CN102274219A - 雷帕霉素在治疗蛛网膜下腔出血早期脑损伤的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制备技术领域,具体涉及一种雷帕霉素在治疗蛛网膜下腔出血早期脑损伤的应用。
背景技术
蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)是指颅内血管破裂后血液流入蛛网膜下腔。蛛网膜下腔出血一般分为颅脑损伤性和非损伤性(自发性)两大类,自发性蛛网膜下腔出血又分为两种:1.由于脑底部或脑表面的病变血管破裂血液流入蛛网膜下腔称作原发性蛛网膜下腔出血;2.因脑实质内出血,血液穿破脑组织进入蛛网膜下腔者,称继发性蛛网膜下腔出血。自发性SAH为一种致命性的疾病,死亡率高达32%-67%,其中动脉瘤性SAH占85%以上,过去的几十年间,再破裂出血和脑血管痉挛一直被认为是影响SAH患者预后的重要因素,对此作了大量的研究。尽管外科手术技术、放射学和麻醉学取得了显著进步,但是SAH的高发病率和高死亡率并未明显改善。最近的研究表明导致SAH不良预后,除再破裂出血和脑血管痉挛外,早期脑损伤(early brain injury,EBI)也可能起着非常重要的作用,一些学者认为EBI是导致SAH病人死亡的主要原因,对于自发性SAH后存活的病人治疗EBI是其主要的目标。但目前对SAH后EBI确切的分子机制尚不清楚,也缺乏对EBI有效的治疗。EBI是指继之SAH后最初的48h内对大脑所致的损伤。EBI可能的机制包括:颅内压(intracranial pressure,ICP)的增高、脑血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)的减少、脑灌注压(cerebral perfusion pressure,CPP)的降低、脑组织氧含量的降低、血脑屏障的破坏、脑水肿和神经细胞的死亡等。目前临床上尚无有效的手段来控制和治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤病变。
雷帕霉素(Rapamycin,RAP,RAPA),又名Sirolimus,属大环内酯类抗生素,其结构式如式(I)所示,结构与FK506相似。分子式为C51H79NO13,分子量991KD,为白色固体结晶,熔点为183-185℃,亲脂性,溶解于甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、氯仿等有机溶剂,极微溶于水,几乎不溶于乙醚。
雷帕霉素最初被研究作为低毒性的抗真菌药物,1977年发现雷帕霉素具有免疫抑制作用,1989年开始把RAPA作为治疗器官移植的排斥反应的新药进行试用。从目前动物实验及临床应用的效果看,雷帕霉素是一种疗效好、低毒、无肾毒性的免疫抑制剂。
雷帕霉素通过不同的细胞因子受体阻断信号传导,阻断T淋巴细胞及其他细胞由G1期至S期的进程,雷帕霉素可阻断T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的钙依赖性和非钙依赖性的信号传导通路。雷帕霉素和FK506一样,结合在相同的免疫亲和蛋白(immunophilin)FKBP12上,形成RAPA-FKBP12复合物,这种复合物不能与钙调素结合,并且雷帕霉素亦不抑制T细胞的早期激活或直接减少细胞因子的合成。
虽然近年的研究发现很多种疾病都伴随着自噬的发生,例如脑缺氧,脑外伤,颅内出血,脑缺血缺氧等疾病。然而现阶段还没有人研究对细胞自噬的干预能控制蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤病变。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种雷帕霉素用于治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤的用途,揭示了一种雷帕霉素的一种新用途,为蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤提供了药物干预的新手段。
为了解决现有技术中的这些问题,本发明提供的技术方案是:
一种式(I)的雷帕霉素
在制备用于治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤的药物组合物中的应用。
优选的,所述药物组合物包含药学上有效量的雷帕霉素和药学上可接受的载体。
为制备含有雷帕霉素的药物组合物,除了至少一种本发明的活性物质外,还使用一些载体材料如填料、溶剂、稀释剂、着色剂或粘结剂。这些助剂的选择及其用量取决于该药物的给药途径,如口服、静脉注射、腹腔注射、皮内、肌肉、鼻内或局部使用。片剂、包衣片、胶囊、颗粒剂、滴剂、液体剂型以及糖浆剂等形式的制剂适于口服,而溶液、悬浮剂、喷雾剂等适用于非肠道、局部和吸入给药。给患者或实验动物给药剂量根据患者或动物的体重、施用方式、指征和病症情况给药。
雷帕霉素在动物实验和临床应用中的给药方式较多,有腹腔内注射、静脉注射及口服等。口服用药后约1.5~2小时可达峰值,口服后的平均生物利用度在肾移植受者为15%,半衰期为62小时。药物吸收入血后,95%分布于红细胞内,血浆中含量只占3%,游离状态存在的药物极少。本发明中雷帕霉素优选采用注射给药。
本发明通过在大鼠SAH模型中应用rapamycin(RAP)药物经观察SAH后早期大鼠神经功能评分、脑水肿和血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)通透性的变化,以及应用抑制剂3-Methyladenine(3-MA)减弱自噬后上述指标的变化,从而得到rapamycin(RAP)药物对SAH后EBI的可能作用机制。
具体动物实验采用雄性S-D大鼠60只,随机分为对照组,SAH组,SAH+vehicle组,SAH+RAP组和SAH+3-MA组五组,每组12只,于24h时间点处死动物后取颞底脑皮层,利用western blot法测定自噬标志物LC3和Beclin-1的表达变化,分别观察各组大鼠神经功能评分的变化,并测定各组大鼠脑水肿和BBB通透性的变化。该实验结果表明SAH后脑皮层中LC3和Beclin-1表达较对照组明显增加(P<0.01),同时伴有明显的脑水肿(P<0.01)及BBB通透性的破坏(P<0.01);与SAH+vehicle组相比SAH+RAP组LC3和Beclin-1的表达明显增加(P<0.05),脑水肿指数下降(P<0.01),BBB通透性好转(P<0.01,Evans blue法和IgG法),同时大鼠的神经功能评分明显好转(P<0.01);而SAH+3-MA组LC3和Beclin-1的表达明显下降(与SAH+vehicle组相比,P<0.01),BBB通透性进一步增加(与SAH+vehicle组相比,P<0.05,IgG法)及大鼠神经功能评分变的更差(与SAH+vehicle组相比,P<0.05)。由于应用RAP后,LC3和Beclin-1的表达明显增加,说明RAP干预自噬,自噬被明显增强,同时大鼠神经功能评分明显好转,脑水肿指数明显下降,血脑屏障通透性明显好转,说明增强自噬后减轻SAH后EBI;与之相对的,应用3-MA的应用可使SAH后EBI的各项指标加重。
本发明人经长期研究证实SAH后有自噬的激活,且在SAH后24小时活性最强。本发明人令人惊奇的发现能够抑制EBI进展的药物——雷帕霉素,该药物可以阻止或减轻脑损害。
本发明人研究发现在SAH后24h时脑水肿和BBB破坏都有明显的加重。EBI的分子机制主要包括缺血途径、凋亡途径、炎症途径等,其中缺血途径的可能机制包括:①蛛网膜下腔的血液是导致CBF降低的主要因素,这些血液成分可以通过聚集血小板阻塞动脉或者释放作用于血管的化合物导致急性的CBF降低;②脑动脉释放的内皮素1也可以降低Na+/K+-ATP酶的活性,它与血红蛋白一起诱导了皮层扩散缺血;③5-羟色胺1B受体的激活诱导产生了羟基廿碳四烯酸,造成强烈的血管收缩和CBF的下降;④积血中的血红蛋白吸收NO,造成NO浓度的下降,使其无法发挥血管舒张作用;⑤早期损伤激活了酪氨酸激酶,抑制K+通道,造成血管收缩。凋亡途径是EBI分子机制中最关键的部分。在SAH中,存在不同的凋亡途径,例如死亡受体途径,半胱天冬酶依赖或非依赖途径,以及线粒体途径等,其中P53的地位尤其重要。细胞因子、趋化因子、黏附分子等炎性介质,都证明和SAH有关。炎症和免疫反应的程度与预后呈负相关。核因子κB是炎症因子的主要调节器,在SAH中起着重要的作用。IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TLRs这些炎症因子都能够激活核因子κB。
自噬作为一种不同于细胞凋亡的细胞死亡机制。其激活可限制多种药物及应激诱导的凋亡。这与自噬可直接特异性降解那些可诱导凋亡的异常蛋白或细胞器有关,此外,这也与自噬可限制线粒体中细胞色素c的释放有关。本发明惊奇的发现雷帕霉素RAP干预自噬通路从而激活自噬机制。从动物实验证实,雷帕霉素RAP的应用可明显减轻脑水肿,改善BBB的通透性。提示自噬的激活可能通过改善BBB的通透性、减轻脑水肿而缓解EBI。自噬被激活可能是SAH后EBI的一种病理生理过程。自噬可能起到保护作用而缓解EBI,从而为治疗SAH后EBI提供了一种新的途径。
相对于现有技术中的方案,本发明的优点是:
本发明提供了雷帕霉素用于治疗蛛网膜下腔出血早期脑损伤的应用,经实验证实RAP可增强自噬,减轻脑水肿、降低血脑屏障的通透性和缓解临床症状,从而减轻SAH后EBI,进而对脑组织起保护作用,为SAH后EBI的治疗提供了一种新的治疗途径。
附图说明
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
图1为RAP和3-MA对LC3和Beclin-1表达的影响;
图2为RAP和3-MA对大鼠脑水肿的影响;
图3为RAP和3-MA对Evans blue渗出的影响;
图4为IgG在不同组的免疫组化染色。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对上述方案做进一步说明。应理解,这些实施例是用于说明本发明而不限于限制本发明的范围。实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据具体厂家的条件做进一步调整,未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的条件。
实施例
1.材料:
1.1试剂及实验设备
1.1.1主要药品及试剂
雷帕霉素(RAP)(购自美国Sigma-aldrich公司),3-MA(购自美国Sigma-aldrich公司),Evans blue(购自上海宝曼生物科技有限公司),50%三氯乙酸(TCA),无水乙醇等。
1.1.2 主要仪器
电子称(FA2004B上海 越平科技仪器有限公司),烤箱(DHG9070B上海琅玕实验设备有限公司),匀浆机(985-370 BIOSPEC PRODUCTS,INC),离心机(GL-16A上海 菲恰尔分析仪器有限公司),分光光度仪(UV-757上海 美谱达仪器有限公司),立体定向仪(ALCB10上海 奥尔科特生物科技有限公司),5-μL微量进样器(上海高鸽工贸有限公司)等
1.2 实验动物
成年健康雄性Sprague-Dawley(S-D)大鼠,由苏州大学医学院实验动物研究中心提供(苏 SYXK2002~2010,清洁级:2级),体重280~325g。术前单笼饲养,保持室温18~22℃,自由饮食饮水,安静、避光环境中饲养3天,以避免非特异性因素的干扰。
2.实验方法:
2.1 实验动物分组。
成年健康Sprague-Dawley(S-D)大鼠60只。随机分成以下5组:
(1)对照组:12只,操作与SAH组相同,仅将注射自体动脉血改为等量的37℃的生理盐水;
(2)SAH组:12只;
(3)SAH+vehicle组:12只,造成SAH前20分钟大鼠右侧侧脑室内注射3μL DMSO;
(4)SAH+RAP组:12只,造成SAH前20分钟大鼠右侧侧脑室内注射3μL RAP(10μM);
(5)SAH+3-MA组:12只,造成SAH前20分钟大鼠右侧侧脑室内注射3μL 3-MA(300nmol)。
2.2大鼠SAH模型的制备
采用Wang Z,Chen G,Zhu WW,Bian JY,Shen XO,Zhou D.Influenceof simvastatin on microthrombosis in the brain after subarachnoidhemorrhage in rats:a preliminary study.Ann Clin Lab Sci 2010,40:32-42的方法。将S-D大鼠用10%水合氯醛(4ml/kg)腹腔注射麻醉成功后,俯卧固定于操作台上,头顶部备皮,安尔碘常规消毒。在顶部正中纵行切开头皮,暴露出冠状缝,用牙科钻于冠状缝前7.5mm处钻孔后碘伏棉球覆盖伤口。翻转大鼠,使其仰卧位,解剖大鼠腹侧部尾动脉,不抗凝下抽取动脉血0.4ml,24G的套管针与垂直方向呈40度角从钻孔处刺入,进针约10~12mm即到视交叉池,拔出针心,注入取自大鼠腹侧尾动脉的自体不凝0.3ml,退出套管针,缝合切口。大鼠保温复苏至清醒后自由饮食饮水。
2.3 大鼠侧脑室给药方法
参照Smith RA,Balis FM,Ott KH,Elsberry DD,Sherman MR,SaiferMG.Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of ventricularly administeredsuperoxide dismutase in monkeys and preliminary clinical observations infamilial ALS.J Neurol Sci 1995,129:13-8方法,水合氯醛麻醉大鼠后,在冠状缝后1.5mm与中线右侧1mm交接处钻孔,立体定向仪固定5-μL微量进样器后在顶骨平面向下3.2mm即到右侧侧脑室,在造成蛛网膜下腔出血前20分钟向侧脑室注射3μL的DMSO、RAP和3-MA,随后退出进样器用骨蜡封闭骨孔。
2.4 大鼠神经功能评分
参照Yamaguchi M,Zhou C,Nanda A,Zhang JH.Ras proteincontributes to cerebral vasospasm in a canine double-hemorrhage model.Stroke 2004,35:1750-5的方法,蛛网膜下腔出血后23h分别评定大鼠的进食量、活动力和功能缺损三项行为活动(表1)。
表1 蛛网膜下腔出血后23h大鼠行为活动评分
2.5 大鼠脑水肿测定
参照Durmaz R,Ertilav K,Akyüz F,Kanbak G,Bildirici K,Tel E.Lazaroid U-74389G attenuates edema in rat brain subjected topost-ischemic reperfusion injury.J Neurol Sci 2003,215:87-93方法,各组大鼠于蛛网膜下腔出血后24h水合氯醛麻醉,开颅取全脑,切取颞底脑皮质迅速放入预先称好重量的玻片上称重,此重量减去玻片重量即为湿重,随后放入烤箱中在100℃条件下烘72h后再次称重,此重量减去玻片重量即为干重,脑水肿指数即可用下述公式求得。脑水肿指数=[(湿重-干重)/湿重]×100%。
2.6 Evans blue法检测BBB通透性
参照Kastrup A,Engelhorn T,Beaulieu C,de Crespigny A,MoseleyME.Dynamics of cerebral injury,perfusion,and blood-brain barrierchanges after temporary and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusionin the rat.J Neurol Sci 1999,166:91-9方法定量测定注血后脑皮质Evansblue含量,Evans blue含量可以精确地反映BBB通透性。各组大鼠于蛛网膜下腔出血后23h经股静脉注射2%Evans blue生理盐水溶液(5ml/kg)(附图2-4),1h后行心脏灌注。开颅取全脑快速切取颞底脑皮质,样品称重并置入盛有50%TCA溶液1.5ml的匀浆器中。匀浆和离心(12000r/min,20min),取上清液1.0ml,加入1.5ml混合液(50%TCA和无水乙醇按1∶3的比例配制而成),充分混匀。应用紫外分光光度仪在610nm处测定光度值。校零标准品为50%TCA按1∶3的比例加入无水乙醇。使用校零标准品配制不同浓度(100-5000ng/ml)的Evans blue溶液,测定光度值,以绘制Evansblue与光度值之间的标准曲线。依据所测得的光度值求得脑组织中Evansblue含量,可以计算BBB对Evans blue的通透率,以每克湿重脑组织内所含Evans blue量(μg)表示。
2.7免疫组化法检测BBB通透性
取4μm的石蜡切片,经二甲苯、乙醇脱蜡水化;3%H2O2封闭内源性过氧化物酶,常温,5min,双蒸水漂洗5min后,磷酸盐缓冲液漂洗15min;抗原修复:切片置于10mmol/L柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH6.0)中,微波炉加热(温度95℃)30min,自然冷却至室温,磷酸盐缓冲液漂洗20min;封闭非特异性结合位点:滴加5%小牛血清,常温湿盒内孵育40min;滴加抗-Beclin-1和抗-LC3亲和纯化兔抗体(一抗),工作效价1∶200,37℃湿盒内孵育1h,磷酸盐缓冲液漂洗15min;滴加HRP标记IgG抗体(二抗),工作效价1∶500,室温湿盒内孵育60min;二氨基联苯胺(DAB)显色;衬染:切片经乙醇、二甲苯脱水、透明,滴加中性树脂封片,加盖玻片。显微镜下观察并摄像,每张切片随机选取10个高倍镜(×100)视野进行观察。细胞浆内出现棕黄色颗粒为阳性细胞。判断标准:随机观察10个高倍视野,每个视野计数100个细胞,根据其中阳性细胞的比率进行评估:阳性细胞数占总细胞数<10%为1分,阳性细胞数占总细胞数10%~25%为2分,阳性细胞数占总细胞数26%~50%为3分,阳性细胞数占总细胞数>50%为4分。
一抗:IgG抗体(美国Santa Cruse公司)
二抗:碱性磷酸酶标记IgG抗体(美国Santa Cruse公司)
显微镜下观察并摄像,每张切片随机选取10个高倍镜(×100)视野进行观察。细胞浆内出现棕黄色颗粒为阳性细胞。
2.8标本采集和组织切片制备
Evans blue法检测BBB通透性本组动物在24h时开胸,先剪开右心耳,并结扎降主动脉,然后开放生理盐水400~500ml以100cmH2O的压力进行快速灌注,排出全身血液直至右心耳流出清亮液体,灌注完毕后迅速开颅取全脑快速切取颞底脑皮质待测。
3.统计学分析
所有数据以平均值±标准差表示,采用SPSS 12.0统计软件,行单因素方差分析及Fisher LSD检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
4、实验结果
(1)动物存活情况
对照组无死亡,SAH组动物3只麻醉致死,11只动物在注血后,呼吸、心跳停止而死亡。死亡动物被剔除实验随后随机增补直至每组6只实验动物。
(2)大体观察
SAH+RAP组大鼠24h时可见额底和颞底、基底池、脑干腹侧血液明显减少;SAH+3-MA组大鼠24h额底和颞底、脑干腹侧、基底池积血明显。
(3)RAP和3-MA对LC3和Beclin-1表达的影响
western blot检测结果显示应用RAP后LC3和Beclin-1的表达明显增强,应用自噬抑制剂3-MA后LC3和Beclin-1的表达明显下降(如表2、图1所示)。
表2 RAP和3-MA对脑皮层中LC3和Beclin-1表达的影响(/GAPDH)
注:与对照组相比**P<0.01;与SAH+vehicle组相比nsP>0.05;与SAH+vehicle组比#P<0.05、##P<0.01
图1为RAP和3-MA对LC3和Beclin-1表达的影响。LC3和Beclin-1在正常对照组是低表达的,24h时LC3和Beclin-1在SAH组和SAH+vehicle组表达明显增强(**P<0.01),SAH组和SAH+vehicle组间表达无差异(nsP>0.05),LC3和Beclin-1在SAH+RAP组明显增加(与SAH+vehicle组比#P<0.05),SAH+3-MA组LC3和Beclin-1表达明显减少(与SAH+vehicle组比##P<0.01)。
(4).RAP和3-MA对大鼠神经功能评分的影响
SAH组大鼠与对照组相比神经功能明显变差,SAH+vehicle组与SAH组组间无明显差异,应用RAP后大鼠神经功能明显好转,相反的3-MA可使大鼠的神经功能变的更差(表3)。
表3 各组大鼠的神经功能评分
注:与照组比**P<0.01;与SAH组比nsP>0.05;与SAH+vehicle组相比##P<0.01和#P<0.05
(5)RAP和3-MA对大鼠脑水肿的影响
SAH组和SAH+vehicle组大鼠脑水肿指数明显增加,SAH组与SAH+vehicle组组间无明显差异。SAH+RAP组大鼠脑水肿明显减轻,SAH+3-MA组大鼠脑水肿未见明显加重(表4、图2)。
表4 各组大鼠的脑水肿指数
注:与对照组相比**P<0.01;与SAH组相比nsP>0.05;与SAH+vehicle组相比##P<0.01;与SAH+vehicle组相比
图2为RAP和3-MA对大鼠脑水肿的影响。SAH组与对照组相比脑水肿指数明显增加(**P<0.01),SAH组和SAH+vehicle组间无统计学意义(nsP>0.05),SAH+RAP组脑水肿指数下降(与SAH+vehicle组相比##P<0.01),SAH+3-MA组水肿指数未见明显增大,(与SAH+vehicle组相比,。
(6)RAP和3-MA对Evans blue渗出的影响
SAH组和SAH+vehicle组Evans blue渗出明显增多,RAP可明显减少大鼠脑组织中Evans blue的渗出,SAH+3-MA组大鼠Evans blue渗出未见明显增多(表5、图3)。
表5 各组大鼠脑皮质中Evans blue的渗出(ng/mg脑组织)
图3为RAP和3-MA对Evans blue渗出的影响。SAH组Evans blue渗出明显增多,(**P<0.01),SAH组和SAH+vehicle组间无统计学意义(nsP>0.05)。RAP明显的阻止了Evans blue的渗出(与SAH+vehicle组相比(##P<0.01),SAH+3-MA组与SAH+vehicle组间无明显统计学意义(
(7)RAP和3-MA对IgG渗出的影响
免疫组化显示SAH组和SAH+vehicle组大鼠脑组织中IgG渗出明显增多,3-MA可使IgG渗出更为明显,相反RAP可明显改善大鼠BBB的通透性(图4)。
图4为IgG在不同组的免疫组化染色(箭头示阳性细胞)。(A)对照组显示少量的染成棕色的IgG着色细胞(B)SAH组可见大量的IgG着色细胞(C)SAH+vehicle组同样可见大量IgG着色细胞(D)SAH+3-MA组可见更多的IgG着色细胞(E)SAH+RAP组IgG染色细胞明显下降。(F)不同组的免疫组化染色评分。与正常对照比**P<0.01;与SAH组比nsP>0.05;与SAH+vehicle组相比##P<0.01;与SAH+vehicle组相比#P<0.05。
从上述的试验证实,RAP可作为自噬激动剂,RAP可增强自噬,减轻脑水肿、降低血脑屏障的通透性和缓解临床症状,从而减轻SAH后EBI,进而对脑组织起保护作用。
SAH后有自噬的激活及脑水肿、BBB通透性的变化,提示自噬可能通过影响脑水肿和BBB的通透性进而影响EBI。而3-MA可抑制自噬,从而加重BBB的破坏及临床症状,进而加重SAH后EBI。
自噬是细胞通过单层或双层膜包裹待降解物形成自噬体,然后运送到溶酶体形成自噬溶酶体并进行多种酶的消化及降解,以实现细胞本身的代谢需要和某些细胞器的更新。根据底物进入溶酶体途径的不同,自噬分为巨自噬、微自噬及分子伴侣介导的自噬,其中巨自噬即我们通常所说的自噬。自噬过程经历的时间相对较短(T1/2为8min),说明自噬是细胞对于环境变化的有效反应,对新陈代谢起着举足轻重的作用:①自噬是对外源性刺激(包括营养缺乏、细胞密度负荷、低氧、氧化应激、感染等)的适应性反应,其降解产物氨基酸、核苷酸、游离脂肪酸等可供物质能量循环;②自噬作为细胞保持稳定状态的管家机制,可调控长寿命蛋白、过氧化物体、线粒体和内质网的更新;③自噬参与一定的组织特异性融合;④自噬既可以作为一种防御机制清除胞质内受损的细胞器、代谢产物,进行亚细胞水平上的重构,保护受损的细胞,同时它作为一种细胞死亡程序诱导细胞主动性死亡。
自噬是真核细胞中长寿蛋白和细胞质中器官代谢的主要细胞途径。大量的细胞内外的刺激物,包括氨基酸缺乏和微生物的入侵都可导致自噬的应答。多种病理过程包括癌症和神经功能减退都与自噬有关。大量的证据表明自噬途径在中枢神经系统的不同疾病病理过程中起重要的作用,例如脑缺血,外伤性脑损伤,实验性脑内出血,缺氧缺血性脑损伤等。在外伤性脑损伤的实验研究中学者认为脑外伤早期自噬被激活并有可能防止神经细胞变性坏死,以及自噬在随后消除畸变的细胞成分中持续起作用。在脑缺血缺氧的脑损伤模型中学者认为脑缺血后激活自噬有可能是细胞的一种存活机制,可能通过给能量代谢提供所需物质而起作用。
本发明发现在SAH后24h时脑水肿和BBB破坏都有明显的加重,RAP的应用可明显减轻脑水肿,改善BBB的通透性。提示自噬的激活可能通过改善BBB的通透性、减轻脑水肿而缓解EBI。自噬被激活可能是SAH后EBI的一种病理生理过程。自噬可能起到保护作用而缓解EBI,这说明RAP为SAH后EBI提供了一种新的治疗方法。
上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
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| CN112755026A (zh) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-05-07 | 滨州医学院 | 雷帕霉素在制备治疗中耳炎药物中的应用 |
| CN114366738A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-19 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院 | 雷帕霉素在促进神经干细胞扩增中的用途 |
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