metal material is similar with the metal quality of parent material, be meant that both main components are identical; And main component content is identical, or main component content difference is less than 20% (wt%).
4. welding knot according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described welding knot comprises one deck transition zone at least between the surface layer of two ends, between facing layer and transition zone, transition zone and the transition zone, and main component content distribution gradient.
5. welding knot according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the Gradient distribution of described main component content is that linear gradient distributes.
6. welding knot according to claim 1 is characterized in that described each layer thickness of gradient-structure metal material layer is 0.1～10 mm.
7. the described preparation method who is applicable to the welding knot of different metal materials welding of claim 1 adopts the powder metallurgy process preparation, it is characterized in that, according to the material of two kinds of dissimilar metal mother metals to be welded, selects metal dust as raw material; With selected metal dust and organic additive or not doping, mix by proportioning, make the two or more mixed powders that essential element content changes in gradient in the dissimilar metal mother metal; Adopt the powder metallurgy forming technology that the metal powder material of preparation is shaped to the metal idiosome that essential element content is gradient-structure; Wherein the metal powder layer at metal idiosome two ends is same or similar with dissimilar metal quality of parent material to be welded respectively, makes fine and close gradient-structure metal material through heat treatment again; Or adopt gradation moulding and combined with heat treatment to make described gradient-structure metal material; , machining welds knot after forming.
8. the preparation method of welding knot according to claim 7 is characterized in that described metal dust is the identical powder of dissimilar metal quality of parent material to be welded; Or be the simple substance powder of the main component of metal mother metal to be welded, in the component of metal mother metal and content range, add or do not add other element.
9. the preparation method of welding knot according to claim 7 is characterized in that described organic additive is methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, paraffin or stearic acid.
10. the preparation method of welding knot according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described powder metallurgy forming technology is one or several in mold pressing, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), isostatic cool pressing, injection moulding, the injection moulding forming method.
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| CN103372710A (en) * | 2012-04-14 | 2013-10-30 | 兰州理工大学 | Cold metal transition melting-brazing welding connection method for dissimilar magnesium metal and aluminum metal |
| CN103480846A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-01 | 南京理工大学 | Connecting method for sintering/welding titanium-steel dissimilar metal |
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Application publication date: 20120411 |