CN102278867A - 用于三塔氧气装置的稀有气体回收方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种从多塔氧气装置中回收稀有气体的方法,其中多塔氧气装置包含高压塔、低压塔、中压中间塔和低压中间塔,所述中压中间塔包含第一塔底重沸器,所述低压中间塔包含第二塔底重沸器。所述方法包括由高压塔提供含有稀有气体的第一富氧液流,其中将所述第一富氧液流引入第一塔底重沸器中。所述方法还包括从中压中间塔底部移出富含稀有气体的第二富氧液流,其中将所述第二富氧液流引入低压中间塔中。所述方法还包括从低压中间塔移出富集稀有气体的第一液体清洗料流,其中将所述第一液体清洗料流在下游进一步浓缩。所述方法包括在第一塔底重沸器上方至少一个塔板的位置移出贫含稀有气体的第三富氧液流,其中将所述第三富氧液流引入低压塔中。
Description
背景技术
近年来,对于稀有气体,特别是氪气和氙气的需求变得非常重要。电子、医学、绝缘玻璃等的新应用和发展极大促进该高需求。
氪气和氙气作为低温空气分离设备的副产物产生。基本回收方案是本领域熟知的。由于Kr和Xe比氧气重并且会累积在液态氧中,所以回收技术通常要求将双塔循环的低压塔的液态氧清洗料流精制。含在清洗料流中的稀有气体在第一浓缩塔中与液态氧中的其它重质组分如烃、CO2、氮氧化物等一起进一步浓缩。就安全考虑,该第一浓缩操作的极限对应于烃在氧气中的可燃性极限的约10%。然后将第一浓缩料流在现场提纯装置中处理或输送至中心提纯中心,在那里将它蒸发、加热并在催化反应器中在约500℃的高温下处理以除去烃。该氧化反应形成CO2和湿气。然后将混合物干燥,在吸附器中将它的CO2内容物除去。然后将干燥且不含CO2的混合物冷却并蒸馏以得到产物,其通常为Kr和Xe的混合物。然后将产物进一步精制以除去氧气、氩气和一些其它杂质如CFC化合物、温室气体、剩余的痕量烃等并得到纯氪气和纯氙气作为最终产物。
Kr和Xe以非常小的浓度存在于大气中(以体积计为1.14ppm Kr和0.086ppm Xe)。因此,目前仅可在大氧气装置中,优选1000T/D以上,甚至更大的装置中经济地生产Kr-Xe。
如果该方法的提纯部分可以是精制来自氧气装置、氮气装置、低纯度或高纯度氧气装置等的不同类型第一浓缩料流的标准化方法,则同一论述不适用于涉及从空气分离塔中提取含有氪气和氙气的料流的方法。事实上,由于上述种类繁多的空气分离装置/方法,所以不可能具有适用于所有类型空气分离装置的一种提取方法。例如,由低压塔生产气态氧产物的装置要求与生产液态氧产物的装置不同类型的稀有气体提取以从低压塔中泵送。
重工业关于气化、IGCC、GTL、氧燃料的需氧量显著提高了一系列氧气装置的尺寸。由于蒸馏塔尺寸受运输规则限制,低温方法中的技术倾向是移向高空气压力装置,其中进料空气和塔的压力处于比传统氧气装置更高的压力。设计三塔方法以解决这类应用并且需要提供从这类方法中提取稀有气体的技术。
该三塔方法详细描述于若干专利如美国专利5231837和美国专利5341646中。
若干专利中广泛涵盖了从氧气装置中回收氪气和氙气的技术:
US 6776004:该现有技术教导了回收生产氧气的混合塔装置的稀有气体的技术。将低压塔的清洗液体在通过混合塔塔顶气体重沸的富集塔中处理以回收稀有气体。
PCT WO 2004/023054:将高压塔的空气进料分成富含氮气的料流和2个富含氧气的液流:富含稀有气体的液体和贫含稀有气体的液体。将富含稀有气体的料流在位于粗氩气塔上方的塔中处理以在塔底得到氪气氙气浓缩物。
US 6662593:进料空气中的稀有气体被限制在高压塔的富含稀有气体的液流中,然后在侧塔中汽提其氧气内容物以得到稀有气体浓缩料流。通过在低压塔中在最后蒸馏之前提取稀有气体,氧气产物可以非常贫含稀有气体,然后可作为最终产物被泵送和蒸发至高压而不会导致稀有气体损失。
US 6612129:将来自高压塔的含氪气和氙气的液体在双塔装置的侧臂氩气塔的塔顶冷凝器中部分蒸发。然后将冷凝器的清洗液体和蒸发料流在富集塔中处理以在塔底得到氪气氙气浓缩物。
US 6220054:使用塔处理粗氩气塔的塔底液体以得到最终氧气产物,由于粗氩气塔的进料贫含氪气和氙气,所以最终氧气产物也贫含氪气和氙气。在低压塔的底部提取富集氪气和氙气的料流。
由此可见,大多数现有技术解决对于配置有用于高纯度氧气的氩气生产和在一些情况下混合塔的氧气装置的稀有气体回收。那些方法在约1.5-2巴的较低压力下在低压塔中操作,所述低压塔会产生约6-7.5巴的空气压力。比这些值高的压力会损害蒸馏性能,尤其是对于氩气回收。相反,高压装置产生低纯度氧气并在约10-16巴的空气压力下操作,其中低压塔在约4-6巴下操作。为保持良好的氧气回收率,使用中间塔以从中间塔顶部产生更多液氮回流。
发明内容
本发明是一种从多塔氧气装置中回收稀有气体的方法,其中多塔氧气装置包含高压塔、低压塔、中压中间塔和低压中间塔,所述中压中间塔包含第一塔底重沸器,所述低压中间塔包含第二塔底重沸器。该方法包括由高压塔提供含有稀有气体的第一富氧液流,其中将所述第一富氧液流引入第一塔底重沸器中。该方法还包括从中压中间塔底部移出富含稀有气体的第二富氧液流,其中将所述第二富氧液流引入低压中间塔中。该方法还包括从低压中间塔中移出浓缩了稀有气体的第一液体清洗料流,其中将所述第一液体清洗料流在下游进一步浓缩。且该方法包括在第一塔底重沸器上方的至少一个塔板的位置移出贫含稀有气体的第三富氧液流,其中将所述第三富氧液流引入低压塔中。
附图简述
为进一步理解本发明的性质和目的,应参考以下详细描述以及附图,其中同样的要素给出相同或类似的参考数字,且其中:
-图1为本发明一个实施方案的图示;
-图2为本发明另一实施方案的图示;
-图3为本发明又一实施方案的图示;
具体实施方式
下面描述本发明的说明性实施方案。然而本发明可以有各种改进和替代形式,其具体实施方案例如显示于附图中并在此详细描述。然而,应当理解此处具体实施方案的描述不意欲将本发明限制为所公开的具体形式,而是相反,本发明覆盖属于所附权利要求限定的本发明精神和范围内的所有改变方案、等效方案和替代方案。
当然,应当理解在任何这种实际实施方案的开发中,必须做出大量执行具体决策以实现开发者的具体目标,例如适应系统相关和商业相关的约束条件,所述约束条件会由一个执行至另一个变化。此外,应当理解这种开发计划可能是复杂且耗时的,但是是受益于本公开内容的本领域技术人员负责的例行工作。
如图1所述,将约10-16巴的高压空气7供入高压塔100中以在顶部形成富氮气体并在底部形成富氧液体10。将液态空气料流8供入塔100的中间塔板位置。从液态空气料流8的进料塔板上方的塔板的液体中提取具有接近液态空气的组成的液流20。冷凝富氮气体得到至低压塔200的第一回流40。然后将富氧液体10供入中间塔300的塔底重沸器中,其中将它蒸馏而在顶部形成第二富氮气体并在底部形成第二富氧液体31。冷凝第二富氮气体得到至低压塔200的第二回流44。将料流20供入塔200或塔200和300二者中。可以看出在料流10中收集了含在高压塔的空气进料7和8中的大部分Kr和Xe。塔300在低于塔100的压力但高于塔200的压力的压力下操作。为平衡该系统,在塔300的塔底重沸器上方的塔板位置提取第三富氧液体32。通过采用适当的塔板位置和料流32的流量,可得到非常贫含Kr和Xe的料流32,因此,几乎所有进料料流10的Kr和Xe可被俘获在料流31中。然后将料流31供入塔400的塔底重沸器72中,其通过冷凝来自中间塔顶部的氮气而重沸。塔400含有约5-15个理论塔板,并在大约与塔200相同的压力下操作。料流32的部分33用作塔400的回流。然后在塔400的底部提取富含Kr和Xe的液体清洗料流50用于进一步浓缩操作。
在一些装置中,使用将空气进料膨胀至低压塔200的低压空气膨胀器12。该膨胀料流15还含有稀有气体,所述稀有气体如果被送入低压塔200中可能会损失。在这种情况下,可将膨胀空气15送至塔400的底部以洗出所含稀有气体并保持高Kr和Xe回收率。
在没有稀有气体生产的方法中,中间塔300的塔底料流通常分成两部分:第一部分在中间塔的塔顶冷凝器中蒸发,第二部分作为液体进料供入低压塔200中。如果同样的方法应用于稀有气体生产,则供入低压塔200的第二部分塔底液体所含的Kr-Xe会损失在液态氧产物30中。为补救该情况,在位于塔底重沸器上方的塔板提取不含Kr-Xe的液流32以代替该第二部分塔底液体。通过这样做,方法效率基本不变,并可将含有稀有气体的塔底料流31在将它送至低压塔200中生产氧气以前在塔或蒸发器中分离并处理,以回收稀有气体。料流32的部分33用于使KrXe塔400回流以进一步改进稀有气体的回收率。
参考图1所述方法,对于1000T/D含1.14ppm Kr和0.086ppm Xe的全部进料空气:
| 料流 | 10 | 32 | 31 | 36 | 33 | KrXe |
| 流量 | 454 | 150 | 225 | 254 | 34 | 5 |
| ppm Kr | 2.49 | 0.26 | 4.9 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 219 |
| ppm Xe | 0.19 | 0.00012 | 0.38 | 0 | 0.00012 | 17.2 |
ppm:以体积计的百万分率
在该方法模拟中,在塔底重沸器上方2个塔板处提取料流32。在另一实施方案中,可在塔底重沸器上方至少一个塔板处提取料流32。料流31的组成范围:
·约5.5-3ppm Kr
·约0.5-0.3ppm Xe
料流32具有非常低的Kr和Xe含量,优选最大值为约1.5ppm Kr和0.01ppm Xe。将富液10供入中间塔的底部。
在图2所述另一实施方案中,将来自冷凝器72的蒸发料流36在短塔401中处理以回收料流36中所带有的Kr和Xe。塔401在大约与低压塔200相同的压力下操作。塔401通过料流32的部分33回流。塔401的重沸可通过用任何合适料流如空气、氮气、富氧液体、液态空气等加热塔底重沸器75提供。可任选将塔顶冷凝器的液体清洗料流50送至塔401的底部,并回收合并收集的Kr和Xe为塔底料流53。如果存在的话还可将膨胀空气料流(未显示)供至塔401的底部以回收它的稀有气体内容物。
还可在冷凝器72中恰好蒸发塔底液体31而不使用塔400或401,如图3所示。由于蒸发料流36中带有Kr和更小比例的氙气,所以氪气回收率会明显降低。该方法稍微更简单,可用于不需要氪气回收率非常高的情况。
对于如图1和2所示的这类方法,预期高于96%的回收氪气和高于99%的回收氙气在塔底清洗液中。
Claims (9)
1.一种从多塔氧气装置中回收稀有气体的方法,其中所述多塔氧气装置包含高压塔、低压塔、中压中间塔和低压中间塔,所述中压中间塔包含第一塔底重沸器,所述低压中间塔包含第二塔底重沸器,所述方法包括:
○由高压塔提供含有稀有气体的第一富氧液流,其中将所述第一富氧液流引入第一塔底重沸器中;
○从中压中间塔底部移出富含稀有气体的第二富氧液流,其中将所述第二富氧液流引入低压中间塔中;
○从低压中间塔中移出富集稀有气体的第一液体清洗料流;和
○在第一塔底重沸器上方至少一个塔板的位置移出贫含稀有气体的第三富氧液流,其中将所述第三富氧液流引入低压塔中。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述中压中间塔具有高于低压塔且低于高压塔的压力。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述低压中间塔具有大约与低压塔相同的压力。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其还包含低压空气膨胀器,所述方法还包括:
○在低压空气膨胀器中使空气进料膨胀,和
○将所述膨胀空气进料引入低压中间塔底部。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一液体清洗料流包含至少80%的回收氪气。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一液体清洗料流包含至少80%的回收氙气。
7.一种从多塔氧气装置中回收稀有气体的方法,其中多塔氧气装置包含高压塔、低压塔和中间塔,所述中间塔包含塔底重沸器和塔顶冷凝器,所述方法包括:
○由高压塔提供含有稀有气体的第一富氧液流,其中将所述第一富氧液流引入塔底重沸器中;
○从中间塔底部移出富含稀有气体的第二富氧液流,其中将所述第二富氧液流在塔顶冷凝器中蒸发;从而产生蒸发的富氧料流和富集稀有气体的液体清洗料流;
○从塔顶冷凝器中移出富集稀有气体的液体清洗料流;和
○在塔底重沸器上方的至少一个塔板的位置移出贫含稀有气体的第三富氧液流,其中将所述第三富氧液流引入低压塔中。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其还包含短塔,所述方法还包括:
○将蒸发的富氧料流从塔顶冷凝器引入短塔中,其中从短塔底部移出富含稀有气体的第二液体清洗料流。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述短塔具有大约与低压塔的压力相同的压力。
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| US12/796,816 | 2010-06-09 | ||
| US12/796,816 US8978413B2 (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2010-06-09 | Rare gases recovery process for triple column oxygen plant |
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| CN102278867B CN102278867B (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
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| CN104913596A (zh) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-16 | 西亚特工业气体科技(杭州)有限公司 | 一种制备压力氧气的空气分离装置及方法 |
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| CN111692838B (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2024-11-22 | 河南心连心深冷能源股份有限公司 | 一种稀有气体氪氙精制及超纯氧的生产装置以及生产工艺 |
| KR102281146B1 (ko) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-07-27 | 티이엠씨 주식회사 | 크립톤 및 제논 생산용 회분식 심냉 증류장치 |
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| US20110302956A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
| US8978413B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
| CN102278867B (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
| EP2395305A3 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
| EP2395305A2 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
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