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CN102270335A - Method for embedding additional information into image - Google Patents

Method for embedding additional information into image Download PDF

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CN102270335A
CN102270335A CN 201010192317 CN201010192317A CN102270335A CN 102270335 A CN102270335 A CN 102270335A CN 201010192317 CN201010192317 CN 201010192317 CN 201010192317 A CN201010192317 A CN 201010192317A CN 102270335 A CN102270335 A CN 102270335A
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boundary
lsb
area
image
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朱昊亮
谢林
杜乐
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Samsung Electronics China R&D Center
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法和装置,包括:根据图像自身时域特征从图像中选择出至少一个区域,所述区域由区域边界和区域内部组成;根据每一个区域的时域特征分别设置对应的最低有效位LSB级别;针对每一个区域,根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将事先设置的边界标识嵌入到区域边界,根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将附加信息嵌入到区域内部。应用本发明方案,不但实现了附加信息的隐藏,还在保证图像不被感知的情况下,更加灵活地嵌入附加信息。

Figure 201010192317

The present invention provides a method and device for embedding additional information in an image, including: selecting at least one region from the image according to the time domain characteristics of the image itself, the region is composed of the region boundary and the region interior; Set the corresponding least significant bit LSB level for the time-domain features respectively; for each area, according to the corresponding LSB level and adopt the LSB concealment method to embed the pre-set boundary mark into the area boundary, according to the corresponding LSB level and adopt the LSB concealment method to embed Additional information is embedded inside the region. The application of the solution of the present invention not only realizes the hiding of additional information, but also embeds the additional information more flexibly under the condition that the image is not perceived.

Figure 201010192317

Description

一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法和装置A method and device for embedding additional information in an image

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及数字图像处理技术,特别涉及一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法和装置。The invention relates to digital image processing technology, in particular to a method and device for embedding additional information in an image.

背景技术 Background technique

在数字图像处理技术中,可以利用某种算法将一些附加信息隐藏在图像数据中,比如隐藏版权保护信息、图像注释说明或另一数字图像等。这种数字图像技术通常分为基于频域和基于时域的两类算法。其中,基于时域的算法大多采用最低有效位(LSB)的原理实现,即:利用图像像素点低位比特位来隐藏附加信息,高位比特位则仍然用来表示该点的像素值。由于低位比特位对像素值的贡献比较小,人眼对像素点低位比特位的变化不敏感,如果将附加信息嵌入在低位比特位中,既可以减小对图像的破坏,又不影响人眼视觉感受,从而达到隐藏附加信息的效果。In digital image processing technology, certain algorithm can be used to hide some additional information in image data, such as hiding copyright protection information, image annotation or another digital image, etc. This digital image technology is usually divided into two types of algorithms based on the frequency domain and based on the time domain. Among them, the algorithms based on the time domain are mostly implemented using the least significant bit (LSB) principle, that is, the low-order bits of image pixels are used to hide additional information, and the high-order bits are still used to represent the pixel value of the point. Since the contribution of the low-order bits to the pixel value is relatively small, the human eye is not sensitive to changes in the low-order bits of the pixel. If additional information is embedded in the low-order bits, it can reduce the damage to the image without affecting the human eye. Visual experience, so as to achieve the effect of hiding additional information.

但现有技术通常是针对整个图像,并利用统一的LSB位数(或称LSB级别)来隐藏附加信息,并没有很好地与图像内容、亮度、纹理、位置等时域特征关联,无法灵活隐藏附加信息。However, the existing technology is usually aimed at the entire image, and uses a unified LSB number (or LSB level) to hide additional information, which is not well correlated with time-domain features such as image content, brightness, texture, and position, and cannot be flexible. Hide additional information.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

鉴于上述现有技术的缺陷,本发明的发明目的是提供一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法和装置,可以在保证图像不被感知的情况下,更加灵活地嵌入附加信息。In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for embedding additional information in an image, which can embed additional information more flexibly while ensuring that the image is not perceived.

针对上述第一个发明目的,本发明提出的技术方案是:For above-mentioned first invention object, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is:

一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法,该方法包括:A method of embedding additional information in an image, the method comprising:

根据图像自身时域特征从图像中选择出至少一个区域,所述区域由区域边界和区域内部组成;Selecting at least one region from the image according to the temporal characteristics of the image itself, where the region consists of a region boundary and a region interior;

根据每一个区域的时域特征分别设置对应的最低有效位LSB级别;Set the corresponding least significant bit LSB level according to the time domain characteristics of each area;

针对每一个区域,根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将事先设置的边界标识嵌入到区域边界,根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将附加信息嵌入到区域内部。For each region, according to the corresponding LSB level and using the LSB hiding method, the pre-set boundary identifier is embedded into the region boundary, and according to the corresponding LSB level and using the LSB hiding method, the additional information is embedded into the region.

上述方案中,所述时域特征包括图像内容、亮度、颜色、或图像中的位置。In the above solution, the time-domain feature includes image content, brightness, color, or position in the image.

上述方案中,所述选择区域的方法包括:In the above scheme, the method for selecting an area includes:

由用户指定区域边界,指定的区域边界以及所包围的区域内部构成一个选择出的区域;或者,A selected area is formed by the user-specified area boundary, the specified area boundary, and the enclosed area interior; or,

采用区域边界识别算法从图像中识别出区域边界,识别出的区域边界以及所包围的区域内部构成一个选择出的区域。A region boundary is recognized from the image by using a region boundary recognition algorithm, and the recognized region boundary and the surrounding region constitute a selected region.

上述方案中,所述根据每一个区域的时域特征分别设置对应的LSB级别的方法包括:In the above solution, the method for setting the corresponding LSB level according to the time domain characteristics of each area includes:

先为每一个区域设置默认LSB级别,再针对各区域的时域特征对LSB级别逐个调整,以获得各区域对应的LSB级别;或者,First set the default LSB level for each area, and then adjust the LSB level one by one according to the time domain characteristics of each area to obtain the corresponding LSB level for each area; or,

针对每一个区域,根据时域特征相关算法计算出该区域的特征值,再根据事先设置的特征值与LSB级别的对应关系确定该区域的LSB级别,以获得各区域对应的LSB级别。For each area, the feature value of the area is calculated according to the time-domain feature correlation algorithm, and then the LSB level of the area is determined according to the corresponding relationship between the feature value and the LSB level set in advance, so as to obtain the LSB level corresponding to each area.

上述方案中,针对每一个区域,所述将事先设置的边界标识嵌入到区域边界的方法包括:针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据该区域对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将边界标识嵌入所述区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位;In the above solution, for each region, the method of embedding the preset boundary identifier into the region boundary includes: for each region, determining the pixel points of the region boundary according to the coordinates of the region boundary, and determining the region according to the LSB level corresponding to the region The bits used for hiding in the border pixels, and embedding the border identifier into the bits used for hiding in the border pixels of the region;

针对每一个区域,所述将附加信息嵌入到区域内部的方法包括:针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将附加信息嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。For each area, the method for embedding additional information into the area includes: for each area, determining the pixel points inside the area according to the coordinates of the area boundary, and determining the pixel points in the area for hiding according to the corresponding LSB level of the area. bits, and embed additional information into the hidden bits in the pixels inside the region.

针对上述第二个发明目的,本发明提出的技术方案为:For above-mentioned second invention object, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is:

一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的装置,该装置包括:A device for embedding additional information in an image, the device comprising:

区域选择模块,根据图像自身时域特征从图像中选择出至少一个区域,并将选择的区域通知给最低有效位LSB级别设置模块和信息嵌入模块,所述区域由区域边界和区域内部组成;The area selection module selects at least one area from the image according to the time domain characteristics of the image itself, and notifies the selected area to the least significant bit LSB level setting module and the information embedding module, the area is composed of the area boundary and the interior of the area;

最低有效位LSB级别设置模块,根据每一个区域的时域特征分别设置对应的最低有效位LSB级别,并通知给信息嵌入模块;The least significant bit LSB level setting module sets the corresponding least significant bit LSB level respectively according to the time domain characteristics of each area, and notifies the information embedding module;

信息嵌入模块,针对每一个区域,根据该区域对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将事先设置的边界标识嵌入到该区域的区域边界,根据该区域对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将附加信息嵌入到该区域的区域内部。The information embedding module, for each region, according to the corresponding LSB level of the region and using the LSB concealment method, embeds the pre-set boundary mark into the region boundary of the region, according to the corresponding LSB level of the region and adopts the LSB concealment method to embed the additional information Embedded inside the region's region.

上述方案中,所述时域特征包括亮度、颜色或图像中的位置。In the above solution, the time-domain feature includes brightness, color or position in the image.

上述方案中,所述信息嵌入模块包括:In the above scheme, the information embedding module includes:

第一存储模块,用于保存边界标识;The first storage module is used to save the border identifier;

第二存储模块,用于保存附加信息;The second storage module is used to store additional information;

第三存储模块,用于保存每一个区域分别对应的LSB级别;The third storage module is used to save the LSB level corresponding to each area;

第一执行模块,针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据第三存储模块保存的该区域对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将第一存储模块保存的边界标识嵌入所述区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位;The first execution module, for each region, determines the pixel points of the region border according to the coordinates of the region border, determines the bits used for hiding in the region border pixel points according to the corresponding LSB level of the region saved by the third storage module, and sends the second A boundary identifier saved by a storage module is embedded in the bit for hiding in the boundary pixels of the region;

第二执行模块,针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据第三存储模块保存的该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将第二存储模块保存的附加信息嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。The second execution module, for each region, determines the pixels inside the region according to the coordinates of the region boundary, determines the bits used for hiding in the pixels inside the region according to the corresponding LSB level of the region saved by the third storage module, and sends the The additional information saved by the second storage module is embedded in the bits used for hiding in the pixels inside the area.

本发明提供一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法和装置,可以根据图像自身时域特征选择至少一个区域,再根据各区域的时域特征分别设置对应的LSB级别。每一个区域根据对应的LSB级别将边界标识嵌入到区域边界,根据对应的LSB级别将附加信息嵌入到区域内部,不但实现了附加信息的隐藏,还在保证图像不被感知的情况下,更加灵活地嵌入附加信息。The present invention provides a method and device for embedding additional information in an image. At least one region can be selected according to the temporal characteristics of the image itself, and then corresponding LSB levels can be set respectively according to the temporal characteristics of each region. Each region embeds the boundary identifier into the region boundary according to the corresponding LSB level, and embeds additional information into the region according to the corresponding LSB level, which not only realizes the hiding of additional information, but also ensures that the image is not perceived, more flexible embedded additional information.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是本发明在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for embedding additional information in an image according to the present invention.

图2是本发明实施例中要隐藏附加信息的图像的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an image to hide additional information in an embodiment of the present invention.

图3是本发明实施例的流程图。Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.

图4是从图2中进行区域选择情况的示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of region selection from FIG. 2 .

图5是本发明实施例中可嵌入信息的比特位示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of bits of information that can be embedded in an embodiment of the present invention.

图6是利用本发明实施例方案嵌入附加信息之前的图像情况示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an image before embedding additional information using the solution of an embodiment of the present invention.

图7是利用本发明实施例方案嵌入附加信息之后的图像情况示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an image after embedding additional information using the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.

图8是本发明实现在图像中嵌入附加信息的装置结构示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for embedding additional information in an image according to the present invention.

图9是图8中信息嵌入模块803内部结构示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the information embedding module 803 in FIG. 8 .

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

本发明的核心思想是:根据图像自身时域特征,为不同区域设置不同的最低有效位(LSB)级别,将边界标识和附加信息分别嵌入区域边界和区域内部中。这样,不仅可以达到嵌入附加信息的目的,而且,由于为不同区域设置了不同的LSB级别,可以在保证图像不被感知的情况下,更加灵活地嵌入附加信息。The core idea of the present invention is to set different least significant bit (LSB) levels for different regions according to the time-domain characteristics of the image itself, and embed boundary identification and additional information into the region boundary and region interior respectively. In this way, not only the purpose of embedding additional information can be achieved, but also, since different LSB levels are set for different regions, the additional information can be embedded more flexibly while ensuring that the image is not perceived.

图1是本发明实现在图像中嵌入附加信息的方法的流程图。如图1所示,该方法包括:Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for embedding additional information in an image according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:

步骤101:根据图像自身时域特征从图像中选择出至少一个区域,所述区域由区域边界和区域内部组成。Step 101: Select at least one region from the image according to the time-domain characteristics of the image itself, and the region is composed of a boundary of the region and an interior of the region.

这里,图像的时域特征是指图像内容、亮度、颜色、或图像中的位置等。本发明之所以根据图像的上述特征来选择区域是因为:某些时域特征对人有直观含义(例如图像内容),某些时域特征人眼不敏感(例如高亮区域、图像纹理丰富的区域、图像的边界区域)。基于该原理,本发明后续就可以利用这些选择出的区域来隐藏信息了。Here, the temporal features of an image refer to image content, brightness, color, or position in the image, etc. The reason why the present invention selects the region according to the above-mentioned features of the image is because: some time-domain features have intuitive meanings to people (such as image content), and some time-domain features are not sensitive to human eyes (such as highlighted areas, rich image textures, etc.) area, the border area of the image). Based on this principle, the present invention can use these selected regions to hide information later.

另外,选择区域的方式很多,比如:可以由用户手工指定区域边界,其指定的区域边界以及所包围的区域内部构成一个选择出的区域,至于具体如何实现,本领域技术人员应该很容易实施,此处不再赘述。再比如:可以采用区域边界识别算法从图像中识别出区域边界,识别出的区域边界以及所包围的区域内部构成一个选择出的区域。这里所述的区域边界识别算法可以包括差分边界检测、梯度边界检测等现有技术,此处也不再详细描述。In addition, there are many ways to select an area. For example, the user can manually specify the area boundary, and the specified area boundary and the surrounding area constitute a selected area. As for how to implement it, it should be easy for those skilled in the art to implement. I won't repeat them here. For another example: a region boundary recognition algorithm may be used to recognize a region boundary from an image, and the recognized region boundary and the surrounding region constitute a selected region. The area boundary identification algorithm described here may include existing technologies such as differential boundary detection and gradient boundary detection, which will not be described in detail here.

步骤102:根据每一个区域的时域特征分别设置对应的最低有效位LSB级别。Step 102: Set the corresponding least significant bit LSB level respectively according to the time domain characteristics of each area.

为了充分利用不同区域的时域特征,本发明可以为不同的区域设置不同的LSB级别。这里所述的LSB级别就是像素点中允许隐藏信息的最低比特位数,具体实现时可以根据某区域的时域特征确定该区域适合隐藏信息的多少。比如:选择出3个需要隐藏信息的区域。其中,第一区域的亮度值高,便于隐藏较多的信息,于是可为其设置较高的LSB级别,令该区域像素点的最低3位都用于隐藏信息,并记录为LSB=3。第二区域的亮度值比较低,不便于隐藏较多的信息,于是可为其设置较低的LSB级别,令该区域像素点的最低1位用于隐藏信息,并记录为LSB=1。第三区域的亮度值虽然比较低,但属于区域图像边界,也便于隐藏较多的信息,可为其设置稍高的LSB级别,令该区域像素点的最低2位用于隐藏信息,并记录为LSB=2。In order to make full use of the time domain characteristics of different regions, the present invention can set different LSB levels for different regions. The LSB level mentioned here is the lowest number of bits allowed to hide information in a pixel point. During specific implementation, it can be determined according to the time domain characteristics of a certain area that the area is suitable for hiding information. For example: select 3 areas that need to hide information. Among them, the brightness value of the first area is high, which is convenient to hide more information, so a higher LSB level can be set for it, so that the lowest 3 bits of pixels in this area are used to hide information, and recorded as LSB=3. The luminance value of the second area is relatively low, which is inconvenient to hide more information, so a lower LSB level can be set for it, so that the lowest 1 bit of the pixel in this area is used to hide information, and recorded as LSB=1. Although the brightness value of the third area is relatively low, it belongs to the area image boundary, and it is also convenient to hide more information. A slightly higher LSB level can be set for it, so that the lowest 2 bits of pixels in this area are used to hide information and record LSB=2.

当然,具体确定LSB级别的方式很多,比如:先为每一个区域设置默认LSB级别,再针对各区域的时域特征对LSB级别逐个调整,以获得各区域对应的LSB级别。再比如:针对每一个区域,根据时域特征相关算法计算出该区域的特征值,再根据事先设置的特征值与LSB级别的对应关系确定该区域的LSB级别,以获得各区域对应的LSB级别。这里所述的时域特征相关算法可以为图像纹理信息获取算法、图像亮度信息获取算法等,具体算法均可采用现有技术实现,此处不再赘述。Of course, there are many ways to specifically determine the LSB level, for example: first set the default LSB level for each area, and then adjust the LSB level one by one according to the time domain characteristics of each area to obtain the corresponding LSB level for each area. Another example: for each area, calculate the feature value of the area according to the time-domain feature correlation algorithm, and then determine the LSB level of the area according to the corresponding relationship between the feature value and the LSB level set in advance, so as to obtain the corresponding LSB level of each area . The time-domain feature correlation algorithm described here may be an image texture information acquisition algorithm, an image brightness information acquisition algorithm, etc., and the specific algorithms may be implemented using existing technologies, and will not be repeated here.

步骤103:针对每一个区域,根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将事先设置的边界标识嵌入到区域边界,根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将附加信息嵌入到区域内部。Step 103: For each region, according to the corresponding LSB level and using the LSB hiding method, embed the pre-set boundary identifier into the region boundary, and according to the corresponding LSB level and using the LSB hiding method, embed additional information into the region.

本步骤不但将附加信息嵌入到选择出的区域内部,还将边界标识嵌入到了各个区域的区域边界。之所以嵌入区域标识,是因为本发明并不像现有技术一样在整个图像中嵌入附加信息,而是在图像的某个或某些区域中嵌入附加信息。本领域技术人员知道,如果是在整个图像中嵌入附加信息,读取附加信息的区域是已知的,可以很容易读取出附加信息。而如果是在图像的某个或某些区域中嵌入附加信息,在不清楚区域的位置情况下,无法成功读取出附加信息。基于此,本发明为便于后续读取附加信息,将标识区域边界的信息也一并携带在图像中,即:将边界标识嵌入区域边界。This step not only embeds the additional information into the selected area, but also embeds the boundary identifier into the area boundary of each area. The reason why the region identification is embedded is that the present invention does not embed additional information in the whole image as in the prior art, but embeds additional information in one or some regions of the image. Those skilled in the art know that if the additional information is embedded in the entire image, the area where the additional information is read is known, and the additional information can be easily read. However, if the additional information is embedded in one or some regions of the image, the additional information cannot be successfully read out without knowing the location of the region. Based on this, in order to facilitate the subsequent reading of additional information, the present invention also carries the information identifying the boundary of the region in the image, that is, the boundary identifier is embedded in the boundary of the region.

具体地说,Specifically,

根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将边界标识嵌入到区域边界的方法包括:针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据该区域对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将边界标识嵌入所述区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。According to the corresponding LSB level and using the LSB concealment method, the method of embedding the boundary identifier into the region boundary includes: for each region, determining the pixel points of the region boundary according to the coordinates of the region boundary, and determining the pixel points of the region boundary according to the corresponding LSB level of the region Bits for hiding, and embedding the boundary identifier into the bit for hiding in the boundary pixels of the region.

根据对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将附加信息嵌入到区域内部的方法包括:针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将附加信息嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。The method of embedding additional information into the region according to the corresponding LSB level and using the LSB hiding method includes: for each region, determine the pixel points inside the region according to the coordinates of the region boundary, and determine the pixels in the region according to the corresponding LSB level of the region bits for hiding, and embed additional information into the bits for hiding in the pixels inside the region.

为了更好地说明本发明方案,下面用一个较佳实施例进行详细描述。In order to better illustrate the solution of the present invention, a preferred embodiment is used for a detailed description below.

图2是本实施例假设要隐藏附加信息的图像的示意图,该图像为一幅位图(BMP),其中的每一个小方格表示一个像素点。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an image in which additional information is assumed to be hidden in this embodiment. The image is a bitmap (BMP), where each small square represents a pixel.

本实施例的方法流程如图3所示,可以包括以下流程:The method flow of this embodiment is shown in Figure 3, and may include the following flow:

步骤301:读取一BMP图像。Step 301: Read a BMP image.

本实施例是以BMP图像为例进行说明的,实际应用中还可以是联合图片专家组(JPG或JPEG)、JPG2000等其它格式的图像。This embodiment is described by taking a BMP image as an example, and in actual application, an image in other formats such as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG or JPEG), JPG2000, etc. may also be used.

步骤302:根据图像自身时域特征从图像中选择出3个区域(区域1、区域2、区域3),每一个区域由区域边界和区域内部组成。Step 302: Select three regions (region 1, region 2, and region 3) from the image according to the temporal characteristics of the image itself, and each region consists of a region boundary and a region interior.

如前所述,本实施例可以手工选择区域,或者采用差分边界检测、梯度边界检测等这类算法自动选择区域,至于如何实施由应用本发明方案的用户自行确定。本实施例假设从图2中选择了3个区域,其选择情况如图4所示。As mentioned above, in this embodiment, regions can be manually selected, or regions can be automatically selected using algorithms such as differential boundary detection and gradient boundary detection. As for how to implement it, it is up to the user who applies the solution of the present invention to determine. In this embodiment, it is assumed that three regions are selected from FIG. 2 , and the selection situation is shown in FIG. 4 .

步骤303:记录各区域边界的坐标。Step 303: Record the coordinates of the boundaries of each area.

实际应用中,可以将所选择区域的区域边界坐标先记录下来,以便于后续对该区域进行操作。比如:将某正方形区域边界坐标记录为(0,0)...(0,10)...(10,10)...(10,0),本实施例中的区域也可以按照该方法来记录边界坐标。这样,后续就可以通过这些坐标确定区域位置所在的像素点,从而准确地嵌入信息。In practical applications, the area boundary coordinates of the selected area can be recorded first, so as to facilitate subsequent operations on the area. For example: the boundary coordinates of a certain square area are recorded as (0,0)...(0,10)...(10,10)...(10,0), the area in this embodiment can also be according to this method to record the boundary coordinates. In this way, these coordinates can be used to determine the pixel point where the area is located, so as to accurately embed information.

步骤304:根据所选择出3个区域各自的时域特征,将区域1对应的LSB级别设置为3,区域2对应的LSB级别设置为1,区域3对应的LSB级别设置为2。Step 304: Set the LSB level corresponding to area 1 to 3, the LSB level corresponding to area 2 to 1, and the LSB level corresponding to area 3 to 2 according to the respective time domain characteristics of the three selected areas.

本实施例中,假设区域1是边界区域,人眼不敏感,可以将LSB设置得高一些;区域2在图像中间,相对于边界来说人眼比较敏感,可以将LSB设置得低一些;区域3属于高亮区域,人眼也不太敏感,可以将其设置得稍高一些。不管设置的依据是亮度、颜色、图像内容、还是图像中的位置,这些特征在本实施中都可以统称为图像的时域特征,至于这些时域特征与LSB级别的对应关系则可以根据经验或者图像的实际情况确定。In this embodiment, assuming that area 1 is a boundary area, the human eye is not sensitive, and the LSB can be set higher; area 2 is in the middle of the image, and the human eye is more sensitive than the boundary, and the LSB can be set lower; 3 belongs to the highlight area, and the human eye is not too sensitive, so it can be set a little higher. No matter the setting basis is brightness, color, image content, or position in the image, these features can be collectively referred to as temporal features of the image in this implementation, and the correspondence between these temporal features and LSB levels can be based on experience or The actual situation of the image is determined.

也就是说,本实施例设置LSB级别的方法可以采用如前所述用户手工调整的方式:先将区域1~区域3的LSB级别设置成默认的级别,即LSB=1;针对区域1来说,该区域属于边界区域,可以重新将其调整为LSB=3;针对区域2来说,该区域在图像中间,可以保持其默认级别不变;针对区域3来说,该区域属于高亮区域,则可以适当将其调整为LSB=2。That is to say, the method of setting the LSB level in this embodiment can be manually adjusted by the user as mentioned above: first set the LSB level of area 1 to area 3 to the default level, that is, LSB=1; for area 1 , this area belongs to the boundary area, which can be readjusted to LSB=3; for area 2, this area is in the middle of the image, and its default level can be kept unchanged; for area 3, this area belongs to the highlighted area, Then it can be properly adjusted to LSB=2.

实际应用中也可以采用自动方式调整LSB级别,比如:先从各区域的边界坐标确定区域1属于边界区域,区域2、3不属于边界区域,于是将区域1对应的LSB级别设置为3;再计算区域2、3的平均亮度值分别为X、Y,经查找事先设置的亮度值与LSB级别对应的关系表,确定X对应的LSB级别为1,Y对应的LSB级别为2,因此可以将区域2对应的LSB级别设置为1,将区域3对应的LSB级别设置为2。这里计算的是区域所在位置、区域亮度平均值,实际应用中也可以计算区域的图像纹理信息等其它时域特征,并查找这些计算出的特征值与LSB级别的对应关系,从而确定相应的LSB级别。In practical applications, the LSB level can also be adjusted automatically. For example: first determine from the boundary coordinates of each area that area 1 belongs to the boundary area, and areas 2 and 3 do not belong to the boundary area, so set the LSB level corresponding to area 1 to 3; Calculate the average luminance values of areas 2 and 3 as X and Y respectively. After searching the relationship table corresponding to the luminance value and LSB level set in advance, it is determined that the LSB level corresponding to X is 1, and the LSB level corresponding to Y is 2. Therefore, the The LSB level corresponding to area 2 is set to 1, and the LSB level corresponding to area 3 is set to 2. What is calculated here is the location of the area and the average brightness of the area. In practical applications, other temporal features such as image texture information of the area can also be calculated, and the corresponding relationship between these calculated feature values and the LSB level can be found to determine the corresponding LSB. level.

总之,不管是采用手工方式还是自动方式,不管是利用哪种时域特征,最终都可以为各个区域设置适当的LSB级别,此处不再一一列举。In short, regardless of the manual or automatic method, no matter which time-domain feature is used, an appropriate LSB level can be set for each region in the end, and will not be listed here.

步骤305:记录下为各个区域设置的LSB级别。Step 305: Record the LSB levels set for each area.

步骤306:设置边界标识K。Step 306: Set the boundary flag K.

如前所述,用于隐藏附加信息的区域边界还需要嵌入边界标识K,才能在读取附加信息时确定区域位置。假设步骤304中已经设置了某个区域的LSB级别为2,本步骤中所述的K值就是需要嵌入区域边界像素点最低两个比特位上的值。当然,边界标识K值可以由应用本发明方案的用户自行设置。比如:仍然以LSB级别为2为例,为减小对区域边界处的影响,可以将边界标识K设置成“00”,即:在区域边界所在像素点最低两位比特位中嵌入“00”。如果不考虑区域边界的影响,也可以嵌入其他的值,比如“10”等。另外,实际应用中,为减小边界标识与图像像素点本身像素值冲突的概率,还可以在边界两行两列“田”字形位置的4个像素点中嵌入边界标识,也就是说,在区域边界最外两周像素点中嵌入边界标识,其情况如图4所示。当然,实际应用中,是在区域最外一周的像素点中嵌入边界标识,还是在最外两周像素点中嵌入边界标识,可以由应用本发明方案的用户自行确定。As mentioned above, the boundary of the region used to hide the additional information also needs to embed the boundary identifier K, so as to determine the location of the region when the additional information is read. Assuming that the LSB level of a certain area has been set to 2 in step 304, the K value mentioned in this step is the value of the lowest two bits of the border pixel that needs to be embedded in the area. Of course, the value of the boundary identifier K can be set by the user who applies the solution of the present invention. For example: still taking the LSB level as 2 as an example, in order to reduce the impact on the boundary of the region, the boundary identifier K can be set to "00", that is, "00" is embedded in the lowest two bits of the pixel where the boundary of the region is located . If you don't consider the influence of the area boundary, you can also embed other values, such as "10" and so on. In addition, in practical applications, in order to reduce the probability of conflict between the border mark and the pixel value of the image pixel itself, the border mark can also be embedded in the four pixels of the "Tian"-shaped position in the two rows and two columns of the border, that is, in The boundary logo is embedded in the outermost two weeks of pixels of the region boundary, as shown in Figure 4. Of course, in practical applications, whether to embed the boundary mark in the outermost pixel points of the area or to embed the boundary mark in the outermost two pixel points can be determined by the user applying the solution of the present invention.

步骤307:针对区域1设置附加信息1,针对区域2设置附加信息2,针对区域3设置附加信息3。Step 307: Set additional information 1 for area 1, set additional information 2 for area 2, and set additional information 3 for area 3.

步骤308:针对区域1,根据其区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据区域1所对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将边界标识K嵌入该区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位;针对区域1,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将附加信息1嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。Step 308: For area 1, determine the pixel points of the area boundary according to the coordinates of the area boundary, determine the hidden bits in the area boundary pixel points according to the LSB level corresponding to area 1, and embed the boundary identifier K into the area boundary pixel Bits used for hiding in the point; for area 1, determine the pixel points inside the area according to the coordinates of the area boundary, determine the bits used for hiding in the pixels inside the area according to the corresponding LSB level of the area, and embed additional information 1 Bits used for hiding in pixels inside the region.

步骤309:针对区域2,根据其区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据区域2所对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将边界标识K嵌入该区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位;针对区域2,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将附加信息2嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。Step 309: For area 2, determine the pixel points of the area boundary according to the coordinates of the area boundary, determine the hidden bits in the area boundary pixel points according to the LSB level corresponding to area 2, and embed the boundary identifier K into the area boundary pixel Bits used for hiding in the point; for area 2, determine the pixel points inside the area according to the coordinates of the area boundary, determine the bits used for hiding in the pixels inside the area according to the corresponding LSB level of the area, and embed additional information 2 Bits used for hiding in pixels inside the region.

步骤310:针对区域3,根据其区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据区域3所对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将边界标识K嵌入该区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位;针对区域3,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将附加信息3嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。Step 310: For area 3, determine the pixel points of the area boundary according to the coordinates of the area boundary, determine the hidden bits in the area boundary pixel points according to the LSB level corresponding to area 3, and embed the boundary identifier K into the area boundary pixel Bits used for hiding in the point; for area 3, determine the pixel points inside the area according to the coordinates of the area boundary, determine the bits used for hiding in the pixels inside the area according to the corresponding LSB level of the area, and embed additional information 3 Bits used for hiding in pixels inside the region.

本实施例中,步骤308~步骤310是在所选择区域的边界嵌入边界标识、在区域内部嵌入附加信息的关键步骤。不管是嵌入边界标识还是嵌入附加信息,嵌入方法都采用LSB隐藏方法。以LSB级别为2为例,如图5所示,假设某像素点包括红(Red)、绿(Green)、蓝(Blue)三种颜色,每种颜色占8个比特,最低两位就可以作为嵌入信息的比特位,至于如何具体嵌入属于现有技术,此处不再赘述。In this embodiment, steps 308 to 310 are key steps for embedding a border marker at the border of the selected region and embedding additional information inside the region. Whether it is embedding boundary markers or embedding additional information, the embedding methods all use the LSB hidden method. Taking the LSB level as 2 as an example, as shown in Figure 5, assuming that a pixel includes three colors of red (Red), green (Green), and blue (Blue), each color occupies 8 bits, and the lowest two bits are enough. As the bits of embedded information, how to specifically embed them belongs to the prior art and will not be repeated here.

下面再利用本发明技术方案验证一个具体的实施例。假设读取的BMP原始图像、选择的区域、需嵌入的附加信息如图6所示。也就是说,该图像中选择了2个区域来嵌入附加信息,区域1处于图像上半部分,设置的LSB级别假设为2,区域2处于图像的左下角,设置的LSB级别假设为1。Next, the technical solution of the present invention is used to verify a specific embodiment. Assume that the read BMP original image, the selected area, and the additional information to be embedded are shown in Figure 6. That is to say, 2 regions are selected in the image to embed additional information. Region 1 is located in the upper half of the image, and the set LSB level is assumed to be 2. Region 2 is located in the lower left corner of the image, and the set LSB level is assumed to be 1.

另外,区域1中需要嵌入的附加信息为:In addition, the additional information that needs to be embedded in area 1 is:

Model:SAMSUNG LA52A650Model: SAMSUNG LA52A650

Display Size:52”Display Size: 52”

Resolution:1920×1080Resolution: 1920×1080

Aspect Ratio:16∶9Aspect Ratio: 16:9

Dimensions:1276*326*866Dimensions: 1276*326*866

Launch Date:April,2008Launch Date: April, 2008

区域2需要嵌入的附加信息为:The additional information that needs to be embedded in area 2 is:

Copyright1995-2009Copyright1995-2009

SAMSUNGSAMSUNG

All rights reservedAll rights reserved

嵌入附加信息之后,图像中携带了附加信息和区域边界标识。此后,可以设置为当鼠标等进入某个区域时,实时显示该区域嵌入的附加信息。如图7所示:当鼠标位于图像上半部分时,立即显示事先在区域1中嵌入的附加信息。After embedding the additional information, the image carries the additional information and region boundary identification. Afterwards, it can be set to display the additional information embedded in this area in real time when the mouse etc. enters a certain area. As shown in Figure 7: when the mouse is positioned on the upper half of the image, the additional information embedded in area 1 is immediately displayed.

针对上述方法,本发明还提出一种在图像中嵌入附加信息的装置。图8显示了该装置的基本结构示意图,如图8所示,该装置可以包括:区域选择模块801、最低有效位级别设置模块802、信息嵌入模块803。其中,For the above method, the present invention also proposes a device for embedding additional information in an image. FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the device. As shown in FIG. 8 , the device may include: a region selection module 801 , an LSB level setting module 802 , and an information embedding module 803 . in,

区域选择模块801,用于根据图像自身时域特征从图像中选择出至少一个区域,并将选择的区域通知给最低有效位级别设置模块802和信息嵌入模块803,所述区域由区域边界和区域内部组成。The area selection module 801 is used to select at least one area from the image according to the time domain characteristics of the image itself, and notify the selected area to the least significant bit level setting module 802 and the information embedding module 803, and the area is composed of the area boundary and the area internal composition.

这里,图像的时域特征是指图像内容、亮度、颜色、或图像中的位置等。如前方法介绍的一样,选择区域的方式很多,可以由用户手工指定区域边界,区域选择模块801根据指定的区域边界最后确定区域。当然,也可以采用区域边界识别算法从图像中识别出区域边界,识别出的区域边界以及所包围的区域内部构成一个选择出的区域。这里所述的区域边界识别算法可以包括差分边界检测、梯度边界检测等现有技术,此处不再详细描述。Here, the temporal features of an image refer to image content, brightness, color, or position in the image, etc. As described in the previous method, there are many ways to select an area, and the user can manually specify the area boundary, and the area selection module 801 finally determines the area according to the specified area boundary. Certainly, a region boundary recognition algorithm may also be used to recognize the region boundary from the image, and the recognized region boundary and the surrounding region constitute a selected region. The area boundary recognition algorithm described here may include existing technologies such as differential boundary detection and gradient boundary detection, which will not be described in detail here.

最低有效位级别设置模块802,根据每一个区域的时域特征分别设置对应的最低有效位LSB级别,并通知给信息嵌入模块803。The least significant bit level setting module 802 sets the corresponding least significant bit LSB level according to the time domain characteristics of each area, and notifies the information embedding module 803 .

这里,具体确定LSB级别的方式很多,比如:先为每一个区域设置默认LSB级别,再针对各区域的时域特征对LSB级别逐个调整,以获得各区域对应的LSB级别。再比如:针对每一个区域,根据时域特征相关算法计算出该区域的特征值,再根据事先设置的特征值与LSB级别的对应关系确定该区域的LSB级别,以获得各区域对应的LSB级别。这里所述的时域特征相关算法可以为图像纹理信息获取算法、图像亮度信息获取算法等,具体算法均可采用现有技术实现。Here, there are many ways to specifically determine the LSB level, for example: firstly set a default LSB level for each area, and then adjust the LSB level one by one according to the time domain characteristics of each area to obtain the LSB level corresponding to each area. Another example: for each area, calculate the feature value of the area according to the time-domain feature correlation algorithm, and then determine the LSB level of the area according to the corresponding relationship between the feature value and the LSB level set in advance, so as to obtain the corresponding LSB level of each area . The time-domain feature correlation algorithm described here may be an image texture information acquisition algorithm, an image brightness information acquisition algorithm, etc., and specific algorithms may be implemented using existing technologies.

信息嵌入模块803,针对每一个区域,根据该区域对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将事先设置的边界标识嵌入到该区域的区域边界,根据该区域对应的LSB级别并采用LSB隐藏方法将附加信息嵌入到该区域的区域内部。The information embedding module 803, for each area, according to the LSB level corresponding to the area and using the LSB hiding method, embeds the pre-set boundary identifier into the area boundary of the area, according to the LSB level corresponding to the area and using the LSB hiding method, the additional Information is embedded inside the region's region.

实际应用中,信息嵌入模块803内部结构示意图可以如图9所示,包括:In practical applications, a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the information embedding module 803 may be shown in Figure 9, including:

第一存储模块901,用于保存边界标识。The first storage module 901 is configured to save the boundary identifier.

第二存储模块902,用于保存附加信息。The second storage module 902 is configured to store additional information.

第三存储模块903,用于保存每一个区域分别对应的LSB级别。The third storage module 903 is configured to store the LSB level corresponding to each area.

第一执行模块904,针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据第三存储模块903保存的该区域对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将第一存储模块901保存的边界标识嵌入所述区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。The first execution module 904, for each region, determines the pixel points of the region border according to the coordinates of the region border, and determines the hidden bits in the region border pixels according to the corresponding LSB level of the region saved by the third storage module 903, and Embedding the boundary identifier saved by the first storage module 901 into the hidden bits in the region boundary pixel.

第二执行模块905,针对每一个区域,根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据第三存储模块903保存的该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将第二存储模块902保存的附加信息嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。The second execution module 905, for each region, determines the pixels inside the region according to the coordinates of the region boundary, and determines the hidden bits in the pixels inside the region according to the corresponding LSB level of the region saved by the third storage module 903, and Embedding the additional information stored in the second storage module 902 into the hidden bits in the pixels inside the region.

也就是说,对于一幅图像来说,区域选择模块801从该图像中选择出至少一个区域,并将选择的区域通知给最低有效位级别设置模块802和信息嵌入模块803。最低有效位级别设置模块802根据每一个区域的时域特征分别设置对应的最低有效位LSB级别,并保存在第三存储模块903中。另外,该装置还将设置的边界标识信息保存在第一存储模块901中,将设置的附加信息保存在第二存储模块902中。这样,嵌入边界标识时,对于每一个区域来说,第一执行模块904根据区域边界的坐标确定区域边界的像素点,根据第三存储模块903保存的该区域对应LSB级别确定区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,将第一存储模块901保存的边界标识嵌入所述区域边界像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。相似地,对于每一个区域来说,第二执行模块905根据区域边界的坐标确定区域内部的像素点,根据第三存储模块903保存的该区域对应LSB级别确定区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位,并将第二存储模块902保存的附加信息嵌入所述区域内部像素点中用于隐藏的比特位。That is to say, for an image, the region selection module 801 selects at least one region from the image, and notifies the selected region to the least significant bit level setting module 802 and the information embedding module 803 . The least significant bit level setting module 802 respectively sets the corresponding least significant bit LSB level according to the time domain characteristics of each area, and saves it in the third storage module 903 . In addition, the apparatus also stores the set boundary identification information in the first storage module 901 , and stores the set additional information in the second storage module 902 . In this way, when embedding the boundary identifier, for each region, the first execution module 904 determines the pixel points of the region boundary according to the coordinates of the region boundary, and determines the pixel points of the region boundary according to the corresponding LSB level of the region saved by the third storage module 903. Bits used for hiding, embedding the boundary identifier saved by the first storage module 901 into the bits used for hiding in the boundary pixels of the region. Similarly, for each region, the second execution module 905 determines the pixel points inside the region according to the coordinates of the region boundary, and determines the pixel points used for hiding in the region internal pixels according to the LSB level corresponding to the region saved by the third storage module 903 bits, and embed the additional information stored in the second storage module 902 into the hidden bits in the pixels inside the region.

应用本发明方案,由于可以根据图像中各个区域自身的时域特征设置不同的LSB级别,将边界标识和附加信息按照不同的LSB级别分别隐藏在各个区域的区域边界和区域内部中,不但实现了附加信息的隐藏,还在保证图像不被感知的情况下,更加灵活地嵌入附加信息。By applying the solution of the present invention, since different LSB levels can be set according to the time-domain characteristics of each region in the image, the boundary identifier and additional information are hidden in the region boundaries and the region interior of each region according to different LSB levels, which not only realizes The hiding of additional information also embeds additional information more flexibly while ensuring that the image is not perceived.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (8)

1. A method of embedding additional information in an image, the method comprising:
selecting at least one region from the image according to the time domain characteristics of the image, wherein the region consists of a region boundary and a region interior;
respectively setting the LSB level of the corresponding least significant bit according to the time domain characteristics of each region;
and embedding a preset boundary identifier into the boundary of each region according to the corresponding LSB level by adopting an LSB hiding method, and embedding additional information into the region according to the corresponding LSB level by adopting the LSB hiding method.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temporal feature comprises image content, brightness, color, or location in an image.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method of selecting a region comprises:
the user designates the area boundary, and the designated area boundary and the enclosed area form a selected area; or,
and identifying the region boundary from the image by using a region boundary identification algorithm, wherein the identified region boundary and the enclosed region form a selected region.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for respectively setting the corresponding LSB level according to the time domain characteristics of each region comprises:
firstly, setting a default LSB level for each region, and then adjusting the LSB levels one by one according to the time domain characteristics of each region to obtain the LSB levels corresponding to each region; or,
and aiming at each region, calculating the characteristic value of the region according to a time domain characteristic correlation algorithm, and determining the LSB level of the region according to the preset corresponding relation between the characteristic value and the LSB level so as to obtain the LSB level corresponding to each region.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for embedding the boundary identifier set in advance into the boundary of the region comprises the following steps of: for each region, determining pixel points of the region boundary according to the coordinates of the region boundary, determining a bit for hiding in the region boundary pixel points according to the LSB level corresponding to the region, and embedding a boundary identifier into the bit for hiding in the region boundary pixel points;
for each region, the method of embedding additional information inside the region includes: and aiming at each region, determining pixel points inside the region according to the coordinates of the region boundary, determining the bit for hiding in the pixel points inside the region according to the LSB level corresponding to the region, and embedding additional information into the bit for hiding in the pixel points inside the region.
6. An apparatus for embedding additional information in an image, the apparatus comprising:
the image processing device comprises a region selection module, a least significant bit LSB level setting module and an information embedding module, wherein the region selection module selects at least one region from an image according to the time domain characteristics of the image and informs the selected region to the LSB level setting module and the information embedding module, and the region consists of a region boundary and a region interior;
the LSB level setting module of the least significant bit respectively sets the corresponding LSB level of the least significant bit according to the time domain characteristics of each region and informs the information embedding module;
and the information embedding module is used for embedding a preset boundary identifier into the region boundary of each region by adopting an LSB hiding method according to the LSB level corresponding to the region and embedding additional information into the region of the region by adopting the LSB hiding method according to the LSB level corresponding to the region.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the temporal feature comprises a brightness, a color, or a location in an image.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the information embedding module comprises:
the first storage module is used for storing the boundary identifier;
the second storage module is used for storing additional information;
the third storage module is used for storing the LSB level corresponding to each area;
the first execution module is used for determining pixel points of the region boundary according to the coordinates of the region boundary, determining bit positions for hiding in the region boundary pixel points according to LSB levels corresponding to the region and stored in the third storage module, and embedding the boundary identification stored in the first storage module into the bit positions for hiding in the region boundary pixel points;
and the second execution module is used for determining pixel points in the region according to the coordinates of the region boundary, determining bit positions for hiding in the pixel points in the region according to the LSB level corresponding to the region stored by the third storage module, and embedding the additional information stored by the second storage module into the bit positions for hiding in the pixel points in the region.
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