CN102301904A - Associated cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

A companion cultivation method for overcoming obstacles in tomato continuous cropping. Tomato continuous cropping often results in unbalanced soil nutrition, accumulation of pathogenic bacteria and autotoxic substances, resulting in stunted growth of tomato. According to the cultivation method of the present invention, fertilization is carried out in spring, and decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu. 3000-5000 Kilograms, ridges or furrows for soil preparation, covered with plastic film or not covered with plastic film on the ridge platform; underground in the shed 10cm The soil temperature is stable above 10 ℃, when the tomato seedling size is 6 ~ 9 a true leaf, plant tomato seedlings; at the same time, on the outside of the tomato seedlings, at the same distance from the tomato seedlings 3 ~ 8cm In this place, sow the associated onion and garlic crops, and cover the soil for compaction after sowing; field management, implement production management centered on tomatoes, and allow the associated planted onion and garlic crops to grow naturally. In the middle and late stages of tomato production, half-life crops can be divided according to the actual situation. Harvest or clear at any time.

Description

A Companion Cultivation Method Overcoming Obstacles of Tomato Continuous Cropping

A companion cultivation method for overcoming obstacles in tomato continuous cropping.

Technical field:

The invention relates to a protective cultivation method for using the allelopathic effect of onion and garlic crops to carry out associated cultivation with tomatoes, in particular to an associated cultivation method for overcoming obstacles in continuous cropping of tomatoes.

Background technique:

As we all know, tomato is one of the main vegetable crops in the world, and it is very popular among people. However, with the continuous expansion of cultivation area, continuous cropping is very common, especially under the conditions of greenhouse cultivation, tomato continuous cropping obstacles are very serious, and diseases occur frequently. , leading to a significant decline in tomato yield and quality. Tomato continuous cropping often results in unbalanced soil nutrients, hindering tomato growth, decreasing the population of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, increasing the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, and aggravating soil infectious diseases.

The root exudates and volatile substances in the shoots of onion and garlic crops are beneficial to the growth of tomato, and can even effectively promote the growth of tomato seedlings and inhibit the occurrence of diseases.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method that can utilize onion and garlic crops (garlic, tillering onions, chives, green onions, etc.) to accompany tomatoes, so that tomato seedlings can grow healthily and greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Above-mentioned purpose realizes by following technical scheme:

A companion cultivation method for overcoming the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare the facilities, and in spring the facilities will be closed at least 30 days in advance, and 3000-5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizers are applied per mu, and the soil is prepared for ridging Or make a bed; the second step is tomato colonization, when the soil temperature of 10cm below the ground in the shed is stable and higher than 10°C, the size of the tomato seedlings is 6-9 true leaves; the third step is the onion and garlic as the planting material of the bulb crops The sowing method of the crops, the sowing method of the associated crops is to plant the tomato seedlings while planting the tomato seedlings on the outside of the tomato seedlings, at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings, sowing the planting materials of the bulb crops 2 to 5 plants or plants of onion and garlic crops shall be covered with soil and compacted after sowing; the fourth step of field management is to implement production management centered on tomatoes, and the accompanying planted onion and garlic crops shall be allowed to grow naturally. According to the situation, the associated crops are harvested or removed at any time. After the tomato is planted, it is watered in time according to the actual situation. The tomato field management is the same as the conventional production. The entire cultivation period makes the associated crop grow with the tomato.

A companion cultivation method for overcoming the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare the facilities, and in spring the facilities will be closed at least 30 days in advance, and 3000-5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizers are applied per mu, and the soil is prepared for ridging Or make a bed; the second step is tomato colonization, when the soil temperature of 10cm below the ground in the shed is stable and higher than 10°C, the size of the tomato seedlings is 6-9 true leaves; the third step is the onion and garlic crops that use seeds as sowing materials The sowing method of the associated crops is that while the tomato seedlings are being planted, 10 to 20 onion seeds are sown on the outside of the tomato seedling frame at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings. After planting, cover the soil and compact it; the fourth step is field management, with tomato as the center to implement production management, and the accompanying chives to grow naturally, and the chives can be harvested or removed at any time according to the actual situation in the middle and late stages of tomato production. After the tomatoes are planted, water them in time according to the actual situation. The tomato field management is the same as the conventional production, and the companion crops and tomatoes grow together during the entire cultivation period.

A companion cultivation method for overcoming the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare the facilities, and in spring the facilities will be closed at least 30 days in advance, and 3000-5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizers are applied per mu, and the soil is prepared for ridging Or as a furrow, cover the ridge with plastic film; in the second step of tomato colonization, the soil temperature at 10cm below the ground in the shed is stable and higher than 10°C, and the size of the tomato seedlings is 6-9 true leaves, and the plastic film is planted hole planting tomato seedlings; the third step is the sowing method of associated onion and garlic crops, and the sowing method of the associated crops is while planting tomato seedlings, on the outside of the tomato seedlings, at the same hole distance as the tomato seedlings. At ~8cm, sow the associated onion and garlic crops, and cover the soil for compaction after sowing; the fourth step of field management is to implement production management centered on tomatoes, and allow the associated planted onion and garlic crops to grow naturally. According to the actual situation, half-life crops are harvested or removed at any time. After the tomato is planted, it is watered in time according to the actual situation. The management of the tomato field is the same as that of conventional production. The whole cultivation period makes the associated crop grow with the tomato.

A companion cultivation method for overcoming obstacles in tomato continuous cropping. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is fertilization for soil preparation, 3000-5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and ridges are prepared for soil preparation or ridges or ridges are covered with plastic film ; During the second step of tomato planting, the soil temperature at 10 cm below the ground is stable and higher than 12°C when planting, and the tomato seedlings have 6 to 9 true leaves. The sowing method of garlic crops, the sowing method of the associated crops is to plant the tomato seedlings at the same time as the tomato seedlings, on the outside of the tomato seedlings, at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings, sow the associated onions and garlic. For crops, cover soil and compact them after sowing; the fourth step of field management is to implement production management centered on tomatoes, and the associated planted onion and garlic crops are allowed to grow naturally. Half-life crops can be harvested or removed at any time according to actual conditions in the middle and late stages of tomato production. , after the tomato is planted, water it in time according to the actual situation, the tomato field management is the same as the conventional production, and the companion crops and the tomato grow together during the whole cultivation period.

In the accompanying cultivation method for overcoming obstacles to continuous cropping of tomato, the onion and garlic crops include tillering onions, garlic, and onion seeds.

In the accompanying cultivation method for overcoming obstacles in tomato continuous cropping, the onion and garlic crops include common onions, chives, and leeks.

In the accompanying cultivation method for overcoming obstacles to continuous cropping of tomato, the sowing of onion and garlic crops associated with sowing includes sowing 2 to 5 bulbs or 10 to 20 seeds. ``

Beneficial effect:

1. The present invention can effectively reduce the occurrence of tomato diseases (bacterial wilt, blight, gray mold), reduce the application of pesticides, promote the growth of tomato plants, and increase the yield by 10% to 12%.

The pesticide used in the invention is very little or not applied, and the tomato fruit produced can be a pollution-free green food.

The invention improves the microbial diversity of the soil and reduces the amount of pathogenic bacteria.

Body implementation:

Example 1:

A companion cultivation method for overcoming the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare the facilities, and in spring the facilities will be closed at least 30 days in advance, and 3000-5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizers are applied per mu, and the soil is prepared for ridging Or make a bed; the second step is tomato colonization, when the soil temperature of 10cm below the ground in the shed is stable and higher than 10°C, the size of the tomato seedlings is 6-9 true leaves; the third step is the onion and garlic as the planting material of the bulb crops The sowing method of crops (such as tillering onions, garlic, onion seeds, etc.), the sowing method of the associated crops is to plant the tomato seedlings outside the tomato seedlings, at the same hole distance as the tomato seedlings. At ~8cm, sow 2-5 plants or pieces of the above-mentioned accompanying crops, and cover the soil for compaction after sowing; the fourth step of field management is to implement production management centered on tomatoes, and the accompanying planted onion and garlic crops are allowed to grow naturally, tomato production The associated crops can be harvested or removed at any time according to the actual situation in the middle and late stages.

Example 2:

A companion cultivation method for overcoming the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare the facilities, and in spring the facilities will be closed at least 30 days in advance, and 3000-5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizers are applied per mu, and the soil is prepared for ridging Or make a bed; the second step is tomato colonization, when the soil temperature of 10cm below the ground in the shed is stable and higher than 10°C, the size of the tomato seedlings is 6-9 true leaves; the third step is the onion and garlic crops that use seeds as sowing materials (common onions, chives, leeks, etc.), the sowing method of the accompanying crops is to plant tomato seedlings at the same time as the outside of the tomato seedlings, at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings. Sow 10-20 onion seeds, and cover with soil and compact them after sowing; the fourth step is field management, with tomato as the center to implement production management, and the accompanying chives are allowed to grow naturally, and the middle and late stages of tomato production can be based on actual conditions. Chives are harvested or cleared at any time.

Example 3:

A companion cultivation method that overcomes obstacles to continuous cropping of tomatoes. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare facilities, and in spring the facilities will be closed at least 30 days in advance, and 3,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizers are applied per mu. Cover the ridges with plastic film; in the second step of tomato planting, the soil temperature at 10 cm below the ground in the shed is stable and higher than 10°C, and when the tomato seedlings are 6-9 true leaves, open planting holes on the plastic film for planting Tomato seedlings; the third step is the sowing method of associated onion and garlic crops. The sowing method of the associated crops is to plant tomato seedlings on the outside of the tomato seedlings, at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings. Sow the associated onion and garlic crops (2 to 5 bulbs, 10 to 20 seeds), cover the soil and compact it after sowing; the fourth step is field management, implement production management centered on tomatoes, and accompany planting The green onion and garlic crops are allowed to grow naturally, and the half-lived crops can be harvested or removed at any time according to the actual situation in the middle and late stages of tomato production.

Example 4:

A companion cultivation method that overcomes obstacles to continuous cropping of tomatoes. The cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to fertilize the site, apply 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu in the open field in spring, and prepare the site for ridges or furrows (you can also choose Cover the ridge with plastic film); in the second step of tomato planting, the soil temperature at 10cm below the ground is stable above 12°C when planting, and the tomato seedlings are 6-9 true leaves in size, and the tomato seedlings are planted (those with plastic film in advance) The planting hole is opened on the film); the third step is the sowing method of the associated onion and garlic crops. The sowing method of the associated crops is to plant the tomato seedlings at the same time as the tomato seedlings at the same hole distance as the tomato seedlings. At 3-8cm, sow the associated onion and garlic crops (2-5 bulbs, 10-20 seeds), cover soil and compact after sowing; the fourth step is field management, and the production is centered on tomatoes Management, the accompanying planted onion and garlic crops are allowed to grow naturally, and the half-lived crops can be harvested or removed at any time according to the actual situation in the middle and late stages of tomato production.

Example 5:

The above-mentioned embodiment overcomes the associated cultivation method of tomato continuous cropping obstacles, the described associated cultivation method of overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles, the described onion and garlic crops include tillering onions, garlic, and onion seeds, and the described onion and garlic crops include common Onions, chives, leeks, etc., the onion and garlic crops associated with sowing include 2 to 5 bulbs or 10 to 20 seeds, and the associated onions and garlic crops include 2 bulbs ～5 seeds or 10～20 seeds for sowing.

Embodiment 6:

The above-mentioned embodiment overcomes the accompanying cultivation method of tomato continuous cropping obstacles, the described accompanying cultivation method of overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles, the described tomato is watered in time according to the actual situation after planting, the tomato field management is the same as the conventional production, and the entire cultivation period enables the associated cultivation The crop grows alongside the tomato.

Claims (7)

1. A companion cultivation method for overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: the cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare facilities, at least 30 days in advance in spring to close the shed, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000-5000 per mu Kilograms, soil preparation for ridges or furrows; the second step is tomato colonization, the soil temperature of 10cm underground in the shed is stable above 10°C during planting, and the size of tomato seedlings is 6-9 true leaves; the third step is planting associated bulb crops The sowing method of the onion and garlic crops of the material, the sowing method of the accompanying crops is to plant the tomato seedlings at the outside of the tomato seedlings, at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings, sow bulbs. Crop planting materials are 2 to 5 onion and garlic crops, which are covered with soil and compacted after sowing; the fourth step is field management, with tomato as the center to implement production management, and the accompanying planted onion and garlic crops are allowed to grow naturally. According to the actual situation, the associated crops are harvested or removed at any time. After the tomato is planted, it is watered in time. The tomato field management is the same as the conventional production. The entire cultivation period makes the associated crop grow with the tomato. 2. A companion cultivation method for overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: the cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare facilities, at least 30 days in advance in spring to close the shed, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000-5000 per mu Kilograms, soil preparation for ridges or furrows; the second step is tomato colonization, when the soil temperature of 10cm underground in the shed is stable above 10°C, the size of tomato seedlings is 6-9 true leaves; the third step is to use seeds as sowing materials The sowing method of onion and garlic crops, the sowing method of the associated crops is to sow 10 onion seeds on the outside of the tomato seedling frame at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings while the tomato seedlings are planted. ~ 20 grains, covered with soil and compacted after sowing; the fourth step of field management is to implement production management centered on tomatoes, and the chives planted alongside are allowed to grow naturally. In addition, after the tomato is planted, it is watered in time, the tomato field management is the same as the conventional production, and the accompanying crops and the tomato grow together during the whole cultivation period. 3. A companion cultivation method for overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: the cultivation method has four steps: the first step is to prepare facilities, at least 30 days in advance in spring to close the shed, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000-5000 per mu Kilograms, ridges or furrows for site preparation, covering the ridges with plastic film; the second step during the tomato planting period, the soil temperature at 10 cm below the ground in the shed is stable above 10°C, and the size of the tomato seedlings is 6 to 9 true leaves , open planting holes on the mulch to plant tomato seedlings; the third step is the sowing method of associated onion and garlic crops, and the sowing method of the associated crops is to plant the tomato seedlings on the outside of the tomato seedlings. At a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole, sow the associated onion and garlic crops, and cover the soil for compaction after sowing; the fourth step of field management is to implement production management centered on tomatoes, and let the associated onion and garlic crops grow naturally. In the middle and later stages of production, the semi-living crops are harvested or removed at any time according to the actual situation. After the tomato is planted, it is watered in time. The tomato field management is the same as the conventional production. The whole cultivation period makes the companion crop grow with the tomato. 4. A companion cultivation method for overcoming obstacles in continuous cropping of tomatoes, characterized in that the cultivation method has four steps: the first step is fertilization for site preparation, 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and ridges or furrows are prepared for site preparation Or cover the ridge with plastic film; in the second step of tomato planting, the soil temperature at 10 cm below the ground is stable above 12°C when planting, and the tomato seedlings are 6 to 9 true leaves in size, plant tomato seedlings or open planting holes on the plastic film The third step is the sowing method of the associated onion and garlic crops. The sowing method of the associated crops is to plant the tomato seedlings on the outside of the tomato seedlings, at a distance of 3 to 8 cm from the same hole as the tomato seedlings. Sow the associated onion and garlic crops, and cover the soil for compaction after sowing; the fourth step of field management is to implement production management centered on tomatoes, and let the associated onion and garlic crops grow naturally. Harvest or remove at any time, irrigate the tomato in time after planting, the tomato field management is the same as conventional production, and the companion crop grows with the tomato during the whole cultivation period. 5. The accompanying cultivation method for overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: said onion and garlic crops include tillering onions, garlic, and onion seeds. 6. The companion cultivation method for overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 2, characterized in that: said onion and garlic crops include common onions, chives, and leeks. 7. The accompanying cultivation method for overcoming tomato continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the sowing associated onion and garlic crops include 2 to 5 bulbs or 10 to 20 seeds .